Advanced Methodology for the European Laeken Indicators - AMELI
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Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Advanced Methodology for the European
Title of presentation
Laeken Indicators - AMELI
Subtitle (not
Moniquein
Grafbold)
Federal Statistical Office, Statistical Methods Unit
monique.graf@bfs.admin.ch
AuthorSwiss
of Statistics
presentation
Meeting, Geneva, 30.10.2009
Date (optional: followed by event title)
AMELI: c SFSO 1Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Outline
Title of presentation
The AMELI Project
European context of the project
Subtitle
OMC
Canberra group
(not in bold)
Social cohesion indicators
Monetary vs non-monetary poverty
Country profiles
Author
Conclusionof presentation
Date (optional: followed by event title)
AMELI: c SFSO 2Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
The AMELI Project
”Advanced Methodology for Laeken Indicators”
Title of presentation
is a research project on the statistical methodology for social
inclusion indicators, under the 7th framework programme of
Subtitle (not
the European Union.
Duration: 1.04.2008
I
in bold)
- 31.03.2011.
I Main emphasis on monetary indicators,
I but should be transposable to other indicator areas.
I Aim(s): Improved estimation; visualization; simulations.
Author of presentation
I Database: EU-SILC (social and living conditions) survey.
Date (optional: followed by event title)
I Delivery of open source codes in R.
AMELI: The AMELI Project c SFSO 3Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
The AMELI Team
Title of presentation
Germany
Switzerland
University of Trier Ralf Münnich (Co-ordinator)
German Federal Statistical Office Oliver Bode
Univ. of Applied Sciences NW Switzerland Beat Hulliger
Subtitle (not in bold)
Austria
Swiss Federal Statistical Office Monique Graf
Vienna University of Technology Matthias Templ
Statistics Austria Thomas Burg
Finland University of Helsinki Risto Lehtonen
Statistics Finland Timo Alanko
Slovenia Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia Rudi Seljak
Estonia Statistics Estonia Kaja Sõstra
Author of presentation
Date (optional: followed by event title)
AMELI: The AMELI Project c SFSO 4Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Main Themes
Several lines of research are ongoing.
Title
Setting of
I presentation
the scene and state-of-the-art (SFSO)
Subtitle (not(SFSO) in bold)
Small area estimation (U. Helsinki) and
I
parametric estimation
I Variance estimation (U. Trier)
I Robustness (Fachhochschule NW Schweiz)
I Data Quality (SFSO)
I Simulation (U. Wien)
Author of presentation
I Analysis (all)
Date (optional: followed by event title)
AMELI: The AMELI Project c SFSO 5Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Description of the state of the art
One SFSO’s contribution is a panorama of the context in
Title of presentation
which social cohesion indicators have been developed:
the rationale for the Laeken indicators,
I
Subtitle (not
the need for a harmonized
I
in bold)
definition of income
permitting well founded international comparisons,
I the technical difficulties related to skew distributions
and the existence of extreme values,
I the way they were addressed in the past,
Author of presentation
I the studies based on former databases like the European
Date (optional: followed by event title)
Household Panel.
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 6Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Open Method of Coordination (OMC)
Title of presentation
OMC rests on soft law mechanisms such as guidelines
I
Subtitle
and indicators, (not
practice.
in
benchmarking andbold)
sharing of best
I There are no official sanctions.
I It relies on a form of peer pressure.
Author of presentation
Date (optional: followed by event title)
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 7Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Open Method of Coordination II
Title of presentation
The OMC works in stages
The Council of Ministers agrees on (often very broad)
I
Subtitle
policy goals.
(not in bold)
Member states then transpose guidelines into national
I
and regional policies.
I Specific benchmarks and indicators to measure best
practice are agreed upon.
Author of presentation
I Results are monitored and evaluated.
Date (optional: followed by event title)
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 8Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
The OMC in social inclusion
The Social Protection Committee was made official in the
Nice Treaty.
Title of presentation
I Each member state was asked to benchmark its
situation by producing a two year national action plan.
Subtitle (not in bold)
I Community Action Programme to combat poverty and
social exclusion was set up.
I In the social inclusion OMC some funds were made
available for NGOs and consequently its’ ”inclusive”
approach to civil society has been favourably
commented upon.
Author of presentation
I According to FEANTSA (2005), the Pensions OMC is
Datemore
(optional: followed
closed and involves mainly by event title)
the Commission and
national civil servants.
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 9Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
OMC in social inclusion vs European Employment
strategy (ESS)
Title of presentation
Pochet (2005) compares the two OMC
I ESS OMC → centralization, naming and shaming
(top-down approach)
Subtitle (not in bold)
I Social inclusion OMC → experimental dynamic with the
involvement of local and regional actors (bottom-up).
Ferrera and Sacchi (2004) analyze the impact of the EES
and the Social Inclusion OMC’s in Italy.
I relatively significant in the case of employment
I relatively insignificant in the case of social inclusion
Author of presentation
One key difference: treaty status of the employment OMC
Date (optional:
which forced the Italianfollowed
authorities toby event
comply - thistitle)
component was lacking for social inclusion.
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 10Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Optimistic views on the OMC
I OMC’s potential for achieving common objectives in
Title of presentation
sensitive issue areas, via its mechanisms (i.e.
benchmarking, target-setting, best practice sharing, and
Subtitle (not in bold)
multi-level surveillance) intended to enhance deliberative
problem-solving, the pooling of knowledge,
transparency, accountability and peer pressure, while
leaving the decision-making authority with the states.
Evidence that the diffusion of the Lisbon-OMC network
I
is gradually nudging the logic of social interaction in the
Author of ofpresentation
direction what some call ”argumentative rationality”,
and accelerated the social selection processes required
Datefor(optional:
the emergence followed
of consensual by event title)
knowledge.
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 11Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
The politician’s word
Title ofdespresentation
Le Ministre belge Affaires sociales Vandenbroucke (2001)
”Une méthode ouverte de coordination efficace est plus qu’un
Subtitle (not in bold)
processus d’apprentissage intelligemment géré et plus qu’un
instrument de défense. Si nous l’utilisons judicieusement, la
coordination ouverte constitue une méthode offensive qui
nous permet de définir concrètement une ”Europe sociale” et
de l’ancrer fermement dans le processus européen de
coopération comme un bien commun.”
Author of presentation
Date (optional: followed by event title)
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 12Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Canberra group
Title of topresentation
One key element of social cohesion is the income concept.
The initiative
I organize an International Expert Group
Subtitle (not in inbold)
on Household Income Statistics was taken by the
Australian Bureau of Statistics order to work on the
development of statistics on household economic
well-being and particularly on household income.
The International Expert Group met for the first time in
I
December 1996 in Canberra, Australia under the
Author of ofpresentation
auspices the United Nations Statistical Commission.
Date (optional: followed by event title)
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 13Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Canberra group
Title
The primary of presentation
objective of the Canberra Group was to enhance
national household income statistics:
Subtitle (notonin
by developing standards
I bold)
conceptual and practical
issues related to the production of income distribution
statistics
I in support of a revision of international guidelines on
income distribution statistics.
Author of presentation
Date (optional: followed by event title)
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 14Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Canberra group
The Group would address collectively
Title
problemsoffacedpresentation
the common conceptual, definitional and practical
I
by national and international statistical
Subtitle (not inexpert
bold)
agencies in this subject area
and would act as
I a forum for opinions on
conceptual and methodological issues and for obtaining
endorsement for guidelines
the improvement of not only the methodology, but also
I
the data for international comparisons on household
Author
incomeofdistribution.
presentation
Date (optional:
The Group followed
issued a report by eventthat
and recommendations title)
have
been generally followed for EU-SILC.
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 15Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Definition of social cohesion
The Council of Europe published a Methodological guide
Title of presentation
”Concerted development of social cohesion indicators”
In this Guide,
Subtitle (not in bold)
Social cohesion of a modern society is defined as
the society’s ability to secure the long term well-being of all
its members, including
I equitable access to available resources,
I respect for human dignity with due regard for diversity,
personal and collective autonomy,
Author of presentation
I
I responsible participation.
Date (optional: followed by event title)
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 16Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Definition of social cohesion
This definition is based on the four constituent dimensions of
human well-being that are essential for the functioning of
Title of presentation
societies that recognise human rights and democracy as
underpinning the way they are organised:
Subtitle (not
fair and equal access
I
in bold)
[to fundamental
information technology, to culture...],
rights, new
I individual (and collective) dignity,
I the autonomy of the individual,
I the participation in community life.
Author of presentation
These principles determine the ”quality” of the bonds
Date
between(optional:
individuals andfollowed
between them byandevent title) to
the community
which they belong.
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 17Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Other definitions of social cohesion
Title of presentation
The Guide mentions other approaches to social cohesion,
that are described as ”mechanical”:
Subtitle (notconcept in bold)
The etymological sense of cohesion
I
The origins of the
I of social cohesion: the views
of Emile Durkheim
I Definitions based on community bonds
I Definitions based on shared values and a sense of
belonging
Author of presentation
I Definitions based on the ability to work together
Date (optional: followed by event title)
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 18Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
”Mechanical” vs ”organic” social cohesion
”Mechanical” conception of social cohesion tend to leave
aside the key question of the plurality of conditions, interests
Title of presentation
and identities
social cohesion being regarded as the absence of differences.
Subtitle (not in bold)
These definitions are, moreover, based on bonds that appear
”natural”, while in our societies social cohesion a concept
that covers a complex set of social relations involves
processes of ”exposure” to a variety of different, and
occasionally contradictory, interests, views and insights.
Social cohesion is thus not a ”scientific” or technical concept.
Author of presentation
Rather, it results from ”interpretative” exercises that the
institutional players and autonomous individuals carry out as
Date (optional: followed by event title)
they shoulder their collective responsibilities in order to
resolve conflicts.
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 19Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Social cohesion indicators
Atkinson, Cantillon, Marlier and Nolan (2001) book
Title of presentation
”Indicators for Social Inclusion in the European Union”
was a source of inspiration for the Laeken European Council
in December 2001:
Subtitle
European Union(not
I (EU) Headsinof State
bold) and Government
endorsed a first set of 18 common statistical indicators
of social exclusion and poverty
I that were later refined by the Social Protection
Committee.
Author of presentation
I These indicators are an essential element in the Open
Method of Coordination to monitor progress of Member
DateStates
(optional: followed by event title)
in the fight against poverty and social exclusion.
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 20Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Monetary vs non-monetary poverty
The usual monetary approach to poverty is compared to a
Title of presentation
non-monetary approach (e.g. Guio, 2005):
Monetary approach is relative
I
Subtitle
(i.e. based on a(not in bold)
threshold defined in relation to the
distribution of income within each country)
I Non-monetary approach is more ”absolute”
(”economic strain”, enforced lack of durable goods and
problems with housing).
Author of presentation
I The relationship between the different dimensions has
also been addressed on the basis of ECHP.
Date (optional: followed by event title)
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 21Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Country profiles
Country profiles are good examples of the OMC.
Title of presentation
The Commission presents country profiles (Joint Report on
Social Protection and Social Inclusion, Commission Staff
working document, 2007)
Subtitle (notNational
based on the integrated
I in bold)
protection and social inclusion
Strategies for social
I that Member States have presented in 2006 for the first
time.
They complement the 2007 Joint Report on social
I
Author of presentation
protection and social inclusion [COM(2007) 13 final].
Date
It is the(optional:
first release to followed by event
be based on EU-SILC title)
data for 25 EU
countries (2005).
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 22Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Comparisons
Title
Guio (2005) of
”Income presentation
poverty and social exclusion in the
EU25” gives for the general public:
Subtitle (notof in
an interesting synthesis
I bold)Laeken
the comparative
indicators in the EU25 (2003) during the transition
between ECHP and EU-SILC
I a concise exposition of the differences between ECHP
and EU-SILC methodology.
Author of presentation
Date (optional: followed by event title)
AMELI: European context of the project c SFSO 23Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
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AMELI: European context of the project SFSO 24Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA
Federal Statistical Office FSO
Back to AMELI
Title of presentation
The AMELI project acts within the described framework.
Our main concern:
Subtitle (not in bold)
the statistical properties of the indicators to be
I
estimated.
Our tools:
I Mathematical models for better estimators
I Simulation database
I R programming
Author of presentation
... but this is another story.
Date (optional: followed by event title)
AMELI: Conclusion: back to AMELI c SFSO 25You can also read
