ADOPTING A PROGRAM MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO MAXIMIZE THE BENEFIT OF 'VERTICAL CITIES' - Arcadis
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ADOPTING A PROGRAM MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO MAXIMIZE THE BENEFIT OF ‘VERTICAL CITIES’
Tall buildings are bigger, better, faster and more prevalent than ever. Driven by rapid growth
in Asia and the Middle East, the race among the world’s cities to build the tallest, ultimate
record-busting skyscraper on the planet is fast and furious. But these skyscrapers leave a legacy
city beneath, whether that is in the form of an open landscape for development around the
Kingdom Tower in Saudi Arabia, or a city prime for redevelopment in the shadow of the Petronas
Towers in Kuala Lumpur, a programmatic approach to design and development can ensure this
legacy is overwhelmingly positive.
Well-executed skyscrapers can By looking at the development But it is not always the case that
be a real economic-development as a whole program of works, these vertical cities are simply
driver. The Petronas Twin identifying the deliverables responding to urbanization.
Towers in Kuala Lumpur, built in required to achieve desired Buildings like the Burj Khalifa
1998, was the world’s tallest business outcomes, managing and the Shanghai Tower are
until it was eclipsed by Taipei the interfaces with the often called vertical cities, but
101 just six years later. Whilst surrounding infrastructure and they are not the direct result of
it may no longer be the tallest establishing robust planning the demands imposed by highly
building in the world, the towers and scheduling, the bigger urbanized space. They are born
successfully changed the pictures becomes clearer, as from a city’s burning ambition
perception of Kuala Lumpur does the route to benefits to make their mark. An iconic
worldwide (Bremner, 2007). realization. Supertall buildings tall building enhances the
These world class vertical and surrounding developments global image of the city. It is
buildings raise the bar for other are unique projects facing likely to put the city on the
buildings in the city, be it malls, unique risks; risk management world map, thereby signaling
office blocks or hotels. is at the core of this programmatic and promoting its significant
approach. Focusing on trends, economic progress and
There is no doubt that forecasting and actively advancement (Ali, 2012). These
“Supertall” and “Megatall” managing and mitigating the big, innovative, and distinctively
represent a new vision of risk from the outset will have designed skyscrapers are
vertical urbanization, but as tangible, measurable and potential game-changers. If
the race for grandeur surges, beneficial impacts on the they get it right, these new
so does the risk and disruption outcomes for the development developments can attract
caused by our increasingly and the wider city environment. phenomenal levels of tourism,
unstable and rapidly changing by combining high-end mall
planet. The unthinkable is no These outcomes however, are space, offices, hotels and even
longer unthinkable, some not solely economic. As our ski slopes and aquariums.
of these threats remain population continues to grow
unforeseeable and outside of and our resources become However, as these cities get
our control. The most effective scarce, another challenge we bigger and more complex, layer
way to ensure successful and face in this volatile climate is of enterprise and delivery risks
safe delivery in this unpredictable building cities sustainably to are added. The future of the
climate is by taking a commercially meet the growing demand. By building is coming at us with
led programmatic approach. 2050, the world population increasing speed and intensity,
will have grown to nine billion, the difference between the thrill
from about seven billion today of victory and the agony of
(Risen, 2013). Building vertical defeat is very small. Supertall
cities can save energy, support and megatall developments are
our growing population and no exception. Minimal deviations
preserve our horizontal spaces from plan are compounded and
for food production, nature and can have major implications on
recreation. the overall performance of the
program.
Location
The location of a vertical city can be a challenge and a key
opportunity. When looking at the global landscape of vertical
cities, over the past 50-60 years we have seen an eastward shift in
the geographical makeup of the world’s tallest buildings (see figure
1), corresponding to the economic emergence of these nations. Figure 1, The Shift East – How
the location of the world’s tallest
It is evident from the high rise trends in the Middle and Far East
building is changing
that these countries use architecture to demonstrate the development Tilburn, J (2014) Supertall B
and achievement of their nations. These dynamic structures also uildings 2014, Allianz Global
identify opportunities in the development, or indeed the redevelopment, Corporate and Specialty
of the cities surrounding these vertical metropolises.
The Shift East
How location of the world's tallest buildings is changing
30 14 14 14
20
20
19
20
Today, South East
Asia (48%) and the
Middle East (30%)
regions now account for
99% more than three quarters
of the tallest 100
buildings
in the world
In 1930 99% of the
Of the world's current 100
Specifically China
tallest 100 buildings tallest buildings over half have Half of the is the country with the
were located in North been constructed in the past tallest building most tall buildings in the
America with 51% in projects by 2020
four years (59). 90% of these top 100 (30) across over
New York City alone*. are in China. 15 cities. Meanwhile, 20%
Today (2014) this
have been built in either
of the world’s tallest 50
has decreased to China, wider South East Asia buildings are currently
just 16%. (for example, South Korea) or in Dubai.
the Middle East.
In countries like China, tall The “wow” factor of being Table 1 shows the average sale
buildings are an effective way in the shadow of the tallest and rental rates across selected
of housing large numbers of building on Earth has pushed developments of Dubai. Among the
people, as the population up land values all around the list of developments, highest rates
are achieved for properties
migrates from the countryside Burj, creating an economic
in the Downtown area.
to the cities. In the Middle East, ripple effect that benefits the
tall buildings are more of a whole city. Emaar Properties,
statement of intent. The Burj the developer behind the Burj,
Khalifa represents Dubai’s push have made it the centerpiece of
to become a world city, and the a new business and residential
costs of its construction need district, charging a premium
to be set against that bigger for properties with clear views
picture (Langton, 2013). On its of the skyscraper. Even if the
own the building represents Burj Khalifa had failed to turn
valuable real estate, but the 829 a profit, its presence has raised
meter tall structure, which includes the surrounding property value
apartments and a luxury hotel, enough to more than offset the
is not simply an expensive difference.
marketing tool for the Emirates.
OFFICE - SALES RATES (AED / FT²) RESIDENTIAL - SALES RATES (AED / RETAIL - RENTAL RATES (AED / FT²)
FT²)
DEVELOPMENT LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH
Premium Area
(Burj Khalifa)
Downtown Dubai 1,750 2,350 1,800 4,800 180 325
Other
Difference Difference Difference Difference Difference Difference
Dubai Areas
Dubai Marina 1,575 10.0% 1,900 19.1% 1,300 27.8% 2,775 42.4% 130 27.8% 250 23.1%
Dubai 1,700 2.9% 2,000 14.9% 1,650 8.3% 2,150 55.2% 165 8.3% 210 35.4%
International
Financial Centre
Jumeirah 1,175 32.9% 1,450 38.3% 1,150 36.1% 1,650 65.6% 120 33.3% 180 44.6%
Lakes Towers
Conversely, one notable oversight on the Burj development is the
Table 1: Average sale and public transportation link. In the hot Arabian sunshine, a 1.5km
rental rates across selected walk from the nearest metro station to the iconic landmark and
developments of Dubai
adjoining Dubai Mall is a result of poor planning and insufficient
Faheem, M (2015) CBRE
interface management. The distance may seem negligible, but
in the height of the summer when temperature can reach above
50°Celsius, the walk is unbearable. The benefit of developing a city
in an emerging market that has a relatively flexible landscape with
an evolving public transport strategy is to link the two together,
promoting the use of the new metro and creating ease of access.
Taking a programmatic approach to the whole development would
have built this functionality in at an early stage.
The Triple The industry is becoming budget, but that also allows
increasingly aware of the costs benefits to be realized and
Bottom Line and benefits of building “green.” business outcomes to be
Knowledge in this area is achieved. The delivery of major
A tall building is not only iconic advancing rapidly, and the buildings is becoming ever
in design but economically, higher visibility, status, and more complex, driven by
socially, environmentally design quality of tower buildings legislative change (sustainability),
impactful. But can a tall means that they are often technological change (BIM) or
building ever be sustainable? the forefront of research and the continuous fragmentation
We are no longer in the age implementation of sustainable of the design/procure/construct
of the high-rise urban ghettos strategies. The adoption of process. This complexity is
of the latter half of the 20th LEED-type methods are helping compounded for vertical cities
century, tall buildings can offer to develop the efficiency of where the systematic analysis,
unparalleled innovation and individual buildings as “products”, mapping and management of
exhilaration, with a flurry of though there are many aspects the interdependence between
technological advances that of sustainability that are not individual activity and tasks is
enable skyscrapers to be just included in these methods. magnified.
as green if not greener than When addressing sustainability,
their low-rise counterparts it is important to not only look The role of the Program Manager
(Ijeh, 2015). There is a balance at the energy efficiency of buildings, is to create the right ‘controls’ to
required between creating a but also their relationship to inspire the team to deliver the
truly iconic development that infrastructure and their required quality and innovation
attracts investment, tourism long-term financial viability. that tall buildings demand, but
and promotes a city brand, within a controlled and risk
ultimately warranting higher Many key factors need to be assured delivery strategy. Figure
rental income, and building taken into consideration as early 1 summarizes five principles of
sustainably, environmentally as possible to ensure a safe and program quality assurance used
as well as economically. efficient structure is delivered on The Kingdom Tower.
not only within time and to
Figure 2. The five principles of program quality assurance
TEAM Focus on individual capabilities and
the relationship between team
members and organizations. The
creation of high performing teams
based upon the principles of
collaboration, accountability and
shared focus on outcomes.
OUTCOMES Defining performance outcomes and PROCESS Tall buildings demand specific focus
success factors from a commercial, on the deployment of granular
political and social perspective. control processes at all levels of
the project that integrate with one
another. It is important to establish
a controls regime that balances
reporting and forecasting techniques.
PRODUCT Understanding and defining the DELIVERY Applying a forensic approach to the
performance requirements of the mapping of granular tasks, interfaces
product to ensure it is translated and dependencies throughout the
into the delivery strategy. design/procure/construct/operate
cycle. Creating the time for creativity
and innovation to overcome delivery
challenges.Health and Safety Figure 3: The Kingdom Tower approach to HSE
Assurance
Building tall represents many Jeddah Arcadis & Dar Saudi Contractors
risks and as a result health Economic Mace (JV) Al-Handasah Binladin
Council Consultants Group
and safety should always be
(the Client) (Contractors)
foremost in any construction
project. Building a vertical city
has to consider the risks as
does any other construction
STRATEGIC
project, but there should also
be a focus on key areas, such
TACTICAL
as working at height, complex
lifting operations, access and
egress arrangements, perimeter OPERATIONAL
working and fire and emergen-
cy preparedness. Mitigation
measures for these key hazards • Implement a strategic/proactive approach to HSE Management
must constantly be reviewed, • Provide leadership at all levels
updated and tailored to ensure • Ensure Accountability/Ownership
that the risks of working on a • HSE performance monitoring
high-rise development are being • Provide education at all levels
adequately managed. Figure • Set best practice expectations
1 describes the approach to
Health, Safety and Environment
(HSE) that was adopted on the
Kingdom Tower.
As an example the following Of specific importance in the
eight key fatality risks have been Middle East is the need for
identified on the Kingdom Behavioural Leadership. The
Tower in relation to the Behavioural Management of
construction methodology: Safety (or BMOS) integrates
behavioural strategies and
• Lifting operations processes into health and
• Work at height safety management systems.
Working at all levels of a
• Shaft and riser works
project or program, BMOS
• Building perimeter works analysis promotes safer behaviour
• Edge protection and environmental conditions to
• Fire deliver continuous improvement
in health, safety and business
• Electric shock and
performance. A BMOS program
• Falling materials. creates a systematic approach
that defines a set of behaviours
For each of these fatality risk to reduce the risk of work-
areas prescriptive risk control related injuries. This is achieved
standards are then developed this by collecting data on the
which are incorporated into frequency of safety critical
the safe systems of work. The behaviours, providing feedback
application of the standards and reinforcement to encourage
can be audited to assure positive behaviour. The data is
compliance. also used to identify root causes,
facilitate problem solving, and
develop recommendations for
continuous improvement
with particular emphasis on
improving communication
and awareness at all levels.Focus on Building Information Modeling design, details and construction
(BIM) and other virtual methods can save a lot of time
Design Innovation construction services are a and money if managed
critical part of executing effectively and efficiently at the
The viability of any development skyscrapers. Using these front-end. However, innovations
is dependent on costs vs revenue. techniques means more need to be balanced with
These factors get ever more efficiencies and accuracy in reliability, fully exploring these
complex when building tall. pre-construction planning innovative solutions from the
Typically, as the height of a and strategies, and equally start is fundamental to actively
building increases so does the important, during construction. assessing, managing and
cost of construction. Many of In addition to innovative mitigating the risks.
the challenges faced in the methods for coordination of
development, design and structural and mechanical On the Kingdom Tower,
construction of tall buildings engineering, information can innovative piling techniques
focus on finding innovative be extracted from the model were implemented by using a
responses to mitigate risks to facilitate estimating, 110m Kelly Bar, manufactured
associated with the key cost procurement, clash detection for drilling rigs, this removed the
drivers, these must be identified and field management. need for extension pieces to
early. The 3-D model can be used be inserted during drilling
to identify and avoid safety operations. This cut cycle times
Buildings like Kingdom Tower hazards. The use of this for depths down to 100m, a
could remain the exception technology can enhance our reduction of 50%, and saved
rather than the rule as cost is overall productivity, provide approximately 70 working days.
the major obstacle preventing instant clarification and offer
developers going much beyond important cost savings in State of the art computerized
the one-mile mark. It isn’t the high-rise construction. drilling rigs were used (see
engineering, it’s the economics Figure 4), which bettered
(Baker, 2008) that is holding Prefabrication is not a new tolerance targets by 50%.
back the development of more concept, but architects and On site fabrication of all
tall buildings. The reason that engineers are tuning their reinforcement cages ensured
many skyscraper schemes never hats to the concept of quality of fabrication and
come to fruition is usually the prefabricated skyscrapers to consistency of supply in order
business plan. Every time you promote innovation and ‘Lean to maintain schedule.
increase the height, the volume Construction’. Due to the Environmental factors were also
increases by several times repetitive nature of supertall considers and by recovering the
more. The Burj Khalifa is a good construction, even small drilling fluids, which were then
example of how to mitigate improvements can have big stored in site tanks and recycled
having too much space to sell effects if integrated early using dedicated temporary
by keeping the building as enough. Simplifications of storage pond.
slim as possible. This can be
measured and monitored
throughout the design process
by using a programmatic
approach and analyzing the
building’s useable space to
keep the design in line with
the desired outcomes.
Figure 4: The
Kingdom Tower
computerized
drilling rigs.
©Jeddah
Economic
Company / Sales
& Marketing
Dept.A key consideration in the the Burj Khalifa, however
design of a vertical transportation Kingdom Tower will contain 57
system in tall buildings is to elevators and 10 escalators and
reach the optimum balance the highest elevator will rise
between the quality and 660m, with the world’s fastest
quantity of lift service provided, double deck Elevators which
the capital cost of the lifts ascend at 10.5 m/s from the
themselves and the loss of lobby to the observatory level.
revenue-earning, tenantable This is made possible by using
space taken up by the provision carbon fiber rope technology
of lift cores and plant rooms. (Kone Ultrarope) as illustrated
This becomes even more critical in figure 5.
as buildings become taller than
50–60 storeys.
The type of vertical transportation
system is often linked to the
specific use of the building and
may facilitate the requirement
for sky lobbies. Double decker
lifts, a relatively new technology,
have been used in many high
rise developments to provide
efficient solution to minimize
tower core area requirements
and meet passenger requirements.
The challenge of moving people
up and down such tall buildings
is one of the reasons why the
prospect of a mile-high building
becoming a reality appeared
almost impossible until the
unveiling of Kingdom Tower
design. The longest distance it is
currently possible to travel in an
elevator is 504m, up to 638m in
It is challenging for elevators to
Figure 5 illustrates of Kone go faster because of the rapid
elevator system on the Kingdom
change in air pressure over such
Tower. ©KONE
a distance. Early appraisal of
options and development of
a strategy that meets specific
requirements of building design
is critical to avoid costly late
design changes or delays caused
by inefficient ways of working.Performance Constant and clear communication
of intent throughout the team is
Management essential to create a culture
that is focused on the expectations
The adoption of quality controls and outcomes. Early identification
processes and approaches need of the key trends to be monitored
to identify and forecast the root and forecasting KPI’s will enable
issues that may have a negative the analysis of progress and
effect on schedule, cost, quality predict scenarios. On the Kingdom
and overall performance. These Tower a specific performance
could be human, personality or management regime has been
system issues which are slowing adopted to identify trends and
things down or preventing quick forecast outcomes (Table 2).
implementation. If necessary This is of specific concern for tall
issues may need to be micro buildings where the compound
-managed and micro-monitored effect of delay to an individual
until they are back on track. task can have exponential
consequences.
REGIME KPI OUTCOME
Contractor Submittals with specific focus on:
- Design Drawings Duration to complete review Engineer performance
- Shop Drawings Approval status Contractor quality
- Materials
Engineer performance
Request for Information Duration to answer RFI
Consultant performance
Number of NCRs issued Contractor performance
Non-Compliance Reports (NCRs)
Number of NCRs Closed Construction quality
Site Productivity Floor Cycle duration Contractor performance
Readiness for inspection Contractor performance
Site inspection
Approval status Construction quality
Health & Safety Accident Frequency Rate Readiness for inspection
Table 2: Kingdom Tower Program Management controls framework
©Jeddah Economic Company / Sales & Marketing Dept.
In addition to traditional
schedule and cost reporting,
performance data on the
Kingdom Tower is captured on
a weekly basis and outcomes
are presented in weekly and
monthly dashboards (Figure 6).
Performance issues are further
analyzed and appropriate
actions identified to reverse
negative trends. This micro-
management identifies root Figure 6: Kingdom Tower 3D
causes at a more fundamental Logistics Concept
level and provides key insight ©Jeddah Economic Company /
into performance. Sales & Marketing Dept.Construction Logistics and Operational
Readiness
Logistics planning is critical for construction speed. There is a
bottleneck at the base of every building built where manpower and
materials enter and leave the building. This issue is magnified in the
construction of tall buildings where peak flows of resource need
access to the vertical site. Adequate hoists must be installed, and
their use must be meticulously managed. Experience in operational
readiness has proven that it is essential to integrate the “opening
and operation strategy” into the design and construction schedule.
Early stakeholder engagement with the end users and appropriate
authorities is required to meet and manage expectations and avoid
delays.
For the Kingdom Tower specific
areas of focus have been:
Systems Analysis
Not all systems are equal when
it comes to onsite installation
and coordination with other
trades. Analysis on tall buildings
brings a clear focus on hoisting,
stocking and area requirements,
all of which have an economic
effect to the installed system.
Emphasis must be placed on
buildability, the management
of onsite work area requirements
and the simplification of
systems. Efficient and effective
planning of servicing, repair and
replacement must be considered
along with appropriate ‘Stack
effect’ planning.
Site Logistics/Crane and
Hoisting Scheme
Logistics planning is key to
streamlining material movement
There is a significant cost
to workface and eliminating Figure 7: Kingdom Tower 3D
Logistics Concept associated with cranes and
redundant or inefficient labour
lifting strategies. Kingdom Tower
and plant. On the Kingdom ©Jeddah Economic Company /
uses “Jump Lifts” which were
Tower resources will peak Sales & Marketing Dept.
invented for the Sears Tower in
around 7,000. It is critical to
Chicago. By utilizing this system,
engage with the design team
hoisting is contained within the
very early in the process to
core eliminating the need to
identify areas for material
close up curtain-wall sections
deliveries and ensure worker
out of sequence. This technique
welfare is meticulous planned.
is not only lower in cost, but
See Figure 6: Kingdom Tower
it also means that the interior
3D Logistics Concept.
hoist is not affected by external
weather conditions.Procurement Methodology Manufacture/Offsite Pre-Assembly Interior Development Phasing /
and Timing Manufacturing offsite and using Tenant Special Requirements
Tall buildings are unique, techniques for pre-assembly These can have a big impact
requiring inventive solutions can save money and time, and on MEP and structural design
that are at the cutting edge promote quality control. It is requirements. Identifying
of the industry. Using critical to assess the site logistic these as early as possible and
manufacturers to help deliver and hoisting plans as this will accommodating for them within
these solutions can offer determine extent of off-site the design will eliminate risks
an innovative buildabilty assembly. to schedule, cost, and quality,
advantage. This innovation, removing the need for retro-
if properly procured, can be The Kingdom Tower curtain spective structural coordination
brought in during the design walling design is a high and other costly changes.
strategy without impacting performance system similar
competitive tendering. This in specification to the Burj Commissioning and Occupancy
procurement process must be Khalifa. The complex system, The testing and commissioning
clearly mapped out in advance which comprises of over 33,000 strategy must be considered
with a specific emphasis on curtain wall panels, is being early so the opening and
requirements for design input, manufactured and assembled operation strategy can be
proprietary products, phased offsite to simplify and integrated into the schedule.
procurement and site logistics. streamline onsite installation. The construction schedule must
be driven by pre-commissioning
Schedule and Trade Sequencing Material and Tradesmen and start early with progressive
On tall buildings, there are a Availability sign offs. The coordination and
number of trades that have to Early awareness of market integration of life safety and
work sequentially and vertically. constraints and capacities shaft pressurization, flushing of
The most efficient approach is means these restrictions can chilled water system and system
to plan the critical trades from be accommodated by adapting integration testing, validation
floor to floor, trailing trades design solutions. Designing to and handover can limit or
at the same pace, creating promote competition is key and eliminate the cost of temporary
optimum vertical sequencing. it is critical to secure commitments and/or retrofit work. The impact
This coordinated approach from trade contractors and of this is heightened on tall
allows results in improved material suppliers early. buildings due to the intricate
production rates and better and innovative nature of the
quality control. Tolerance and Movement design.
Tall buildings are designed for
Design aspects can often inhibit their completed configuration. Maximizing benefits through
the optimal pace, identifying However, during construction Program Management
this early means that adjustments a building may have higher Program Management provides
can be made to improve degrees of loading that the substantial measures of
constructability. For example, finished product. It is more cost stability, clarity and certainty.
the core of the building is effective to design with the The application of sound
the main pacesetting trade, construction sequencing known, Program Management principles
simplifying the core will save rather than build in excess when building an iconic tall
time and money by setting a capacity at additional expense building provides the discipline,
faster leading pace. that may never be utilized. organization, structure and
Coordinating cumulative trade processes to manage and
Construction Quality Control tolerances and deflection mitigate risk whilst also
and Assurance criteria, accommodating for creating the environment to
Quality control and assurance lateral and thermal movement drive design and construction
is key to setting expectations, and planning for differential innovation. The result is the
working within tolerances and movement can help to identify creation of exceptional buildings
creating repeatable sequences. the construction sequence and outcomes, the larger and
Construction quality can be and allow the building to be more complex the challenges,
assured by designing these into designed accordingly. the bigger the benefits.
the details and building in
regular schedule checks. It is
critical to carry out performance
testing as early as possible,
ensure that shop drawings are
coordinated and that the right
mock-ups are being produced.Tall buildings have challenged and allow staggered opening, Very small deviations from plan
technology itself and allowed us including the possibility of can have a big bottom line
to build towers more efficiently earlier income streams. impact. It is not enough to
and sustainably; and to create Maximizing buildability requires manage to time, cost and scope
internal environments that are the early, intensive interrogation, of work without understanding
comfortable, productive, and planning and scheduling of the critical interdependencies
energy-efficient. The prevalent the development, with detailed and risks unique to delivering
green movement has propelled consideration of alternative vertical cities. Investing in
the design of high performing methodologies. a Program Management
tall buildings to employ approach from the beginning
intelligent technologies and It is critically important to first will undeniably ensure that not
smart materials. Optimizing a understand the business goals only are the outputs achieved,
design for efficiencies can and objectives, rather than but benefits are realized and
shorten the construction hastily launching the delivery outcomes achieved.
schedule, easing the financing of technical services. Program
costs and reducing the risk of Management can deliver these
price rises during the construction iconic skyscraper and their
phase. Greater savings can be surrounding cities safely,
made through phasing of works efficiently and at speed by
to allow works to be carried out providing a quality control
concurrently and assurance framework.
References
1. Bremner, B. (2007) The Race for the Tallest Skyscraper. May 01 2007. Bloomberg Business Week.
2. Risen, C. (2013) The Rise Of The Supertalls. March 2013. The New York Times.
3. Ijeh, I (2015) Can tall buildings ever be sustainable? 25 February 2015. Building Design Online.
4. Langton, J (2013) Kingdom Tower, Burj Khalifa and the era of the megatall buildings. March 18 2013. The National UAE.
5. Tilburn, J (2014) Supertall Buildings, 2014. Allianz Global Corporate and Specialty.
6. Ali, MM & Al-Kodmany, K (2012) Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat of the 21st Century: A Global Perspective. 28
September 2012. MDPI Buildings.
Contact
Julio Maggi
Global Director of Program Management
T +974 5039 2026
E julio.maggi@arcadis.com
Derek Roy
Commercial Director
T +966 558 886 520
E derek.w.roy@arcadis.com
Bryony Day
Program Manager
T +44 (0)7741 290 919
E bryony.day@arcadis.com
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