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The official publication for U.S. Army Air Defense Professionals
2021, Issue 2
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Headquarters, Department of the Army. PB 44-21-2
Editor: Jamie Southerland
Contents Assistant Editor: Monica Wood
Art Director: David Johnson
ADA School PAO: XXXX XXXXXX
3 Commandant’s Forward
By BG Richard A. Harrison The Air Defense Artillery Journal staff can be reached by
email at usarmy.sill.fcoe.mbx.bulletins@mail.mil or by phone
4 Blackjack Warrior Competition 2021 at (580) 442-1090/5121.
By SGT Ian Vega-Cerezo
7 Military Intelligence in an Air Defense Disclaimer
The Air Defense Artillery Journal is published by Head-
Artillery Battalion quarters, Department of the Army under the auspices of the
By CPT Amanda Barrett and SGT Nathaniel Taylor U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery School, 730 Schimmelpfennig
10 Patriot Master Gunner Course held in Japan Rd., Fort Sill, OK 73503. The views expressed within are those
of the authors and not the Department of Defense or its ele-
for the first time ments. The content contained within the Air Defense Artillery
By SGT Raquel Birk Journal does not necessarily reflect the U.S. Army’s position
14 Training with industry: Letterkenny Army or supersede information in other official publications. Use
of new items constitutes neither affirmation of their accuracy
Depot serving with the organic industrial base nor product endorsements. The Air Defense Artillery Journal
By CW3 Robert T. Brower assumes no responsibility for any unsolicited material.
16 Operational assessment of Joint Integrated Air
By Order of the Secretary of the Army:
and Missile Defense in Iraq - “Max Protect”
By CW4 Noel Del Real JAMES C. MCCONVILLE
18 Battery command philosophy: “Leadership General, United States Army
Chief of Staff
simplicity is key” Official:
By CPT Nathan Gibbs
20 Spinning plates: Air Defense brigade staffs
and the theater fight
By COL Glenn A. Henke MARK F. AVERILL
Acting Administrative Assistant
24 3-2nd ADA Battalion PMG Mentorship Program to the Secretary of the Army
By SFC Daniel Johnson 2120901
26 Impacts of Staff Ride Military History
Developmental Programs
By 1LT Morgan A. Lloyd
RICHARD A. HARRISON
32 Developing Air Defenders as Ethical Leaders Brigadier General, United States Army
By Chaplain (MAJ) Willie Newton, Jr. Air Defense Artillery School Commandant, Fort Sill, Oklahoma
40 Big sky, little bullet? Air Defense Artillery Purpose:
airspace coordinating measures save lives The Air Defense Artillery Journal serves as a forum for the
By MAJ Michael Nizolak discussions of all U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery professionals,
Active, Reserves and National Guard; disseminates
42 Beyond the surface: Lethal Strike Battalion’s professional knowledge about progress, development and best
EO & SHARP Ambassador Program use in campaigns; cultivates a common understanding of the
By SFC Maria Sandoval and SFC Tami Wentz power, limitations and application of Fires, both lethal and
nonlethal; fosters Fires interdependency among the armed
44 Operation Desperado services, all of which contribute to the good of the Army, joint
By 2LT Samuel Smith and combined forces and our nation. The Air Defense Artillery
46 Training experiences with host nation partners Journal is pleased to grant permission to reprint; please credit
Air Defense Artillery Journal, the author(s) and photographers.
By CPT Brian Trabun
50 A Bandit’s last ride On the cover:
By 1LT T. Dwayne Waldroup-Rodriguez SPC Christopher Bazan, Florida National Guard, 3rd Battalion,
265th Air Defense Artillery Regiment, points the Avenger’s
52 Developing and maintaining clear and simple turret downrange April 20. The unit, along with the Army’s
ADAM/BAE processes and procedures Stinger-Based Systems, used the Eglin Air Force Base range to
By SSG Brian Patterson test fire Stinger missiles from the vehicle.
(U.S. Air Force photo/Samuel King Jr.)
2 • Air Defense Artillery Journal
From the office of the Air Defense Artillery Commandant
The Modernization of Our Branch
BG Richard A. Harrison
O
ur branch has one of the September of FY22. The fourth M-SHORAD Battalion will stand
most important missions up in the fourth quarter of FY23. We will stand up two additional
worldwide, and it is vitally IFPC Battalions in FY25 and FY26. Finally, in FY27 and FY28,
important that we keep up with 2-44th and 5-5th ADA will convert to IFPC Battalions.
an evolving threat to maintain
mission readiness. In my recent While we stand up these new formations and field new
travels to see our units, I witnessed weapon systems, we must also develop the training and doctrine
the promising advancements we for our Leaders and Soldiers at all levels. The current doctrine we
have made as a branch and the talented Soldiers who are tackling are working includes the FM 3-01.44, SHORAD Operations, which
new challenges and the evolving daily threat. Modernization is recently finished worldwide staffing. This doctrine is currently
the cornerstone of the future of our branch! in review and adjudicating comments to provide the best product
possible for our Soldiers. The second manual is TC 3-01.25,
The Army Integrated Air and Missile Defense (AIAMD) program the Iron Dome Handbook. This training circulation is projected
continues to be the top Army AMD modernization priority. completion of a draft for the test unit by mid-September 21.
AIAMD combines current and future AMD sensors and weapons
into a common integrated fire control capability that allows the Our two Iron Dome batteries, G Battery, 55th ADA Regiment
warfighter to integrate AMD capabilities fully across all echelons. and F Battery, 55th ADA Regiment, are both currently serving in
The Integrated Air and Missile Defense Battle Command System our Test Battalion, 3rd Battalion, 43rd ADA Regiment at Fort Bliss,
(IBCS) is the direct replacement for the mission command nodes Texas. The Soldiers assigned to these systems participated in
for the Patriot weapon system, the Terminal High Altitude two Live-Fire Exercises (LFX) this summer. The primary focus
Area Defense (THAAD) weapon system, Army Air and Missile for the LFX was to demonstrate the effectiveness against Cruise
Defense Command Headquarters, Air Defense Artillery Brigade Missiles (CM). Multiple CM engagements were tested in both
Headquarters, and Air Defense Airspace Management cells. of these exercises with overwhelming success! As mentioned
It allows rapid convergence of sensors, shooters, and mission above, the Iron Dome batteries will be assigned to 1-51st ADA
command components on an integrated fire control network. in May of FY22.
Once fully fielded, IBCS will provide a game-changing capability,
allowing AMD forces to be tailored and scaled appropriately to Under the direction of Air and Missile Defense Cross
meet the given threat. The quantity and mix of capabilities can Functional Team (AMD CFT), and the Army Capability Manager,
be dynamically task organized to a formation with an inherent, the first platoon of M-SHORAD (four fire units) was fielded to
integrated mission command system to build tiered and A/5-4th ADA in April 2021.
layered defenses. The IBCS open architecture enables rapid
integration of legacy and developmental sensors and shooters, The Directed Energy (DE) M-SHORAD continues to be
providing capabilities to defeat emerging threats in Multi- developed by the U.S. Army’s Rapid Capabilities and Critical
Domain Operations. The program is on schedule, moving forward. Technologies Office in coordination with the AMD CFT and ADA
This year the IBCS program passed the Milestone C decision, and Branch to quickly develop and test. The DE capability recently
the program will progress to low-rate initial production. went through a combat shoot-off at Fort Sill.
Test Battalion training is currently underway in preparation for
the IBCS Initial Operational Test and Evaluation scheduled to The Army is looking to develop a more capable missile to
begin late this year. take the place of the Stinger. This missile will be developed to
be both a vehicle-launched and man-portable system to be the
Our efforts to drive change are centered on two complementing primary effector on our enduring M-SHORAD weapon system.
priorities: the approved growth of seven active component ADA
Battalions and the development of Maneuver Short-Range Air In closing, it has been a remarkable summer for our branch.
Defense (M-SHORAD) and Indirect Fires Protection Capability The Soldiers who are executing critical Air and Missile Defense
(IFPC) weapon systems. In 2018, we stood up our first of four Missions across the globe are making Air Defense Artillery
active component M-SHORAD Battalions, 5th Battalion, 4th ADA history every day. With the fielding of our new systems, the
Regiment in Germany. Here at Fort Sill, we will activate our growth of our branch is crucial to the success of our evolving
second M-SHORAD Battalion, 4th Battalion, 60th ADA Regiment missions and to the future of the Air Defense Artillery.
next month, followed by our first interim IFPC Battalion (Iron It’s an exciting time to be an Air Defender and a member of this
Dome), 1st Battalion, 51st ADA Regiment at Joint Base Lewis- incredible team!
McChord in May of FY22. The third M-SHORAD Battalion, 6th
Battalion, 56th Regiment, will stand up at Fort Hood, Texas, in “First to Fire!”
2021 Issue 2 • 3
FORT BLISS, Texas – 2LT Devon Moore, 31st Air and Missile Defense Brigade, carries a wounded Soldier during the stress shoot event during Blackjack Best Warrior, May 19 on Fort Bliss. The weeklong Blackjack Best Warrior competition tests Soldiers, in the categories of Soldier, NCO, Officer, Warrant Officer and career counselor, on their intellect, fitness and their understanding of warrior tasks and battle drills. (U.S Army photos by SGT Ian Vega- Cerezo, 32nd Air and Missile Defense Command Public Affairs Office) 4 • Air Defense Artillery Journal
Blackjack Warrior Competition 2021
By SGT Ian Vega-Cerezo
S
oldiers of the 32nd Army Air and Missile Azcona, winner of the Career Counselor category
Defense Command gave their all to find out who proudly serves with 108th Air Defense
who among them was the best of the best Artillery Brigade.
during the Blackjack Warrior Competition,
at McGregor Range, held May 10, 2021. Competitors endured long days in the desert
heat, undertaking everything from the Army
The weeklong, NCO planned-and-led Combat Fitness Test, marksmanship qualifications,
Blackjack Warrior Competition tested 18 a scenario-based training that included an
Soldiers, in the categories of: Junior Enlisted, assault on a village to rescue a wounded Soldier,
Non-Commissioned Officer, Officer, Warrant and a timed response to a Chemical Biological
Officer and Career Counselor, on their intellect, Radiological Nuclear attack.
fitness and understanding of warrior tasks and
battle drills. The stress shoot was the most difficult and
demanding of these tasks. The event challenged
“What qualifies me to be the best career competitors to race across several hundred meters
counselor is my physical fitness, my general of hills to complete a series of tasks that included
Soldier knowledge, and my ability to treating and fireman-carrying a casualty, fixing
communicate effectively,” said SSG Christofer a radio, calling in a nine-line medical evacuation
FORT BLISS, Texas – The winners of the best Warrior Competition from left to right are: Career Counselor of the Year SSG Christofer
Azcona, Soldier of the Year SPC Ryan Carter, 11th ADA Brigade, NCO of the Year SGT Brandon Cormier, 69th Air Defense Artillery
Brigade, Officer of the Year 1LT Sean Kirchner, 108th Air Defense Artillery Brigade, and Warrant Officer of the Year WO Sean Roddick.
(U.S Army photos by SGT Ian Vega-Cerezo, 32nd Air and Missile Defense Command Public Affairs Office)
2021 Issue 2 • 5
FORT BLISS, Texas – SSG Ricco Lizzarraga, 11th Air and Missile Defense Fort Bliss, Texas. – PFC Taylor Sherwood, 108th Air Defense Artillery
Brigade, pulls security during the village assault during Blackjack Best War- Brigade, configures a SINCGARS radio during Blackjack Best Warrior, May
rior, May 18 on Fort Bliss. The weeklong Blackjack Best Warrior competition 19 on Fort Bliss. The weeklong Blackjack Best Warrior competition tests
tests Soldiers, in the categories of Soldier, NCO, Officer, Warrant Officer Soldiers, in the categories of Junior Enlisted, NCO, Officer, Warrant Officer
and career counselor, on their intellect, fitness and their understanding of and career counselor, on their intellect, fitness and their understanding of
warrior tasks and battle drills. (U.S Army photos by SGT Ian Vega-Cerezo, warrior tasks and battle drills. (U.S Army photos by SGT Ian Vega-Cerezo,
32nd Air and Missile Defense Command Public Affairs Office) 32nd Air and Missile Defense Command Public Affairs Office)
report, and lastly engaging a 25-meter target with “There’s a lot of different characteristics about
both an M9 pistol and an M4A1 Carbine. what defines the best warrior,” said CSM Jerry
Jacobitz, command sergeant major, 32nd AAMDC.
“These warrior tasks and battle drills are things “Really what we want to see are Soldiers that build
that we don’t do regularly in the Army,” said WO cohesive teams and are disciplined, physically fit
Sean Roddick, winner of the Warrant Officer Category and well trained.”
and automotive maintenance warrant officer serving
with 11th Air Defense Artillery Brigade. “They’re The previously mentioned winners, SSG Azcona
use-or-lose skills and mastery over them separates and WO Roddick, are joined by the officer of the
you from your peers as a Soldier.” year, 1LT Sean Kirchner, 108th Air Defense Artillery
Brigade, NCO of the year SGT Brandon Cormier,
According to some of the challengers, honing 69th Air Defense Artillery Brigade and Soldier of
those basic skills is the key to success in Blackjack the year SPC Ryan Carter, 11th ADA Brigade.
Warrior.
However, claiming the title of Blackjack Warrior
“The goal is to beat the standard, do everything is just the first step of many for the Best Warrior
I know how to do, and do it right,” said 1LT Jacob challengers who have their work cut out for them
Studdard, 69th Air Defense Artillery Brigade, going forward.
4-5th Air Defense Artillery Regiment. “Even if
your best isn’t as good as someone else’s, as long “The next step for the winners of Blackjack Best
as you’re continually getting better, that’s all you Warrior is to go on to FORSCOM,” said Jacobitz.
can really ask for.” “Whoever wins our Solider and NCO of the year
will go on to compete and represent our command
While the competitors are expected to succeed at the FORSCOM level.”
and excel on their own merits, ultimately, the
competition boils down to teamwork. SGT Ian A. Vega-Cerezo is a public affairs specialist serving
with 32nd AAMDC in Fort Bliss, Texas. Vega-Cerezo has previously
served as an infantryman with the 2-14th Infantry Regiment in
“Teamwork is an important part of being Fort Drum, New York, and as a forward observer with the 100th
the best Soldier because you need to be able to Battalion, 442nd Infantry Regiment. He currently lives with his
wife and three dogs in El Paso, Texas.
effectively communicate with your team to get
the mission done; we work better in groups, not
as a single unit,” said Azcona.
6 • Air Defense Artillery Journal
Military Intelligence in an
Air Defense Artillery battalion
By CPT Amanda Barrett and SGT Nathaniel Taylor
I
ntelligence support to Air Defense Artillery geographic area and the battlefield around it. By
(ADA) units differs vastly from that of the determining the likely adversary courses of action
conventionally supported combat arms units (COAs), their associated branches and sequels,
such as the Infantry, Armor and Field Artillery. and by describing the environment where air
As a member of the Intelligence Section of 3rd and missile defense forces are operating, this
Battalion, 2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment, I AMD IPB process helps the commander and staff
have experienced this difference first hand and selectively apply and maximize available AMD
learned over my tenure as the senior intelligence forces at critical points in time and space on the
officer for the battalion how best to support battlefield. Applied properly, AMD IPB provides
the battalion commander’s intelligence for the timely and effective neutralization and/
requirements while simultaneous or destruction of the aerial and TBM
learning how to bridge my threat, while minimizing the
own knowledge gaps. requirement for friendly AMD
assets.”
The ATP 3-01.16:
the Air and Missile While the majority
Defense (AMD) of the IPB process is
Intelligence unchanged, one will
Preparation of notice that there is
the Battlefield an increased focus
(IPB) serves on TBM and air-
as one of breathing threats
the most (ABT), such
important as fixed-wing
markers (FW) aircraft,
to show rotary-wing
how vastly (RW) aircraft,
different unmanned
intelligence aerial systems
s u p p o r t (UAS), anti-
to ADA is radiation
compared to missiles
other units. (ARMs) and
cruise missiles
ATP3-01,16 (CMs). In order
states, “Air and to develop an
Missile Defense understanding
IPB is a systematic of these threats,
continuous process of a new Intelligence
analyzing the adversary’s Section should
aerial and tactical ballistic reference the
missile (TBM) forces and agencies listed on
environment in a specific the next page:
Graphic by Vecteezy.com
2021
2021
Issue
Issue
2 2
• 7• 7
• Defense Intelligence Agency MSIC, has developed locations of Ballistic Missile
- General Military Intelligence; Operation Areas (BMOA), which have helped
Measurement and Signature Intelligence to shape our understanding of the operational
National Security Agency - Signals footprint of the adversary.
Intelligence; Electronic Intelligence
• National Air and Space Intelligence Center While evaluating the threat, TBMs and ABTs
(NASIC) - TBMs >1000KM in Range and are the main focus. There is a wide range of TBMs
ABT (FW, RW, UAS, CM) currently deployed and available to adversary
• Missile and Space Intelligence Center countries. The first step in narrowing down the
(MSIC) - TBMs
AMD IPB takes a deeper look at the ballistic missile collaborative effort between national agencies
inventory, system capabilities and limitations, and the military. It is recommended that once
and threat systems within a BMOA. intelligence officers arrive to their ADA units,
commanders provide them with the ability to
Despite the fact that these focus areas may interact with national agency partners to develop
seem insignificant on paper, coming into an Air relationships that they will no doubt need once
Defense Artillery unit out of the schoolhouse they arrive in a theater of operations.
left our Intelligence Section ill-prepared for the
mission set—leaving us with a steep learning CPT Amanda Barrett is a military intelligence officer who had
the privilege to serve as the intelligence officer for 3rd Battalion,
curve that we had to grasp very quickly.
2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment for several years. During her
tenure, she completed two drastically different deployments with
In order to provide the proper support to ADA the unit. Her experiences outside of Air Defense led to greater
units, this article recommends the following COAs understanding of threats within the “Lethal Strike” Battalion.
when possible: 1) all newly assigned intelligence
SGT Nathaniel Taylor is a military intelligence all-source
officers and analysts to an Army Air and Missile analyst who served as the primary analyst for 3rd Battalion, 2nd
Defense Command should have the opportunity to Air Defense Artillery Regiment for several years, including two
attend a few key ADA/Intelligence developmental drastically different deployments with the unit.
courses that provide basic understanding on how to
support these units. The courses should include the
MSIC Ballistic Missile Threat Immersion course,
ADA NEWS
…all newly assigned
US Army launches Patriot Missiles during Talisman Saber 21
intelligence officers and By U.S. Army Pacific Public Affairs
Soldiers with 1st Battalion, 1st Air Defense Artillery Regiment, fire the
analysts to an Army Air and MIM-104 Patriot to destroy a drone target July 16, 2021, at Camp Growl
in Queensland, Australia, during Exercise Talisman Sabre 2021. This
is the first time the MIM-104 Patriot has been fired on Australian soil.
Army forces operating in the Indo-Pacific bring a unique blend of key
Missile Defense Command multi-domain capabilities that enable the Joint Force.
U.S. Army Pacific Air and Missile Defense units working with Australian
should have the opportunity Defence Force counterparts completed the first ever Patriot surface-
to-air missile firing on Australian soil during Exercise Talisman Sabre
21 in the Shoalwater Bay Training Area in Queensland, Australia, July
16, 2021.
to attend a few key In the historic first, Soldiers based in Japan and Guam from 38th
Air Defense Artillery Brigade, 94th Army Air and Missile Defense
Command, successfully engaged drone targets with Patriot missiles
ADA/Intelligence as part of TS 21, Australia’s largest military exercise with the U.S.
Australian and U.S. Forces combine biannually for Talisman Sabre - a
developmental courses… key exercise supporting the Indo-Pacific Pathways initiative to advance
a free and open Indo-Pacific by strengthening relationships, building
trust and interoperability among allies and partners.
This year’s iteration involves more than 17,000 participants from
seven nations in a month-long multi-domain exercise, which aims to
the Joint Ballistic Missile Defense Education and strengthen military capabilities to respond to the full range of Indo-
Pacific security concerns.
Training Center, Ballistic Missile Defense Staff
In addition to the U.S. and Australia, this year’s exercise involves
Officer Course, and the newly developed 32nd participating forces from Canada, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of
Korea, and the United Kingdom and delegations from India, Indonesia,
AAMDC ADA Intelligence course offered to newly France, and Germany will observe the exercise.
assigned officers over a two-week period. These The exercise includes force preparation (logistic) activities,
courses offer a solid foundation to intelligence amphibious landings, ground force maneuvers, urban operations, air
combat and maritime operations. Activities will peak from July 18 - 31
officers that may have never served in an ADA across Queensland.
unit before or attended a Missile Defense course. For the latest information visit https://www.dvidshub.net/feature/
TalismanSabre21 https://www1.defence.gov.au/exercises/talisman-
2) The United States Army Intelligence Center of sabre-21
Excellence should dedicate a moderate amount Soldiers with 1st Battalion, 1st Air Defense
of time in the curriculum during BOLC and Artillery Regiment, fire the MIM-104 Patriot
to destroy a drone target July 16, 2021, at
Military Intelligence Career Captain’s Course Camp Growl in Queensland, Australia, during
Exercise Talisman Sabre 2021. This is the first
to teach protection as a warfighting function, time the MIM-104 Patriot has been fired on
Australian soil. Army forces operating in
especially as we transition from COIN to Great the Indo-Pacific bring a unique blend of
key multi-domain capabilities that enable
Power Competition. 3) Lastly, the missile threat the Joint Force. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by
LCpl. Alyssa Chuluda)
that the U.S. military currently faces demands a
2021 Issue 2 • 9
CSM Kellen C. Rowley, 38th Air Defense Artillery Brigade senior enlisted advisor, speaks to the Patriot Master Gunner course class 701-
21 students about the importance of the knowledge the course offers during a visit at Kadena Air Base, Japan, April 29. The Patriot
Master Gunner Course was held in Japan for the first time from April 19 to June 28, 2021.
Patriot Master Gunner Course held
in Japan for the first time
By SGT Raquel Birk
T
he Patriot Master Gunner “To be a Master Gunner this course is an indicator to
Course (PMG) was held in means you are a technical and commanders and Soldiers to
Japan for the first time. tactical expert,” said CSM heed your advice regarding
Kellen C. Rowley, 38th Air training and employment of Air
Air Defenders across the Defense Artillery Brigade senior Defense systems.”
Indo-Pacific region gained enlisted advisor, in his remarks
an advanced understanding during a class visit. “Patriot The course is demanding and
of Air Defense operations, Master Gunners are trained in critical for Air Defenders around
standards, and doctrine during methodology. You are expected the world. This class consists of
PMG class 701-21 hosted by the to know the standard and be the students from the 94th Army Air
1st Battalion, 1st Air Defense person in your unit to enforce and Missile Defense Command,
Artillery Regiment at Kadena it and make sure that teams Hawaii; 38th Air Defense
Air Base from April 19 to June are qualifying correctly. The Artillery Brigade, Japan; 35th
28, 2021. badge you earn after completing Air Defense Artillery Brigade,
10 • Air Defense Artillery JournalRepublic of Korea; 1-1st ADA, Patriot fire control enhanced examinations, and practical
Okinawa, Japan; 14th Missile operator, Battery D, 1-1st ADA. exercises, to evaluate their skills,
Defense Battery, Kyotango, “We are currently on cycling knowledge, and attributes.
Japan; and Echo Battery, Air missions and it’s important
Defense Artillery Regiment, to have the readiness of our “The goal is for the students
Guam, who will directly enhance Soldiers at the highest level to successfully graduate the
the knowledge, training and possible and for them to possess course and be able to provide
expertise of Air Defense the expert skills necessary to their commander with the tools
operations in the Pacific region maintain a free and open Indo- necessary to train Soldiers the
upon graduation. Pacific region.” correct way which coincides
with the commander’s intent,”
“I’m attending the PMG course The PMG course not only said SFC Gregorio Estrada,
to gain a level of knowledge to develops expert skills, but it also PMG lead instructor from 3rd
take back to my unit and push provides a comprehensive under- Battalion, 6th Air Defense
my Soldiers to the envelope, standing of operations, planning, Artillery Regiment, located at
get them ready and trained and airspace management. The Fort Sill, Oklahoma. “They will
to defend our mission here course challenges Air Defender be Master Gunners, subject-
in Japan,” said SSG Roberto competencies using realistic matter experts who people look
Maldonado, PMG student and scenarios, hands-on training, to when they need to know what
SFC Gregorio Estrada, Patriot Master Gunner Course lead instructor from 3rd Battalion, 6th Air Defense Artillery Regiment located
at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, guides SSG Shane Viernum, Patriot fire control enhanced operator with 94th Army Air and Missile Defense
Command, through a class assignment during the PMG couse at Kadena Air Base, Japan, April 29. The Patriot Master Gunner Course
was held in Japan for the first time. Air Defenders across the Indo-Pacific region gain an advanced understanding of Air Defense
operations, standards, and doctrine during PMG class 701-21 hosted by the 1st Battalion, 1st Air Defense Artillery Regiment at Kadena
Air Base from April 19 to June 28, 2021.
2021 Issue 2 • 11resilience, and optimize human
performance.”
Historically, the average
graduation rate for the PMG
course is about 65% according
to PMG instructors. Experts hope
to improve the graduation rate
with PMG Class 701-21 taking
advantage of this resource.
“Academic support is
available anywhere the 32 R2
sites are located, not only for
Master Gunner courses, but any
Army education training,” said
Gallagher. “Our Japan offices
at Camp Zama and Tori Station
SSG Roberto Maldonado, Patriot Master Gunner course student and Patriot fire control recently opened January 2021,
enhanced operator, Battery D, 1st Battalion, 1st Air Defense Artillery Regiment, works and we are excited to serve the
through his classroom studies during the PMG course at Kadena Air Base, Japan, April Soldiers here in Japan for the
29. Air Defenders across the Indo-Pacific region gained an advanced understanding
first time ever.”
of Air Defense operations, standards, and doctrine during PMG class 701-21 hosted by
the 1st Battalion, 1st Air Defense Artillery Regiment at Kadena Air Base from April 19 to
June 28, 2021. By course end, students
are required to design and
right looks like and provide the Hennig. “We provide customized implement defense architecture
right answers.” performance training that to employ Air Defense weapon
enables Soldiers to sustain systems using the strategies
To counter the course load and personal readiness, enhance of the contemporary operating
rigorous academic demands of
the PMG course, instructors James Gallagher and Jenny Hennig, both Master Resiliency Trainer performance experts
with the U.S. Army Japan Ready and Resilient Performance Center work with Patriot
have partnered up with one of Master Gunner course students regularly to maximize their study habits and knowledge
the newest services also being retainability to counter the rigorous course load and increase their chances of passing. To
provided in Japan for the first counter the course load and rigorous academic demands of the PMG course, instructors
partnered up with one of the newest services also being provided in Japan for the first
time -- the U.S. Army Japan’s time, the USARJ R2PC.
(USARJ) Ready and Resilient
Performance Center (R2PC).
James Gallagher and Jenny
Hennig, both Master Resiliency
Trainer performance experts
with USARJ’s R2PC at Okinawa,
work with PMG students
regularly to maximize their
study habits and knowledge
retainability to counter the
rigorous course load and
increase their chances of
passing.
“We are here as an extra
resource to Soldiers during
breaks and lunch to assess and
enhance their study habits,” said
12 • Air Defense Artillery Journalenvironment, such as Airspace and discuss the operations they professional development of our
Management, Operations, review in class.” noncommissioned officers. Even
Planning, and Evaluation, plus more important to the readiness
identify the tasks to employ the The 94th AAMDC, the higher of their units. Good luck to you
Patriot weapon system and fire headquarters to all units in all. I want to see you all at the
the Patriot missile. attendance and course sponsor, graduation ceremony! First Line
is optimistic about the future of of Defense!”
“As part of the course, the Air Defense in the region.
Air Defenders will conduct a SGT Raquel Birk is currently the public
affairs noncommissioned officer for 38th
block of instruction on Patriot “[We] appreciate all the Air Defense Artillery Brigade at Sagami
Missile Reload,” said Estrada. support getting the PMG-MTT General Depot, Japan. She previously served
“As a Master Gunner, part of [Mobile Training Team] into as command information manager for
2nd Infantry Division/ROK-U.S. Combined
the training is to learn how to Japan,” said CSM Neil Sartain, Division at Camp Humphreys, Republic
train and evaluate crews and 94th AAMDC senior enlisted of Korea. She received a Master of Arts
this provides the opportunity advisor in a statement on Twitter. in Sociology from St. John’s University,
to watch the crew team in action “It is so very important to the Jamaica, New York.
2021 Issue 2 • 13Training with industry:
Letterkenny Army Depot
Serving with the organic industrial base
By CW3 Robert T. Brower
As
the second Air and Missile Defense specific processes for production. Additionally,
systems technician with Letterken- I would ask the technicians for their insight into
ny Army Depot (LEAD), I have been repair actions, preventative measures and lead
extremely grateful for the experi- time for resources. This allowed me to mind map
ence. For the majority of my career, the purpose the process and how it affects the warfighter.
or support by the depot was a bit vague outside While serving with the Directorate of Missile and
of reset or recapitalization efforts for the Patri- Aerospace Readiness, I was allowed to participate
ot missile system. I was lucky enough to have a in the testing of the PAC-2 missile and assisted
predecessor who developed a strong baseline for with the re-caning of two recertified missiles.
the Training with Industry (TWI) program and I I was afforded the chance to participate in var-
took advantage of every possible venture to ious other procedures that support asset
imbed myself within LEAD operations readiness in expeditionary conditions.
and planning. Overall, this was a Toward the end of my tour with
position that offered a bounty TWI, two ADA battalions were
of opportunities to learn best scheduled and inducted into
practices and processes the reset program. Officials
from technicians that are within the Theater Missile
elbow deep in the equip- Systems Division sought
ment every day. Not only out my collaboration
did LEAD management to develop inspection
officials allow me to sit guides for equipment
in on strategic planning readiness based on
and various production the Army 10/20 main-
meetings, they also tenance standard. If I
sought input from me to learned anything from
include the thoughts and working with the LEAD
concerns from a warfight- team, it would be that any
er’s perspective. Above all process can be improved if
else, the LEAD team strives to the innovation is there.
share everything they can with
the operational force. It was edi- A large portion of my expe-
fying to see their efforts to collaborate rience included understanding the
with Army Aviation and Missile Command, organic industrial base and how it oper-
Army Capability Managers and Program Office ates. Because LEAD is not funded like a traditional
Missiles and Space to provide support operations Army base, any and all business conducted for
for the Air Defense community both in the con- production or services rendered directly impacts
tinental United States and outside contiguous operations support for the base and its tenants.
United States. As part of LEAD’s commitment to the Lean Six
Sigma principles, they hold meetings such as
Routinely, I would spend anywhere from two demand and supply analysis. These meetings
to four weeks within a given commodity shop or were eye opening to the business practices of the
production area. During this time, I would famil- depot and their analytical metrics used for fore-
iarize myself with the depot procedures governing casting based off of trends. With that said, LEAD
14 • Air Defense Artillery Journalis committed to developing their technicians and knowledge of the relationships between the vari-
associates through industry-recognized training. ous agencies that serve the Air Defense community
Whether it is technical training such as wiring and is something that will definitely benefit any AMD
terminal board soldering certifications or project system technician as part of professional devel-
management training, LEAD is avid in their pursuit opment. I know that future candidates will only
to foster a workforce of emergent professionals. continue to improve upon the program and bring
As part of their dedication, LEAD management an onset of changes that result in a community
saw to it that I was afforded the opportunity of warrant officers that are erudite in their skills.
to attend these training courses and supported It is key to remember that we are all life-long
online studying in focus areas such as business learners in the military, and as industry changes
analysis and systems acquisitions. It made it a so does the way we maintain the fight.
lot easier to participate in working groups when
CW3 Robert T. Brower hails from El Paso, Texas, and enlisted in
I was able to speak in the right terms afforded to the Army as a 14T Patriot Launching Station Enhanced Operator/
me by this training. Maintainer in November 2006. Brower has served on multiple
assignments within the Air Defense community including AMD
Outside of the consummate work the tech- systems technician for the 12th Missile Defense Battery in CENTCOM.
nicians at LEAD perform, it is their breadth of His most recent assignment was the AMD systems technician for
knowledge of the systems they support that is tru- Alpha Battery, 2nd ADA Regiment (THAAD) at Fort Bliss, Texas. His
deployments include Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation
ly astonishing. While serving with the LEAD team, Spartan Shield.
it is remarkable to witness how dedicated they are
to meet warfighter expectations. There were many
instances where I approached technicians during
troubleshooting and they shared repair measures ADA NEWS
If I learned anything from Missile Defense becomes part of great power competition
By Jim Garamone, reporter with the U.S. Department of Defense.
working with the LEAD All aspects of the military are engaged in great power competition,
but while most analysts focus on developments in offensive missiles,
team, it would be that any Chinese and Russian defense leaders are developing even more
capable missile defenses, Defense Department officials said.
process can be improved if ‘’China and Russia are developing increasingly capable and numerous
missile defense systems, and integrating them into their defense
strategies as they compete with the United States,’’ a DOD official said.
the innovation is there. The United States pioneered missile defense systems. Then-
President Ronald Reagan proposed missile defense systems in the
early 1980s. His ‘’Strategic Defense Initiative’’ was dubbed the ‘’Star
that explicated beyond the technical manual while Wars Initiative’’ — sometimes derisively.
still not violating maintenance allocation chart The laughing stopped during Operation Desert Storm, when Patriot
missile defense batteries based in Saudi Arabia and Israel stopped
guidance. The team at LEAD was quick to provide Iraqi Scud missile attacks.
me with any information I requested in order Russia is a long-time player. The former Soviet Union created a ring
to facilitate my learning experience or inform of anti-ballistic missile batteries around Moscow during the Cold War.
These nuclear-tipped missiles still exist as part of Russia’s A-135 anti-
units of capabilities. There have been multiple ballistic missile system. The system consists of 68 nuclear-armed
instances where LEAD sought out opportunities interceptors. As part of President Vladimir Putin’s military buildup, the
system has received new radars and updated electronics. The beauty
to showcase a skill or ability that eased the strain of this system is that the Russians have only to be close to an incoming
threat. The downside is radiation from an intercept would contaminate
of operations for the end user. During my tenure thousands of acres of countryside.
here at LEAD, I attended the AMCOM 101 virtual
The Russians are getting ready to field the S-500 system. Designed
event and two ADA Sustainment Forums. Events to intercept short- to medium-range threats, they say the system will
like these are phenomenal to sit in on with the defend against ballistic, cruise and hypersonic missiles. The system’s
initial operating capability is set for some time in 2025.
knowledge I learned at the depot. They served as
The other main threat comes from the People’s Republic of China. The
a full-spectrum experience, tying together war- Chinese see missile defense as a key cog in their military ambitions.
fighter concerns, future concepts and systems The People’s Liberation Army Air Force is accelerating the transition
of its tasks from territorial Air Defense to both offensive and defensive
and support planning as part of the life cycle operations, according to a Chinese white paper on the subject. China’s
air force is also improving its capabilities for strategic early warning, air
management for Air Defense systems. strikes, and air and missile defense.
Overall, this year’s training at Letterkenny has Right now, the Chinese are heavily dependent on Russian missile
defense capabilities. The Chinese have invested in the Russian S-300
been memorable and informative. My newfound
Continued on page 17
2021 Issue 2 • 15Avenger weapon system in support of CJTF-OIR. (Photo credit: Public Domain)
Operational assessment
of Joint Integrated Air and Missile Defense in Iraq - “Max Protect”
By CW4 Noel Del Real
T
he execution of IAMD studied their mission command positive and procedural controls
in Iraq by 11th ADA processes, systems, and to synchronize multi-tiered
BDE is a “microcosm procedures. The 11th ADA BDE defense with Patriot, Avenger,
of the future of Army OPT returned to Fort Bliss, Texas, Sentinel radars, Counter-Rocket,
Integrated Air and Missile base and provided 2nd Battalion, 43rd Artillery and Mortar (C-RAM),
defense that should be studied ADA the playbook labeled Max and non-kinetic Counter-
and implement immediately.”- Protect for integrating multiple Unmanned Aerial Systems
LTG Leopoldo (Lee) Quintas, Jr., IAMD weapon systems as they (C-UAS) to neutralize and defeat
USA, DCG FORSCOM prepared to deploy in support indirect fire, UAS, cruise missiles
of U. S. Central Command and tactical ballistic missiles.
In January 2020, an (USCENTCOM) requirements Most importantly, 2-43rd ADA
Operational Planning Team (OPT) and Operation Inherent Resolve BN would need to educate the
from 11th Air Defense Artillery, (OIR). The OPT determined base commanders and their
Imperial Brigade, addressed that in order to efficiently and staffs on how to successfully
the complexities of integrating effectively defend a singular defend against different types
multiple IAMD platforms asset, there were several actions of threats that include tactical
collocated in defense of a singular that needed to take place. The ballistic missiles, cruise missiles,
asset. The OPT traveled to the 2-43rd ADA BN would need to indirect fire and unmanned aerial
National Capital Region and finalize full integration and systems.
16 • Air Defense Artillery JournalIn June of 2020, I joined the The battalion created established in order to maintain
OPT and visited 2-43rd ADA BN and implemented a Patriot older SHORAD equipment as it
in Iraq to assess operations. The Coordination Cell that allowed makes its way back into the fight.
team identified that progress the BDOC to quickly determine
had been made to integrate the the identification of non- The United States Army Air
Patriot air and missile defense friendly tracks and determine Defense Artillery School should
weapon system with Avengers, the kinetic options per the local consider implementing the
Sentinel radars, and C-RAM into TTPs. Sensor data with Joint most recent lessons learned
the local and the USCENTCOM Data Network designation is from Iraq into its Professional
Joint Kill Chain. One thing that now shared locally using the Military Education and functional
was missing was the tactical and Forward Area Air Defense (FAAD) courses to include the Pre-
technical integration of kinetic Command and Control Intra- Command Course, Captains
kill systems with the non- FAAD network, between multiple Career Course, Warrant Officer
kinetic, C-UAS. C-RAM locations using the Intra- Advanced Courses, and Avenger
FAAD Forward Operating Base and Patriot Master Gunner. The
The lack of C-UAS inter- network, and across the wider students should study the risks
operability with limited Patriot area of responsibility using the and mitigations associated with
and Avenger integration resulted Multi-TDL Network. The 11th JIAMD and be tested on their
in ineffective and inefficient ADA Brigade and 2-43rd ADA understanding of engagement
asset defense. Local Tactics, BN worked in sync with CJTF- operations and force operations.
Techniques and Procedures OIR and 2nd Brigade Combat The Patriot Top Gun and Air
(TTPs) were not fully developed Team, 82nd Airborne Division, Defense Artillery Fire Control
to maximize the effectiveness and developed and implemented Officer courses follow this
of multiple weapon systems. airspace control measures, TTPs, model and have been extremely
Airspace Control Measures were and pre-planned responses beneficial to the U.S. Army and
not consistently implemented as they worked toward full the Joint Force.
or utilized by the local base implementation of Max Protect.
commander, Patriot, Avenger CW4 Noel Del Real, is the Top Notch
standardization officer for 11th ADA Brigade.
or Sentinel. Data sharing was Once implemented, the Max
limited to the Patriot Infor- Protect concept was critical to the
mation Coordination Central
and its local fire units. Most
defense of Al Assad Air Base and
Erbil Air Base against indirect fire
ADA NEWS
importantly to note, there was (IDF). During and after IDF events,
Continued from page 15
a lack of physical presence by the base commanders were able to
AMD experts in the Base Defense control and direct base defense and S-400 systems – missile defense
capabilities. The Chinese are assiduously
Operations Center (BDOC) to systems to ensure Soldiers were studying the problem and have invested in
advise the base commander protected. The concept allowed research to build their own capabilities, DOD
officials said.
and develop their situational base commanders, through their
awareness. BDOCs, to neutralize enemy This includes the HQ-19 missile defense
system, which could be used against
threats using both kinetic and incoming, medium-range ballistic missiles.
Once the deficiencies were non-kinetic air defense systems. Initial operating capability is set for next year.
identified, 2-43rd ADA Battalion China is also developing a mid-course
quickly moved toward full As the requirement for IAMD interceptor. The Chinese government said
they tested that capability in February 2018.
integration. Within weeks, grows across the combatant U.S. officials say initial operating capability is
2-43rd ADA BN achieved Max commands, it is important to not likely until the late-2020s. They anticipate
it would have good capability against
Protect with full AMD integration remember the costs associated intermediate-range ballistic missiles and
in Iraq. The battalion assumed with organizing Patriot, Short- could be adapted to target intercontinental
s and submarine-launched ballistic missiles.
an advisory role to the base Range Air Defense (SHORAD)
commanders and educated and C-UAS systems on the The United States homeland’s missile
defense system is in place to defend against
their staffs on AMD system same asset. One such cost is the accidental launches or attacks from rogue
capabilities and limitations, TTP sustainment requirement of states such as Iran and North Korea. Unlike
Russia, the U.S. uses non-nuclear ‘’kinetic kill’’
implementation, and positive Class IX repair parts and enablers vehicles, which destroy incoming warheads
and procedural controls. needed to maintain the systems. using their speed and mass to collide with
the threat.
Logistical chains must be
2021 Issue 2 • 17Battery command philosophy:
“Leadership simplicity is the key”
By CPT Nathan Gibbs
B
attery command is a humbling experience. My command philosophy is quite simple;
It has pushed me to self-reflect often to one page long to be exact. I’ve seen command
ensure I am being the best possible leader philosophies that span two to three or more pages,
to those within my formation. It forces but the truth is Soldiers are less likely to read a
you to examine and re-examine your leadership drawn out document. In my opinion, concise but
philosophy on a regular basis to make sure you are effective communication is key. My philosophy
not only leading with integrity but also growing lists six fundamental expectations so my team
in your perspective. My command philosophy understands left and right limits. Placing your left
is one of the documents I use to both define the and right limits/key points up front and sharing
principles I would like my team to apply in all your command philosophy early on as part of
aspects of daily operations and as my personal initial counseling is helpful to building trust
azimuth check. among your subordinates. Easily understood
Patriot exercise, Sept. 23, 2020. (Photo by Ygal Kaufman, Fort Sill PAO Office)
18 • Air Defense Artillery Journaland articulated expectations lead to empowered correct said mistakes, and provide guidance to
subordinate leaders, and directly, mission reach desired expectations if warranted. As such,
accomplishment. I embedded these same principles into my own
philosophy. When I started my career, I thought
The foundational aspect of my command I could accomplish anything and everything
philosophy is my personal leadership philosophy. without assistance. What I did not realize was
In my short eight-year Army career, I have found this philosophy was not obtainable. I learned that
even Superman had the Justice League to help
and that I needed to get better at empowering
In my opinion, concise my team. Retaining key information and tasks
at your level does not improve the organization.
but effective Delegation of these tasks to the most junior Soldier
ensures ownership of the mission and its required
communication is key. tasks. Delegation ensures that the mission is
completed effectively and efficiently. You cannot
that my leadership philosophy changes as I grow. accomplish everything on your own, but, as a
I take lessons learned and best practices gained team, you can accomplish anything. In order to
from each assignment to help me better lead in capture lessons learned if course correction is
the next. I reflect on actions taken by leaders needed, I immediately step in to provide teaching
I have worked with to understand what drove via personal experience, and if necessary informal/
their actions and try to emulate the best of what formal counseling. Furthermore, lessons learned
also build upon unit successes to improve unit
operations and tactics, techniques and procedures.
Delegation of these tasks
Thank you for this opportunity to share a few
to the most junior Soldier highlights and lessons learned over the past eight
years in the Air Defense Branch. I encourage
ensures ownership of the current platoon leaders and executive officers
to start pondering, and developing their own
mission and its leadership philosophy. By no means is my
philosophy perfect, however it has worked
required tasks. well for me. I only ask that you think about my
approach, and integrate some, all, or even none
I have seen. Compassionate leadership has of my approach. Developing your own leadership
driven many of my principles and philosophy. philosophy and style will serve you well as you
Simply put, being human, approachable, and continue your careers.
taking a personal approach has guided me well
during the past eight years. When I address my “Cobra Strike” “By the Horns”
Soldiers, I let them know that although we may
CPT Nathan Gibbs is a native of Gallipolis, Ohio, but resides in
El Paso, Texas, with his wife, Samantha Martinez-Gibbs and son,
Delegation ensures that Jacob Gibbs. He is a graduate of Virginia Military Institute with
a bachelor’s degree in Chemistry and Drexel University with a
master’s degree in Biomedical Science. CPT Gibbs is assigned
the mission is completed to B Battery, 1st Battalion, 43rd Air Defense Artillery as battery
commander.
effectively and efficiently.
have different ranks and responsibilities, I am a
person just like them. This personal and involved
leadership style is natural to me, and one I quickly
adopted and retained. Furthermore, I expect my
subordinates to make mistakes, and I accept that
risk. I am fortunate to have had leaders who
allowed me to make mistakes, figure out how to
2021 Issue 2 • 19Spinning plates: Air Defense brigade
staffs and the theater fight
By COL Glenn A. Henke
A
ir Defense Artillery The first role is the deputy The third theater-level
brigades often execute area Air Defense commander role is the senior Army ADA
theater-level roles on (DAADC). This is a joint role, commander. Much like the
a limited or enduring defined in Joint Publication (JP) TAAMDCOORD, this is an Army
basis. Doctrine acknowledges 3-01, Countering Air and Missile role, defined in ATP 3-01.15, and
this situation, noting that the Threats. As the name implies, the executed in support of the ARFOR
ADA brigade commander can DAADC serves as a deputy to the or JFLCC commanders. While
execute these duties when an area Air Defense commander, many of the responsibilities
Army Air and Missile Defense normally the joint functional defined in doctrine overlap
Command (AAMDC) is not air component commander. with the TAAMDCOORD, the
present. The challenge for Practically speaking, the DAADC critical difference is that this is
brigade staffs is how to help is the primary advisor on ballistic a command role with command
their commander manage missile defense (BMD) when the authorities. The TAAMDCOORD
these responsibilities while Army has the preponderance normally does not exercise
wearing different hats for of theater BMD capabilities. decision-making authority,
multiple bosses. While an The DAADC also advises the while a senior Air Defense
AAMDC is designed to execute AADC on all Army capabilities commander will normally be
these roles, an ADA brigade is supporting the offensive and delegated certain authorities
not resourced to support these defensive counterair fight. consistent with command.
responsibilities. These responsibilities include
planning, advising on weapons A quick review of these roles
This article is intended to assist control status and posture, and outlined in Figure 1 shows
ADA brigade staffs in support integrating Army capabilities obvious overlap between the
of their commanders when the into the defensive counterair roles, which is why the same
brigade finds itself executing framework. commander normally executes
these specific roles. Army these duties. Different theaters
Techniques Publication (ATP) The second theater-level
can vary widely in how units
3-01.7 and ATP 3-01.15 remain role is the theater Army Air
execute these roles based on
the definitive doctrinal sources. and Missile Defense coordinator
the specific operation plan
Chapter 2 of ATP 3-01.94 also (TAAMDCOORD). This is an Army
(OPLAN) and steady state
provides an AAMDC-level role, defined in ATP 3-01.15,
operations. In many cases,
perspective that is directly executed for the Army Forces
these responsibilities change
applicable to brigade staffs. (ARFOR) or Joint Functional
during a transition to crisis. The
Land Component Command
obvious overlap is why these
The three roles (JFLCC) commanders (or
roles are combined, but the
both). As TAAMDCOORD, the
Staffs must understand roles themselves are not entirely
brigade commander functions
the three theater-level roles clear-cut at times.
as a special staff officer to
potentially performed by a the ARFOR or JFLCC, advising Not listed as a formal role is
brigade commander. Staffs the commander and staffs on that of brigade commander. For
must be ready to support AMD capabilities, plans and staffs, it is sometimes helpful to
their commander executing operations. The TAAMDCOORD think of this as an Army-specific
these roles and the specific supports planning efforts role executed for the ARFOR
headquarters these roles and integrates Army AMD commander and focused on those
support. capabilities into the offensive forces under the operational
and defensive counterair plans. control (OPCON) of the brigade.
20 • Air Defense Artillery JournalDeputy Area Air Defense Theater Army Air & Missile Senior Army ADA Commander finding and destroying enemy
Commander (DAADC) Defense Coordinator
(TAAMDCOORD) • Serves as single point of ballistic missile capabilities “left
• Integrates ground-based,
• Special staff officer for AMD to
contact for ARMY AMD in
theater
of launch.” The idea behind
active defense Army, joint, and
multinational AMD forces into ARFOR CDR and/or JFLCC • Commands all assigned ADA attack operations is to kill the
DCA plans and operations • Assists in developing Army
OCA and DCA input to air
forces archer so you don’t have to kill
• Advises AADC on weapons • Leads operational planning for
control procedures and operations plans, including protection of JFC and ARFOR the arrow (active defense). Unlike
recommended or implemented support to targeting process CDR’s priorities and develops
ROE, ACMs, ADWCs, WCS, and • Recommends Army critical AMD annex for ARFOR/JFLCC
an AAMDC, brigades cannot
EMCON measures asset priorities, ADA force
priorities, and resource
plans easily support this mission area
• Convenes AMD prioritization • Ensures organic, assigned,
and coordination boards allocations in support of JFC’s
and supporting ADA units
without augmentation. A close
AMD concept
• Assists AADC with AADP
• Ensures AMD requirements are
accomplish AMD objectives relationship with the battlefield
development in support of JFC and ARFOR
• Advises AADC on Army,
integrated into joint counterair CDR’s CONOPS coordination detachment can
and Army AMD planning
joint, and multinational AMD
• Facilitates sustainment support
• Establishes priorities for
logistical support to all ADA
partially mitigate this until an
capabilities and operations
for Army AMD operations in the
theater
units AAMDC or augmentation arrives.
Graphic adapted from JP 3-01 (Countering Air and Missile Threats), ATP 3-01.15
Figure 1 Beyond the operational
(Multi-service TTP for AMD), and ATP 3-01.94 (AAMDC Operations).
elements, staffs must
understand the structure and
This is a “down-and-in” role, to differentiate from theater- framework for theater-level
whereas the theater-level roles level functions and brigade-level AMD decision-making. This
are focused “up-and-out.” functions. framework can vary widely
The challenge for staffs is the between theaters but is typically
natural tendency to focus on the Active defense is the practical
business of planning and codified in the Area Air Defense
brigade commander role at the Plan, sometimes in a separate
expense of the theater roles. This executing AMD operations.
This includes all engagement authority matrix. At a minimum,
requires that staffs develop a the decision framework should
theater perspective. This role operations and force operations.
Passive defense normally include which decisions are
overlaps almost entirely with retained or delegated during
senior ADA commander until encompasses everything
associated with disseminating different phases of OPLAN
an AAMDC commander assumes execution. A notional example is
those duties. shared early warning at the
theater level. Although not included in Figure 2. Staffs must
defined doctrinally, passive understand which decisions
The theater perspective the brigade commander
defense normally includes
How does a brigade staff survivability operations and makes as the DAADC, senior
develop a theater-level chemical defense for AMD ADA commander, and brigade
perspective? Staffs must units. The mission command commander. The TAAMDCOORD
understand how the theater fight operational element covers the will not typically have decision-
works and how the brigade staff command and control networks making authority unless
fits into each of the roles. The required to execute force specifically delegated by the
easiest way is to consider theater operations and engagement ARFOR or JFLCC commanders.
operations in terms of the four operations. In many cases, commanders will
operational elements, theater- decide when to make specific
level decision-making, and Attack operations includes recommendations to a decision-
multinational considerations. everything associated with maker, like the AADC or JFC. An
Figure 2
The four operational
elements of theater AMD (also DAADC/ Senior ADA
Decision JFC AADC JFLCC
known as the four “pillars” of TAAMDCOORD CDR
AMD) defined in ATP 3-01.94 CAL Approval Decision Recommendation
DAL Approval Decision Recommendation Recommendation
provide a helpful framework. Delegated to
Interceptor reallocation Decision
The operational elements Senior ADA CDR
Weapons Control Status Delegated to
are active defense, passive (WCS) DAADC
Decision
defense, attack operations and TBM ID & Engagement Delegated to BN
Authority ICC
mission command. Staffs can Delegated to
ABT Engagement Authority
use the operational elements SADC
2021 Issue 2 • 21You can also read
