X16 SATA Product Manual - Standard 512E* models - Seagate
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X16 SATA Product Manual
Standard Self-Encrypting
512E* models 512E* models
ST16000NM001G ST16000NM003G
ST14000NM001G ST14000NM003G
ST12000NM001G ST12000NM003G
ST10000NM001G ST10000NM003G
* Default configuration is 512E for 512E / 4KN drives.
See Section 2.2.1 to Fast Format to 4KN in seconds
100845789, Rev. J
July 2020Document Revision History
Revision Date Pages affected and Description of changes
Rev. A 04/10/2019 Initial release.
Corrected all section numbering
Rev. B 04-25-2019 8: Updated Vibration specifications
17: Updated Section 2.6.4 Shock and Vibration
Rev. C 05-21-2019 8 & 17: Updated Operating & Non-Operating shock statements.
Rev. D 07/10/2019 7 & 11: Corrected Areal density to 1028 Gb/in2
fc, 5, 7-9, 34 & 47: Added 12TB & 10TB models and specifications
Rev. E 09/23/2019 13-14: Added 12TB & 10TB DC power tables
Rev. F 09/27/2019 7 & 11: Added Sustained data transfer rates for 12TB & 10TB models
8: Corrected gradients for temperature & humidity
Rev. G 01/22/2020 22: Replaced Regulatory Compliance and Safety information with URL and instructions
12-14: Removed Peak DC Start current Watts
Rev. H) 04/03/2020 bc: Updated Americas address to Fremont location.
Rev. J 07/08/2020 11: Revised Section 2.4 Start/Stop time
© 2020 Seagate Technology LLC. All rights reserved.
Publication number: 100845789, Rev. J July 2020
Seagate, Seagate Technology and the Spiral logo are registered trademarks of Seagate Technology LLC in the United States and/or other countries. Raid Rebuild and SeaTools are either
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No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission of Seagate Technology LLC.
Call 877-PUB-TEK1 (877-782-8351) to request permission.
When referring to drive capacity, one gigabyte, or GB, equals one billion bytes and one terabyte, or TB, equals one trillion bytes. Your computer’s operating system may use a different
standard of measurement and report a lower capacity. In addition, some of the listed capacity is used for formatting and other functions, and thus will not be available for data storage.
Actual quantities will vary based on various factors, including file size, file format, features and application software. Actual data rates may vary depending on operating environment
and other factors. The export or re-export of hardware or software containing encryption may be regulated by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security (for
more information, visit www.bis.doc.gov), and controlled for import and use outside of the U.S. Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product offerings or specifications.Contents
Seagate® Technology Support Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.1 About the Serial ATA interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.0 Drive specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1 Specification summary tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Formatted capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2.1 Fast Format - logical sector size conversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2.2 LBA mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3 Recording and interface technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.4 Start/stop times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.5 Power specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.5.1 Power consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.5.2 Conducted noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.5.3 Voltage tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.5.4 Extended Power Conditions - PowerChoice™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.6 Environmental limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.6.1 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.6.2 Humidity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.6.3 Effective Altitude (sea level) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.6.4 Shock and Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.7 Acoustics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.8 Test for Prominent Discrete Tones (PDTs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.9 Electromagnetic immunity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.10 Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.10.1 Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) and Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.11 HDD and SSD Regulatory Compliance and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.11.1 Regulatory Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.12 Corrosive environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.13 Reference documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.14 Product warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 2Contents
3.0 Configuring and mounting the drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.1 Handling and static-discharge precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.2 Configuring the drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3 Serial ATA cables and connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.4 Drive mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.4.1 Mechanical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.0 About self-encrypting drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.1 Data encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.2 Controlled access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.2.1 Admin SP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.2.2 Locking SP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.2.3 Default password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.3 Random number generator (RNG). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.4 Drive locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.5 Data bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.6 Cryptographic erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.7 Authenticated firmware download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.8 Power requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.9 Supported commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.10 RevertSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.11 ATA Security Erase Unit Command on SED SATA drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.12 Sanitize Device - CRYPTO SCRAMBLE EXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.0 Serial ATA (SATA) interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.1 Hot-Plug compatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.2 Serial ATA device plug connector pin definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.3 Supported ATA commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.3.1 Identify Device command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5.3.2 Identify Device Data log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.3.3 Device Statistics log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.3.4 Set Features command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5.3.5 S.M.A.R.T. commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 3Seagate® Technology Support Services For Seagate Product Support, visit: https://www.seagate.com/support For Seagate Compliance, Safety, and Disposal, visit: https://www.seagate.com/support For Firmware Download and Tools Download for Secure Erase, visit: https://www.seagate.com/support/downloads/ For information regarding online support and services, visit: http://www.seagate.com/contacts/ For information regarding Warranty Support, visit: http://www.seagate.com/support/warranty-and-replacements/ For information regarding data recovery services, visit: http://www.seagate.com/services-software/recover/ For Seagate OEM and Distribution partner and Seagate reseller portal, visit: http://www.seagate.com/partners Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 4
www.seagate.com Introduction
1.0 Introduction
This manual describes the functional, mechanical and interface specifications for the following:
Seagate® Exos® X16 SATA drive models.
Table 1: Models
512E models
Standard Self-Encryption
ST16000NM001G ST16000NM003G
ST14000NM001G ST14000NM003G
ST12000NM001G ST12000NM003G
ST10000NM001G ST10000NM003G
These drives provide the following key features:
256 MB data buffer.
7200 RPM spindle speed.
Full-track multiple-sector transfer capability without local processor intervention.
High instantaneous (burst) data-transfer rates (up to 600MB per second).
Native Command Queuing with command ordering to increase performance in demanding applications.
PowerChoice™ for selectable power savings
Perpendicular recording technology provides the drives with increased areal density.
SeaTools™ diagnostic software performs a drive self-test that eliminates unnecessary drive returns.
State-of-the-art cache and on-the-fly error-correction algorithms.
Support for S.M.A.R.T. drive monitoring and reporting.
Supports latching SATA cables and connectors.
T13 Fast Format conversion (see Section 2.2.1)
Top Cover Attached motor for excellent vibration tolerance
Worldwide Name (WWN) capability uniquely identifies the drive.
NOTE Seagate recommends validating the configuration with the selected HBA/RAID
controller manufacturer to ensure use of full capacity is supported.
NOTE Previous generations of Seagate Self-Encrypting Drive models were called Full Disk
Encryption (FDE) models before a differentiation between drive-based encryption
and other forms of encryption was necessary.
NOTE The Self-Encrypting Drive models indicated on the cover of this product manual
have provisions for “Security of Data at Rest” based on the standards defined by the
Trusted Computing Group (see www.trustedcomputinggroup.org).
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 5www.seagate.com Introduction
1.1 About the Serial ATA interface
The Serial ATA interface provides several advantages over the traditional (parallel) ATA interface. The primary
advantages include:
Easy installation and configuration with true plug-and-play connectivity.
It is not necessary to set any jumpers or other configuration options.
Thinner and more flexible cabling for improved enclosure airflow and ease of installation.
Scalability to higher performance levels.
In addition, Serial ATA makes the transition from parallel ATA easy by providing legacy software support. Serial ATA
was designed to allow users to install a Serial ATA host adapter and Serial ATA disk drive in the current system and
expect all of the existing applications to work as normal.
The Serial ATA interface connects each disk drive in a point-to-point configuration with the Serial ATA host adapter.
There is no master/slave relationship with Serial ATA devices like there is with parallel ATA. If two drives are attached
on one Serial ATA host adapter, the host operating system views the two devices as if they were both “masters” on two
separate ports. This essentially means both drives behave as if they are Device 0 (master) devices.
NOTE The host adapter may, optionally, emulate a master/slave environment to host software
where two devices on separate Serial ATA ports are represented to host software as a
Device 0 (master) and Device 1 (slave) accessed at the same set of host bus addresses. A
host adapter that emulates a master/slave environment manages two sets of shadow
registers. This is not a typical Serial ATA environment.
The Serial ATA host adapter and drive share the function of emulating parallel ATA device behavior to provide
backward compatibility with existing host systems and software. The Command and Control Block registers, PIO and
DMA data transfers, resets, and interrupts are all emulated.
The Serial ATA host adapter contains a set of registers that shadow the contents of the traditional device registers,
referred to as the Shadow Register Block. All Serial ATA devices behave like Device 0 devices. For additional
information about how Serial ATA emulates parallel ATA, refer to the “Serial ATA: High Speed Serialized AT Attachment”
specification. The specification can be downloaded from www.serialata.org.
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 6www.seagate.com Drive specifications
2.0 Drive specifications
Unless otherwise noted, all specifications are measured under ambient conditions, at 25°C, and nominal power. For
convenience, the phrases the drive and this drive are used throughout this manual to indicate the Exos X16 SATA drive
models.
2.1 Specification summary tables
The specifications listed in the following tables are for quick reference. For details on specification measurement or
definition, see the appropriate section of this manual.
Table 2 Drive specifications summary
Drive specification ST16000NM001G, ST14000NM001G, ST12000NM001G, ST10000NM001G,
ST16000NM003G ST14000NM003G ST12000NM003G ST10000NM003G
Formatted (512 bytes/sector)* 16TB 14TB 12TB 10TB
Guaranteed sectors (see Section 2.2)
Heads 18 16 16 14
Disks 9
Bytes per logical sector 512
Bytes per physical sector 4096
Recording density, KBPI (Kb/in max) 2336
Track density, KTPI (ktracks/in avg.) 423
Areal density, (Gb/in2 avg) 1028
Spindle speed (RPM) 7200
Internal data transfer rate (Mb/s max) 2772
Sustained data transfer rate OD (MiB/s max) 249 (261 MB/s max) 234 (245 MB/s max)
I/O data-transfer rate (MB/s max) 600
ATA data-transfer modes supported PIO modes 0–4
Multiword DMA modes 0–2
Ultra DMA modes 0–6
Cache buffer 256MB (262,144KB)
Weight: (maximum) 670g (1.477 lb)
Average latency 4.16ms
Power-on to ready (sec) (typ/max) 25/30
Standby to ready (sec) (typ/max) 25/30
Startup current (typical) 12V (peak) 2.6A
2.0A (optional configuration through Smart Command Transport)
Voltage tolerance (including noise) 5V ± 5%
12V ± 10%
Operating temperature† 5° to 60°C (Drive Reported Temperature)
Non-Operating temperature –40° to 70°C (Ambient Temperature, see sections 2.6.1 and 2.14)
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 7www.seagate.com Drive specifications
Drive specification ST16000NM001G, ST14000NM001G, ST12000NM001G, ST10000NM001G,
ST16000NM003G ST14000NM003G ST12000NM003G ST10000NM003G
Temperature gradient (°C per hour max) 20°C (operating)
20°C (nonoperating)
Relative humidity* 5% to 95% (operating)
5% to 95% (nonoperating)
Relative humidity gradient 20% per hour max
Altitude, operating –304.8 m to 3,048 m
(–1000 ft to 10,000+ ft)
Altitude, nonoperating –304.8 m to 12,192 m
(below mean sea level, max) (–1000 ft to 40,000+ ft)
Operational Shock (2 ms) 50 Gs
Non-Operational Shock (2 ms) 200 Gs
Linear Random Operating Vibration 5–500 Hz: 0.70 Grms
Random Rotary Operating Vibration 20–1500Hz: 12.5 rads/s²
Linear Random Non-Operating Vibration 2–500 Hz: 2.27 Grms
Drive acoustics, sound power (bels)
Idle 2.8 (typical)
3.0 (max)
During periods of drive idle, some offline activity may occur according to the
SMART specification, which may increase acoustic and power to operational levels.
Performance seek 3.2 (typical)
3.4 (max)
Nonrecoverable read errors 1 sector per 1015 bits read
Annualized Failure Rate (AFR)* 0.35% based on 8760 POH
Maximum Rated Workload* Maximum rate ofwww.seagate.com Drive specifications
2.2 Formatted capacity
Formatted Guaranteed Bytes per Guaranteed Bytes per
ST models
capacity* sectors logical sector sectors logical sector
ST16000NM001G, ST16000NM003G 16TB 31,251,759,104 3,906,469,888
ST14000NM001G, ST14000NM003G 14TB 27,344,764,928 512 3,418,095,616 4096
ST12000NM001G, ST12000NM003G 12TB 23,437,770,752 (Default) 2,929,721,344 (see Section 2.2.1)
ST10000NM001G, ST10000NM003G 10TB 19,532,873,728 2,441,609,216
*One GB equals one billion bytes when referring to hard drive capacity. Accessible capacity may vary
depending on operating environment and formatting.
NOTE LBA Counts for drive capacities greater than 8TB are
calculated based upon the SFF-8447 standard publication.
ftp://ftp.seagate.com/sff/SFF-8447.PDF
2.2.1 Fast Format - logical sector size conversion
Drive supports either 512E or 4KN logical sector size formats
SET SECTOR CONFIGURATION EXT (B2h) command (ACS-4 Standard) quickly converts between 512 and 4096 byte logical
sector size formats
The selected sector size change occurs immediately upon command completion
Default shipping format is 512E
Table 3 SET SECTOR CONFIGURATION EXT command inputs
Field Description
FEATURE COMMAND CHECK field
COUNT Bit Description
15 : 3 Reserved
2:0 SECTOR CONFIGURATION DESCRIPTOR INDEX field
LBA Reserved
DEVICE Bit Description
7 Obsolete
6 N/A
5 Obsolete
4 Transport Dependent
3:0 Reserved
COMMAND 7:0 B2h
COMMAND CHECK field value is taken from the DESCRIPTOR CHECK field in the descriptor specified by the
SECTOR CONFIGURATION DESCRIPTOR INDEX field
SECTOR CONFIGURATION DESCRIPTOR INDEX field specifies the Sector Configuration descriptor in the Set Sector
Configuration log page
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 9www.seagate.com Drive specifications
Sector Configuration log (Log Address 2Fh)
The Sector Configuration log contains Sector Configuration descriptors. The Sector Configuration descriptors describe
sector configurations. The sector configuration is specified using the SET SECTOR CONFIGURATION EXT command.
Table 4 Sector Configuration descriptors page format (log page 00h)
Offset Type Description
0...15 Bytes Sector Configuration descriptor 0
16...31 Bytes Sector Configuration descriptor 1
... ... ...
112...127 Bytes Sector Configuration descriptor 7
128...511 Bytes Reserved
Table 5 Sector Configuration descriptors format
Offset Type Description
0 Byte Sector Configuration descriptor flags
Bit Description
7 DESCRIPTOR VALID bit
6:0 Reserved
1 Byte LOGICAL TO PHYSICAL SECTOR RELATIONSHIP SETTING field
2...3 Word DESCRIPTOR CHECK field
4...7 DWord LOGICAL SECTOR SIZE SETTING field
8...15 Bytes Reserved
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 10www.seagate.com Drive specifications
2.2.2 LBA mode
When addressing these drives in LBA mode, all blocks (sectors) are consecutively numbered from 0 to n–1, where n is
the number of guaranteed sectors as defined above.
See Section 5.3.1, "Identify Device command" (words 60-61 and 100-103) for additional information about 48-bit
addressing support of drives with capacities over 137GB.
2.3 Recording and interface technology
Interface Serial ATA (SATA)
Recording method Perpendicular
Recording density, KBPI (Kb/in max) 2336
Track density, KTPI (ktracks/in avg) 423
Areal density (Gb/in2 avg) 1028
Spindle speed (RPM) (± 0.2%) 7200
Internal data transfer rate (Mb/s max) 2772
Sustained data transfer rate (MiB/s max) (16TB and 14TB models) 249
Sustained data transfer rate (MiB/s max) (12TB and 10TB models) 234
I/O data-transfer rate (MB/s max) 600 (Ultra DMA mode 5)
2.4 Start/stop times
Power-on to ready time is based on typical operating conditions, default full current spin-up profile, and clean
shutdown prior to measurement. To ensure a clean shutdown a Flush Cache, Standby, or Standby Immediate
command must be completed before removal of interface power.
Power-on to Ready (sec) (typ/max) 25/30
Standby to Ready (sec) (typ/max) 25/30
Ready to spindle stop (sec) (max) 20
NOTE An unexpected power loss event, spin up at cold or hot temperature extremes
may cause the drive to exceed the typical and max time to ready by 5 to 20
seconds. Extended time to ready is dependent on cache state and
environmental conditions prior to the unexpected power loss and during the
subsequent power on.
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 11www.seagate.com Drive specifications
2.5 Power specifications
The drive receives DC power (+5V or +12V) through a native SATA power connector. See Figure 2 on page 24 .
2.5.1 Power consumption
Power requirements for the drives are listed in Table 6. Typical power measurements are based on an average of
drives tested, under nominal conditions, using 5.0V and 12.0V input voltage at 25°C ambient temperature..
Table 6 DC power requirements (16TB and 14TB)
6.0Gb mode
Voltage +5V +12V Watts
Regulation ± 5% ± 10% Total
Avg Idle Current * 0.24 0.32 5.09
Advanced Idle Current *
Idle_A 0.24 0.32 5.07
Idle_B 0.20 0.19 3.24
Idle_C 0.19 0.13 2.47
Standby 0.18 0.01 1.06
Maximum Start Current
DC (peak DC) 0.90 2.04
AC (Peak DC) 1.14 2.76
Delayed motor start (max) DC 0.26 0.08
Operating current (random read 4K16Q):
Typical DC 0.43 0.65 9.96
Maximum DC 0.43 0.65
Maximum DC (peak) 1.29 2.40
Operating current (random write 4K16Q)
Typical DC 0.34 0.38 6.30
Maximum DC 0.35 0.39
Maximum DC (peak) 0.86 2.52
Operating current (sequential read 64K16Q)
Typical DC 0.81 0.32 7.82
Maximum DC 0.81 0.32
Maximum DC (peak) 1.08 1.33
Operating current (sequential write 64K16Q)
Typical DC 0.68 0.31 7.12
Maximum DC 0.69 0.31
Maximum DC (peak) 0.81 1.06
.
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 12www.seagate.com Drive specifications
Table 7 DC power requirements (12TB)
6.0Gb mode
Voltage +5V +12V Watts
Regulation ± 5% ± 10% Total
Avg Idle Current * 0.22 0.31 4.81
Advanced Idle Current *
Idle_A 0.22 0.31 4.80
Idle_B 0.18 0.20 3.33
Idle_C 0.17 0.13 2.42
Standby 0.16 0.01 0.97
Maximum Start Current
DC (peak DC) 0.84 1.99
AC (Peak DC) 1.00 2.88
Delayed motor start (max) DC 0.46 0.11
Operating current (random read 4K16Q):
Typical DC 0.39 0.62 9.32
Maximum DC 0.40 0.62
Maximum DC (peak) 1.27 2.40
Operating current (random write 4K16Q)
Typical DC 0.31 0.36 5.91
Maximum DC 0.32 0.37
Maximum DC (peak) 0.85 2.45
Operating current (sequential read 64K16Q)
Typical DC 0.73 0.30 7.23
Maximum DC 0.74 0.30
Maximum DC (peak) 1.04 1.33
Operating current (sequential write 64K16Q)
Typical DC 0.65 0.30 6.79
Maximum DC 0.66 0.30
Maximum DC (peak) 0.84 0.91
.
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 13www.seagate.com Drive specifications
Table 8 DC power requirements (10TB)
6.0Gb mode
Voltage +5V +12V Watts
Regulation ± 5% ± 10% Total
Avg Idle Current * 0.22 0.31 4.79
Advanced Idle Current *
Idle_A 0.22 0.30 4.74
Idle_B 0.17 0.18 3.02
Idle_C 0.17 0.12 2.29
Standby 0.16 0.01 0.93
Maximum Start Current
DC (peak DC) 0.82 1.95
AC (Peak DC) 1.03 2.90
Delayed motor start (max) DC 0.27 0.10
Operating current (random read 4K16Q):
Typical DC 0.39 0.63 9.47
Maximum DC 0.40 0.63
Maximum DC (peak) 1.13 2.37
Operating current (random write 4K16Q)
Typical DC 0.30 0.37 5.90
Maximum DC 0.31 0.38
Maximum DC (peak) 0.83 2.38
Operating current (sequential read 64K16Q)
Typical DC 0.73 0.30 7.26
Maximum DC 0.74 0.30
Maximum DC (peak) 1.03 1.34
Operating current (sequential write 64K16Q)
Typical DC 0.64 0.30 6.75
Maximum DC 0.65 0.30
Maximum DC (peak) 0.83 0.97
*During periods of drive idle, some offline activity may occur according to the S.M.A.R.T. specification,
which may increase acoustic and power to operational levels.
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 14www.seagate.com Drive specifications
2.5.1.1 Typical current profiles
Figure 1. Typical 5V and 12V startup and operation current profiles
2.5.2 Conducted noise
Noise is specified as a periodic and random distribution of frequencies covering a band from DC to 10 MHz. Maximum
allowed noise values given below are peak-to-peak measurements and apply at the drive power connector.
+5v = 250 mV pp from 100 Hz to 20 MHz.
+12v = 800 mV pp from 100 Hz to 8 KHz.
450 mV pp from 8 KHz to 20 KHz.
250 mV pp from 20 KHz to 5 MHz.
2.5.3 Voltage tolerance
Voltage tolerance (including noise):
5V ± 5% 12V ± 10%
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 15www.seagate.com Drive specifications
2.5.4 Extended Power Conditions - PowerChoice™
Utilizing the load/unload architecture a programmable power management interface is provided to tailor systems for
reduced power consumption and performance requirements.
The table below lists the supported power conditions available in PowerChoice. Power conditions are ordered from
highest power consumption (and shortest recovery time) to lowest power consumption (and longest recovery time)
as follows: Idle_a power >= Idle_b power >= Idle_c power >= Standby_z power. The further users go down in the
table, the more power savings is actualized. For example, Idle_b results in greater power savings than the Idle_a
power condition. Standby results in the greatest power savings.
Power Condition Name Power Condition ID Description
Idle_a 81H Reduced electronics
Idle_b 82H Heads unloaded. Disks spinning at full RPM
Idle_c 83H Heads unloaded. Disks spinning at reduced RPM
Standby_z 00H Heads unloaded. Motor stopped (disks not spinning)
Each power condition has a set of current, saved and default settings. Default settings are not modifiable. Default and
saved settings persist across power-on resets. The current settings do not persist across power-on resets. At the time
of manufacture, the default, saved and current settings are in the Power Conditions log match.
PowerChoice is invoked using one of two methods
Automatic power transitions which are triggered by expiration of individual power condition timers. These timer
values may be customized and enabled using the Extended Power Conditions (EPC) feature set using the
standardized Set Features command interface.
Immediate host commanded power transitions may be initiated using an EPC Set Features "Go to Power
Condition" subcommand to enter any supported power condition. Legacy power commands Standby Immediate
and Idle Immediate also provide a method to directly transition the drive into supported power conditions.
PowerChoice exits power saving states under the following conditions
Any command which requires the drive to enter the PM0: Active state (media access)
Power on reset
PowerChoice provides the following reporting methods for tracking purposes
Check Power Mode Command
Reports the current power state of the drive
Identify Device Command
EPC Feature set supported flag
EPC Feature enabled flag is set if at least one Idle power condition timer is enabled
Power Condition Log reports the following for each power condition
Nominal recovery time from the power condition to active
If the power condition is Supported, Changeable, and Savable
Default enabled state, and timer value
Saved enabled state, and timer value
Current enabled state, and timer value
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 16www.seagate.com Drive specifications
S.M.A.R.T. Read Data Reports
Attribute 192 - Emergency Retract Count
Attribute 193 - Load/Unload Cycle Count
PowerChoice Manufacture Default Power Condition Timer Values
Default power condition timer values have been established to assure product reliability and data integrity. A
minimum timer value threshold of two minutes ensures the appropriate amount of background drive maintenance
activities occur. Attempting to set a timer values less than the specified minimum timer value threshold will result in
an aborted EPC "Set Power Condition Timer" subcommand.
Power Condition Name Manufacturer Default Timer Values
Idle_a 100 ms
Idle_b 2 min
Idle_c 4 min
Standby_z 15 min
Setting power condition timer values less than the manufacturer specified defaults or issuing the EPC "Go to Power
Condition" subcommand at a rate exceeding the default timers may limit this products reliability and data integrity.
PowerChoice Supported Extended Power Condition Feature Subcommands
EPC Subcommand Description
00H Restore Power Condition Settings
01H Go to Power Condition
02H Set Power Condition Timer
03H Set Power Condition State
04H Enable EPC Feature Set
05H Disable EPC Feature Set
PowerChoice Supported Extended Power Condition Identifiers
Power Condition Identifiers Power Condition Name
00H Standby_z
01 - 80H Reserved
81H Idle_a
82H Idle_b
83H Idle_c
84 - FEH Reserved
FFH All EPC Power Conditions
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 17www.seagate.com Drive specifications
2.6 Environmental limits
Temperature and humidity values experienced by the drive must be such that condensation does not occur on any
drive part. Altitude and atmospheric pressure specifications are referenced to a standard day at 58.7°F (14.8°C).
NOTE To maintain optimal performance drives should be run at nominal drive
temperatures and humidity.
See Section 2.10, "Reliability" for rated MTBF device operating condition
requirements.
2.6.1 Temperature
a. Operating
41°F to 140°F (5°C to 60°C) temperature range with a maximum temperature gradient of 36°F (20°C) per hour as reported by the
drive.
The maximum allowable drive reported temperature is 140°F (60°C).
Air flow may be required to achieve consistent nominal drive temperature values (see Section 3.4). To confirm that the
required cooling is provided for the electronics and HDA, place the drive in its final mechanical configuration, and perform
random write/read operations. After the temperatures stabilize, monitor the current drive temperature using the SMART
temperature attribute 194 or Device Statistics log 04h page 5.
b. Non-operating
–40° to 158°F (–40° to 70°C) package ambient with a maximum gradient of 36°F (20°C) per hour. This specification assumes that
the drive is packaged in the shipping container designed by Seagate for use with drive.
2.6.2 Humidity
The values below assume that no condensation on the drive occurs. Maximum wet bulb temperature is 84.2°F (29°C).
2.6.2.1 Relative humidity
Operating: 5% to 95% non-condensing relative humidity with a maximum gradient of 20% per hour.
Nonoperating: 5% to 95% non-condensing relative humidity with a maximum gradient of 20% per hour.
2.6.3 Effective Altitude (sea level)
Operating: –304.8 m to 3048 m (–1000 ft. to 10,000+ ft.)
Nonoperating: –304.8 m to 12,192 m (–1000 ft. to 40,000+ ft.)
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 18www.seagate.com Drive specifications 2.6.4 Shock and Vibration Shock and vibration measurements specified in this document are made directly on the drive itself and applied in the X, Y, and Z axis at the drive mounting point locations. 2.6.4.1 Shock a. Operating The drive will operate without error while subjected to intermittent shock pulses not exceeding 50g at a duration of 2ms. b. Non-operating The drive will operate without non-recoverable errors after being subjected to shock pulses not exceeding 200g at a duration of 2ms. 2.6.4.2 Vibration a. Linear Random Operating Vibration The drive will operate without non-recoverable errors while being subjected to the random power spectral density noise specified below. b. Random Rotary Operating Vibration The drive will exhibit greater than 90% throughput for sequential and random write operations while subjected to the shaped random power spectral density noise specified below. c. Linear Random Non-Operating Vibration The drive will not incur physical damage or have non-recoverable errors after being subjected to the power spectral density noise specified below. Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 19
www.seagate.com Drive specifications
2.7 Acoustics
Drive acoustics are measured as overall A-weighted acoustic sound power levels (no pure tones). All measurements
are consistent with ISO document 7779. Sound power measurements are taken under essentially free-field conditions
over a reflecting plane. For all tests, the drive is oriented with the cover facing upward.
NOTE For seek mode tests, the drive is placed in seek mode only. The number of seeks
per second is defined by the following equation:
(Number of seeks per second = 0.4 / (average latency + average access time
)
Table 9 Fluid Dynamic Bearing (FDB) motor acoustics
Idle* Performance seek
All models 2.8 bels (typ) 3.2 bels (typ)
3.0 bels (max) 3.4 bels (max)
*During periods of drive idle, some offline activity may occur according to the S.M.A.R.T. specification, which
may increase acoustic and power to operational levels.
2.8 Test for Prominent Discrete Tones (PDTs)
Seagate follows the ECMA-74 standards for measurement and identification of PDTs. An exception to this process is
the use of the absolute threshold of hearing. Seagate uses this threshold curve (originated in ISO 389-7) to discern
tone audibility and to compensate for the inaudible components of sound prior to computation of tone ratios
according to Annex D of the ECMA-74 standards.
2.9 Electromagnetic immunity
When properly installed in a representative host system, the drive operates without errors or degradation in
performance when subjected to the radio frequency (RF) environments defined in the following table:
Table 10 Radio frequency environments
Test Description Performance level Reference standard
Electrostatic discharge Contact, HCP, VCP: ± 4 kV; Air: ± 8 kV B EN 61000-4-2: 95
Radiated RF immunity 80 to 1000 MHz, 3 V/m, A EN 61000-4-3: 96
80% AM with 1 kHz sine ENV 50204: 95
900 MHz, 3 V/m, 50% pulse modulation @ 200 Hz
Electrical fast transient ± 1 kV on AC mains, ± 0.5 kV on external I/O B EN 61000-4-4: 95
Surge immunity ± 1 kV differential, ± 2 kV common, AC mains B EN 61000-4-5: 95
Conducted RF immunity 150 kHz to 80 MHz, 3 Vrms, 80% AM with 1 kHz sine A EN 61000-4-6: 97
Voltage dips, interrupts 0% open, 5 seconds C EN 61000-4-11: 94
0% short, 5 seconds C
40%, 0.10 seconds C
70%, 0.01 seconds B
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 20www.seagate.com Drive specifications
2.10 Reliability
2.10.1 Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) and Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)
The production disk drive shall achieve an annualized failure-rate of 0.35% (MTBF of 2,500,000 hours) over a 5 year
service life when used in Enterprise Storage field conditions as limited by the following:
8760 power-on hours per year.
HDA temperature as reported by the drivewww.seagate.com Drive specifications
2.11 HDD and SSD Regulatory Compliance and Safety
For the latest regulatory and compliance information see: https://www.seagate.com/support/
scroll to bottom of page and click the Seagate HDD and SSD Regulatory Compliance and Safety link.
2.11.1 Regulatory Models
The following regulatory model number represent all features and configurations within the series:
Regulatory Model Numbers: STL008
2.12 Corrosive environment
electronic drive components pass accelerated corrosion testing equivalent to 10 years exposure to light industrial
environments containing sulfurous gases, chlorine and nitric oxide, classes G and H per ASTM B845. However, this
accelerated testing cannot duplicate every potential application environment.
Users should use caution exposing any electronic components to uncontrolled chemical pollutants and corrosive
chemicals as electronic drive component reliability can be affected by the installation environment. The silver, copper,
nickel and gold films used in hard disk drives are especially sensitive to the presence of sulfide, chloride, and nitrate
contaminants. Sulfur is found to be the most damaging. Materials used in cabinet fabrication, such as vulcanized
rubber, that can outgas corrosive compounds should be minimized or eliminated. The useful life of any electronic
equipment may be extended by replacing materials near circuitry with sulfide-free alternatives.
Seagate recommends that data centers be kept clean by monitoring and controlling the dust and gaseous
contamination. Gaseous contamination should be within ANSI/ISA S71.04-2013 G2 classification levels (as measured
on copper and silver coupons), and dust contamination to ISO 14644-1 Class 8 standards, and MTBF rated conditions
as defined in the Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) and Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) section.
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 22www.seagate.com Drive specifications
2.13 Reference documents
Supported Standards
Serial ATA Revision 3.3 specification
ANSI Documents
INCITS 529-2018 ATA/ATAPI Command Set - 4 (ACS-4)
Specification for Acoustic Test Requirement and Procedures
Seagate part number: 30553-001
In case of conflict between this document and any referenced document, this document takes precedence.
2.14 Product warranty
Beginning on the date of shipment to the customer and continuing for the period specified in the purchase contract,
Seagate warrants that each product (including components and subassemblies) that fails to function properly under
normal use due to defect in materials or workmanship or due to nonconformance to the applicable specifications will
be repaired or replaced, at Seagate’s option and at no charge to the customer, if returned by customer at customer’s
expense to Seagate’s designated facility in accordance with Seagate’s warranty procedure. Seagate will pay for
transporting the repair or replacement item to the customer. For more detailed warranty information, refer to the
standard terms and conditions of purchase for Seagate products on the purchase documentation.
The remaining warranty for a particular drive can be determined by calling Seagate Customer Service at 1-800-468-
3472. Users can also determine remaining warranty using the Seagate web site (www.seagate.com). The drive serial
number is required to determine remaining warranty information.
Shipping
When transporting or shipping a drive, use only a Seagate-approved container. Keep the original box. Seagate
approved containers are easily identified by the Seagate Approved Package label. Shipping a drive in a non-approved
container voids the drive warranty.
Seagate repair centers may refuse receipt of components improperly packaged or obviously damaged in transit.
Contact the authorized Seagate distributor to purchase additional boxes. Seagate recommends shipping by an air-
ride carrier experienced in handling computer equipment.
Storage
Maximum storage periods are 180 days within original unopened Seagate shipping package or 60 days unpackaged
within the defined non-operating limits (refer to environmental section in this manual). Storage can be extended to 1
year packaged or unpackaged under optimal environmental conditions (25°C,www.seagate.com Configuring and mounting the drive
3.0 Configuring and mounting the drive
This section contains the specifications and instructions for configuring and mounting the drive.
3.1 Handling and static-discharge precautions
After unpacking, and before installation, the drive may be exposed to potential handling and electrostatic discharge
(ESD) hazards. Observe the following standard handling and static-discharge precautions:
• Before handling the drive, put on a grounded wrist strap, or ground oneself frequently by touching the metal chassis of a
computer that is plugged into a grounded outlet. Wear a grounded wrist strap throughout the entire installation procedure.
• Handle the drive by its edges or frame only.
• The drive is extremely fragile—handle it with care. Do not press down on the drive top cover.
Caution • Always rest the drive on a padded, antistatic surface until mounting it in the computer.
• Do not touch the connector pins or the printed circuit board.
• Do not remove the factory-installed labels from the drive or cover them with additional labels. Removal voids the warranty.
Some factory-installed labels contain information needed to service the drive. Other labels are used to seal out dirt and
contamination.
3.2 Configuring the drive
Each drive on the Serial ATA interface connects point-to-point with the Serial ATA host adapter. There is no master/
slave relationship because each drive is considered a master in a point-to-point relationship. If two drives are attached
on one Serial ATA host adapter, the host operating system views the two devices as if they were both “masters” on two
separate ports. Both drives behave as if they are Device 0 (master) devices.
3.3 Serial ATA cables and connectors
The Serial ATA interface cable consists of four conductors in two differential pairs, plus three
ground connections. The cable size may be 30 to 26 AWG with a maximum length of one
meter (39.37 in).
See Table 11 for connector pin definitions. Either end of the SATA signal cable can be
attached to the drive or host.
For direct backplane connection, the drive connectors are inserted directly into the host
receptacle. The drive and the host receptacle incorporate features that enable the direct
connection to be hot pluggable and blind mateable.
For installations which require cables, users can connect the drive as illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Attaching SATA cabling
Each cable is keyed to ensure correct orientation. Exos X16 SATA drives support latching SATA connectors.
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 24www.seagate.com Configuring and mounting the drive
3.4 Drive mounting
Users can mount the drive in any orientation using four screws in the side-mounting holes or four screws in the
bottom-mounting holes. See Figure 3 for drive mounting dimensions. Follow these important mounting precautions
when mounting the drive:
Allow a minimum clearance of 0.030 in (0.76mm) around the entire perimeter of the drive for cooling.
Use only 6-32 UNC mounting screws.
The screws should be inserted no more than 0.140 in (3.56mm) into the bottom or side mounting holes.
Do not overtighten the mounting screws (maximum torque: 6 in-lb).
3.4.1 Mechanical specifications
Refer to Figure 3 for detailed mounting configuration dimensions. See Section 3.4, “Drive mounting.”
Weight: 1.477 lb 670 g
NOTE These dimensions conform to the Small Form Factor Standard documented in SFF-8301
and SFF-8323, found at www.snia.org/technology-communities/sff/specifications
4X 6-32 UNC 2B
3 MIN THREAD DEPTH
.14 MAX FASTENER PENETRATION
MOUNTING HOLE.
MAX TORQUE 6 IN/LBS
2X 3.000±.010 4.000±.010
5.787 MAX
[146.99MM]
1.432
2X 1.625±.020
B 1.123±.020
.814 Y Y
.250±.010
CL OF CONN
.125±.010 2.000 2X 6-32 UNC 2B
CL OF DRIVE Z 3 MIN THREAD DEPTH
.14 MAX FASTENER PENETRATION
3.750±.010 MOUNTING HOLES BOTH SIDES.
MAX TORQUE 6 IN/LBS
4.000±.010
Z .140±.015
1.028 MAX
[26.11MM]
2.000
CL OF DRIVE
Figure 3. Mounting configuration dimensions
NOTE The image is for mechanical dimension reference only and may not represent the actual drive.
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 25www.seagate.com About self-encrypting drives
4.0 About self-encrypting drives
Self-encrypting drives (SEDs) offer encryption and security services for the protection of stored data, commonly
known as “protection of data at rest.” These drives are compliant with the Trusted Computing Group (TCG) Enterprise
Storage Specifications as detailed in Section 2.13.
The Trusted Computing Group (TCG) is an organization sponsored and operated by companies in the computer,
storage and digital communications industry. Seagate’s SED models comply with the standards published by the TCG.
To use the security features in the drive, the host must be capable of constructing and issuing the following two ATA
commands:
Trusted Send
Trusted Receive
These commands are used to convey the TCG protocol to and from the drive in their command payloads.
4.1 Data encryption
Encrypting drives use one inline encryption engine for each port, employing AES-256 bit data encryption keys with
AES-XTS mode to encrypt all data prior to being written on the media and to decrypt all data as it is read from the
media. The encryption engines are always in operation and cannot be disabled.
The 32-byte Data Encryption Key (DEK) is a random number which is generated by the drive, never leaves the drive,
and is inaccessible to the host system. The DEK is itself encrypted when it is stored on the media and when it is in
volatile temporary storage (DRAM) external to the encryption engine. A unique data encryption key is used for each of
the drive's possible16 data bands (see Section 4.5).
4.2 Controlled access
The drive has two security providers (SPs) called the "Admin SP" and the "Locking SP." These act as gatekeepers to the
drive security services. Security-related commands will not be accepted unless they also supply the correct credentials
to prove the requester is authorized to perform the command.
4.2.1 Admin SP
The Admin SP allows the drive's owner to enable or disable firmware download operations (see Section 4.4). Access
to the Admin SP is available using the SID (Secure ID) password or the MSID (Manufacturers Secure ID) password.
4.2.2 Locking SP
The Locking SP controls read/write access to the media and the cryptographic erase feature. Access to the Locking SP
is available using the BandMasterX or EraseMaster passwords. Since the drive owner can define up to 16 data bands
on the drive, each data band has its own password called BandMasterX where X is the number of the data band (0
through 15).
4.2.3 Default password
When the drive is shipped from the factory, all passwords are set to the value of MSID. This 32-byte random value can
only be read by the host electronically over the interface. After receipt of the drive, it is the responsibility of the owner
to use the default MSID password as the authority to change all other passwords to unique owner-specified values.
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 26www.seagate.com About self-encrypting drives
4.3 Random number generator (RNG)
The drive has a 32-byte hardware RNG that it is uses to derive encryption keys or, if requested to do so, to provide
random numbers to the host for system use, including using these numbers as Authentication Keys (passwords) for
the drive’s Admin and Locking SPs.
4.4 Drive locking
In addition to changing the passwords, as described in Section 4.2.3, the owner should also set the data access
controls for the individual bands.
The variable "LockOnReset" should be set to "PowerCycle" to ensure that the data bands will be locked if power is lost.
In addition "ReadLockEnabled" and "WriteLockEnabled" must be set to true in the locking table in order for the bands
"LockOnReset" setting of "PowerCycle" to actually lock access to the band when a "PowerCycle" event occurs. This
scenario occurs if the drive is removed from its cabinet. The drive will not honor any data read or write requests until
the bands have been unlocked. This prevents the user data from being accessed without the appropriate credentials
when the drive has been removed from its cabinet and installed in another system.
When the drive is shipped from the factory, the firmware download port is unlocked.
4.5 Data bands
When shipped from the factory, the drive is configured with a single data band called Band 0 (also known as the
Global Data Band) which comprises LBA 0 through LBA max. The host may allocate Band1 by specifying a start LBA
and an LBA range. The real estate for this band is taken from the Global Band. An additional 30 Data Bands may be
defined in a similar way (Band2 through Band31) but before these bands can be allocated LBA space, they must first
be individually enabled using the EraseMaster password.
Data bands cannot overlap but they can be sequential with one band ending at LBA (x) and the next beginning at LBA
(x+1).
Each data band has its own drive-generated encryption key and its own user-supplied password. The host may
change the Encryption Key (see Section 4.6) or the password when required. The bands should be aligned to 4K LBA
boundaries.
4.6 Cryptographic erase
A significant feature of SEDs is the ability to perform a cryptographic erase. This involves the host telling the drive to
change the data encryption key for a particular band. Once changed, the data is no longer recoverable since it was
written with one key and will be read using a different key. Since the drive overwrites the old key with the new one,
and keeps no history of key changes, the user data can never be recovered. This is tantamount to an instantaneous
data erase and is very useful if the drive is to be scrapped or redispositioned.
4.7 Authenticated firmware download
In addition to providing a locking mechanism to prevent unwanted firmware download attempts, the drive also only
accepts download files which have been cryptographically signed by the appropriate Seagate Design Center.
Three conditions must be met before the drive will allow the download operation:
1. The download must be an SED file. A standard (base) drive (non-SED) file will be rejected.
2. The download file must be signed and authenticated.
3. As with a non-SED drive, the download file must pass the acceptance criteria for the drive. For example it must be
applicable to the correct drive model, and have compatible revision and customer status.
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 27www.seagate.com About self-encrypting drives
4.8 Power requirements
The standard drive models and the SED drive models have identical hardware, however the security and encryption
portion of the drive controller ASIC is enabled and functional in the SED models. This represents a small additional
drain on the 5V supply of about 30mA and a commensurate increase of about 150mW in power consumption. There is
no additional drain on the 12V supply. See the tables in Section 2.5 for power requirements on the standard (non-
SED) drive models.
4.9 Supported commands
The SED models support the following two commands in addition to the commands supported by the standard (non-
SED) models as listed in Table 12:
Trusted Send (5Eh) or Trusted Send DMA (5Fh)
Trusted Receive (5Ch) or Trusted Receive DMA (5D)
4.10 RevertSP
SED models will support the RevertSP feature which erases all data in all bands on the device and returns the contents
of all SPs (Security Providers) on the device to their original factory state. In order to execute the RevertSP method the
unique PSID (Physical Secure ID) printed on the drive label must be provided. PSID is not electronically accessible and
can only be manually read from the drive label or scanned in via the 2D barcode.
4.11 ATA Security Erase Unit Command on SED SATA drives
The ATA SECURITY ERASE UNIT command shall support both the Normal and Enhanced erase modes with the
following modifications/additions:
Normal Erase: Normal erase shall be accomplished by changing the media encryption key for the drive followed
by an overwrite operation that repeatedly writes a single sector containing random data to the entire drive. The
write operation shall bypass the media encryption. On reading back the overwritten sectors, the host will receive
a decrypted version, using the new encryption key, of the random data sector (the returned data will not match
what was written).
Enhanced Erase: Enhanced erase shall be accomplished by changing the media encryption key for the drive.
4.12 Sanitize Device - CRYPTO SCRAMBLE EXT
This command cryptographically erases all user data on the drive by destroying the current data encryption key and
replacing it with a new data encryption key randomly generated by the drive. Sanitize Device is a command field B4h
and Feature field 0011h (CRYPTO SCRAMBLE EXT).
The drive shall support the Sanitize Feature Set as defined in ANSI/INCITS ACS-2 with the exceptions and/or
modifications described in this section.
Support of the SANITIZE FREEZE LOCK EXT command shall be determined on a customer-specific basis. OEM drives
shall support the command.
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 28www.seagate.com Serial ATA (SATA) interface
5.0 Serial ATA (SATA) interface
These drives use the industry-standard Serial ATA interface that supports FIS data transfers. It supports ATA
programmed input/output (PIO) modes 0–4; multiword DMA modes 0–2, and Ultra DMA modes 0–6.
For detailed information about the Serial ATA interface, refer to the “Serial ATA: High Speed Serialized AT Attachment”
specification.
5.1 Hot-Plug compatibility
Exos X16 SATA drives incorporate connectors which enable users to hot plug these drives in accordance with the
Serial ATA Revision 3.3 specification. This specification can be downloaded from www.serialata.org.
Caution:
The drive motor must come to a complete stop (Ready to spindle stop time indicated in Section 2.4)
prior to changing the plane of operation. This time is required to insure data integrity.
5.2 Serial ATA device plug connector pin definitions
Table 11 summarizes the signals on the Serial ATA interface and power connectors.
Table 11 Serial ATA connector pin definitions
Segment Pin Function Definition
Signal S1 Ground 2nd mate
S2 A+ Differential signal pair A from Phy
S3 A-
S4 Ground 2nd mate
S5 B- Differential signal pair B from Phy
S6 B+
S7 Ground 2nd mate
Key and spacing separate signal and power segments
Power P1 V33 3.3V power
P2 V33 3.3V power
P3 V33 3.3V power, pre-charge, 2nd mate
P4 Ground 1st mate
P5 Ground 2nd mate
P6 Ground 2nd mate
P7 V5 5V power, pre-charge, 2nd mate
P8 V5 5V power
P9 V5 5V power
P10 Ground 2nd mate
P11 Ground or LED signal If grounded, drive does not use deferred spin
P12 Ground 1st mate.
P13 V12 12V power, pre-charge, 2nd mate
P14 V12 12V power
P15 V12 12V power
Seagate Exos X16 SATA Product Manual, Rev. J 29www.seagate.com Serial ATA (SATA) interface
Notes:
1. All pins are in a single row, with a 1.27mm (0.050”) pitch.
2. The comments on the mating sequence apply to the case of backplane blindmate connector only. In this case, the
mating sequences are:
— the ground pins P4 and P12.
— the pre-charge power pins and the other ground pins.
— the signal pins and the rest of the power pins.
3. There are three power pins for each voltage. One pin from each voltage is used for pre-charge when installed in a
blind-mate backplane configuration.
4. All used voltage pins (Vx) must be terminated.
5.3 Supported ATA commands
The following table lists Serial ATA standard commands that the drive supports. For a detailed description of the ATA
commands, refer to the Serial ATA: High Speed Serialized AT Attachment specification. See “S.M.A.R.T. commands”
on page 54 for details and subcommands used in the S.M.A.R.T. implementation.
Table 12 Supported ATA commands
Command name Command code (in hex)
Accessible Max Address Configuration
Get Native Max Address Ext 78H / 0000H
Set Accessible Max Address Ext 78H / 0001H
Freeze Accessible Max Address Ext 78H / 0002H
Check Power Mode E5H
Download Microcode 92H
Execute Device Diagnostics 90H
Flush Cache E7H
Flush Cache Extended EAH
Get Physical Element Status 12H
Identify Device ECH
Idle E3H
Idle Immediate E1H
Read Buffer E4H
Read DMA C8H
Read DMA Extended 25H
Read FPDMA Queued 60H
Read Log DMA Ext 47H
Read Log Ext 2FH
Read Multiple C4H
Read Multiple Extended 29H
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