WMO Space Programme RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data - 2020 edition - WMO-No. SP-14
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WMO Space Programme
RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of
Satellite Data
2020 edition
WEATHER CLIMATE WATER
WMO-No. SP-14WMO Space Programme RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2020 edition WMO-No. SP-14
EDITORIAL NOTE METEOTERM, the WMO terminology database, may be consulted at http://public.wmo.int/en/ resources/meteoterm. Readers who copy hyperlinks by selecting them in the text should be aware that additional spaces may appear immediately following http://, https://, ftp://, mailto:, and after slashes (/), dashes (-), periods (.) and unbroken sequences of characters (letters and numbers). These spaces should be removed from the pasted URL. The correct URL is displayed when hovering over the link or when clicking on the link and then copying it from the browser. WMO-No. SP-14 © World Meteorological Organization, 2020 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chair, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03 P.O. Box 2300 Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 81 17 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Email: publications@wmo.int NOTE The designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WMO in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned or advertised. This publication has been issued without formal editing.
TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 2 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 4 1.1. Motivation ................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Survey ................................................................................................... 4 2. PARTICIPATION IN THE SURVEY........................................................................ 5 Figure 1: Responses by WMO region .............................................................................. 6 3. USE OF SATELLITES............................................................................................ 7 3.1 Geostationary Satellites Data Use (Q.1) ............................................................ 7 Figure 2: Use of geostationary satellites data. ................................................................. 7 3.2 Preparation for new-generation GEO Data (Q.2) ................................................ 8 Figure 3: Levels of challenge anticipated in utilizing new-generation GEO satellite data ........ 8 Figure 4: Levels of readiness for utilizing new-generation GEO satellite data ....................... 9 Figure 5: Levels of support provided by new-generation GEO satellite operators.................. 9 3.3 GEO Data Access, Processing, Visualization (Q.3) ............................................ 11 Figure 6: Data access methods ................................................................................... 11 4. USE AND APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE DATA AND PRODUCTS ........................ 14 4.1 Most important available parameters - Q.4 (a) ................................................ 14 Table 1. Most important available parameters - Q.4 (a) ................................................ 14 4.2 Most required but not available parameters Q.4 (b) ......................................... 16 Table 2. Most required but not available parameters - Q.4 (b) ....................................... 16 4.3 Optimal temporal frequency of geostationary satellite data (Q.5) ....................... 18 Figure 7: Optimal temporal frequency of geostationary satellite data .............................. 18 Figure 8: Impact of conventional GEO imagery on work practices .................................... 20 Figure 9: Impact of RGB products on work practices ...................................................... 21 4.4 Satellite data/products (Q.6) ......................................................................... 22 Figure 10: Satellite data/products contributing to improved services Q.6 (a), (b) ............... 23 Figure 11: Results for current major satellite data/products Q.6 (c) ................................... 24 4.5 The polar orbiting products (Q.7) ................................................................... 27 Figure 12: General-purpose polar-orbiting satellite products Q.7 ...................................... 27 Figure 13: Ocean products Q.7 .................................................................................... 28 Figure 14: Precipitation products Q.7 ............................................................................ 28 Figure 15: Tropical cyclone monitoring Q.7 .................................................................... 29 Figure 16: Volcanic ash Q.7 ......................................................................................... 30 5. EDUCATION AND TRAINING ............................................................................. 31 5.1 Training needs and delivery of training Q.8 (a), (b) ......................................... 31 Table 3. Training requirements and provision Q.8 (a) ................................................... 31 Figure 17: Training requirements and provision Q.8 (a) .................................................. 31 i
WMO 2016 Survey on the Use of Satellite Data
Table 4. Training requirements and provision Q.8 (b) .................................................. 32
Figure 18: The results of Q.8 (b) ................................................................................... 32
5.2 The level of awareness and the needs of additional training Q.8 (c), (d) ............ 32
Table 5. Monthly Australian VLab CoE Regional Focus Group online weather discussions
Q.8 (c) (1) .................................................................................................. 33
Table 6. Annual Training Events by AOMSUC Q.8 (c) (2) .............................................. 33
Table 7. Classroom courses hosted by CoE-China Q.8 (c) (3)......................................... 33
Table 8. Classroom courses hosted by CoE-Korea Q.8 (c) (4) ........................................ 34
Table 9. Satellite operator websites Q.8 (c) (5) ............................................................ 34
Figure 19: Results of Q.8 (c) ........................................................................................ 35
Table 10. Additional training requirements Q.8 (d) ......................................................... 36
Figure 20: The results of Q.8 (d) .................................................................................. 36
6. A SATELLITE DATA/PRODUCT INVENTORY (Q.9) ............................................. 37
Table 11: Results for Q.9 (a) ....................................................................................... 37
APPENDIX A ............................................................................................................. 39
WMO 2018 SURVEY ON THE USE OF SATELLITE DATA – QUESTIONNAIRE .......................... 39
SECTION 1 – ACCESS TO SATELLITE DATA AND PRODUCTS ............................................. 42
SECTION 2 – USE AND APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE DATA AND PRODUCTS ...................... 45
TABLE A1 ................................................................................................................... 45
TABLE A2 CODES FOR ANSWERING QUESTION 4. ........................................................... 46
TABLE A3 ................................................................................................................... 52
SECTION 3 – EDUCATION AND TRAINING ...................................................................... 54
SECTION 4 – A SATELLITE DATA/PRODUCT INVENTORY ................................................... 56
APPENDIX B ............................................................................................................. 58
APPENDIX C ............................................................................................................. 60
TABLE C1 MOST IMPORTANT AVAILABLE PARAMETERS Q.4 (A) ................................... 60
TABLE C2 MOST REQUIRED BUT NOT AVAILABLE PARAMETERS Q.4 (B) ....................... 64
Table C3 (a) Q.9 INFORMATION OF PRODUCTS ............................................................. 69
Table C3 (b) Q.9 THE MOST IMPORTANT APPLICATION AREA .......................................... 81
Table C3 (c) Q.9 THE PRIORITY OF PRODUCTS ............................................................. 84
REFERENCES FOR APPENDIX B...................................................................................... 86
iiEXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of the present RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018 is to
collect up-to-date information on WMO Members’ capabilities and needs regarding the use of
satellite data in meteorological, climate, water and related environmental applications.
The survey was conducted under the leadership of the WMO Regional Coordination Groups on
Satellite Data Requirements for Regional Association II and Regional Association V, that are
the Regional Association II World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Integrated Global
Observing System (WIGOS) Project to Develop Support for National Meteorological and
Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in Satellite Data, Products and Training and the Regional
Association V Task Team on Satellite Utilization.
The survey was developed in 2018 based on an action item from the 45th Conference of the
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (WG IV A45.01), and the target contributors
were users in National Meteorological and Hydrological Services of WMO Member states and
territories within RA II and V, as well as other satellite data users worldwide.
The survey, conducted in a spreadsheet format from 3 December 2018 to 31 January 2019,
consisted of nine questions broadly addressing: (i) access to satellite data and products;
(ii) use and application of satellite data and products; and (iii) education and training.
A total of 33 valid and complete responses were received from RA II and RA V NMHSs in
32 WMO Member countries.
Key results:
• Himawari-8/9 data are used in these regions more than data from other satellites.
• GEO satellite data are mostly used for imagery application, nowcasting and forecast
verification.
• Many respondents plan to use FY-4B and -4C data.
• Most institutions access satellite data online, but broadcast facilities are also used in
countries with slow and unstable Internet connections.
• The survey outcomes especially from Q.4-(b) are expected to provide satellite-
derived product developers with ideas for future development.
• A 10-minute observation frequency is sufficient for effective monitoring of extreme
weather events.
• Natural Color RGB, Day Convective Storm RGB, True Color RGB and other data
support work practices significantly.
• The top three hazards in the RA-II/V areas are lightning, flash floods and tropical
cyclones. New-generation GEO data have improved forecasting ability to detect and
monitor such events.
• More training, faster/more reliable communications, and enhanced data and
processing tools would be of value.
• FengYun general-purpose polar-orbiting satellite products are well known and
widely used.
• Sea surface wind data are used by more than half of all NMHSs.
• GSMaP products are the most popular among precipitation-related output in these
regions.
2WMO 2016 Survey on the Use of Satellite Data
• Most NMHSs require training in climate, public weather services, aviation services
and a variety of other areas. Face-to-face training is considered highly important.
• Many users require 10-minute multi-band data and products both online and via the
satellite broadcast system.
This document was reviewed by the Inter-Programme Expert Team on Satellite Utilization and
Products (IPET-SUP), which recommended to publish it as a WMO Space Programme
publication.
3RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Motivation
The purpose of the present RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018 is to
collect up-to-date information on WMO Members’ capabilities and needs regarding the use of
satellite data in meteorological, climate, water and related environmental applications.
The survey was conducted under the leadership of the WMO Regional Coordination Groups on
Satellite Data Requirements for Regional Association II and Regional Association V, that are
the Regional Association II World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Integrated Global
Observing System (WIGOS) Project to Develop Support for National Meteorological and
Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in Satellite Data, Products and Training and the Regional
Association V Task Team on Satellite Utilization.
Many users worldwide now use data from the new generation of meteorological satellites, such
as Himawari-8/9 and GOES-16/17, to fully exploit their value and to ensure continuity of
service. In this context, the situation of satellite data utilization is undergoing significant
change.
The importance of satellite data is increasing in various global, regional and local applications
such as nowcasting, numerical weather prediction (NWP), marine services, climate monitoring
and climate prediction. Within the framework of the WMO and its Space Programme, there is a
need for clarity regarding associations among all elements of the satellite data value chain,
including matters relating to sensory work and services, and to identify user preferences,
common practices (such as those associated with data access, processing/visualization tools
and training) and emerging trends. WMO prioritizes identification of challenges faced by users,
both in terms of technical and human capacity, especially in less developed and developing
countries.
The data provided by the 2018 survey on these issues are expected to help shape action taken
by WMO, satellite operators and other related parties to bridge the gap between the growing
body of satellite data/products available and the need for improved and easier access to
related data, products, tools and user training. Follow-up action is implemented in response to
satellite-specific needs within the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS), the
Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) and, as appropriate, WMO Member countries.
1.2 Survey
The survey was developed in 2018 based on an action item from the 45th Conference of the
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (WG IV A45.01). The target contributors were
users in National Meteorological and Hydrological Services of WMO Member states and
territories (referred to here as Member countries) in RA II and V, as well as other satellite
users worldwide (organizations, value-adders and individuals) active in the fields of
meteorology, climate, hydrology, disaster risk reduction and related environmental
applications.
The survey, conducted in a spreadsheet format from 3 December 2018 to 31 January 2019,
consisted of nine questions broadly addressing (i) access to satellite data and products, (ii) use
and application of satellite data and products, (iii) education and training (full questionnaire:
Appendix A).
The survey was promoted via formal invitation letters sent to all Permanent Representatives
(PRs) of Member countries with WMO encouraging broad circulation among major satellite user
organizations and individuals using or planning to use satellite data. Each country could submit
multiple responses.
4RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
2. PARTICIPATION IN THE SURVEY
A total of 33 valid and complete responses were received from RA II and RA V NMHSs in 32
WMO Member countries as listed below (Figure 1).
⚫ RA II (22 institutions):
➢ [Afghanistan] Afghanistan Meteorological Department
➢ [Bahrain] Meteorological Directorate
➢ [Bangladesh] Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD)
➢ [Bhutan] National Center for Hydrology and Meteorology
➢ [China]
China Meteorological Administration (CMA)
National Meteorological Satellite Center (NMSC) of CMA
➢ [Hong Kong, China] Hong Kong Observatory
➢ [India] India Meteorological Department
➢ [Japan] Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
➢ [Kazakhstan] Republic State Enterprise "Kazhydromet”
➢ [Macao, China] Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau
➢ [Maldives] Maldives Meteorological Service
➢ [Mongolia] Information and Research Institute for Meteorology, Hydrology and
Environment of National Agency for Meteorology and Environmental Monitoring of
Mongolia
➢ [Myanmar] Department of meteorology and Hydrology
➢ [Oman] Public Authority for Civil Aviation
➢ [Pakistan] Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD)
➢ [Republic of Korea] Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA)
➢ [Saudi Arabia] General Authority of Meteorology and Environmental Protection
➢ [Sri Lanka] Department of Meteorology
➢ [Thailand] Thai Meteorological Department
➢ [Uzbekistan] Center of Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan
at the Cabinet of Ministers
➢ [Viet Nam] Viet Nam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration
5RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
⚫ RA V (11 institutions)
➢ [Australia] Australian Bureau of Meteorology
➢ [Indonesia] Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency (BMKG)
➢ [Malaysia] Malaysian Meteorological Department
➢ [Micronesia, Federated States of] National Weather Service Office
➢ [New Zealand] Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited
➢ [Papua New Guinea] Papua New Guinea National Weather Service
➢ [Philippines] Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration
➢ [Singapore] Meteorological Service Singapore
➢ [Solomon Islands] Solomon Islands Meteorological Services
➢ [Tonga] Tonga Meteorological Service
➢ [Vanuatu] Vanuatu Meteorological Office
25
22
20
15
11
10
5
0
Region II Region V
Figure 1: Responses by WMO region
6RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
3. USE OF SATELLITES
3.1 Geostationary Satellites Data Use (Q.1)
Question (1)
Please indicate your use of the GEOSTATIONARY satellites listed Figure 2 as of
1 December 2018.
Figure 2: Use of geostationary satellites data.
Figure 2 shows GEO satellite data are mostly used for imagery application, nowcasting, L0, L1,
L2 data and forecast verification. In addition, it is also found from the results that there are
many more responses for Himawari-8/9 than for other satellites because the response scale
broadly reflects the number of total responses within each GEO satellite footprint.
⚫ Comments provided by respondents on satellite data usage (other than those exemplified
in the questionnaire):
➢ [Afghanistan] METEOSAT-8 products that we receive through EUMETCast have
great impact in our forecasts and warnings. We are benefitting it in maximum level.
Products are being received by EUMETCast, interpreted by a tool called TMETVis
and processed with another tool called METCAP+. Both tools are donated by Turkish
State Meteorological Service. We are using EUMETCast products with our
meteorological data processing and visualization tool called METCAP+ for cascading,
overlaying and merging digital satellite image files with prognostic charts, real time
observation data and GFS model products.
➢ [Japan] Used for analysing sea surface temperature.
➢ [Hong Kong, China] Imageries from METEOSAT 0 degree, METEOSAT INDIAN
OCEAN, FY-2G, HIMAWARI-8, GOES-WEST and GOES-EAST were used for
generation of global mosaic imageries available on the Hong Kong Observatory
website (https://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/intersat/satellite/sate.htm) and the
Severe Weather Information Centre 2.0 webpage
(https://severe.worldweather.wmo.int/v2/index.html). AMV products from COMS
and HIMAWARI-8 obtained from GTS platform were operationally used for reference
by weather forecasters.
7RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
➢ [New Zealand] Automated detection and retrieval of volcanic clouds (VOLCAT) with
subsequent alerting.
➢ [Solomon Islands] Used for Tropical Cyclone and aviation products such as TAFs,
SIGMET and ARFOR. Also, we use it for marine and public weather forecast.
➢ [Uzbekistan] Currently using this data from these satellites. FY-2 Reception
equipment out of service.
3.2 Preparation for new-generation GEO Data (Q.2)
Question (2)
Below is a list of future GEOSTATIONARY satellite missions as of 1 December 2018. Please can
you indicate:
(a) The level of challenge you anticipate in utilizing these data
(1=low challenge to 5=high challenge, 0=will not use);
(b) Your readiness to utilize the data from these satellites when they are available;
(c) The level of support you feel that satellite operators are providing to help you with
your planning (e.g. information, training, test data etc.)?
New-generation GEO Satellite:
Level of challenge anticipated
30
cumulative responses
25
20 5 (high challenge)
15 4
10
3
5
2
0
1 (low challenge)
0 (won't use)
Figure 3: Levels of challenge anticipated in utilizing new -generation GEO
satellite data
8RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
New-generation GEO Satellite:
Readiness level
cumulative responses 25
20 We are implementing plans to
15 upgrade our systems
10 We have plans to upgrade our
5 systems
0
We have started the planning
process
We are aware of the mission but
have not acted
Figure 4: Levels of readiness for utilizing new -generation GEO satellite data
New-generation GEO Satellite:
Level of support by satellite operators
30 18
% of 'Good' or 'Very Good'
cumulative responses
25 15
20 12
Very Good
15 9
Good
10 6
Adequate
5 3
Not adequate
0 0
% of Good or Very Good
Figure 5: Levels of support provided by new -generation GEO satellite operators
Figures 3-5 show that many respondents planned to use FY-4B and -4C data but faced
significant related challenges, although the rating of CMA support for such data is relatively
high. User comments indicated a need for information on how FY-4 data can be accessed and:
• Information on dissemination plans for Geo-Kompsat-2A data;
• Advance provision of information on data reception and the format of new-
generation GEO satellite data;
• Advance provision of new-generation GEO satellite test data;
• Support on guidelines and hardware/software setup.
9RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
The comments submitted imply a need for closer interaction between users and satellite
operators.
⚫ All the comments by respondents on readiness and need for support for utilizing new-
generation satellite data:
➢ [Afghanistan] We can use level 2 data from EUMETSAT's METEOSAT 8 covering the
Indian Ocean. We would like to have:
HSAF products
ECMWF digital data through EUMETCast (as we have limited Internet in
Afghanistan)
GFS data through EUMETCast.
➢ [Bangladesh] Due to the position of INSAT and GEO-KOMPSAT satellites over
Bangladesh it will be very much competent for BMD for the services. But
unfortunately, we are not able to contact the particular satellites owner
organizations to help establish the reception system in BMD. Currently Himawari
and FY-2 Satellite are using for the improvement of nowcasting and forecasting
services of BMD.
➢ [Hong Kong, China] In addition to the basic technical specifications of various
instruments on-board of the satellites, it would be useful if more information on the
data format and test data be provided by the satellite operators in advance.
➢ [Indonesia] BMKG has a CMA-cast for receiving FY-2G and still running well. We
need more information how to get FY-4 data. We need more information about the
data dissemination plan for Geo-Kompsat-2A. Is there another option for receiving
data beside from Ground Receiving System (e.g. By cloud or website)?
➢ [Malaysia] Need support on guidelines and system (hardware & software) setup.
➢ [Pakistan] PMD needs more technical support and training for its technical staff to
fully utilize the satellite data for improvement in meteorological and hydrological
services.
➢ [Papua New Guinea] We rarely utilize the data from the current geostationary
satellites that originate particularly from CMA, KMA and NOAA. We would like to
request for these satellite operators to make future arrangements like what JMA
has done for the Asia-Pacific region through the HimawariCast Project in
collaboration with WMO.
➢ [Singapore]
(1) Need for up to date on the latest status of the satellite programs.
(2) Freely available ready-to-use reception and processing software for
L1 products.
➢ [Solomon Islands] Solomon Islands Meteorological Services would be very pleased
to utilize any of the above listed GEOSTATIONARY satellites data if given the
opportunity through kind assistance of any available projects and trainings, either
by WMO or development support by the coordinating groups.
➢ [Tonga] EMWIN system is now connected to GOES-17 with the help of the Pacific
International Training Desk (PITD) from Hawaii.
10RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
3.3 GEO Data Access, Processing, Visualization (Q.3)
Question (3)
How do you currently receive and access satellite data via GEO/LEO satellites and landline
services in RA II and RA V?
How do you currently receive and access
satellite data?
Internet (ftp, http, etc.)
HimawariCast
FY-2 HRIT
CMACast (GEONETCast)
Metop AHRPT
GTS point-to-point
FY-2 LRIT
POES HRPT
FY-4 HRIT
JPSS HRD
FY-4 LRIT
COMS HRIT
GOES GVAR
COMS LRIT
GOES EMWIN
EUMETCast
POES APT
GOES LRIT
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Figure 6: Data access methods
Figure 6 shows that most institutions (88%) access satellite data online. Due to slow and
unstable Internet connections, satellite data from HimawariCast (72%) and other broadcasting
systems (such as CMACast and direct broadcasts) are also popular in some regions.
⚫ All the comments by respondents on data access mechanisms:
➢ [Afghanistan] EUMETCast system is operational and we are receiving METEOSAT
products.
➢ [India] EUMETCast Terrestrial Broadcast link.
➢ [Indonesia] Himawari-Cloud.
➢ [Malaysia] CMA FY-2G Direct Broadcast.
➢ [New Zealand] HimawariCloud.
➢ [Oman] EUMETCast.
➢ [Pakistan] We mostly access the data through ftp servers and have data receiving
stations for FY-2 satellites and CMACast.
➢ [Republic of Korea] KMA is receiving various satellite data through EUMETCast
terrestrial and NESDIS PDA data service.
11RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
➢ [Saudi Arabia] We are using METEOSAT second generation with EUMETCast.
➢ [Uzbekistan].We only use information acquired from METEOSAT-8, METEOSAT-10 and
NOAA-19 and received through our own receiving stations.
⚫ All the comments by respondents on difficulties in accessing satellite data:
➢ [Bhutan] The NMHS Bhutan is receiving data from the HimawariCast since
March 2016. We are equipped with the continuous 10 minutes data. However, we
are still lacking in areas of technical operations of troubleshoot. We would like to
understand further into the operating systems of the HimawariCast. Further
enhancement in utilizing the Himawari data would implement to better forecasting.
➢ [Singapore] There is occasional local interference for direct reception of data from
the JPSS satellites; there are plans to set up another reception system at an
alternative location.
➢ [Maldives] Accessing and downloading satellite data set through the Internet is
difficult due to its large size and slow Internet speed. We prefer and wish to
continue satellite communication technology like CMACast system.
➢ [Japan] We have difficulties in accessing HY-2A SCAT sea surface wind vector data.
The data are available via EUMETCast. But we have no access to EUMETCast data.
The SCAT data access to HY-2A and future HY-2 series via GTS is requested. Also
data access to FY-3D and future FY-3 series satellite data via GTS (GISC) is
requested.
➢ [Afghanistan] Yes, we are having difficulties in accessing different satellite data.
Our Internet capacity is not feasible to receive products from FY-2H or other
meteorological satellites. We are keen to use Indian and Chinese satellites covering
Afghanistan, but we are looking forward for support for building casting systems
instead of Internet access. So that we can integrate the different satellite products
and other available digital products to our existing system and improve our
forecasting and verification capabilities.
➢ [Malaysia] Current system for GEO / LEO is not compatible for needed upgrade
software.
➢ [Papua New Guinea] At the moment, we have a good reception of the
meteorological satellite data via the HimawariCast Reception System and the
Internet.
➢ [Solomon Islands] No, except rainy seasons we experience the Himawari cast disk
is storing rainwater so the incoming data will be affected with poor reception. We
then must drain it out. For web based we do experience minimal Internet outages
at times.
➢ [Mongolia] We are receiving FY4A by CMACast but cannot process this data. Yes,
we are planning address to NMSC of CMA.
➢ [Vanuatu] Himawari satellite data is the only data we received. To date we have no
problem accessing the data. We received the data via http and CAST. We are
looking into getting the data via CLOUD system but need to increase our server
storage capacity before this is requested to JMA.
➢ [Tonga] Accessing satellite via HimawariCast is good but limited only to JMA global
model and some certain observations (ocean winds and SYNOPs). So we depend on
Internet for other satellite products we need, and the Internet connection has been
problematic for about one and half weeks now, in which three days were totally
blackout.
12RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
➢ [Pakistan] Yes, sometimes we faced difficulties in accessing the data due to
Internet issues. However, PMD needs more technical support and training for its
technical staff to fully utilize the satellite data for improvement in
hydrometeorological and aviation service delivery.
➢ [Republic of Korea] FY-4A (AGRI, GIIRS, LMI) real-time data access is needed for
NWP utilization and nowcasting.
13RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
4. USE AND APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE DATA AND PRODUCTS
Question (4)
For each application area in the table in question, indicate the three (3) most important
available parameters (a) and the three (3) most required but not available parameters (b),
utilizing the codes provided in the other table of same question. “Not available” means either
completely unavailable or not available with sufficient accuracy, timeliness or resolution to
meet your requirements.
4.1 Most important available parameters - Q.4 (a)
Table 1 shows the major available parameters from Q.4 (a) (i.e., products with a total score
higher than 10), and Appendix C shows the results for all parameters. Basic cloud information,
such as data on cover and top height, is widely used in areas such as nowcasting and very
short-range forecasting, public weather services and synoptic/aeronautical meteorology, while
quantitative parameters such as atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) are utilized in global and
regional NWP data assimilation. Similarly, precipitation rate data are used for hydrological
operations, and sea surface temperature data are used for oceanographic and climate
purposes. The table clearly shows which products are used in which fields. By way of example,
cloud products including data on cloud cover and cloud top height, AMVs, low cloud and fog,
lightning detection and volcanic ash are widely used in aeronautical operation.
Table 1. Most important available parameters - Q.4 (a)
Marine meteorology and oceanography
Disaster monitoring and Security
Climatology and climate change
Nowcasting & very short-range
Public Weather Services (PWS)
Global and regional NWP data
Environmental applications
Aeronautical meteorology
Agricultural meteorology
Atmospheric chemistry
Synoptic meteorology
Most important available
Research applications
parameters
assimilation
forecasting
Hydrology
TOTAL
Rank
1 Cloud cover 11 16 9 12 4 3 4 1 5 3 7 4 17 96
2 Cloud imagery 12 9 0 7 5 0 2 1 3 1 6 3 8 57
3 Atmospheric motion vector 7 8 10 6 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 4 2 48
4 Precipitation rate 4 5 3 0 1 4 10 0 2 0 6 1 7 43
5 Cloud base height 6 6 6 5 4 1 2 1 0 1 3 1 4 40
6 Cloud type 4 7 3 4 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 5 29
Atmospheric Instability
6 6 4 3 1 2 0 2 1 1 1 2 1 5 29
Index
8 Cloud Top Temperature 4 3 3 6 1 1 1 0 1 0 3 3 2 28
14RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
Marine meteorology and oceanography
Disaster monitoring and Security
Climatology and climate change
Nowcasting & very short-range
Public Weather Services (PWS)
Global and regional NWP data
Environmental applications
Aeronautical meteorology
Agricultural meteorology
Atmospheric chemistry
Synoptic meteorology
Most important available
Research applications
parameters
assimilation
forecasting
Hydrology
TOTAL
Rank
9 Cloud top height 5 2 3 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 2 23
10 Low cloud and fog 4 1 0 6 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 22
11 Temperature Profile 3 1 4 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 3 3 19
12 Dust 2 1 1 2 1 0 0 2 0 6 1 1 1 18
12 Sea surface temperature 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 7 0 0 2 0 18
12 Aerosol total column 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 2 3 2 1 2 18
15 Lightning detection 4 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 2 15
Wind speed over sea
16 0 2 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 13
surface
17 Fires 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 5 0 1 12
17 Land surface temperature 0 1 1 1 0 4 1 0 3 0 0 0 1 12
17 Rain profile 1 2 1 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 12
20 Drought monitoring 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 1 0 2 0 0 11
Normalized Difference
20 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 2 2 0 1 0 11
Vegetation Index (NDVI)
22 Volcanic ash 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 0 0 10
Wind vector over sea
22 1 3 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
surface
15RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
4.2 Most required but not available parameters Q.4 (b)
Table 2 shows the most required but unavailable parameters from Q.4 (b). As in Table 1, only
products with a total score higher than 10 are shown, and all results are provided in
Appendix C. The table indicates significant demand for information on convective activity, such
as data on atmospheric instability index values and lightning. There is also a high demand for
turbulence data in aeronautical operation and for rain profile data in the hydrological field. The
table clearly indicates where demand for particular products exists in specific areas and is
expected to provide needs for developers of satellite-derived products.
Table 2. Most required but not available parameters - Q.4 (b)
Marine meteorology and oceanography
Disaster monitoring and Security
Climatology and climate change
Nowcasting & very short-range
Public Weather Services (PWS)
Global and regional NWP data
Environmental applications
Aeronautical meteorology
Agricultural meteorology
Most required but not
Atmospheric chemistry
Synoptic meteorology
Research applications
available parameters
assimilation
forecasting
Hydrology
TOTAL
Rank
Atmospheric motion
1 4 7 4 5 4 1 3 3 0 1 1 1 6 40
vector
Atmospheric Instability
2 12 5 3 5 1 1 1 1 0 0 3 4 3 39
Index
3 Aerosol total column 4 5 5 4 2 1 1 5 1 5 1 2 2 38
4 Lightning detection 11 6 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 8 37
Apparent Thermal
5 5 4 5 4 3 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 34
Inertia
6 Drought monitoring 3 0 0 0 0 7 1 0 7 3 4 2 3 30
7 Wind profile 2 4 4 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 4 3 3 24
8 Rain profile 4 4 0 1 0 1 9 0 1 0 0 2 0 22
9 Turbulence 1 1 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 20
10 Precipitation rate 4 3 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 5 19
11 Ocean currents 0 0 1 0 12 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 16
11 Cloud base height 1 2 1 9 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 16
13 Soil moisture 0 0 0 0 0 8 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 14
16RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
Marine meteorology and oceanography
Disaster monitoring and Security
Climatology and climate change
Nowcasting & very short-range
Public Weather Services (PWS)
Global and regional NWP data
Environmental applications
Aeronautical meteorology
Agricultural meteorology
Most required but not
Atmospheric chemistry
Synoptic meteorology
Research applications
available parameters
assimilation
forecasting
Hydrology
TOTAL
Rank
14 Ozone profile 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 6 2 2 0 1 0 13
14 Fires 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 4 5 0 0 13
16 Precipitation index 1 4 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 12
Sea level / Sea surface
16 1 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 12
height
16 Temperature Profile 1 4 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 12
16 Land surface features 1 0 1 1 0 3 2 0 1 2 0 0 1 12
Chlorophyll
20 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 2 1 2 1 0 0 11
concentration
Wave
21 period/direction/spectr 0 0 0 0 8 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 10
um
17RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
4.3 Optimal temporal frequency of geostationary satellite data (Q.5)
Question 5
(a) What would be the optimal temporal frequency of geostationary satellite data delivery
suitable for your operations (forecast, warning, advisory, etc.)?
Figure 7: Optimal temporal frequency of geostationary satellite data
As indicated in Figure 7, 24 respondents (out of 31 for this question) stated that an
observation frequency of 10 minutes was sufficient for effective prediction and identification of
rapidly developing thunderstorms. This frequency is also useful for monitoring other extreme
phenomena such as bushfires. One respondent noted that the 10-minute frequency aligns well
with surface-based observations, and respondents who had used 2.5-minute frequency
observation data commented on their value in nowcasting for localized convective
thunderstorms and tropical cyclones in the rapid intensification stage. Rapid-scan data thus
support in-depth analysis of evolving weather systems.
⚫ All the comments by respondents on difficulties in accessing satellite data:
➢ [Kazakhstan] Since Kazakhstan is located at the center of continent, we think
30 minutes are enough to detect any quickly developing convective cloud.
➢ [Uzbekistan] Monitoring cloud growing.
➢ [CMA(NSMC)] Our application area is environment monitoring and agriculture;
30-minute frequency is enough.
➢ [Pakistan] For aviation and daily weather forecast, we need higher temporal
frequency.
15 minutes
➢ [Mongolia] Because this is what is presently available to us.
18RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
10 minutes
➢ [Bhutan] 10-minutes continuous data has proved to be very effective for our
operations. Since our regions are very small, 10-minutes data adds to studying the
parameters over the covered region. One-hour data or so is very late for regions as
small as ours.
➢ [Oman] For more frequent data the monitoring of weather system will be more
easy and good for issuing warning.
➢ [Maldives] For detecting evolution and movement of rapid development of Meso-
scale convective systems and Meso-scale convective complexes which occur very
frequently and bring heavy rain, thunderstorm within a short period of time.
➢ [Macao] Timely assessment of severe weather
➢ [JMA] For nowcasting, shorter frequency than 10 minutes is preferable. The most
important factor is, however, latency for data delivery. 10-minutes frequency is
enough for forecasting.
➢ [CMA] high-time resolution for detecting the change of clouds.
➢ [Afghanistan] Our real time observation network is reporting 10 minutes. We can
merge and verify our satellite products and apply bias adjustment by using more
frequent and same period data.
➢ [Indonesia] Because condition in tropical area very dynamic, need a frequent data
to monitoring and make an early warning for severe weather.
➢ [Papua New Guinea] From the operational standpoint, rapid imaging at a temporal
frequency of 10 minutes is ideal for the effective detection and monitoring of
convective storms.
➢ [Philippines] This gives us near real-time storm development which will help to
predict better lead time for the onset of developing severe weather or storm.
➢ [Saudi Arabia] Five minutes or less, it is useful for nowcasting.
➢ [New Zealand] Other data such as radar, land-based stations arrive at a similar or
higher frequency.
➢ [Bangladesh] In case of nowcasting service latest information is required.
➢ [Australia] High-frequency satellite imagery is extremely useful for rapidly evolving
severe weather such as thunderstorm outbreaks and large fires.
Other frequency
➢ [Singapore] Two minutes. Localized convective thunderstorms that have a rapid
development cycle are the predominant weather systems in Singapore. Hence,
higher temporal frequency of data delivery will be ideal for our operational
purposes. There are also other considerations such as the data reception volume
and the latency.
➢ [Hong Kong, China] 10 minutes would be enough for monitoring the evolution of
weather systems but one-minute rapid scan data would be useful for monitoring
hazardous weather such as tropical cyclones. The higher temporal frequency shows
more details of the evolution of cloud systems for the provision of forecast and
warning services. One-minute rapid scan data would enable in-depth analysis of the
changes of weather systems, e.g. analysing the structure of a tropical cyclone for
evaluating its intensity change
➢ [Thailand] 2.5 for specific event such as, TC, Thunderstorm, Forest Fire
19RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
Question 5 (b)
Evaluate the positive or negative impact of traditional GEO imagery on your work.
Figure 8: Impact of conventional GEO imagery on work practices
For the purposes of this questionnaire, conventional imagery is defined as high-resolution VIS
(HRV), infrared window imagery and water vapor band imagery (WV). Figure 8 shows that HRV
imagery has the most significant impact on the work practices of forecasters, although IR and
WV imagery are also very important. Only 2 of the 33 responders reported no use of WV
imagery.
⚫ All the comments by respondents on satellite imagery.
➢ [Bhutan] The Center is utilizing the high resolution visible, infrared and water
vapour band for daily short-range forecasting. These bands are the most effective
and easy to understand bands.
➢ [Oman] All mentioned satellite imagery is very useful for monitoring and research
aspect.
➢ [Kazakhstan] Satellite data of visible band and infrared imagery clearly shows a
cloud cover and its thickness.
➢ [Afghanistan] Himawari is not covering Afghanistan.
20RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
➢ [Malaysia] Higher spatial and temporal resolution of Himawari Standard Data
(HSD). Those imageries are able to represent weather patterns of Malaysia.
➢ [Solomon Islands] We use Himawari satellite data on daily basis for our forecasts
preparations. We found Himawari to be the best. We are so pleased with these
products.
➢ [Mongolia] In general we need data of FY4A.
➢ [Australia] These are the more important satellite products.
Question 5 (c)
Evaluate the positive or negative impact of the latest available GEO satellite RGB and derived
products on your work.
Figure 9: Impact of RGB products on work practices
21RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
Figure 9 shows that Natural Color RGB has the greatest impact on work practices for its ease
of interpretation, and numerous other RGB products were highly rated. Day Convective Storm
RGB was reported as being useful for prediction of convective precipitation and hail. Fifteen
responders reported no Sandwich product usage.
⚫ All the comments by respondents on RGB imagery.
➢ [Bhutan] The Natural Color RGB has a positive impact because the colour
interpretation is easy to read. However, other features have almost no impact
because the colour interpretation is not very clear. It is very difficult to different
between the colours. The Center had not been able to use the True Color RGB since
only one visible channel is available due to limited network bandwidth of the
HimawariCast. However, we have already showed our concerns to the JMA.
Accordingly, we have requested for all band through a HimawariCloud to the JMA.
We have also not used the Sandwich product. We do not have much idea on this
product.
➢ [Oman] All mentioned RGB products are very useful for monitoring and research
aspect.
➢ [Singapore] Other non-EUMETSAT RGB recipes developed in recent years should be
promoted as well.
➢ [Afghanistan] METEOSAT-8 products that we receive through EUMETCast have
great impact in our forecasts and warnings.
➢ [Solomon Islands] Best product. Really good. We are pleased with these products.
➢ [Tonga] All these different types of satellite channels help with our forecasting
analysis.
➢ [New Zealand] We see large positive impact for ash and true colour RGBs, used by
the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAAC).
4.4 Satellite data/products (Q.6)
Question (6)
The purpose of this question is to identify satellite data/products that could improve your
service (forecast, warning, advisory, etc.) for weather-related hazards.
(a) List your country's top three weather-related hazards for which the use of satellite
data is crucial in the provision of meteorological services (forecasts, warnings,
advisory, etc.) (Select one of the options)
(b) How has the use of the latest available geostationary (GEO) satellite data improved
your ability in detecting/monitoring the hazards, when compared to previous
generation satellite data? (Select one of the options)
22RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
Figure 10: Satellite data/products contributing to improved services Q.6 (a), (b)
As shown in Figure 10, the top hazards in RA-II/V are (a) lightning, (b) flash floods, and
(c) tropical cyclones. For these phenomena, the new generation GEO data were categorized as
having either "significantly improved" or "improved" forecasting capacity to detect and monitor
the hazards as compared to previous-generation satellite data. Figures for strong-wind data
are similar to those for tropical cyclones, but the new-generation GEO data represent a smaller
contribution than those for tropical cyclones.
The low response rate for other hazards may be partly explained by the fact that the survey
addressed only the top three natural hazards. Those rated highly are likely to be common
across the region, whereas phenomena such as smoke, dust and haze would not be a
significant issue over the Pacific Islands, and storm surge would not be an issue for landlocked
nations.
Respondents indicated that training is required for better usage and discovery of products
supporting response to coastal flooding, hailstorms, strong winds, bushfires, thunderstorms,
lightning and heatwaves.
23RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
Question 6 (c)
For each hazard indicate up to five (5) most important satellite data/products currently used
by your staff in charge of weather-related hazards along with traditional imagery.
Satellite products used for
weather-related hazards
Tropical cyclone Thunderstorm or lightning Hailstorm
Strong winds Heavy snow Flash flood
Forest or wild land fire Tornado Drought
Landslide or mudslide Volcanic events Sandstorm
Freezing rain Dense fog Heat wave
Coastal flooding Storm surge Smoke/Dust/Haze
River flooding
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Airmass RGB…
Cloud Type RGB…
High resolution…
Himawari High Pass…
3.9 micron band (for…
COMS Convective…
Night Microphysics…
Day Convective…
TERRA and AQUA…
GOES-16 Total…
BOM/BMKG…
Day Microphysics…
Color enhanced…
MODIS Bands 7-2-1…
True Color RGB…
Sea surface winds (as…
VIIRS Day/Night…
COMS Cloud Top…
COMS Cloud Top…
COMS Water Vapor…
Lightning mapper…
Dvorak enhanced…
Blended microwave…
1.6 micron NIR and…
Microwave TPW and…
MODIS product…
Split window method…
Other
Water vapor bands
Global Rainfall Map
Ash RGB
JMA SWFDP products
Sandwich product
Dust RGB
Cloud Phase RGB
Figure 11: Results for current major satellite data/products Q.6 (c)
The survey feedback indicated that the top products used by forecasters are (i) color-enhanced
IR, (ii) high-resolution VIS, and (iii) WV-band data (Figure 11). Among other data, Global
Rainfall Maps and Sandwich products are used for flash-flood events, while Dvorak-enhanced
IR products and satellite-derived sea-surface winds are used for tropical-cyclone events.
⚫ All of the comments by respondents on the use of other data/products.
➢ [Bhutan] For thunderstorm or lightning and landslide or mudslide: High-Resolution
Infrared band, Wind profiles, precipitation and rain profiles. For Strong winds: GSM
NWP products.
➢ [Maldives] For Flash flood: FY2 and INSAT images.
➢ [JMA] For volcanic event: NOAA AVHRR, MetOp-A, B AVHRR
➢ [Indonesia] For Forest or wild land fire: 1. hotspot product from MODIS and VIIRS
NPP; 2. RGB smoke from BMKG; 3. Hotspot product from Himawari-8
➢ [India] For Thunderstorm or lightning and Heat wave: INSAT 3D /3DR products and
Imagery
24RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
➢ [Myanmar] For Tropical cyclone, River flooding and Strong winds : Satellite imagery
(IR bands)
➢ [Hong Kong, China]
For Tropical cyclone: Scatterometers
For thunderstorm or lightning: Convective Initiation and Rapid Development
Thunderstorm Products generated by EUMETSAT SAF NWC GEO software
(c) Regarding satellite data and products what would help you improve your services for
these hazards?
Most respondents suggested that more training, faster/more reliable communications, and
data and processing tools would be of value. Specific areas where more training is required
include:
• Interpreting and analysis of data
• Tailored training for specific regions
• Training on the FY-4 lightning mapper data
• Advanced techniques for severe convection.
⚫ All the comments by respondents on the requirements for the data and products
improving the services for these hazards.
➢ [Bhutan] The Center has limited capacity and knowledge to interpret the data for
analysis.
➢ [Kazakhstan] Weather forecasters have difficulties to interpret them in a
forecasting. We do have a gap in fully understanding satellite images.
➢ [Singapore] Lower data latency and training content tailored for the region.
➢ [Maldives] Training is needed to discover available data and to best utilize in
research and application in weather forecasting. Huge data sets need better
Internet and other communication facilities for getting access to readily available
data and products. Data processing software are needed to maximize the utilization
of available data sets.
➢ [Japan] SATAID software developed by JMA is useful for satellite analysis by
overlaying various types of observation data and NWP products.
➢ [China] With more training, communications and processing software/tools, users
can get better understanding of the products and use it conveniently.
➢ [Afghanistan] Satellite data IR and MW has been processed by a system called
Flash Flood Guidance System (FFGS) and merged with NWP data (ICON 9 Km). The
end product called CMORP and used for calculating the basin average precipitation.
The five-year satellite data adjusted with observation data with a process called
"bias adjustment" and then dynamically adjusted with real time observation data
from WIS and this process is called "Dynamic Bias Adjustment"
➢ [Indonesia]
(1) Training about weather satellite imagery and analysis, to improve
capability to make an information and early warning regarding heavy rainfall,
volcanic ash dispersion, smoke and forest fire;
(2) Data processing software and visualization tools for Volcanic Ash
dispersion, smoke and forest fire.
25RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
➢ [Sri Lanka] Training on satellite data / products interpretation is very much needed.
➢ [Viet Nam] Provide a variety of timely and accurate information to support
forecasting
➢ [Myanmar]Training need for Forecasting Capacity building. We would like to request
that Himawari satellite ground reception system (server, pc....) move from exiting
place to server room where other building is.
➢ [Papua New Guinea] We need more improvements as far as our monitoring
capabilities are concerned. Training on a continuous basis is very vital because that
will help us to identify our weaknesses in terms of how we are correctly utilizing
satellite data and products for their intended purposes. As a result, we can make
necessary improvements in order to competently provide effective and timely
forecasts and warnings of hazards. In addition, we need to have a variety of
reliable satellite receiving systems to enable us to fully access other satellite data
and products apart from the Himawari-8 data and products, which we are already
accustomed to. We also would like to be familiar with other data processing
software and/or visualization tools for mainly research purposes so that we can
contribute more meaningfully in developing and innovating new weather forecasting
techniques.
➢ [Solomon Islands] Attend more workshops and trainings regarding the above-
mentioned hazards. Attend and be given more opportunities to participate in
conferences.
➢ [Hong Kong, China] Training with more examples on the use and interpretation of
GOES-E Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) data or FY4A Lightning Mapping
Imager (LMI) data would be useful. Satellite operators could consider using reliable
cloud services with backup arrangement in the provision of satellite data and
products. Software tools for processing level-1 GLM or LMI data and visualizing the
related lightning events, groups and flashes would be very useful.
➢ [Saudi Arabia] How to use analysis of images data, how to decode the images or
raw data, how to make a new product by using softwares, how to mix channels or
wavelengths together to make something new, how to make a good enhanced
image with high resolution
➢ [New Zealand] Training in advanced satellite techniques for severe convection may
be beneficial to our service.
➢ [Bangladesh] Our forecasters need advanced training on Tropical cyclone,
lightening as well as fog monitoring to improve their knowledge. It will keep them
updated. Though our forecasters have adequate training and knowledge on tropical
cyclones and thunderstorms we do not have any advanced data processing
software and visualization tools to predict and detect those hazards. Internet
service is not up to the mark in here. So direct receiving system is preferable.
➢ [Pakistan] Training will help in understanding various data products and their use in
a more robust and efficient way.
26RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
4.5 The polar orbiting products (Q.7)
Question (7)
Indicate which polar orbiting products that your analysts and forecasters currently use to
improve meteorological and hydrological monitoring and forecast and which products they
would like to use.
Figure 12: General-purpose polar-orbiting satellite products Q.7
The responses show that while there is some use of polar orbiting products in RA-II/V, there
are many members that are not using polar products.
Figure 12 shows survey results for general-purpose polar-orbiting satellite products, including
the well-known and widely used FengYun. WorldView products
(https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/) are also extensively used, presumably due to their
user-friendly web interface. The survey showed that JPSS VIS and IR products are used by less
than half of respondents, while only two respondents reported using NUCAPS and only three
reported using Real Earth.
27RA II and RA V Survey on the Use of Satellite Data 2018
Figure 13: Ocean products Q.7
Figure 13 shows results for ocean products. Sea surface wind information (such as those
provided via the STAR website at
https://manati.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/datasets/ASCATData.php) is used by most respondents.
This popularity may be attributable to the quality of the products (which are up-to-date and
readily available online) as well as the availability of historical data and related training from
various sources. Responses show that Jason products are not as commonly used, perhaps due
to the narrower swath of the related data and larger gaps. In all cases, around five
respondents reported being unaware of these ocean products.
Figure 14: Precipitation products Q.7
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