Webinar 2. Practical integration of climate resilience into WASH strategies and plans - Welcome to the SWA Climate Action Webinar Series
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Welcome to the SWA Climate Action Webinar Series Webinar 2. Practical integration of climate resilience into WASH strategies and plans April 20th 2021
Situating the Webinar Series WEBINAR 3 FINANCE OF THE WASH RESPONSE WEBINAR 1 YES SWA Mutual Accountability Mechanism IDENTIFICATION AND APPRAISAL OF WASH Multi stakeholder space INTEGRATION INTO POLICY SOLUTIONS STAKEHOLDER CLIMATE AND ANALYSIS MAPPING WASH POLICY WEBINAR 2 WASH RISK ASSESSMENT Hazard Assessment NO Exposure Assessment Vulnerability Assessment Capacity Assessment 2
Overview of this presentation • Opening and introduction. Jose Gesti, SWA • Presentation 1: Risk Assessments for WASH. Kidanemariam Jembere, GWP • Presentation 2: WASH climate resilient options: A Generic result frameworks. Silvia Gaya, UNICEF • Bolivia Case Study: Development of a National WASH Risk Assessment. Fernando Salazar, Universidad Mayor de San Simón • Perú Case study: Climate Resilient Sanitation in flood areas. Juan Francisco Miranda. Programa Nacional de Saneamiento Rural. • Discussant 1. Remarks on Climate Resilient Water and Sanitation Safety Planning. Rory Moses McKeown, WHO. • Discussant 2. Remarks on the WaterAid Water Security Framework and its implementation. Jonathan Far, WaterAid. • Q&A 3
SWA Climate Webinar Series Webinar 2: Practical integration of climate resilience into WASH strategies and plans Climate Risk Analyses for WASH Kidanemariam Jembere-Technical Advisor GWP Africa Coordination Unit/Southern Africa Tuesday 20 April 2021 23 March 202 ADC World Water Day 2021 www.gwp.org/en/GWP- www.gwp.org/en/GWP-SouthernAfrica
WASH Climate Resilient Development A risk assessment: “a Identifying, methodology to Risk Assessment Appraising & determine the nature for WASH Prioritizing and extent of risk by Options analysing potential hazards and evaluating existing conditions of vulnerability that together could potentially harm exposed people, Integrating CR property, services, M&E for CR into WASH WASH strategies/Plans livelihoods and the environment on which they depend”. Adapted from UNISDR terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction, UNISDR (2009) https://www.gwp.org/en/WashClimateResilience/
Understanding Climate Risk Risk results from the interaction of hazard, exposure Communities , instituions and vulnerability. Capacity also influences risk: high capacity reduces risk Capacity Flood Flood prone areas Adapted from IPCC ü Who, ü What is What is ü How ü What the exposed vulnerabl capacit hazard? to e are ies Risk Analysis: ü What is hazard, those exist to its ü what is exposed influen nature & the to hazard ce risk extent extent
Components of exposure, vulnerability and capacity Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Capacity FLOOD Communities that those that are Communities are residing in flood- poor & exposed to prone areas no road access flood hazard
Assessing Hazards Hazard Frequency Duration Intensity Geographic extent Time of year Step 1: Identify Hazards High-level assessment Detailed climate assessment Step 2: Score Hazards Score each hazard (1 to 3) based on the Score each hazard (1 to 3) based on a range of characteristics of main characteristic(s) of the hazard the hazard which may result in more than one risk One characteristic scoring system: Two characteristics:
Assessing Hazards High-level assessment Detailed climate assessment Step 3: Assign a One confidence score is assigned for each Two confidence scores are assigned, one for the hazard in the confidence score hazard present day and one for hazard in future Hazard Hazard score Present day Confidence Future Confidence Not expected to occur Landslide L Rarely occurs M H more frequently Low frequency, Low frequency, high Tropical Cyclone M H M high intensity intensity Classification of confidence § High Confidence: Based on reliable information or analysis with a strong theoretical basis and widely accepted within the sector. § Medium Confidence: grounded in theory, using accepted methods and with some agreement across the sector. § Low Confidence: view based on limited information or very basic estimation methods. Based on the classification of confidence from Defra (2012) Climate Change Risk Assessment Methodology Report, UK 2012 Climate Change Risk Assessment, Defra, London.
Assessing Exposure High-level assessment Detailed climate assessment Step 1: Identify Use stakeholder engagement to Supported by more evidence and expert knowledge exposure identify and score exposure In identifying exposure, check whether the hazard will affect: Hazard Exposure • Any people (if so, any specific groups such as children) Flooding People, infrastructure (latrines), • Critical infrastructure • Water sources (if so, are these primary water sources?) • Any other types of assets in the area Step 2: Score Hazard Exposure High Medium Low exposure Flooding People 1 Flooding infrastructure (latrines), 3 Some suggested indicators of exposure to help scoring
Assessing Vulnerability High-level assessment Detailed climate assessment Step 1: Select vulnerability Get a single score for each component Score factors for each component elements/questions High-Level assessment Component Element/Question Assessment High Medium Low Step 2: Score Environmental degradation is high Rate of environmental degradation components of Environmental Are water sources adequately protected? Water sources are not adequately 3 protected vulnerability Detailed assessment Component Element/Question Assessment High Medium Low Rate of environmental degradation Environmental degradation is high 3 Environmental Water sources are not adequately Are water sources adequately protected? 3 protected
Assessing Capacity Step 1: Select High-level assessment Detailed climate assessment capacity elements/questions Scores to prioritize risks to identify CR WASH options. Scores Identify elements/questions not used to determine the overall risk score High-Level assessment Step 2: Score Component Element/Question Assessment components Are there any community preparedness plans? There are plans but not detailed enough Social Are social networks in place? There are social networks useful for capcity to respond Detailed assessment Component Element/Question Assessment High Medium Low Are there any community preparedness There are plans but not detailed 2 plans? enough Social There are social networks useful for Are social networks in place? 3 capacity to respond
Risk Prioritization Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Description Score Description Score Description Score Score Rank Physical-infrastructure- Human- Flooding 3 3 2 18 1 latrines communities Land sliding 2 Environmental 2 Environmental 3 12 2 Tropical cyclone 2 Physical 3 Social 3 18 1 Check the following: § Are you satisfied with the total number of risks to take forward for further analysis? § Are there any risks in the prioritised list that you think should not be included? § Are there any risks not in the prioritised list that you think should be included?
Sensitivity Analysis § Conduct sensitivity analysis for any hazards, exposures and vulnerabilities when there is uncertainty or disagreement. Take another look at the way they have been scored especially where there is a low or medium confidence score. This helps to know whether the outcome would change if scored differently § Sensitivity analysis is useful as it enables further investigation of the scores and can be used to ensure that there is agreement across the group involved in the assessment. For example you might score flooding based on its frequency and intensity, but not sure whether it would be best to score it based on the geographical extent § Sensitivity analysis can be done when a specific step has been completed, or it can be done at the end of the process when you are compiling and prioritizing the list of risks.
Thank You
A Strategic Framework for Climate Resilient WASH options April 2021
Outline of the presentation • The Sector Wide GWP- UNICEF Strategic Framework for Climate Resilient WASH development • Climate Resilient WASH options
A Sector wide Strategic framework for Climate Resilient WASH Development Also in French/Spanish/Portuguese
Climate resilient WASH options to ensure 3 key objectives 1 2 3 Ensure that WASH Ensure that resilient WASH infrastructure and services systems contribute to reduce Advance towards a low carbon WASH sector are sustainable, safe and vulnerability and build resilient to climate related community resilience to risks adapt to the impacts of climate change
Climate resilient WASH options at 3 strategic levels 1. National level 2. Subnational/Watershed level 3. Local & Project level
Results Framework for WASH Climate Resilience OUTCOME WASH infrastructure and services are sustainable and resilient to climate related risks; and WASH contributes to build community resilience to climate change NATIONAL LEVEL SUBNATIONAL / PROJECT & LOCAL LEVEL INTERMEDIATE OUTCOME WATER BASIN 1. An ENABLING LEVEL 4. Climate ENVIRONMENT 3. ACCESS to conducive to 2. Water resources climate resilient resilient climate resilient are MONITORED WASH BEHAVIORAL WASH services and MANAGED infrastructure CHANGE and and communities considering climate and services GOVERNANCE at risks to WASH community and services local level
Thank You © UNICEF/SUDA2014-XX228/Noorani
Estudio de caso de Bolivia: Desarrollo de una evaluación nacional de riesgos WASH Expositor: Fernando Salazar Ortuño, Docente – Investigador IESE, Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS) Abril 2021
EXPERIENCIA DE APLICACIÓN DE Taskforce Cambio Climático WASH BAT Nacional EN BOLIVIA • 2021 Población de 11.842.000. • Compromisos internacionales. • 2001 – 2015. Objetivos del milenio: El 79% de cobertura de agua y 50% de saneamiento. • Agenda 2030: Objetivo es agua asequible y limpia para todos. • 2030 Poner fin a la defecación al aire libre. • SITUACIÓN DEL AGUA EN BOLIVIA. • 2020. Proyección • Área urbana es llegar a 95 % de agua potable y 80 % de saneamiento • Sector rural alcanzar el 70 % de agua y 60% de saneamiento. • 2025 • 100% cobertura de agua.
SITUACIÓN DE ABASTECIMIENTO DE AGUA EN CAPITALES DE BOLIVIA • Multisistemas de agua en área metropolitana de Cochabamba
SITUACIÓN DE ABASTECIMIENTO DE AGUA EN CAPITALES DE BOLIVIA
SITUACIÓN REGULAR DE ABASTECIMIENTO DE AGUA
SITUACIÓN DE ABASTECIMIENTO DE AGUA EN MOMENTOS DE CRISIS
PROCESO DE APLICACIÓN Taskforce Cambio Climático WASH BAT 1. Creación de plataforma nacional de expertos en temática de agua para consumo humano y alcantarillado. Participan más de 18 representantes de instituciones académicas universitarias, Centros de Investigación, ONG´s y Consultores del país. Socialización de la propuesta metodológica por equipo SIWI-UNICEF. Se define una agenda de trabajo. 2. Se ajusta las prioridades de los componentes de la metodología WASH BAT al contexto nacional • Floodings Amenazas • Droughts • Glacier retreat • Minig pollution Exposición • Waste water pollution • Forest fires Vulnerabilidad • Agroindustry pollution
- FLOODINGS - Low extension, high intensity High extension, high intensity Very high (approx. 84% of the country's Medium – 2 points High – 3 points A. Score system – Intensity municipalities), mainly covering the Low extension, low intensity High extension, low intensity departments of Pando, Beni (Amazon area present days Low – 1 points Medium – 2 points and floodplains), northern La Paz (Amazon Geographical extent area), northern Cochabamba (Chapare area) and part of Santa Cruz (integrated northern Geographical extent area, Chiquitanía, Llanos). It also affects urban areas in the form of landslides (e.g. La Paz, Tiquipaya, etc.). Frecuency High recurrence. Low extension, high intensity High extension, high intensity Duration High, 6 months. B. Score system – Medium – 2 points High – 3 points Intensity High. The intensity of the hazard is higher expected future Low extension, low intensity High extension, low intensity Intensity with the phenomena of El Niño or La Niña. Low – 1 points Medium – 2 points Time of year Rainy season, from October to March For the scenarios RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 an increase in water supply is expected in the Geographical extension Expected future basins of the extreme north and east of the country that would result in a high risk of Geographical extension, Intensity flooding. Class Score Present days Expected future Other High extension, high Increases the succession of slides. High High extension, high intensity 3 characteristic? intensity C. Clasification Medium High extension, low High extension, low intensity; or High extension 2 intensity and expected to increase in intensity system Low extension, High Low extension, high intensity; or expected to Medium 2 intensity increase in extension, High intensity Low extension, low Low extension, low intensity; or not Low 1 intensity expected to occur in the future
- DROUGHTS - High (approx. 67.06% of the country's municipalities). Mainly areas of the Altiplano Low extension, high frecuency High extension, high frecuency in the departments of Cochabamba, Oruro, Medium – 2 points High – 3 points Frecuency Geographical extent Potosi and La Paz; inter-Andean valleys of A. Score system – Low extension, low frecuency High extension, low frecuency Cochabamba, Chuquisaca and Tarija; and the Chaco in the departments of Tarija, Santa Cruz present days Low – 1 points Medium – 2 points and Chuquisaca. Frecuency Medium recurrence. Geographical extension Duration High, all the year. High and incremental for cumulative effects year after year. The intensity of the threat is Low extension, high frecuency High extension, high frecuency Intensity high and when the phenomena of the girl or Medium – 2 points High – 3 points Frecuency boy is much greater. B. Score system – Low extension, low frecuency High extension, low frecuency Time of year Dry season, from April to September, and wet expected future Low – 1 points Medium – 2 points season, from October to March In the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the Pilcomayo basin and the Altiplano macro- Geographical extension Expected future basin will have high and very high scarcity rates, reducing water supply by more than 50% with respect to 2015 values. Geographical extension, frecuency Triggering factor for other adverse and Class Score catastrophic events such as glacier retreat and Present days Expected future Other High extension, high forest fires. They are closely linked to the High High extension, high frecuency 3 characteristic? frecuency phenomena of land use change and deforestation. C. Clasification Medium High extension, low High extension, low frecuency; or High extension 2 frecuency and expected to increase in frecuency system Low extension, High Low extension, high frecuency; or expected to Medium 2 frecuency increase in extension, High frecuency Low extension, low Low extension, low frecuency; or not Low 1 frecuency expected to occur in the future
- GLACIER RETREAT- Muy alta. Las consecuencias de esta amenaza Geographical extent se extienden a escala nacional. Alta, incrementándose en la fase ENSO – El Frecuency Niño. Duration Continua, todo el año. Muy alta, las pérdidas de espesor se Intensity encuentran entre 600 a 1000 mm. Todo el año, mayor en la época húmeda (de Intensity Time of year Class Score octubre a marzo). Present days Expected future El aumento de las temperaturas esperadas en High or expected to increase in High High intensity 3 los Andes generará un incremento del A. Clasification the future derretimiento de los glaciares, que se verá Not expected to increase in the Expected future acelerado también por el hecho de que la system Medium High intensity future 2 mayoría de los glaciares han alcanzado su Medium Low intensity Expected to increase in the future 2 pico hídrico o están a punto de hacerlo. Factor desencadenante de otros eventos Not expected to increase or occur adversos y catastróficos como inundaciones Low Low intensity 1 in the future Other súbitas. Están estrechamente vinculados a los characteristic? fenómenos de cambio de uso de suelo, deforestación, incendios forestales y chaqueos.
- MINING POLLUTION- Low extension, high intensity High extension, high intensity Medium-high. Katari Basin, Poopó Lake, Medium – 2 points High – 3 points A. Score system – Intensity Choqueyapu, Pampa Huari River, Suches, Low extension, low intensity High extension, low intensity Geographical extent Cotagaita, Tupiza and Madre de Dios; Salar de present days Low – 1 points Medium – 2 points Uyuni and Eduardo Avaroa Reserve. Frecuency It continues throughout the year. Duration It continues throughout the year. Geographical extension Very high, it increases in the rainy season Intensity because of surface washing due to runoff water. Low extension, high intensity High extension, high intensity Medium – 2 points High – 3 points B. Score system – Intensity Time of year It continues throughout the year. Low extension, low intensity High extension, low intensity It is predicted to increase in the future due to expected future Low – 1 points Medium – 2 points its strategic role in the national economy. Recent government statements place, for Expected future Geographical extension example, the exploitation of Lithium as a central element for post-COVID economic recovery19 . Extensión, intensidad Clase Puntuación Tiempo presente Tiempo futuro It promotes deforestation processes, soil and Alta extensión, alta Other water removal and contamination, alteration Alto Alta extensión, alta intensidad 3 intensidad characteristic? of hydrological systems, expropriation of Alta extensión, baja Alta extensión, baja intensidad; o Alta extensión y natural resources and favors social conflicts. C. Clasification Medio intensidad se espera que incremente la intensidad 2 system Baja extensión, alta Baja extensión, alta intensidad; o se espera que Medio 2 intensidad incremente la extensión, Alta intensidad Baja extensión, baja Baja extensión, baja intensidad; o se espera que Bajo 1 intensidad no ocurra en el futuro
- WASTE WATER POLLUTION- By 2016, 30.5% of the population had wastewater Geographic treatment coverage. Greater threat to the basins of the al extent most populated cities: La Paz, Choqueyapu, Rocha, Piraí and Katari rivers. Frecuency Continuous. Low extension, high intensity High extension, high intensity Duration Permanent all year round. Medium – 2 points High – 3 points A. Score system – Intensity Greater in areas with more population and economic and Low extension, low intensity High extension, low intensity industrial development. In the rainy season, the amount of water collected by sanitary sewers increases, discharging present days Low – 1 points Medium – 2 points untreated wastewater directly to water bodies and Intensity increasing the risk of WWTP collapse due to the Geographical extension capacity/volume ratio. It involves the mixing of rainwater and wastewater but not necessarily greater pollution. Low extension, high intensity High extension, high intensity Time of Medium – 2 points High – 3 points Continuous. B. Score system – Intensity year Low extension, low intensity High extension, low intensity The State's planning foresees: expected future Low – 1 points Medium – 2 points • Investment to increase PTAR coverage to 65%, with a reduction in the level of contamination of basins and water bodies and, in the long term, a recovery of water Geographical extension quality. • Greater control and supervision of domestic, industrial and other discharges. Georephical extention, inetnsity • Reuse of treated water for irrigation and use of Class Score Expected Present days Expected future stabilized sludge as soil improvers. future High extension, high • Technological development in accordance with the High High extension, high intensity 3 intensity climatological, economic and social reality (different sanitation solutions). C. Clasification Medium High extension, low High extension, low intensity; or High extension 2 intensity and expected to increase in intensity • Social development with the participation of the users. system Low extension, High Low extension, high intensity; or expected to • Development of cities with equitable access to Medium 2 sanitation and wastewater treatment services, with intensity increase in extension, High intensity quality and climate resilience. Low extension, low Low extension, low intensity; or not Low 1 intensity expected to occur in the future
- FOREST FIRES- Principalmente en los departamentos de Santa Low extension, high intensity High extension, high intensity Geographical Cruz, Beni, Tarija, Pando y parte de Cochabamba Medium – 2 points High – 3 points extent A. Score system – Intensity y La Paz. Low extension, low intensity High extension, low intensity Greater in the dry season, coinciding with soil present days Low – 1 points Medium – 2 points Frecuency preparation activities (chaqueos, June/July- September). Duration June/july – october/november Geogrephical extension High, serious affectations to forest areas, agricultural lands, pastures, natural protected Intensity areas. Associated with droughts, which increase Low extension, high intensity High extension, high intensity the intensity. Medium – 2 points High – 3 points B. Score system – Intensity Time of year Dry season. Low extension, low intensity High extension, low intensity In a context of global warming and increased rate expected future Low – 1 points Medium – 2 points of deforestation, conditions will be generated to Expected future increase the frequency and intensity of forest fires. Geogrephical extension Link to processes of change in land use due to the advance of the agricultural frontier and the Georephical extention, inetnsity Class Score expansion of human settlements, loss of Present days Expected future biodiversity, increase in GHG emissions and High extension, high High High extension, high intensity 3 Other environmental contaminants, effect on the intensity characteristic? melting of glaciers, contamination of water High extension, low intensity; or High High extension, low sources, impact on water storage in the soil, Medium extension and expected to increase in 2 impact on livelihoods, health and infrastructure. C. Clasification intensity intensity Advancement of agribusiness, decree on system Low extension, High Low extension, high intensity; or expected transgenics. Climate and socio-cultural issues. Medium 2 intensity to increase in extension, High intensity Low extension, low Low extension, low intensity; or not Low 1 intensity expected to occur in the future
- FOREST FIRESAGROINDUSTRY POLLUTION-
Gracias
Estudio de caso de Perú: Módulos de Sistema de Saneamiento en Zonas Rurales: Caso Loreto Expositor: Juan Francisco Miranda Leyva , Coordinador General del Programa de Agua Potable y Saneamiento para la Amazonía Rural – PNSR- MVCS Abril 2021
ÁMBITO DE INTERVENCIÓN DEL PROGRAMA AMAZONIA RURAL LORETO PROVINCIAS DE MAYNAS, LORETO Y AMAZONAS ALTO AMAZONAS PROVINCIA DE BAGUA DISTRITOS DE SAN JUAN BAUTISTA, DISTRITO DE IMAZA NAUTA Y BALSAPUERTO 33 PROYECTOS 66 PROYECTOS 13,810 BENEFICIARIOS 25,173 BENEFICIARIOS S/ 148.5 MILLONES S/ 320 MILLONES N° DE CONEXIONES DE AGUA: 3,517 N° DE CONEXIONES DE AGUA: 5,897 SAN MARTÍN METAS DEL PROGRAMA PROVINCIAS DE MOYOBAMBA Y RIOJA 146 Proyectos, 162 localidades, DISTRITOS DE MOYOBAMBA, 07 distritos, 6 Provincias JEPELACIO Y NUEVA CAJAMARCA 47 PROYECTOS 63,583 Personas beneficiadas 24,600 BENEFICIARIOS 16,368 Conexiones de Agua S/ 208.8 MILLONES N° DE CONEXIONES DE AGUA: 6,954 16,650 Conexiones de Saneamiento US $ 275.58 millones
Antecedentes de la iniciativa • La selva baja (Loreto, Amazonas y Ucayali) presenta dificultades para contar con un buen sistema de agua y saneamiento por ser zonas inundables (y que vayan acorde al contexto cultural de la zona). • Brecha de cobertura nacional (22.9%) en acceso a agua. Selva baja con indicadores alarmantes. Loreto, por ejemplo, tiene 74.9%. • Brecha de cobertura de disposición sanitaria de excretas alcanza un 70.4% que representa una población estimada de 4,844,088 habitantes del ámbito rural.
Antecedentes de la iniciativa • Prioridad para el país. Plan Bicentenario, Plan Nacional de Saneamiento y ODS 6 y 8. • Todo Proyecto del Programa se articula a nivel institucional y comunal: Gobierno Regional, Gobierno Local, Federaciones nativas y comunidad en general. • Presupuesto estimado: El módulo de saneamiento para zonas rurales contempla captación de agua de lluvia y Unidad Básica de Saneamiento. Promedio de 60,000 soles (US $ 20 Mil aprox).
Teoría de cambio Enfermedades diarreicas Instalación de Temporada de agudas, módulos de lluvia en anemia, saneamiento Amazonía desnutrición para zonas (inundaciones) crónica infantil, rurales dengue, muerte Reducción de Consumo de enfermedades. agua no segura Ahorro en salud Río contaminado para el Estado Disposición de (Aprox. 150 soles excretas por inadecuada persona/año)
Módulos de sistema de saneamiento para zonas rurales
Sistema de captación de agua de lluvia Componentes del Sistema: 1. Techo de Aluzinc (40 a 50 m2) 2. Tanque de 250 litros, para las primeras aguas (polvo, maleza, etc.) 3. Dos tanques de almacenamiento de 2,500 litros. 3 4. Bomba manual. 5. Clorador en Línea. 6. Tanque elevado de 250 litros. 6 2 4 5 1
Unidad Básica de Saneamiento con compostera 2 1 UBS ecoinodo Ducha 5 ventan r a 4 6 lavadero Lava manos 3
Desafíos y Lecciones aprendidas Desafíos Lecciones aprendidas • Acercamiento a la población de • Diálogo con las autoridades comunidades nativas. comunales y Federaciones. • El factor climatológico limita la • Ingreso y planificación de ejecución de los Proyectos de proyectos en meses sin lluvia e manera mas dinámica. inundación y aplicar plazos cortos • Empresas contratistas dispuestas para la ejecución oportuna. a ejecutar en zonas agrestes • Enfoque intercultural e • Llegar al lugar más recóndito de involucramiento a todo nivel. la Amazonía Rural. • La implementación de la • Cerrar brecha en temas de agua y infraestructura es un medio para saneamiento. lograr el objetivo. Se requiere un • Contribuir a la erradicación de fuerte acompañamiento social. EDAS, anemia y desnutrición crónica infantil.
Proceso constructivo del Proyecto del Centro Poblado 13 de febrero, Nauta, Iquitos • N° de beneficiarios: 667 habitantes • N° de conexiones domiciliares: 182 • Monto de inversión: US $2.66 millones
¡GRACIAS!
Discussant 1: Remarks on Climate Resilient Water and Sanitation Safety Planning. Rory Moses McKeown. Senior Technical Consultant at WHO
Discussant 2: Remarks on the WaterAid Water Security Framework and its implementation. Jonathan Far. Senior Climate Advisor, WaterAid.
Thank You! We see you soon: Webinar 3 on WASH and Climate Financing (April 29th) The video recordings and presentations of webinars 1 and 2 are available on SWA website For questions or comments, please email at: lucinda.ohanlon@sanitationandwaterforall.org Jose.gesti@sanitationandwaterforall.org
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