Webinar 2. Practical integration of climate resilience into WASH strategies and plans - Welcome to the SWA Climate Action Webinar Series

 
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Webinar 2. Practical integration of climate resilience into WASH strategies and plans - Welcome to the SWA Climate Action Webinar Series
Welcome to the SWA Climate
                    Action Webinar Series

Webinar 2. Practical integration of climate
resilience into WASH strategies and plans

April 20th 2021
Webinar 2. Practical integration of climate resilience into WASH strategies and plans - Welcome to the SWA Climate Action Webinar Series
Situating the Webinar Series

                                   WEBINAR 3

                                  FINANCE OF THE WASH
                                       RESPONSE

              WEBINAR 1     YES

                                                                                      SWA Mutual Accountability Mechanism
                                                                     IDENTIFICATION
                                                                     AND APPRAISAL
                                                                        OF WASH
                                  Multi stakeholder space                                  INTEGRATION INTO
                  POLICY
                                                                       SOLUTIONS
STAKEHOLDER
                                                                                              CLIMATE AND
                 ANALYSIS
  MAPPING                                                                                    WASH POLICY

                                       WEBINAR 2

                                      WASH RISK ASSESSMENT

                                            Hazard Assessment
                            NO
                                          Exposure Assessment

                                          Vulnerability Assessment
                                           Capacity Assessment

                                                                                                                 2
Webinar 2. Practical integration of climate resilience into WASH strategies and plans - Welcome to the SWA Climate Action Webinar Series
Overview of this presentation

•   Opening and introduction. Jose Gesti, SWA

•   Presentation 1: Risk Assessments for WASH.
    Kidanemariam Jembere, GWP
•   Presentation 2: WASH climate resilient options: A
    Generic result frameworks. Silvia Gaya, UNICEF
•   Bolivia Case Study: Development of a National
    WASH Risk Assessment. Fernando Salazar,
    Universidad Mayor de San Simón

•   Perú Case study: Climate Resilient Sanitation in flood
    areas. Juan Francisco Miranda. Programa Nacional de
    Saneamiento Rural.

•   Discussant 1. Remarks on Climate Resilient Water
    and Sanitation Safety Planning. Rory Moses
    McKeown, WHO.

•   Discussant 2. Remarks on the WaterAid Water
    Security Framework and its implementation. Jonathan
    Far, WaterAid.
•   Q&A
                                                             3
Webinar 2. Practical integration of climate resilience into WASH strategies and plans - Welcome to the SWA Climate Action Webinar Series
SWA Climate Webinar Series
                    Webinar 2: Practical integration of climate
                    resilience into WASH strategies and plans

                    Climate Risk Analyses for WASH

                                        Kidanemariam Jembere-Technical Advisor
                                      GWP Africa Coordination Unit/Southern Africa
                                                              Tuesday 20 April 2021

23 March   202   ADC World Water Day 2021                        www.gwp.org/en/GWP-
                                                                  www.gwp.org/en/GWP-SouthernAfrica
Webinar 2. Practical integration of climate resilience into WASH strategies and plans - Welcome to the SWA Climate Action Webinar Series
WASH Climate Resilient Development

A risk assessment: “a                              Identifying,
methodology to             Risk Assessment         Appraising &
determine the nature          for WASH              Prioritizing
and extent of risk by                                Options
analysing potential
hazards and evaluating
existing conditions of
vulnerability that
together could
potentially harm
exposed people,
                                                    Integrating CR
property, services,
                              M&E for CR              into WASH
                               WASH                strategies/Plans
livelihoods and the
environment on which
they depend”.
Adapted from UNISDR
terminology on Disaster
Risk Reduction,
UNISDR (2009)

                           https://www.gwp.org/en/WashClimateResilience/
Webinar 2. Practical integration of climate resilience into WASH strategies and plans - Welcome to the SWA Climate Action Webinar Series
Understanding Climate Risk

                                              Risk results from the interaction of hazard, exposure
                  Communities
                   , instituions
                                              and vulnerability. Capacity also influences risk: high
                                              capacity reduces risk
                                   Capacity
Flood

                    Flood
                    prone
                    areas

            Adapted from IPCC

                                                             ü Who,
                                              ü What is
                                                               What is       ü How            ü What
                                                the
                                                               exposed         vulnerabl        capacit
                                                hazard?
                                                               to              e are            ies
 Risk Analysis:                               ü What is
                                                               hazard,         those            exist to
                                                its
                                                             ü what is         exposed          influen
                                                nature &
                                                               the             to hazard        ce risk
                                                extent
                                                               extent
Webinar 2. Practical integration of climate resilience into WASH strategies and plans - Welcome to the SWA Climate Action Webinar Series
Components of exposure, vulnerability and capacity

Hazard

                   Exposure         Vulnerability          Capacity

                                    FLOOD
                                  Communities that       those that are
                 Communities    are residing in flood-       poor &
                 exposed to         prone areas          no road access
                 flood hazard
Webinar 2. Practical integration of climate resilience into WASH strategies and plans - Welcome to the SWA Climate Action Webinar Series
Assessment Approach

       Climate Risk Analysis
               Tool

https://www.gwp.org/en/WashClimateResilience/
Webinar 2. Practical integration of climate resilience into WASH strategies and plans - Welcome to the SWA Climate Action Webinar Series
Assessing Hazards

                         Hazard           Frequency          Duration     Intensity       Geographic extent       Time of year
   Step 1: Identify
      Hazards

                         High-level assessment                     Detailed climate assessment
Step 2: Score Hazards
                         Score each hazard (1 to 3) based on the   Score each hazard (1 to 3) based on a range of characteristics of
                         main characteristic(s) of the hazard      the hazard which may result in more than one risk

              One characteristic scoring system:                                               Two characteristics:
Webinar 2. Practical integration of climate resilience into WASH strategies and plans - Welcome to the SWA Climate Action Webinar Series
Assessing Hazards

                                    High-level assessment                               Detailed climate assessment
    Step 3: Assign a
                                    One confidence score is assigned for each Two confidence scores are assigned, one for the hazard in the
   confidence score                 hazard                                    present day and one for hazard in future

                                    Hazard                Hazard score      Present day        Confidence    Future                  Confidence

                                                                                                             Not expected to occur
                                    Landslide                    L          Rarely occurs           M                                     H
                                                                                                             more frequently
                                                                            Low frequency,                   Low frequency, high
                                    Tropical Cyclone            M                                   H                                    M
                                                                            high intensity                   intensity

 Classification of confidence

    § High Confidence: Based on reliable information or analysis with a strong theoretical basis and widely accepted within the
      sector.
    § Medium Confidence: grounded in theory, using accepted methods and with some agreement across the sector.
    § Low Confidence: view based on limited information or very basic estimation methods.

Based on the classification of confidence from Defra (2012) Climate Change Risk Assessment
Methodology Report, UK 2012 Climate Change Risk Assessment, Defra, London.
Assessing Exposure

                                    High-level assessment                                  Detailed climate assessment
  Step 1: Identify       Use stakeholder engagement to                     Supported by more evidence and expert knowledge
     exposure            identify and score exposure

                                                                                  In identifying exposure, check whether the hazard will affect:
                          Hazard                     Exposure                        • Any people (if so, any specific groups such as children)
                         Flooding     People, infrastructure (latrines),             • Critical infrastructure
                                                                                     • Water sources (if so, are these primary water sources?)
                                                                                     • Any other types of assets in the area

   Step 2: Score             Hazard                  Exposure              High     Medium        Low
     exposure
                         Flooding         People                                                    1

                         Flooding         infrastructure (latrines),         3

Some suggested
indicators of exposure
to help scoring
Assessing Vulnerability

                                High-level assessment                                          Detailed climate assessment
   Step 1: Select
   vulnerability       Get a single score for each component                                 Score factors for each component
elements/questions
                     High-Level assessment

                     Component        Element/Question                          Assessment                          High       Medium   Low

   Step 2: Score                                                                Environmental degradation is high
                                      Rate of environmental degradation
  components of      Environmental
                                      Are water sources adequately protected?
                                                                                Water sources are not adequately           3
                                                                                protected
   vulnerability

                     Detailed assessment

                      Component       Element/Question                          Assessment                          High       Medium   Low

                                      Rate of environmental degradation         Environmental degradation is high          3

                      Environmental
                                                                                Water sources are not adequately
                                      Are water sources adequately protected?                                              3
                                                                                protected
Assessing Capacity

   Step 1: Select     High-level assessment                               Detailed climate assessment
      capacity
elements/questions                                                        Scores to prioritize risks to identify CR WASH options. Scores
                      Identify elements/questions
                                                                          not used to determine the overall risk score

                     High-Level assessment
   Step 2: Score           Component                             Element/Question                                           Assessment

   components
                                              Are there any community preparedness plans?               There are plans but not detailed enough
                      Social                  Are social networks in place?                             There are social networks useful for capcity to
                                                                                                        respond

                     Detailed assessment
                       Component                 Element/Question                           Assessment                 High            Medium        Low

                                       Are there any community preparedness     There are plans but not detailed
                                                                                                                                            2
                                       plans?                                   enough
                      Social
                                                                                There are social networks useful for
                                       Are social networks in place?                                                          3
                                                                                capacity to respond
Risk Prioritization

           Hazard                            Exposure                          Vulnerability                   Risk

Description          Score     Description                   Score    Description              Score   Score          Rank

                               Physical-infrastructure-               Human-
Flooding                3                                       3                                 2     18             1
                               latrines                               communities

Land sliding            2      Environmental                    2     Environmental               3     12             2

Tropical cyclone        2      Physical                         3     Social                      3     18             1

         Check the following:
           § Are you satisfied with the total number of risks to take forward for further analysis?
           § Are there any risks in the prioritised list that you think should not be included?
           § Are there any risks not in the prioritised list that you think should be included?
Sensitivity Analysis

§ Conduct sensitivity analysis for any hazards, exposures and vulnerabilities
  when there is uncertainty or disagreement. Take another look at the way they
  have been scored especially where there is a low or medium confidence
  score. This helps to know whether the outcome would change if scored
  differently

§ Sensitivity analysis is useful as it enables further investigation of the scores
  and can be used to ensure that there is agreement across the group involved
  in the assessment. For example you might score flooding based on its
  frequency and intensity, but not sure whether it would be best to score it
  based on the geographical extent

§ Sensitivity analysis can be done when a specific step has been completed, or
  it can be done at the end of the process when you are compiling and
  prioritizing the list of risks.
Thank You
A Strategic
Framework
for Climate
Resilient
WASH
options

 April 2021
Outline of the presentation

• The Sector Wide GWP-
  UNICEF Strategic Framework
  for Climate Resilient WASH
  development

• Climate Resilient WASH
  options
A Sector wide Strategic framework for Climate
Resilient WASH Development

Also in French/Spanish/Portuguese
Climate resilient WASH options to ensure 3
key objectives

           1                             2                             3

     Ensure that WASH           Ensure that resilient WASH
infrastructure and services    systems contribute to reduce Advance towards a low carbon
                                                                    WASH sector
 are sustainable, safe and        vulnerability and build
resilient to climate related     community resilience to
            risks                 adapt to the impacts of
                                      climate change
Climate resilient WASH options at 3 strategic levels
  1. National level   2. Subnational/Watershed level   3. Local & Project level
Results Framework for WASH Climate Resilience
OUTCOME

                        WASH infrastructure and services are sustainable and resilient to climate related
                        risks; and WASH contributes to build community resilience to climate change

                        NATIONAL LEVEL          SUBNATIONAL /             PROJECT & LOCAL LEVEL
INTERMEDIATE OUTCOME

                                                 WATER BASIN
                        1. An ENABLING
                                                    LEVEL                                4. Climate
                        ENVIRONMENT                                  3. ACCESS to
                        conducive to          2. Water resources     climate resilient   resilient
                        climate resilient     are MONITORED          WASH                BEHAVIORAL
                        WASH services         and MANAGED            infrastructure      CHANGE and
                        and communities       considering climate    and services        GOVERNANCE at
                                              risks to WASH                              community and
                                              services                                   local level
Thank You

            © UNICEF/SUDA2014-XX228/Noorani
Estudio de caso de Bolivia: Desarrollo de una
evaluación nacional de riesgos WASH

Expositor: Fernando Salazar Ortuño, Docente – Investigador IESE, Universidad Mayor de San Simón
(UMSS)
Abril 2021
EXPERIENCIA DE APLICACIÓN DE
       Taskforce Cambio Climático WASH BAT Nacional
                        EN BOLIVIA
• 2021 Población de 11.842.000.

•   Compromisos internacionales.

•   2001 – 2015. Objetivos del milenio: El 79% de cobertura de agua y 50% de saneamiento.

•   Agenda 2030: Objetivo es agua asequible y limpia para todos.

•   2030 Poner fin a la defecación al aire libre.

• SITUACIÓN DEL AGUA EN BOLIVIA.

• 2020. Proyección

• Área urbana es llegar a 95 % de agua potable y 80 % de saneamiento

• Sector rural alcanzar el 70 % de agua y 60% de saneamiento.

•   2025

•   100% cobertura de agua.
SITUACIÓN DE ABASTECIMIENTO DE AGUA EN CAPITALES DE BOLIVIA
    • Multisistemas de agua en área metropolitana de Cochabamba
SITUACIÓN DE ABASTECIMIENTO DE AGUA EN CAPITALES DE BOLIVIA
SITUACIÓN REGULAR DE ABASTECIMIENTO DE AGUA
SITUACIÓN DE ABASTECIMIENTO DE AGUA EN MOMENTOS DE CRISIS
PROCESO DE APLICACIÓN
                          Taskforce Cambio Climático WASH BAT
1.   Creación de plataforma nacional de expertos en temática de agua para consumo humano y
     alcantarillado.

Participan más de 18 representantes de instituciones académicas universitarias, Centros de Investigación,
ONG´s y Consultores del país.
Socialización de la propuesta metodológica por equipo SIWI-UNICEF.
Se define una agenda de trabajo.

2. Se ajusta las prioridades de los componentes de la metodología WASH BAT al contexto nacional
                                              •   Floodings
         Amenazas                             •   Droughts
                                              •   Glacier retreat
                                              •   Minig pollution
         Exposición                           •   Waste water pollution
                                              • Forest fires
         Vulnerabilidad                       • Agroindustry pollution
- FLOODINGS -
                                                                                                                      Low extension, high intensity     High extension, high intensity
                      Very high (approx. 84% of the country's                                                             Medium – 2 points                    High – 3 points
                                                                          A. Score system –

                                                                                                       Intensity
                      municipalities), mainly covering the
                                                                                                                      Low extension, low intensity      High extension, low intensity
                      departments of Pando, Beni (Amazon area             present days                                      Low – 1 points                   Medium – 2 points
                      and floodplains), northern La Paz (Amazon
Geographical extent   area), northern Cochabamba (Chapare area)
                      and part of Santa Cruz (integrated northern
                                                                                                                                        Geographical extent
                      area, Chiquitanía, Llanos). It also affects urban
                      areas in the form of landslides (e.g. La Paz,
                      Tiquipaya, etc.).
    Frecuency         High recurrence.                                                                                Low extension, high intensity     High extension, high intensity
     Duration         High, 6 months.
                                                                          B. Score system –                               Medium – 2 points                    High – 3 points

                                                                                                       Intensity
                      High. The intensity of the hazard is higher         expected future                             Low extension, low intensity      High extension, low intensity
     Intensity
                      with the phenomena of El Niño or La Niña.
                                                                                                                            Low – 1 points                   Medium – 2 points
   Time of year       Rainy season, from October to March
                      For the scenarios RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 an
                      increase in water supply is expected in the                                                                     Geographical extension
  Expected future     basins of the extreme north and east of the
                      country that would result in a high risk of                                                            Geographical extension, Intensity
                      flooding.                                                                Class                                                                                     Score
                                                                                                            Present days                           Expected future
      Other                                                                                              High extension, high
                      Increases the succession of slides.                                      High                                         High extension, high intensity                3
  characteristic?                                                                                              intensity
                                                                          C. Clasification    Medium
                                                                                                         High extension, low       High extension, low intensity; or High extension
                                                                                                                                                                                          2
                                                                                                               intensity                and expected to increase in intensity
                                                                          system
                                                                                                         Low extension, High        Low extension, high intensity; or expected to
                                                                                              Medium                                                                                      2
                                                                                                               intensity                 increase in extension, High intensity
                                                                                                         Low extension, low              Low extension, low intensity; or not
                                                                                               Low                                                                                        1
                                                                                                               intensity                    expected to occur in the future
- DROUGHTS -
                      High (approx. 67.06% of the country's
                      municipalities). Mainly areas of the Altiplano                                              Low extension, high frecuency        High extension, high frecuency
                      in the departments of Cochabamba, Oruro,                                                         Medium – 2 points                       High – 3 points

                                                                                                     Frecuency
Geographical extent   Potosi and La Paz; inter-Andean valleys of        A. Score system –                          Low extension, low frecuency        High extension, low frecuency
                      Cochabamba, Chuquisaca and Tarija; and the
                      Chaco in the departments of Tarija, Santa Cruz
                                                                        present days                                      Low – 1 points                    Medium – 2 points
                      and Chuquisaca.
    Frecuency         Medium recurrence.                                                                                              Geographical extension
     Duration         High, all the year.
                      High and incremental for cumulative effects
                      year after year. The intensity of the threat is                                             Low extension, high frecuency       High extension, high frecuency
     Intensity
                      high and when the phenomena of the girl or                                                       Medium – 2 points                      High – 3 points

                                                                                                     Frecuency
                      boy is much greater.                              B. Score system –
                                                                                                                   Low extension, low frecuency        High extension, low frecuency
   Time of year
                      Dry season, from April to September, and wet      expected future                                   Low – 1 points                    Medium – 2 points
                      season, from October to March
                      In the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the
                      Pilcomayo basin and the Altiplano macro-                                                                        Geographical extension
  Expected future     basin will have high and very high scarcity
                      rates, reducing water supply by more than
                      50% with respect to 2015 values.
                                                                                                                            Geographical extension, frecuency
                      Triggering factor for other adverse and                                Class                                                                                      Score
                      catastrophic events such as glacier retreat and                                   Present days                             Expected future
      Other                                                                                          High extension, high
                      forest fires. They are closely linked to the                           High                                         High extension, high frecuency                 3
  characteristic?                                                                                         frecuency
                      phenomena of land use change and
                      deforestation.                                    C. Clasification    Medium
                                                                                                     High extension, low         High extension, low frecuency; or High extension
                                                                                                                                                                                         2
                                                                                                          frecuency                   and expected to increase in frecuency
                                                                        system
                                                                                                     Low extension, High          Low extension, high frecuency; or expected to
                                                                                            Medium                                                                                       2
                                                                                                          frecuency                    increase in extension, High frecuency
                                                                                                     Low extension, low                Low extension, low frecuency; or not
                                                                                             Low                                                                                         1
                                                                                                          frecuency                       expected to occur in the future
- GLACIER RETREAT-

                      Muy alta. Las consecuencias de esta amenaza
Geographical extent
                      se extienden a escala nacional.
                      Alta, incrementándose en la fase ENSO – El
    Frecuency
                      Niño.
     Duration         Continua, todo el año.
                      Muy alta, las pérdidas de espesor se
     Intensity
                      encuentran entre 600 a 1000 mm.
                      Todo el año, mayor en la época húmeda (de                                                    Intensity
   Time of year                                                                           Class                                                           Score
                      octubre a marzo).                                                           Present days                 Expected future
                      El aumento de las temperaturas esperadas en                                                     High or expected to increase in
                                                                                          High    High intensity                                           3
                      los Andes generará un incremento del            A. Clasification                                          the future
                      derretimiento de los glaciares, que se verá                                                     Not expected to increase in the
  Expected future
                      acelerado también por el hecho de que la        system             Medium   High intensity
                                                                                                                                  future
                                                                                                                                                           2
                      mayoría de los glaciares han alcanzado su
                                                                                         Medium   Low intensity      Expected to increase in the future    2
                      pico hídrico o están a punto de hacerlo.
                      Factor desencadenante de otros eventos                                                         Not expected to increase or occur
                      adversos y catastróficos como inundaciones                          Low     Low intensity                                            1
                                                                                                                               in the future
      Other           súbitas. Están estrechamente vinculados a los
  characteristic?     fenómenos de cambio de uso de suelo,
                      deforestación, incendios forestales y
                      chaqueos.
- MINING POLLUTION-

                                                                                                                       Low extension, high intensity      High extension, high intensity
                      Medium-high. Katari Basin, Poopó Lake,                                                               Medium – 2 points                     High – 3 points
                                                                         A. Score system –

                                                                                                     Intensity
                      Choqueyapu, Pampa Huari River, Suches,                                                           Low extension, low intensity        High extension, low intensity
Geographical extent
                      Cotagaita, Tupiza and Madre de Dios; Salar de      present days                                        Low – 1 points                     Medium – 2 points
                      Uyuni and Eduardo Avaroa Reserve.
    Frecuency         It continues throughout the year.
     Duration         It continues throughout the year.                                                                                 Geographical extension
                      Very high, it increases in the rainy season
     Intensity        because of surface washing due to runoff
                      water.                                                                                           Low extension, high intensity      High extension, high intensity
                                                                                                                           Medium – 2 points                     High – 3 points
                                                                         B. Score system –

                                                                                                     Intensity
   Time of year       It continues throughout the year.
                                                                                                                       Low extension, low intensity        High extension, low intensity
                      It is predicted to increase in the future due to   expected future                                     Low – 1 points                     Medium – 2 points
                      its strategic role in the national economy.
                      Recent government statements place, for
  Expected future                                                                                                                       Geographical extension
                      example, the exploitation of Lithium as a
                      central element for post-COVID economic
                      recovery19 .
                                                                                                                                    Extensión, intensidad
                                                                                             Clase                                                                                         Puntuación
                                                                                                            Tiempo presente                          Tiempo futuro
                      It promotes deforestation processes, soil and
                                                                                                           Alta extensión, alta
      Other           water removal and contamination, alteration                            Alto                                            Alta extensión, alta intensidad                   3
                                                                                                                intensidad
  characteristic?     of hydrological systems, expropriation of
                                                                                                           Alta extensión, baja     Alta extensión, baja intensidad; o Alta extensión y
                      natural resources and favors social conflicts.     C. Clasification    Medio
                                                                                                                intensidad                se espera que incremente la intensidad
                                                                                                                                                                                               2
                                                                         system                            Baja extensión, alta      Baja extensión, alta intensidad; o se espera que
                                                                                             Medio                                                                                             2
                                                                                                                intensidad               incremente la extensión, Alta intensidad
                                                                                                           Baja extensión, baja      Baja extensión, baja intensidad; o se espera que
                                                                                             Bajo                                                                                              1
                                                                                                                intensidad                        no ocurra en el futuro
- WASTE WATER POLLUTION-
             By 2016, 30.5% of the population had wastewater
Geographic   treatment coverage. Greater threat to the basins of the
 al extent   most populated cities: La Paz, Choqueyapu, Rocha, Piraí
             and Katari rivers.
Frecuency    Continuous.                                                                                                 Low extension, high intensity        High extension, high intensity
 Duration    Permanent all year round.                                                                                       Medium – 2 points                       High – 3 points
                                                                           A. Score system –

                                                                                                       Intensity
             Greater in areas with more population and economic and
                                                                                                                         Low extension, low intensity         High extension, low intensity
             industrial development. In the rainy season, the amount of
             water collected by sanitary sewers increases, discharging
                                                                           present days                                        Low – 1 points                      Medium – 2 points
             untreated wastewater directly to water bodies and
 Intensity   increasing the risk of WWTP collapse due to the                                                                                Geographical extension
             capacity/volume ratio. It involves the mixing of rainwater
             and wastewater but not necessarily greater pollution.
                                                                                                                         Low extension, high intensity        High extension, high intensity
 Time of                                                                                                                     Medium – 2 points                       High – 3 points
             Continuous.                                                   B. Score system –

                                                                                                       Intensity
   year
                                                                                                                         Low extension, low intensity         High extension, low intensity
             The State's planning foresees:                                expected future                                     Low – 1 points                      Medium – 2 points
             • Investment to increase PTAR coverage to 65%, with a
                 reduction in the level of contamination of basins and
                 water bodies and, in the long term, a recovery of water                                                                    Geographical extension
                 quality.
             • Greater control and supervision of domestic, industrial
                 and other discharges.
                                                                                                                                    Georephical extention, inetnsity
             • Reuse of treated water for irrigation and use of                                Class                                                                                           Score
 Expected                                                                                                       Present days                             Expected future
                 stabilized sludge as soil improvers.
  future                                                                                                     High extension, high
             • Technological development in accordance with the                                High                                               High extension, high intensity                3
                                                                                                                   intensity
                 climatological, economic and social reality (different
                 sanitation solutions).                                    C. Clasification   Medium
                                                                                                             High extension, low         High extension, low intensity; or High extension
                                                                                                                                                                                                2
                                                                                                                   intensity                  and expected to increase in intensity
             • Social development with the participation of the users.     system                            Low extension, High          Low extension, high intensity; or expected to
             • Development of cities with equitable access to                                 Medium                                                                                            2
                 sanitation and wastewater treatment services, with                                                intensity                   increase in extension, High intensity
                 quality and climate resilience.                                                             Low extension, low                Low extension, low intensity; or not
                                                                                               Low                                                                                              1
                                                                                                                   intensity                      expected to occur in the future
- FOREST FIRES-

                  Principalmente en los departamentos de Santa                                                        Low extension, high intensity    High extension, high intensity
 Geographical
                  Cruz, Beni, Tarija, Pando y parte de Cochabamba                                                         Medium – 2 points                   High – 3 points
    extent
                                                                       A. Score system –

                                                                                                    Intensity
                  y La Paz.
                                                                                                                      Low extension, low intensity      High extension, low intensity
                  Greater in the dry season, coinciding with soil      present days                                         Low – 1 points                   Medium – 2 points
  Frecuency       preparation activities (chaqueos, June/July-
                  September).
   Duration       June/july – october/november                                                                                        Geogrephical extension
                  High, serious affectations to forest areas,
                  agricultural lands, pastures, natural protected
   Intensity
                  areas. Associated with droughts, which increase                                                     Low extension, high intensity    High extension, high intensity
                  the intensity.                                                                                          Medium – 2 points                   High – 3 points
                                                                       B. Score system –

                                                                                                    Intensity
 Time of year     Dry season.
                                                                                                                      Low extension, low intensity      High extension, low intensity
                  In a context of global warming and increased rate    expected future                                      Low – 1 points                   Medium – 2 points
                  of deforestation, conditions will be generated to
Expected future
                  increase the frequency and intensity of forest
                  fires.                                                                                                              Geogrephical extension
                  Link to processes of change in land use due to the
                  advance of the agricultural frontier and the                                                                  Georephical extention, inetnsity
                                                                                            Class                                                                                       Score
                  expansion of human settlements, loss of                                                          Present days                      Expected future
                  biodiversity, increase in GHG emissions and                                                   High extension, high
                                                                                            High                                              High extension, high intensity             3
    Other         environmental contaminants, effect on the                                                           intensity
characteristic?   melting of glaciers, contamination of water                                                                             High extension, low intensity; or High
                                                                                                                High extension, low
                  sources, impact on water storage in the soil,                            Medium                                         extension and expected to increase in          2
                  impact on livelihoods, health and infrastructure.
                                                                       C. Clasification                               intensity
                                                                                                                                                         intensity
                  Advancement of agribusiness, decree on               system
                                                                                                                Low extension, High      Low extension, high intensity; or expected
                  transgenics. Climate and socio-cultural issues.                          Medium                                                                                        2
                                                                                                                     intensity             to increase in extension, High intensity
                                                                                                                Low extension, low          Low extension, low intensity; or not
                                                                                            Low                                                                                          1
                                                                                                                     intensity                expected to occur in the future
- FOREST FIRESAGROINDUSTRY POLLUTION-
Gracias
Estudio de caso de Perú: Módulos de Sistema de
Saneamiento en Zonas Rurales: Caso Loreto

Expositor: Juan Francisco Miranda Leyva , Coordinador General del Programa de Agua Potable y
Saneamiento para la Amazonía Rural – PNSR- MVCS
Abril 2021
ÁMBITO DE INTERVENCIÓN DEL PROGRAMA AMAZONIA RURAL

                                                            LORETO
                                               PROVINCIAS DE MAYNAS, LORETO Y
           AMAZONAS                                    ALTO AMAZONAS
      PROVINCIA DE BAGUA                       DISTRITOS DE SAN JUAN BAUTISTA,
       DISTRITO DE IMAZA                            NAUTA Y BALSAPUERTO
          33 PROYECTOS                                   66 PROYECTOS
      13,810 BENEFICIARIOS                           25,173 BENEFICIARIOS
       S/ 148.5 MILLONES                               S/ 320 MILLONES
N° DE CONEXIONES DE AGUA: 3,517                N° DE CONEXIONES DE AGUA: 5,897

                                                           SAN MARTÍN
    METAS DEL PROGRAMA                            PROVINCIAS DE MOYOBAMBA Y
                                                              RIOJA
    146 Proyectos, 162 localidades,                DISTRITOS DE MOYOBAMBA,
     07 distritos, 6 Provincias                  JEPELACIO Y NUEVA CAJAMARCA
                                                          47 PROYECTOS
     63,583 Personas beneficiadas
                                                      24,600 BENEFICIARIOS
     16,368 Conexiones de Agua                         S/ 208.8 MILLONES
                                                N° DE CONEXIONES DE AGUA: 6,954
     16,650 Conexiones de Saneamiento

     US $ 275.58 millones
Antecedentes de la iniciativa

            • La selva baja (Loreto, Amazonas y Ucayali) presenta
              dificultades para contar con un buen sistema de agua
              y saneamiento por ser zonas inundables (y que vayan
              acorde al contexto cultural de la zona).

            • Brecha de cobertura nacional (22.9%) en acceso a
              agua. Selva baja con indicadores alarmantes. Loreto,
              por ejemplo, tiene 74.9%.

            • Brecha de cobertura de disposición sanitaria de
              excretas alcanza un 70.4% que representa una
              población estimada de 4,844,088 habitantes del
              ámbito rural.
Antecedentes de la iniciativa

• Prioridad para el país. Plan Bicentenario,
  Plan Nacional de Saneamiento y ODS 6 y
  8.

• Todo Proyecto del Programa se articula a
  nivel institucional y comunal: Gobierno
  Regional, Gobierno Local, Federaciones
  nativas y comunidad en general.

• Presupuesto estimado: El módulo de
  saneamiento      para    zonas      rurales
  contempla captación de agua de lluvia y
  Unidad Básica de Saneamiento. Promedio
  de 60,000 soles (US $ 20 Mil aprox).
Teoría de cambio
                  Enfermedades
                     diarreicas
                                      Instalación de
Temporada de          agudas,
                                        módulos de
    lluvia en         anemia,
                                       saneamiento
   Amazonía        desnutrición
                                        para zonas
(inundaciones)    crónica infantil,
                                          rurales
                      dengue,
                      muerte
                                         Reducción de
  Consumo de
                                        enfermedades.
 agua no segura
                                        Ahorro en salud
Río contaminado
                                         para el Estado
 Disposición de
                                       (Aprox. 150 soles
     excretas
                                              por
  inadecuada
                                         persona/año)
Módulos de sistema de saneamiento para zonas rurales
Sistema de captación de agua de lluvia
            Componentes del Sistema:
            1. Techo de Aluzinc (40 a 50 m2)
            2. Tanque de 250 litros, para las primeras aguas (polvo, maleza, etc.)
            3. Dos tanques de almacenamiento de 2,500 litros.
        3
            4. Bomba manual.
            5. Clorador en Línea.
            6. Tanque elevado de 250 litros.                             6
2

                4         5

1
Unidad Básica de Saneamiento con compostera

                    2

1   UBS         ecoinodo       Ducha       5       ventan
                r
                                                   a
                                       4

                                               6    lavadero

             Lava manos

                           3
Desafíos y Lecciones aprendidas

               Desafíos                          Lecciones aprendidas
•   Acercamiento a la población de      •   Diálogo con las autoridades
    comunidades nativas.                    comunales y Federaciones.
•   El factor climatológico limita la   •   Ingreso y planificación de
    ejecución de los Proyectos de           proyectos en meses sin lluvia e
    manera mas dinámica.                    inundación y aplicar plazos cortos
•   Empresas contratistas dispuestas        para la ejecución oportuna.
    a ejecutar en zonas agrestes        •   Enfoque        intercultural     e
•   Llegar al lugar más recóndito de        involucramiento a todo nivel.
    la Amazonía Rural.                  •   La implementación de la
•   Cerrar brecha en temas de agua y        infraestructura es un medio para
    saneamiento.                            lograr el objetivo. Se requiere un
•   Contribuir a la erradicación de         fuerte acompañamiento social.
    EDAS, anemia y desnutrición
    crónica infantil.
Proceso constructivo del Proyecto del Centro Poblado 13 de
                              febrero, Nauta, Iquitos

• N° de beneficiarios: 667 habitantes
• N° de conexiones domiciliares: 182
• Monto de inversión: US $2.66 millones
¡GRACIAS!
Discussant 1: Remarks on Climate Resilient Water and
Sanitation Safety Planning.

Rory Moses McKeown. Senior Technical Consultant at
WHO
Discussant 2: Remarks on the WaterAid Water Security
Framework and its implementation.

Jonathan Far. Senior Climate Advisor, WaterAid.
Thank You!
We see you soon: Webinar 3 on WASH and Climate
Financing (April 29th)
The video recordings and presentations of webinars 1 and 2
are available on SWA website
For questions or comments, please email at:
lucinda.ohanlon@sanitationandwaterforall.org
Jose.gesti@sanitationandwaterforall.org
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