Wayanad Mahseer (Neolissochilus wynaadensis) - US Fish ...
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Wayanad Mahseer (Neolissochilus wynaadensis)
Ecological Risk Screening Summary
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, April 2015
Revised, October 2017
Web Version, 1/7/2020
Photo: Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences. Licensed under Creative Commons BY-NC 3.0
Unported. Available: http://eol.org/data_objects/20870848. (April 23, 2015).
1 Native Range and Status in the United States
Native Range
From Ali et al. (2014):
“Neolissochilus wynaadensis is endemic to the Western Ghats of India (Dahanukar & Raghavan
2013). The species has a restricted distribution (an area of occupancy of 1000km2) occurring in
the east flowing streams and rivers part of the larger Cauvery drainage, i.e., Kalindi Stream of
Kabini River in Thirunelli; Noolpuzha Stream of Kabini River inside the Wayanad Wildlife
Sanctuary, Kakkanhalla and Moyar tributaries inside the Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, as well
as streams near Vythiri in Wayanad, and Muvathoklu, Mukkodlu, Surlabi, Bhagamandala and
1
Abbey falls in Kodagu (see Image 3; Table 5). In Kodagu, N. wynaadensis has also been
recorded in Hamyala (Images 4, 5) and Kakkehole (Steven Lockett, pers. comm. 2013).
However, no voucher specimens are available. The species is currently known between the
altitudinal range 400–1100 m. The fact that the species has a very restricted distribution, and is
confined to only a few tributaries/streams in its range is additionally evident from the studies of
Johnson & Arunachalam (2009) (studies conducted in 2001–2002) where they did not record
N. wynaadensis from two tributaries (Thalipuzha and Bavalipuzha) of the east flowing Cauvery
in Wayanad District.
Abraham (2011), mentions that the fish also occurs in the Chooralmala and Kanthampara
areas in Wayanad (part of the west flowing Chaliyar River system), without providing any
reference. The author also mentions (a personal communication; see
http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/172429/0) that the species occurs in the Periya Forest Range
near Mananthavady, Wyanad. It is to be noted that, in a comprehensive study of the fishes of
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve including parts of Wayanad and upper reaches of Chaliyar (Easa &
Basha 1995; Easa & Shaji 1997), not a single specimen of N. wynaadensis was collected from
Chooralmala and Kanthampara (see Easa & Basha 1995; Table 10; p 29), suggesting that the
species could be restricted to only the east flowing drainages (Easa & Shaji 1997). Therefore, in
the absence of any references to the records, and actual voucher specimens, it is premature to
conclude that N. wynaadensis occurs in the west flowing drainages as suggested by Abraham
(2011).
Arunachalam et al. (2005) mentioned that N. wynaadensis occurs in Vattapoil in
Wayanad District by citing Gopi (2000). This record may however be based on the personal
examination of voucher specimens (ZSI WRS Calicut 6868) collected from this location, rather
than as mentioned by Gopi (2000). This is because, Gopi (2000), in his review on the fishes of
Kerala, does not mention such a location and only records this species from Thirunelli and
Vythiri (see p 62 and 71).
Abraham (2011) mentions about a record of N. wynaadensis from Bhadra River, citing
Shahnawaz et al. (2009 sic) (note that the correct year should have been 2010). However a
perusal of the original paper by Shahnawaz et al. (2010) reveals no such record. Similarly,
although Pillai (1929) and Hora & Law (1941) recorded Barbus wynaadensis from Travancore in
southern Kerala, it is highly unlikely that the species occurs in the region. The record by Pillai
(1929) from Tenmalai was also doubted by Menon (2004). In all probability, the specimen
misidentified as Barbus wynaadensis from Travancore could be the fish currently known as
‘Barbodes’ carnaticus.
Neolissochilus wynaadensis was reported from Mula-Mutha River of Pune by Tonapi &
Mulherkar (1963). However, this record was doubted by Kharat et al. (2001, p 47). Similarly, the
records of N. wynaadensis from China (Wu 1964, cited in Talwar & Jhingran 1991), especially
from the Yunnan region (Wu 1977, cited in Chen et al. 1999; Yang & Chen 1994; Jing et al.
2013; also see cytb sequence KC696524 in GenBank) are ‘at best’ misidentifications, and may in
all probability be N. hexagonolepis, N. stracheyi (see Fig 1) or an undescribed species similar to
it. The examination of the specimen, KIZ8110101 (see Yang & Chen 1994) at the Kunming
Institute of Zoology, China will help clear the exact identity of the ‘Barbodes wynaadensis’
recorded from the rivers in Yunnan.”
Status in the United States
No records of Neolissochilus wynaadensis in wild or in trade the United States were found.
2
Means of Introductions in the United States
No records of Neolissochilus wynaadensis in the United States were found.
Remarks
Eschmeyer et al. (2017) list the valid name as Neolissochilus wynaadensis. At the time of
assessment, most databases did not yet incorporate this change and still used Barbodes
wynaadensis as the valid name. Information searches were conducted using both names.
From Abraham (2011):
“Red List Category & Criteria: Critically Endangered A2ace ver 3.1
Barbodes wynaadensis is a highly restricted species which has undergone drastic population
declines of more than 80% over the last 10 years due to several known and unknown threats. It is
therefore assessed as Critically Endangered.”
“The population has declined drastically: by more than 80% in the last ten years. Several surveys
in Wyanad (1999 to 2004 and in 2008) have not found this species. The last time this fish was
recorded was in 1998 (M. Arunachalam pers. comm. 2010). In another instance, the last sighting
was in 1996 (C.P. Shaji pers. comm. 2010). However, there is one collection by Dinesh of Kerala
Fisheries College from Thirunelli Temple in Wyanad in 2008, and Anvar Ali and Rajeev
Raghavan of Conservation Research Group (CRG), St. Albert's College, Kochi collected this
species from Thirunelli Temple stream in 2003.”
2 Biology and Ecology
Taxonomic Hierarchy and Taxonomic Standing
From Eschmeyer et al. (2017):
“Current status: Valid as Neolissochilus wynaadensis (Day 1873).”
From ITIS (2015):
“Kingdom Animalia
Subkingdom Bilateria
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Infraphylum Gnathostomata
Superclass Osteichthyes
Class Actinopterygii
Subclass Neopterygii
Infraclass Teleostei
Superorder Ostariophysi
3
Order Cypriniformes
Superfamily Cyprinidea
Family Cyprinidae
Genus Barbodes
Species Barbodes wynaadensis (Day, 1873)”
Size, Weight, and Age Range
From Froese and Pauly (2015):
“Max length: 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; [Menon 1999]”
Environment
From Froese and Pauly (2015):
“Freshwater, benthopelagic.”
Climate/Range
From Froese and Pauly (2015):
“Tropical”
From Abraham (2011):
“This species prefers colder climates and the recent rise in the temperature could be a reason for
its decline (C.P. Shaji pers. comm.).”
Abraham (2011) lists the lower elevation limit as 500m and the upper elevation limit as 950m.
From Ali et al. (2014):
“The species is currently known between the altitudinal range 400–1100 m.”
Distribution Outside the United States
Native
See Section 1: Native Range for full discussion of distribution from Ali et al. (2014).
From Ali et al. (2014):
“Neolissochilus wynaadensis is endemic to the Western Ghats of India (Dahanukar & Raghavan
2013).”
Introduced
No records of Neolissochilus wynaadensis introductions were found.
4Means of Introduction Outside the United States
No records of Neolissochilus wynaadensis introductions were found.
Short Description
From Yang and Chen (1994):
“Because most primitive species of Barbodes such as B. benasi, B. wynaadensis, and
B. hexagonolepis (Wu et al. 1977; Chu et al. 1989) possess an anteriorly positioned dorsal fin.”
“Because most primitive species of Barbodes such as B. benasi, B. wynaadensis, and
B. hexagonolepis (Wu et al. 1977; Chu et al. 1989) possess 7-11 predorsal scales.”
From Ali et al. (2014):
“[…], N. wynaadensis also has a wide range of lateral line scale counts (26–29).”
Arunachalam et al. (2017) lists the following for Neolissochilus wynaadensis: iv.9 dorsal fin
rays, iii.5 anal fin rays, i.8 pelvic fin rays, i.15 pectoral fin rays, 10+9 caudal fin rays, 4 upper
transverse scale rows, 5-6 lower transverse scale rows, 4 lateral line to pelvic scale rows, 28-29
lateral-line scales, 10 pre-dorsal scales, 12 circumpenduncular scale rows, 18-19 circumferential
scale rows, 7-8 transverse breast scale rows, and 25-26 pre anal scale rows.
From Anna Mercy et al. (2007):
“Body elongate, its depth 3.75 to 4.4 times in standard length. Head broad, its length 4.2 to 4.5
times in standard length. Mouth smoothly rounded; lower labial fold interrupted. Barbels two
pairs; maxillary barbels as long as orbit, rostral ones shorter. Dorsal fin inserted slightly nearer to
snout-tip than to base of caudal fin, its last unbranched ray non-osseous and weak. Scales
moderate; lateral line with 26 to 28 scales; lateral transverse scalerows 4 to 6; predorsal scales
10.”
“Leaden silvery along the back, with a dark band running from behind the eyes to the middle of
the base of caudal fin where it often ends in a round black blotch; belly light orange. Fins greyish
at edges.”
Biology
From Ali et al. (2014):
“The pool-riffle habitats have a moderate flow velocity and provide good hiding places for the
species. These habitats are also frequented by riffle beetles and chironomids that form the major
food for N. wynaadensis (Manojkumar & Kurup 2002). […] It has also been suggested that
N. wynaadensis are long range migrants that travel to the upper reaches of rivers for spawning
(Menon 2004).”
5From Froese and Pauly (2015):
“Occurs in fast flowing streams and rivers with rocky bottom (Menon 1999).”
From Anna Mercy et al. (2007:55):
“It is omnivorous.”
Human Uses
Jayalal and Ramachandran (2012) lists Neolissochilus wynaadensis as a species exported from
India for the ornamental trade.
From Abraham (2011):
“The species is fished occasionally by tribal communities (C.P. Shaji. pers. comm. 2010).”
Diseases
Information on pathogens or parasites of Neolissochilus wynaadensis was not found. No records
of OIE-reportable diseases (OIE 2020) were found for N. wynaadensis.
Threat to Humans
From Froese and Pauly (2015):
“Harmless”
3 Impacts of Introductions
No records of Neolissochilus wynaadensis introductions were found; therefore, there is no
information on impacts of introductions.
64 Global Distribution
Figure 1. Distribution of Neolissochilus wynaadensis in the Western Ghats, India. Map from Ali
et al. (2014, Figure 3; Creative Commons BY 4.0 International License).
5 Distribution Within the United States
No records of Neolissochilus wynaadensis in the wild in the United States were found.
76 Climate Matching
Summary of Climate Matching Analysis
The climate match for Neolissochilus wynaadensis was medium for southern Texas and a small
spot in southern California. The match was low everywhere else. The Climate 6 score (Sanders
et al. 2014; 16 climate variables; Euclidean distance) for the contiguous United States was 0.000,
low. (Scores between 0.000 and 0.005, inclusive, are classified as low.) All States had low
individual Climate 6 scores.
Figure 2. RAMP (Sanders et al. 2014) source map showing weather stations selected as source
locations (red; India) and non-source locations (gray) for Neolissochilus wynaadensis climate
matching. Source locations from Ali et al. (2014). Selected source locations are within 100 km of
one or more species occurrences, and do not necessarily represent the locations of occurrences
themselves.
8Figure 3. Map of RAMP (Sanders et al. 2014) climate matches for Neolissochilus wynaadensis
in the contiguous United States based on source locations reported by Ali et al. (2014).
0 = Lowest match, 10 = Highest match.
The High, Medium, and Low Climate match Categories are based on the following table:
Climate 6: Proportion of Climate Match
(Sum of Climate Scores 6-10) / (Sum of total Climate Scores) Category
0.000≤X≤0.005 Low
0.0058 Risk Assessment
Summary of Risk to the Contiguous United States
Neolissochilus wynaadensis, Wayanad Mahseer, is a fish endemic to the Western Ghats of India.
Many sources still refer to this species by the synonym Barbodes wynaadensis. It has recently
undergone drastic population reductions and is listed by the IUCN as Critically Endangered.
There is some use of this species is a subsistence fishery and one source mentioned that it has
been exported for the ornamental trade. The history of invasiveness for N. wynaadensis is
uncertain. No records of introductions were found. The overall climate match for the contiguous
United States is low; only the southern tip of Texas and a small area in Southern California had a
medium match. The certainty of assessment is low due to lack of information. The overall risk
assessment category is uncertain.
Assessment Elements
History of Invasiveness (Sec. 3): Uncertain
Climate Match (Sec. 6): Low
Certainty of Assessment (Sec. 7): Low
Remarks/Important additional information Records of this species in China are
misidentifications. Recent change in valid scientific name, many sources still use the
synonym Barbodes wynaadensis.
Overall Risk Assessment Category: Uncertain
9 References
Note: The following references were accessed for this ERSS. References cited within quoted
text but not accessed are included below in Section 10.
Abraham, R. 2011. Barbodes wynaadensis. The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version
2014.3. Available: http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/full/172429/0. (April 2015).
Ali, A., N. Dahanukar, S. Philip, K. Krishnakumar, and R. Raghavan. 2014. Distribution, threats
and conservation status of the Wayanad mahseer, Neolissochilus wynaadensis (Day,
1873) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): an endemic large barb of the Western Ghats, India. Journal
of Threatened Taxa 6(5):5686–5699.
Anna Mercy, T. V., A. Gopalakrishnan, D. Kapoor, and W. S. Lakra. 2007. Ornamental fishes of
the Western Ghats of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India.
Arunachalam, M., P. Sivakumar, and M. Murugan. 2017. Descriptions of five new species of
Neolissochilus Rainboth, 1985 (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from streams/rivers of the
Western Ghats, peninsular India. FishTaxa 2(1):1–27.
10Eschmeyer, W. N., R. Fricke, and R. van der Laan, editors. 2017. Catalog of fishes: genera,
species, references. Available:
http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp.
(October 2017).
Froese, R., and D. Pauly, editors. 2015. Barbodes wynaadensis (Day, 1873). FishBase.
Available: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Barbodes-wynaadensis.html. (April 2015).
ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). 2015. Barbodes wynaadensis (Day, 1873).
Integrated Taxonomic Information System, Reston, Virginia. Available:
http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=6884
41. (April 2015).
Jayalal, L., and A. Ramachandran. 2012. Export trend of Indian ornamental fish industry.
Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 3(11):439–451.
OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health). 2020. OIE-listed diseases, infections and
infestations in force in 2020. Available: http://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-
world/oie-listed-diseases-2020/. (January 2020).
Sanders, S., C. Castiglione, and M. Hoff. 2014. Risk assessment mapping program: RAMP,
version 2.81. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Yang, J., and Y. Chen. 1994. Phylogeny and zoogeography of the cyprinid genus Spinibarbus
(Pisces: Cyprinidae). Zoological Research 15:13-25.
10 References Quoted But Not Accessed
Note: The following references are cited within quoted text within this ERSS, but were not
accessed for its preparation. They are included here to provide the reader with more
information.
Arunachalam, M., M. Muralidharan, P. Sivakumar, R. Soranam, and M. Murugan. 2005. New
record of a rare barbin Neolissochilus wynaadensis (Day) from Abby Falls, Karnataka.
Zoos' Print Journal 20(11):2073–2074.
Chen, Y.-Y., and et al., editors [full list of editors not provided by source material]. 1998. The
fishes of the Hengduan Mountains region. The series of the scientific expedition to the
Hengduan Mountains of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. [Authorship also seen as Chen &
Huang.]
Chu, X.-L., Y.-R. Chen, et al., editors [full list of editors not provided by source material]. 1989.
The fishes of Yunnan, China. Part 1 Cyprinidae. Science Press, Beijing.
Dahanukar, N., and R. Raghavan. 2013. Freshwater fishes of Western Ghats: checklist version
1.0 August 2013. MIN - Newsletter of IUCN SSC/WI Freshwater Fish Specialist Group -
South Asia and the Freshwater Fish Conservation Network of South Asia 1:6–16.
11Day, F. 1873. On some new fishes of India. The Journal of the Linnean Society of London.
Zoology 11:524–530.
Easa, P. S., and S. C. Basha. 1995. A survey of the habitat and distribution of stream fishes in the
Kerala part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Kerala Fisheries Research Institute, Research
Report 104.
Easa, P. S., and C. P. Shaji. 1997. Freshwater fish diversity in the Kerala part of the Nilgiri
Biosphere Reserve. Current Science 73(2):180–182.
Gopi, K. C. 2000. Freshwater fishes of Kerala State. Pages 56–76 in A. G. Ponniah and
A. Gopalakrishnan, editors. Endemic fish diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP,
India.
Hora, S. L., and N. C. Law. 1941. The freshwater fishes of Travancore. Records of Indian
Museum 43:233–256.
Jing, W., X. Y. Wu, Z. M. Chen, Z. P. Yue, W. Ma, S. Y. Chen, H. Xiao, R. W. Murphy, Y. P.
Zhang, R. G. Zan, and J. Luo. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of European and African
Barbus and their West Asian relatives in the Cyprininae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) and
orogenesis of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Chinese Science Bulletin 58(31):3738–3746.
Johnson, J. A., and M. Arunachalam. 2009. Diversity, distribution and assemblage structure of
fishes in streams of southern Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa
1(10):507–513.
Kharat, S. S., N. Dahanukar, and R. Raut. 2001. Decline of fresh-water fish of Pune urban area.
Journal of Ecological Society 13/14:46–51.
Manojkumar, T. G., and B. M. Kurup. 2002. Fish habitat diversity and species assemblage
structure with reference to five major river systems of Kerala. Pages 141–150 in M. R.
Boopendranath, B. Meenakumari., J. Joseph., T. V. Sankar., P. Pravin, and L. Edwin,
editors. Riverine and reservoir fisheries of India. Society for Fisheries Technology,
Cochin and Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India.
Menon, A. G. K. 1999. Check list-fresh water fishes of India. Records of the Zoological Survey
of India. Miscellaneous Publication, Occasional Paper 175.
Menon, A. G. K. 2004. Threatened fishes of India and their conservation. Zoological Survey of
India.
Pillai, R. S. N. 1929. A list of fishes taken in Travancore from 1901–1915. Journal of the
Bombay Natural History Society 33(2):347–379.
12Shahnawaz, A., M. Venkateshwarlu, D. S. Somashekar, and K. Santosh. 2010. Fish diversity
with relation to water quality of Bhadra River of Western Ghats (India). Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment 161(1–4):83–91.
Talwar, P. K., and A. G. Jhingran. 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Oxford,
and IBH Publishing, New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, India.
Tonapi, G. T., and L. Mulherkar. 1963. Notes on the freshwater fauna of Poona. Proceedings of
the Indian Academy of Sciences - Section B 58(4):187–197.
Wu, H.-W., R.-D. Lin, Q.-X. Chen, X.-L. Chen, and M.-Q. He. 1977. Barbinae. Pages 229–394
in H.-W. Wu, editor. Zhongguo like yulei zhi. [The cyprinid fishes of China], volume 2.
People's Press, Shanghai, China. (In Chinese.)
13You can also read
