The Strategy Structure and Approach - Lotta Andersson, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) - CBSS
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The Strategy
Structure and Approach
Lotta Andersson,
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI)
Baltadapt 3rd Policy Forum, Tallinn
www.baltadapt.eu
What is the role of the Strategy
and Action Plan?
WHAT? Strategy
HOW? Action Plan
Strategy: Provide goals and visions. Clarifies links to
other strategies and added value in a multilevel
governance perspective “what in it for me”. Identifies
coordinators and implementers. Provides the “rules of
the game” regarding exposure , impact and
vulnerabilities to climate change.
www.baltadapt.eu
Why a BSR Strategy and
Action Plan?
”Connected region with informed actors on all levels responding
to climate change in a way that ensures prosperity,
competiveness, as well as clean water, and rich and healthy
wildlife”
• Sharing of the Sea and its River Basin - adaptation or lack of adaptation
might have consequences crossing national boundaries
• Solidarity - ensure that most exposed and vulnerable regions/sectors
/environments/individuals increase their adaptive capacity
• Coordinate actions witan sectors integrated through EU policies and the
single market
• Need for a “Common BSR voice” in international contexts to ensure that
the specific vulnerability of the Baltic Sea and its river basin to climate
change is acknowledged in EU and international policies
www.baltadapt.eu
The Process
• Policy forum
– Berlin (April 2012), Stockholm (December 2012), Tallinn (May 2013)
– Involve decision-makers and other macro-regional, national and local
actors to prepare for political endorsement
– Stakeholder workshops
• EU (DG Clima, DG Reggio) – The European Commission adopted
an EU strategy on adaptation on 16 April 2013.
• Final consultation phase (7th June action plan, 14th June strategy)
Farming Tourism
(Norrköping) Warnemuende)
www.baltadapt.eu
Sub-criteria Vision (2020) Baseline Relation to
(2013) goals in the
EU Strategy
for Climate
Adaptation
Raising awareness Awareness of climate change and its potential Scattered
impact on society and the environment, as well fulfilment
as the possibilities of adaptation permeates
macro-regional agreements, regional education
and training collaborations, as well as regional
cooperation between authorities at all geographic
levels, researchers, and private parties.
Sharing a macro- A "Baltic Window" linked to "the European Work initiated
regional knowledge Climate Adaptation Platform" includes relevant
base information or links to information on climate
change adaptation, including access to open
source data for research purposes and
communication of “good examples
www.baltadapt.eu
Sub-criteria Vision (2020) Baseline Relation EU
(2013) strategy
Research cooperation An interdisciplinary approach to climate adaptation is Scattered 2020: Priority
in order to identify and included as a horizontal aspect of all scientific fulfilment knowledge gaps
address gaps of cooperation in the region, where it is relevant. identified in 2013
knowledge have been closed
Facilitating science- Decision makers among authorities as well as among Scattered 2020:
policy dialogues on all private actors have access to interactive visualization- fulfilment Communication
levels based tools for dialogues about climate adaptation. tools allow for
These are part of a well-developed and frequently available
used access to a combination of web-based on real- information on
life meeting places for researchers, authorities and climate change
private actors representing specific sectors, such as adaptation to be
the horizontal (between stakeholders in the same accessible for
geographical level) and vertical (e.g. between decision-makers,
stakeholders on local, national and macro-regional including Member
levels ) dialogues States, local
authorities and
firms
Cooperation to prepare Access to operational warning system in the region Scattered
for increased risk of relevant to climate-change induced increased fulfilment
disasters due to climate exposure in different sectors (such as infrastructure,
change agriculture, health) either by common BSR systems or
through other types of cooperation between different
warning system services in the region.
www.baltadapt.eu
Sub-criteria Vision (2020) Baseline Relation EU
(2013) strategy
Cooperation related to National climate change adaptation strategies Scattered 2017: All Member
national strategies available in all BSR states, with the exchange of States have
information through collaboration on the "Baltic adopted (an)
Window," as well as through other established forms Adaptation
of cooperation in the preparation and updating of Strateg(y)ies,
climate adaptation strategies and action plans. complemented by
regional or local
adaptation
strategies when
appropriate.
Promoting sector- BSR relevant cooperation within all business sectors Sporadic
relevant macro-regional in society where this is relevant (e.g., agriculture,
cooperation on tourism, fisheries, energy, construction of
adaptation to infrastructure).
challenges and
business opportunities
Macro-regional Access to the estimates of the cost related to climate Limited
cooperation in order to change adaptation in different sectors. Access to
ensure funding of finance in the BSR that enables prioritization of action
adaptation measures on adaptation to the most exposed and vulnerable
parts of the region, as well as to the most vulnerable
sectors and individuals.
www.baltadapt.eu
Suggested Coordination
EUBSR Horizontal Action ”Sustainable Development and Bioeconomy”
(CBSS, Nordic Council of Ministers). Indicator: BSR Climate Adaptation
Strategy and Action plan agreed on by all nations.
1. Agree on the most important issues to focus on and initiate policy-
science and multilevel governance dialogues
related to climate adaptation and disaster risk
CBSS
reduction issues of common concerns in the
BSR, with specific consideration to issues
with cross-border implications. Steering
group
2. Promote actions based on recommendations Polliticians,
authoriges,
emanating from these dialogues or other private actors,
NGO:s,
relevant initiatives. reesarchers
www.baltadapt.eu
Implementers and Facilitators – Building on
Existing Cooperation and “Match Making”
Intergovernmental organisations, e.g. CBSS, Nordic Council of Ministries,
HELCOM, VASAB, Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference,
Cooperation on local and sub-regional level, e.g.:
Union of the Baltic Cities, Baltic Sea States
Sub-regional Co-operation (BSSSC) .
Cooperation including the business community, e.g.
Baltic Development Forum (BDF), Baltic Sea Chambers
of Commerce Association (BCCA), Baltic Sea Tourism
Commission (BTC), Baltic Sea Action Group (BSAG
Non-governmental organizations, e.g.
Baltic Sea NGO network
Scientific and educational networks, and knowledge brokering, e.g.
BALTEX, Baltic Sea University Program (BUP)
Funding of research, cooperation and investments, e.g.; Baltic Sea Region
Programme , BONUS
www.baltadapt.eu
Exposure to Climate Change
High certainty
Sea level rise (first in south, eventually in the whole region)
Annual air
temperature
Warmer summers
More heat waves
Long time
More events with extreme precipitation horizon
More severe dry spells, especially in the southern areas
Good More storms, high waves
observation data
and ensembles
of regionally
downscaled
models needed www.baltadapt.euReducing Vulnerability
• Focus on assessments of adaptive capacity - iterative process with stakeholders on all
levels
• Solidarity by actions that reduce vulnerability where it is most needed.
• Win-wins between various environmental and socio-economic goals and avoidance of
unexpected negative impacts
• Create forums that enable integration of polices and knowledge across sectors and
administrative levels.
• Merge top-down and bottom-up approaches - BSR wide indexes but also stressing
local drivers and barriers
www.baltadapt.euPrioritization of Issues
• High PROBABILITY that a change will occur
• Short TIME HORIZION until change is significant
• High MACRO-REGIONAL interest in issue
• High RISK without or PROBABLITY with adaptation
www.baltadapt.euMarine Biodiversity and Habitats
WARMER, LESS SALINE, MORE NUTRIENT
TRANSPORT FROM LAND
• Loss of original flora and fauna
• Anoxic sediments lead to loss of
communities of organism that live at the
sea bottom
• Change of composition of algae belts
• Higher survival rates of invasive species
• Changed population of birds and
decrease of the ringed seal, with
secondary ecosystem impacts
THE STRATEGY CALLS FOR:
ACTIONS MAINLY IN THE BASIN
www.baltadapt.euAgriculture
Possibilites:
Higher crop yields New crops - larger crop variety. Longer vegetation
periods. Longer periods for pasture grazing.
Challenges:
Introduction of new animal and plant pests and spread
of weeds. High soil mineralization and heavy rains cause
increased leaching of nutrients. Ventilation problems in
big pig farms. More problems with flooding.
THE STRATEGY CALLS FOR:
(1) Cross-border system including learning about new
diseases and pests as well as methods to mitigate
the impact of these on crop yield (2) Macro- regional
insurance system for economic losses during extreme
events, based on a solidarity and risk reduction concept
www.baltadapt.euFish and Fish Stock
• Limited possibilities for re-colonization from other marine areas and
limited possibilities to “escape” climate change by shifting distribution
ranges northwards
• Lower salinity and warmer water - fewer species, more freshwater species
at expense of the marine
• THE STRATEGY CALLS FOR: identification of “adaptation tipping point
approach” (warning signs) the EU Common Fisheries Policy (CFP)
regulation when existing management strategies
not will meet agreed objectives to help fisheries
management to take into account possible
climate change impacts.
www.baltadapt.euCoastal Infrastructure
• Coastal protection, maritime traffic, ports and touristic infrastructure.
• Medical infrastructure – reduce and acting on impacts of heat and extreme
weather events, UV radiation, allergen- and air-pollutants and hygiene
problems of food and water supply. Aging population
• THE STRATEGY CALLS FOR: Ensuring that the whole region have: (a)
funded coastal protection measures (b) implementation of spatial planning
instruments (c) willingness to establish multifunctional use of coastal
zones, (d) environmental awareness (e) risk communication and other
relevant information (f) availability to flexible and innovative approaches
through the creation of new knowledge and transfer of best policy options
www.baltadapt.euCoastal Tourism
Comparatively more suitable temperatures, prolonged
season but challenges from beach erosion, increase of eutrophication and
biodiversity loss, impact on freshwater resources, health.
“Microenterprises”, with a short planning horizon
THE STRATEGY CALLS FOR: (1) Integration with the tourism sector and
the transport and the energy sectors, which are the two sectors which the
tourism draws the most resources from.
(2) Forecast, Risk assessment and information sharing systems: Financial
risk assessments, monitoring systems for coastal algae, bacteria, or jellyfish
proliferation .
(3) Training and preparing rescue services for increased occurrence of forest
fires and floods,
(4) Marketing of sustainable tourism to ensure that the potentially increasing
visitor load in the BSR, not will increase the environmental impacts
proportionally.
www.baltadapt.euThe Action Plan
approach and structure
Katrin Kiefer/ German Federal Ministry for the Environment
Susanne Altvater /Ecologic Institute
Baltadapt 3rd Policy Forum, Tallinn
www.baltadapt.euWhat is the Action Plan there for?
WHAT? Adaptation Strategy
HOW? Action Plan
Provides the operational basis for implementing the strategy
by specifying priority activities for the macro-region in the field of
cc adaptation
www.baltadapt.euImplementing the strategy aims
Informed actors on all levels
Informing the
Raised awareness of the need for action at all levels BSR about cc
adaptation
policy relevant research-based knowledge on
impacts and vulnerabilities to CC
www.baltadapt.euImplementing the strategy aims
Review and mainstream policies in the light of cc Strenghtening
adaptation concerns across all relevant areas
adaptation to
cc by
Integrate climate adaptation in relevant EUSBSR mainstreaming
Action Plan priority areas
www.baltadapt.euImplementing the strategy aims
Connecting the
Ensure platforms for a policy-research dialogue BSR for cc
adaptation
Cooperation between EU and Russia
Making the BSR a model region for
a macro-regional approach to CC adaptation
www.baltadapt.euStructure Action Plan
Informing Strenghtening Connecting
the BSR adaptation to the BSR for
about cc cc by cc
adaptation mainstreaming adaptation
Adaptation actions:
Infrastructure, Tourism, Food supply, Biodiversity
Financing climate change adaptation in the BSR
www.baltadapt.euStructure Action Plan
Box 12 - Info: Existing NAS
Denmark, Finland, Germany and Lithuania have
• Recommended actions developed and adopted NAS, all with a focus on specific
sectors. At the same time, integration and
mainstreaming adaptation within existing national
• Background information programmes is central to these NAS. Action Plans are
supporting the implementation of the NAS in Denmark,
Finland and Germany. Two of them are mentioning
• Info Boxes cross-border initiatives (DE, DK).
BSR countries in the process of developing NAS:
• Good practice examples Estonia, Latvia and Poland
Box 8 - Good Practice: BalticClimate Toolkit
The project BalticClimate developed a Toolkit, as an
empowering knowledge transfer instrument for actors
on the local and regional level related to the
implementation of climate change mitigation and
adaptation measures.
•www.toolkit.balticclimate.org
www.baltadapt.euInforming and increasing
knowledge base
Increase knowledge base:
• Research needs on climate change impacts and
vulnerabilities
• Impact assessments for sectors
• promotion of multi- and interdisciplinary studies
• economic assessments of costs and benefits of climate
adaptation
(vs costs of inaction)
• social context of adaptation responses
www.baltadapt.euInforming and increasing
knowledge base
Provide and exchange
information:
• ClimateAdapt platform
• Integration of of the Baltic
Window
• Other platforms (web and
“human”) to facilitate
exchange of knowledge
policy/science/”best
practices” (e.g. Geodome)
www.baltadapt.euStrengthening adaptation by
mainstreaming
• Identify key instruments for integrating adaptation
Use cross-cutting issue of spatial planning (SEA for
plans/programmes and EIA for projects; pilot plans for trans-
boundary MSP)
• Include adaptation requirements in relevant legal provisions
or establish new intruments
• Integration in other policy processes(National Sustainability
Strategies, National Biodiversity Strategies, MSFD etc)
• Mainstreaming of the private sector
E.g. ZÜRS Geo online platform of the German Insurance Association
(GDV)
www.baltadapt.euStrengthening adaptation by
mainstreaming
• Use of already existing instruments/networks at national level
Country Temporary Institutional Other strategies
coordination for coordination addressing
NAS and action bodies adaptation
plans
Denmark Preliminary inter- Coordination
ministerial Forum for
working group Climate change
Adaptation
Finland Series of Finish Forestry strategy
seminars during Coordination Foresight report
the development Group for
of the NAS Adaptation to
Climate Change
www.baltadapt.euCooperation and Participation
• Increase trans-national cooperation
macro-regional e.g. by a transnational steering group on cc adaptation
Cluster existing activities in working groups or platforms
Interlink work of macro-regional and intergovernmental organisation
On national level: coordinate measures/focal points?
Involvement on Non-EU countries (e.g. Russia - EU External Action Programme)
• Support and facilitation of cross-sectoral cooperation
• Increase Participation on national/local level
• Improvement of Science-Policy cooperation (e.g. ECRA -
European Climate Research Alliance )
www.baltadapt.euActions in the four sectors
Main Set of
CC Prioritization potential
impacts measures
Criteria
• Importance/Effectiveness
• Urgency
Most • Flexibility
important • No-regret characteristic
actions • Side-effects
• Cost-efficiency
• Feasibility
www.baltadapt.euInstrument
Regulatory instruments
(commands/prohibitions,
charges)
Planning Instruments
instruments
Categorie of
Economical Instruments
(taxes, fees, licences)
measures
Toolbox
www.baltadapt.eu
Example of Practice
or example
Infrastructure
Sect
Biodiversity
Agriculture and Fisheries
Tourism
Aim of
EU
national authority
Länder (in federal systems)
necessary
District/Region
Implementing
Municipality
adaptation stakeholder(s) , if
Businesses
administrative level
NGOsFinancing
• Actions to the stakeholders with regard to area- / sector-
specific financing
• Mainstreaming adaptation in programming
INTERREG V BSR
Horizon 2020
BONUS
Cohesion Fund:
Rural Development Programmes
EU LIFE+
See: Financing adaptation measures 30th May, 10:50 – 12:20
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