BUXTON STORE EXTENSION SUSTAINABLE ENERGY STRATEGY - High ...
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
BUXTON STORE EXTENSION
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY STRATEGY
Sam Hunt
b:ssec
112 Warminster Road
Westbury
Bath
BA13 3PR
Tel 01373 300 490
Email sam@bssec.co.uk
www.bssec.co.uk
DATE 6th December 2010
REFERENCE 01
Report for Morrisons by b:ssec
December 2010
Executive Summary
As part of the extension works at the Morrison Buxton store, on-site Table E.a Summary of the sustainable energy strategy for the
renewable energy will be provided to achieve a 10% reduction in Morrisons Buxton store.
the extension’s carbon emissions.
CARBON
Measures for the Buxton Store
The sustainable energy strategy for the extension of the Buxton HIERARCHY
store is set out in Table E.a. This follows the Morrisons Carbon
Hierarchy, which includes renewables for the replacement of carbon Avoid Minimised heat loss through modulation of the fresh air
emissions, following the avoidance and reduction of these emissions
through passive design and efficiency measures respectively. In
emissions supply for ventilation.
response to this strategic approach and its achievements, Morrisons
has been recognised as the leading supermarket for carbon
Control strategy to minimise the use of lighting.
reduction: Avoiding the use of cooling.
It was the first UK supermarket to achieve the Carbon Trust
Replacing the store’s boilers with higher efficiency models.
•
Standard for year-on-year emission reductions. Reduce
emissions
• Morrisons was third place (the highest supermarket) in the
FTSE 350 Carbon Strategy Index 2010. Efficient, variable speed fans for ventilation.
The following on-site renewable energy technologies will be Energy efficient T5 fittings for new general lighting in the
implemented as part of the extension works at the Morrisons Buxton extension.
store:
• A Heat Harvester to meet most of the store’s domestic hot ECA Energy Technology List components for the
water demand using renewable waste heat from its refrigeration system.
refrigeration plant.
• A 72 m2 solar photovoltaic array on the store’s roof to Replace Use of waste heat from refrigeration to pre-heat domestic
generate renewable electricity. emissions hot water.
The energy strategy for this project includes improvements to the Renewable generation of electricity using a solar
store’s existing services, including its refrigeration plant, boilers and
ventilation plant. It is expected that these improvements will reduce photovoltaic array on the store’s roof.
the building’s carbon footprint by 13%.
Report for Morrisons by b:ssec
December 2010
Page 2
Contents
Executive Summary ..................................................... 2
1 Introduction .......................................................... 4
2 Morrisons Corporate Sustainability ....................... 6
3 Avoid Emissions .................................................... 8
4 Reduce Emissions ................................................ 10
5 Replace Emissions ............................................... 12
6 Summary ............................................................. 14
Appendices ................................................................ 15
Report for Morrisons by b:ssec
December 2010
Page 3
1 Introduction
Wm Morrison Supermarkets are planning a 1,253 m2 extension to project has been separately issued but the text below summarises
their store in Buxton. The local planning authority is High Peak relevant aspects of the expected BREEAM performance of the
Borough Council, which has stated a requirement for renewable Morrisons Buxton extension.
energy on site.
• The store will achieve a Very Good rating.
High Peak Borough Council expects 10% of the • Two BREEAM credits will be achieved under
predicted energy demand of major developments Ene 5 for a 10% carbon saving from the
to be generated on site by renewable means. use of low or zero carbon (i.e. renewable)
The basis for setting an aspirational target is energy.
taken from the Supplement to Planning Policy
Statement 1: Planning and Climate Change. An e-mail of 15/11/10 from Joanna Bagnall, Senior Officer for
Environmental Planning at High Peak Borough Council stated “we
welcome the approach of meeting the renewables requirement via a
Supplement to Planning Policy Statement 1 certified 10% carbon reduction achieved through BREEAM
(PPS1): Planning and Climate Change. accreditation”. This strategy therefore sets out how the extension
This 2007 document (presently under review) will achieve two credits under BREEAM Ene 5 in order to meet the
states that planning authorities should: High Peak Council’s expectation of 10% renewables.
“Set out a target percentage of the energy to be
Morrisons has a standard approach to reducing carbon emissions
used in new development to come from
from its operations. The Morrisons approach follows the hierarchy
decentralised and renewable or low-carbon
illustrated in Figure 1.a. Other aspects of Morrisons corporate
energy sources where it is viable. The target
sustainability policy will be described in Section 2, following which
should avoid prescription on technologies and
Sections 3-5 work through the carbon hierarchy demonstrating how
be flexible in how carbon savings from local
the extension of the Morrisons Buxton store will avoid, reduce and
energy supplies are to be secured”.
replace emissions through passive design, energy efficiency
and renewable energy.
A draft replacement for the PPS1 climate change supplement was
issued for consultation in March this year. This emphasises the need
Fundamental to any energy strategy is an understanding of how
for any local requirement for a building’s sustainability to be in
energy is used. Figure 1.b shows the breakdown of CO2 emissions in
terms of the achievement of a nationally described standard (Policy
a typical Morrisons store by energy end-use. The comparative
LCF9). The most widely recognised standard for non-domestic
significance of the various energy end-uses determines the
buildings in the UK is BREEAM (Building Research Establishment
effectiveness of particular carbon reduction measures and should
Environmental Assessment Method). BREEAM assessments are
shape the energy strategy for a building.
undertaken for new Morrisons stores as standard, and such an
assessment is required for the extension of the Morrisons Buxton
store. A report on the BREEAM pre-assessment of the extension
Report for Morrisons by b:ssec
December 2010
Page 4
CARBON HIERARCHY Example Measures Mechanical
services Gas
Avoid emissions Reduce heat loss
10% 10%
Introduce daylight
Minimise HFC refrigerants
Reduce emissions Use energy efficient heating, ventilation, lighting etc. Refrigeration
Small power 45%
Manage energy through monitoring and targeting
15%
Replace emissions Renewable generation of electricity
Heating using low carbon fuels Lighting
Using waste heat sources to provide heating 20%
Figure 1.a The Morrisons Carbon Hierarchy. Figure 1.b. Breakdown of the carbon emissions from a typical
Morrisons store.
Report for Morrisons by b:ssec
December 2010
Page 52 Morrisons Corporate Sustainability
• 830 tonnes CO2 saved from plant and machinery
2.1 Energy & Carbon improvements in Morrisons food production facilities.
Morrisons has shown leadership in its corporate approach to
reducing carbon emissions. This has been recognised in the
following ways:
• Morrisons was the first UK supermarket to achieve the
Carbon Trust Standard (Figure 2.a.iii) for year-on-year
emission reductions.
• Morrisons was third place (the highest supermarket) in the
FTSE 350 Carbon Strategy Index 2010.
Morrisons has recently agreed a Carbon Reduction Strategy, which
sets a target of a 30% absolute reduction in emissions between
2005 and 2020. It is the only supermarket to bind itself to an (i) (ii) (iii)
absolute reduction despite plans for expanding its business. This
target builds on a 16% reduction already achieved by Morrisons in Figure 2.a. The Heat Harvester system (i) retro-fitted in
carbon emissions between 2005 and 2009. existing stores, the Cooling Industry Awards 2009 (ii) and
the Carbon Trust Standard achieved by Morrisons (iii).
The chief contributor to carbon reductions by Morrisons over the last
five years has been its programme of refrigeration improvement. As
well as ensuring new stores have the best refrigeration systems 2.2 Water
available, Morrisons has been radically improving systems in
existing stores (which were often inherited as part of the purchase Morrisons recognises that water resources are limited and that
of existing buildings): mains water consumption has a significant environmental impact. It
• £100 million has been invested in these improvements. therefore includes the following measures in its new stores:
• The 2009 Cooling Industry Award (Figure 2.a.ii) for Field • Water recycling in the vehicle wash.
Service Innovation of the Year was given to Morrisons for its • Low volume, dual flush toilets.
refrigerant change-out programme.
• Low flow push taps.
Other improvements by Morrisons have included: • Automatic metering of water consumption which will identify
excessive consumption (e.g. due to leaks).
• 17,000 tonnes CO2 saved through logistics efficiencies
including the construction of new distribution centres. These and other measures have led to Morrisons achieving a 19%
reduction in mains water consumption between 2005 and 2009.
Report for Morrisons by b:ssec
December 2010
Page 62.3 Waste production facilities and farms, which give it greater opportunities
for carbon reduction and other environmental improvements. It also
Morrisons is working to minimise the environmental impact of its works actively with customers and community organisations. Other
own waste and that generated by its customers, and has achieved achievements include stocking the regionally sourced “From my
the following: farm” range (Figure 2.c) and supporting schools in its “Let’s grow”
campaign (Figure 2.c). For more details on Morrisons sustainability
• 77% of its waste is diverted from landfill.
achievements see its corporate social responsibility reports
• The quantity of packaging for Morrisons own brand products (http://www.morrisons.co.uk/corporate/Corporate-Social-
was reduced by 16% between 2006 and 2009. Responsibility-200910/).
• A 39% reduction in the environmental impact of standard
Morrisons carrier bags has been achieved.
• The Great Taste Less Waste campaign (Figure 2.b.i;
www.morrisons.co.uk/GreatTasteLessWaste), which gives
storage advice on fresh produce (Figure 2.b.ii), information
on the difference between “best before” and “use by” dates,
and recipe ideas for food leftovers.
Figure 2.c The Morrisons “Let’s Grow” campaign and the
“From My Farm” range.
(i) (ii)
Figure 2.b Great Taste Less Waste campaign (i) and Best
Kept stickers for fresh produce (ii).
2.4 Other
Morrisons has a large number of other policies in place to increase
sustainability. It is the only supermarket with its own food
Report for Morrisons by b:ssec
December 2010
Page 73 Avoid Emissions
The use of lighting will also be reduced by the control strategy:
3.1 Refrigeration • Illuminance levels provided by general lighting in the sales
area will reduce to a third outside opening times.
Food refrigeration typically uses HFCs as refrigerants, most of which • Display lighting is automatically switched off outside opening
are 1000 times more potent greenhouse gases than CO2. HFC hours.
leakage is a significant element of the Morrisons carbon footprint, as
• Lighting in new food preparation areas and storage space will
it is for all other food retailers. As outlined in Section 2, Morrisons
also be controlled either by timers or presence detection to
has a strategic approach to improving its refrigeration equipment.
switch off when it is unnecessary.
The extension of the Morrisons Berwick store will include the
installation of new refrigeration equipment. HFC emissions from this
equipment will be minimised and as far as possible new refrigerants
will be selected to minimise their global warming potential (GWP).
New refrigerated stores will have high levels of insulation to
minimise heat ingress and display cabinets will use insulated doors
or automatic night blinds.
3.2 Lighting
Lighting is a major energy end-user in retail buildings but its use Figure 3.a The west facade of the Buxton store following the
can be minimised through the introduction of daylight and through extension showing glazing in the entrance area and the café
the controls strategy. The scope for introducing daylight to the new (to the right).
parts of the store is limited as spaces along the long north facade
are largely food preparation areas and it would be difficult and
3.3 Heat Loss
inappropriate to introduce windows to them. However, daylight will
be introduced to the following areas as part of the extension works:
The insulation provided for the extension will improve on the fabric
• The entrance area, which will have a high level of glazing standards of the existing store. However, the primary path for heat
(Figure 3.a). loss from supermarket buildings is via the ventilation system rather
• The café, which will retain its glazing through the than conduction through the building fabric. This will be addressed
remodelling to reduce the need for artificial lighting and in the sales area following the extension by modulating the supply
provide a comfortable internal environment (Figure 3.a). of fresh air by the air handling units. The need for fresh air is
identified through monitoring CO2 levels inside the building.
Report for Morrisons by b:ssec
December 2010
Page 83.4 Cooling
The existing sales area, its planned extension and other new spaces
will avoid the need for cooling. The ventilation design and control of
internal gains (e.g. from lighting) lead to comfort cooling not being
required, removing a major potential source of carbon emissions.
Report for Morrisons by b:ssec
December 2010
Page 94 Reduce Emissions
Table 4.b Energy efficiency improvements to existing
4.1 New Services services at the Morrisons Buxton store.
Having minimised the need for energy through passive measures, Measure Description
the next stage of the carbon hierarchy is to reduce emissions by
ensuring energy is used efficiently. This is achieved through the Sales area The fans for the existing air handling unit will
specification and design of efficient systems, through careful ventilation be replaced with more efficient fans with
commissioning of these systems and good management of energy variable speed drives to reduce electricity
in the operational building. Table 4.a summarises the ways in which consumption and heat loss through efficient
energy efficient design and specification will be used to reduce modulation of the fresh air supply.
carbon emissions from the Buxton store extension. Boiler replacement The existing space heating boilers will be
Table 4.a Efficiency measures for new services provided at replaced with more efficient, condensing gas
the Morrisons Buxton store. boilers and the heating system re-
commissioned to improve its efficiency.
Refrigeration Any new refrigeration components will be from
the ECA Energy Technology Product List. This Bakery and Meat New, more efficient supply and extract fans
demonstrates that they achieve Best Practice Prep Ventilation will be installed in these areas.
levels of energy efficiency. Stockroom Automatic controls will be fitted to the
Lighting Low energy T5 fittings will be used for new draught proofing stockroom door to prevent heat loss from it
general lighting. when it is open and a draught barrier will be
installed between the stockroom and sales
Ventilation New fans for the sales area and food area.
preparation areas in the extension will have Stockroom lighting Presence detection will be used to switch off
low specific fan powers and variable speed control lighting in areas of the stockroom which are
drives. intermittently occupied.
Canteen The present ventilation system will be
ventilation replaced with air handling units with more
4.2 Existing Services efficient, variable speed fans.
As part of the early design work for the Morrisons Buxton store
As described in Section 2, Morrisons has an industry-leading
extension project, a survey of the site and an assessment of
strategy for improving refrigeration systems in its stores. According
opportunities for carbon reduction in existing services on the site
to the database used to guide this strategy, the refrigeration system
have been undertaken. Table 4.b describes the expected
at the Morrisons Buxton store is due for replacement in the near
improvements.
future. It is therefore expected that, as well as providing new
Report for Morrisons by b:ssec
December 2010
Page 10refrigeration plant for the expanded sales area, the works at Buxton
will include improvements to existing refrigeration plant. Typically
these improvements cause a reduction of 10-15% in a store’s
electricity consumption.
It is expected that the combined impact of the measures set out in
Table 4.b and refrigeration improvements in the Buxton store will
reduce carbon emissions from the existing building by 12%.
4.3 Metering and Control
Emissions can be further reduced through effective management of
energy consuming equipment. The boiler replacement will be
accompanied by re-commissioning of the heating system’s controls
and savings from improvement of the sales area air handling unit
will partly come from modulating the ventilation rate on the basis of
measured CO2 levels. Sub-meters will be fitted to monitor all major
new electrical plant and the site is already regularly monitored using
automatic meter reading by the Morrisons Energy Team.
Report for Morrisons by b:ssec
December 2010
Page 115 Replace Emissions
5.1 Introduction 5.2 Renewable Hot Water Supply
The floor area of the extension of the Morrisons Buxton store is A significant potential source of renewable energy in supermarkets
more than 100 m2 and more than 25% of the existing building so is the heat rejected by food refrigeration systems. As part of the
will need to be modelled using the National Calculation Methodology works associated with the planned extension at the Buxton store,
(NCM, e.g. SBEM or IES VECompliance) to demonstrate compliance Morrisons will install a Heat Harvester system. The system recovers
with Part L of the Building Regulations. This modelling will also be high grade (up to 60oC) heat from the refrigeration system to pre-
necessary as part of the BREEAM assessment to calculate an EPC heat domestic hot water. Table 5.b predicts the energy and carbon
rating for the extension (for issue Ene 1) and to demonstrate the savings provided to the extension by the use of the Heat Harvester
achievement of two credits under issue Ene 5. An NCM model has at the Morrisons Buxton store. In reality, the Heat Harvester should
not yet been built for the Buxton store extension. However, save 9.2 tonnes CO2 by reducing emissions associated with
modelling of typical new Morrisons stores in iSBEM 2010 (which domestic hot water for the store as a whole. However, the terms of
implements the 2010 NCM) has indicated that energy demands and BREEAM Ene 5 preclude considering this as a contribution to the
emissions of the level shown in Table 5.a are necessary to achieve 10% requirement.
compliance with Part L 2010.
Table 5.b Predicted energy and carbon saving from the use of
Table 5.a Estimates of iSBEM 2010 outputs for the Morrisons a Heat Harvester to pre-heat domestic hot water for the
Buxton store extension. extension of the Morrisons Buxton store.
Baseline gas consumption
Part L 2010 Predicted CO2 12,129 kWh
for domestic hot water
Benchmark consumption Emissions
(kWh/m2) (kWh) (tonnes) Gas saving from Heat
9,097 kWh
Harvester
Mains gas 44.6 55,909 11.5
Carbon saving 1.9 tonnes CO2
Regulated
57.9 72,586 42.9 Fraction carbon saving 3.4%
electricity
Total 102.6 128,495 54.4
5.3 Solar Photovoltaics
Given the results shown in Table 5.a, a 5.4 tonnes CO2 saving from
renewable energy will be required to give the 10% reduction Solar photovoltaics (PV) are a reliable source of renewable
required for 2 credits under Ene 5. electricity, with the introduction of Feed-in Tariffs, they have
become cost effective in the UK and their retro-fitting to an existing
building such as the Buxton store with a flat roof is comparatively
Report for Morrisons by b:ssec
December 2010
Page 12simple. Table 5.c describes a PV array expected to provide sufficient instance, if rows of 1.5 m tall panels are installed, the distance from
renewable electricity to ensure a total carbon reduction of 10% is the front of one row to the front of the next should be 2.8 m. This
achieved from it and the Heat Harvester. would give the array a footprint equivalent to about double its cell
area. Therefore 144 m2 roof area would be needed for the array.
Table 5.c The solar photovoltaic array planned for the
This space is easily available on the roof of the Morrisons Buxton
Morrisons Buxton store as part of the extension project.
store with minimal shading.
Array capacity 9 kWp
Array area 72 m2 5.4 Other Technologies
Annual electricity output 7,200 kWh
Behind Morrisons’ choice of energy strategy for the Buxton store lies
Carbon saving 4.3 tonnes CO2 a great deal of analysis from previous projects. b:ssec undertook a
Fraction carbon saving 7.8% Carbon Trust Strategic Design Advice project for Morrisons in 2009
to evaluate low carbon technologies for its new stores and
extensions. This and consideration of specific constraints at the
The array described in Table 5.c would be expected to be mounted Buxton site have lead to the conclusions shown in Table 5.d
on a frame on the store’s roof at an angle of 33o above the regarding other renewable options.
horizontal. The rows of solar panels should have sufficient
separation to minimise shading of cells by one another. For
Table 5.d. Assessment for the Morrisons Buxton store of alternative renewable technologies.
Technology Assessment
Wind In order to provide a significant contribution to the energy demand of the Buxton store, a free-standing turbine would have to be used. The
Buxton store site is sheltered by its valley location and neighbouring woodland. This will make wind speeds lower and more difficult to
predict.
Biomass Biomass (e.g. in the form of woodchip and wood pellets) is a major resource for cost effectively providing low carbon heat and power.
However, given the modest heat loads in Morrisons stores, it would not be an appropriate technology for this project.
Solar thermal Solar hot water (SHW) will not be appropriate for the store because it will have limited demand for domestic hot water and the heat
hot water available from refrigeration will be greatest when the yield from an SHW system would also be greatest, wasting the energy output from one
or the other.
Ground source Borehole systems for heating and refrigeration (as a source of heat in winter and as a heat sink in summer) can provide significant carbon
heat pumps savings in supermarkets but there are limited successful case studies of their long term use. Morrisons is therefore examining this
technology as part of ongoing research and development.
Hydro The River Wye runs through the Morrisons Buxton store site. The installation of hydro generation on this stretch of river would require civil
works, and consultation with the Environment Agency and Biwater. The potentially high cost and uncertainty of this measure have led to it
not being pursued.
Report for Morrisons by b:ssec
December 2010
Page 136 Summary
This report has set out the sustainable energy strategy for the Table 6.a Summary of the sustainable energy strategy for the
extension of the Morrisons Buxton store, and has aimed to Morrisons Buxton store.
demonstrate Morrisons’ corporate leadership in carbon reduction
and other areas of sustainability. The energy strategy is CARBON
Measures for the Buxton Store
summarised in Table 6.a, set out according to the Morrisons carbon HIERARCHY
hierarchy.
Avoid Minimised heat loss through modulation of the fresh air
As an indication of the store’s sustainable design and low carbon
energy strategy, the following, independently audited targets will be
emissions supply for ventilation.
achieved: Control strategy to minimise the use of lighting.
A BREEAM Very Good rating.
Avoiding the use of cooling.
•
• A 10% carbon reduction from renewable energy.
Estimates in this report have indicated that the 10% renewable Reduce Replacing the store’s boilers with higher efficiency models.
emissions
energy target can be achieved by the measures shown in Table 6.a.
However, detailed design may lead to some adjustment to this Efficient, variable speed fans for ventilation.
strategy (e.g. in the size of the solar PV array) in order to ensure
the relevant credits under BREEAM are achieved. Energy efficient T5 fittings for new general lighting in the
extension.
In addition to passive design, energy efficiency and renewable
energy to minimise the carbon footprint of the extension, work at ECA Energy Technology List components for the
the Morrisons Buxton store will reduce carbon emissions from the
existing building through efficiency improvements. It is expected
refrigeration system.
that this work will reduce the existing store’s carbon footprint by Replace Use of waste heat from refrigeration to pre-heat domestic
hot water.
13%.
emissions
Renewable generation of electricity using a solar
photovoltaic array on the store’s roof.
Report for Morrisons by b:ssec
December 2010
Page 14Appendices
Appendix 1 – Carbon & Energy Calculations
Baseline (Section 5.1) Heat Harvester (Section 5.2)
Part L 2010 EF Baseline gas for DHW 12,129 kWh
Gas 0.206 kgCO2/kWh Based on Arctic Circle
Electricity 0.591 kgCO2/kWh Fraction DHW provided 75% monitoring
Saving from Heat
Extension GIFA 1,654 m2 Harvester 9,097 kWh
Carbon Saving 1.9 tonnes
iSBEM 2010 Part L Benchmarks Fraction saving 3.4%
Space heating 34.94 kWh/m2
DHW 9.68 kWh/m2 Solar Photovoltaics (Section 5.3)
Regulated
electricity 57.93 kWh/m2 Area 72 m2
Unit capacity 8 m2/kWp
Part L 2010 Predicted CO2 Total capacity 9 kWp
Benchmark consumption Emissions Yield 800 kWh/kWp
(kWh/m2) (kWh) (tonnes)
Annual
Mains gas 44.6 55,909 11.5 output 7,200 kWh
Regulated 57.93 72,586 42.9
Carbon saved 4.3 tonnes CO2
electricity
Fraction
Total 102.6 128,495 54.4
saving 7.8%
Report for Morrisons by b:ssec
December 2010
Page 15You can also read
