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«THE BEST INNOVATOR IN SCIENCE - 2022»
Organized by Innovative Academy
METHODS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF
PATRIOTISM IN STUDENTS OF MILITARY HIGHER
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Khurramov Mansur Musurmon o'gli
Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami
Student of the Faculty of Military Education
E-mail: mansurhurramov71@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6025412
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Received: 15-december 2021 Since the independence of the Uzbek people, in the
Accepted: 15-january 2022 system of spiritual and moral education of our youth,
Online: 5-february 2022
including students of military education, there is a sense of
KEY WORDS patriotism, faith in the motherland, patriotism, humanity
Patriotism, military and kindness. The formation of their feelings, their
education, loyalty to the upbringing as loyal children of their people and homeland is
country, military oath, laws, becoming the spirituality and content of our lives. Patriotism
military knowledge, is one of the most ancient and centuries-old human emotions,
spirituality, armed forces. which has always had a specific social and psychological
content and originality. As a result, national and universal
values of patriotism emerged.
Our first President I.A.Karimov said, Man's spiritual maturity is determined by
“Indeed, the feeling of homeland, the the values that emerge, are formed and
concept of homeland, must be as pure and determine the spirituality of the individual,
great for us as a shrine. We must learn the based on the formation of the values of
great human virtue of honouring the patriotism, humanity and kindness in him.
motherland, protecting it from evil eyes The future of independent Uzbekistan
and actions, and, if necessary, sacrificing largely depends on the upbringing of a
our lives for our motherland. " harmoniously developed generation. To do
Emphasizing that the great task facing this, we must follow the noble ideas of our
teachers and intellectuals today is to bring wise people and thinkers and teach our
up well-rounded, well-educated young military youth the most popular moral
people who have a deep sense of love for values and values used by our ancestors
their country and motherland, devotion to from childhood in the educational process.
the motherland and people, patriotism and The results of scientific research conducted
humanity. "First of all, it is both a duty and by pedagogues and psychologists, as well
an obligation to bring up our children, the as a number of initiatives of the
younger generation, who are our support Government of Uzbekistan, personally
and hope, our future, in the spirit of the initiated and led by the first President
Fatherland and the sense of humanity and Islam Karimov, in the interests of our
purpose," he said. Therefore, it is a priority children and people, such as human
to develop a sense of patriotism in the personality and upbringing, family
minds of the younger generation.
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upbringing, healthy generation, documents perfect man and a mature community - are
and decisions were made. highlighted.
In all spheres of life, based on the The great thinkers and scholars of the East
national interests of the republic, taking have devoted all their creative activity to
into account the age-old way of life, the formation and development of the
traditions, customs and skills of our spiritual culture of the individual. This is
ancestors, to form in our children feelings the feature that distinguishes the creative
of love and sincerity for their homeland activity of Eastern thinkers from that of
and people, application to the theory and Western thinkers. For example, in
practice of education is becoming one of AlisherNavoi's epic "Farhod and Shirin"
the important urgent tasks. there is a strong desire to enjoy the source
According to the ancient Greek of courage, honesty, enlightenment, hard
philosopher (384-322 BC) Aristotle, "it is work, respect for the elderly, the interests
not the goal but the means to achieve it of the state and the people. Human
that are decisive." qualities such as self-interest, as well as
In epic narratives, which are considered to loyal love, are embodied and can serve as
be our spiritual heritage, including the an example for students of military
Avesto, Gorogly, Alpomish epics, Firdavsi's education. In this way, the poet tried to
"Shohnoma", Mahmud Kashgari's "Devonu show the basics of the formation and
lug'atit-turk", and a number of other works development of the spiritual culture of the
consider the qualities of our ancestors as individual. When Farhod is given the
love of country, people, honour and loyalty opportunity to run the country, he says
to friends as their main social qualities. that he is still young, that he has no
The scholars of the first period of the experience in this field, and that it would
Eastern revival (9th-11th centuries) were be better if he was hired by people who are
brought up in the tenets of Islam, tested older than him and have more experience
them several times in life, and tried to in public administration. will not accept
convey them to us through words of this offer. However, Farhod was well-
wisdom. In particular, Abu Rayhan al- known among the courtiers and the
Beruni said, "The main cause of all vices is common people for his knowledge and
ignorance." Abu Ali ibn Sina said, “To know skills in this area. With this behaviour of
the truth, one must have knowledge, but the poet Farhod, he tried to show the
any knowledge does not lead to the truth. following qualities that develop spiritual
To know the truth of one's knowledge, one culture:
must know logic. "Medieval Central Asian 1. Ability to self-evaluate and have a deep
scholars and 19th-century Jadids also sense of responsibility for each task.
focused on human qualities, highlighting 2. Take things in stride and try not focus
the basic characteristics of a perfect human too much on the problem.
figure. In the works of thinkers, scientists, 3. Respect older and more experienced
poets and sages of this period, human people and try to learn from their
qualities that are important for social experience.
development - humanity, belief in 4. Stay away from the flaws of
knowledge, protection of the interests of bureaucracy. Amir Temur also gave a lot of
the people, raising spirituality, achieving a educational instructions in his charters. In
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particular, he stressed the need to treat Spirituality is the spirituality of man, the
public administration with justice, to treat stages of its formation, the factors that play
the intelligentsia fairly, to show a special role in the formation of
compassion to the poor, and to defend spirituality, the social development of
national values in a sustainable manner. spirituality, moral significance, as well as
Thoughts are of great importance in the the conditions for the formation of his
formation of a direct spiritual culture. spirituality, based on the psychological
Farobi's “City of Noble People” discusses characteristics of the individual. Emphasis
the problem of enforcing laws, which is one is placed on the fact that patriotism is a
of the main criteria of democracy. characteristic of a person with a high level
According to Farobi, when a new law is of spirituality. The concept of “patriotism”
passed, a true legislator will take into is also interpreted. According to the
account the fact that it will bring happiness, author, “patriotism is a characteristic of all
joy, freedom and prosperity to all classes, people who connect their destiny with the
generations and people of the country. The destiny of the homeland and the nation.
law should be well-received by people with The opportunities, glory and prestige of the
a variety of personalities and qualities. nation's development also depend on the
According to Farobi, happiness can be level of formation of patriotic values in the
achieved through wisdom and constant people of this nation. "In his book "Pride"
striving. Therefore, the law only leads to M.Sharifkhodjaev expressed his views on
prosperity when it is focused on cultivating the values of rightful pride in the great
a strong spirit and common sense. This state of the future, the achievements of the
means that the leader must strive to republic during the years of independence.
educate the people, to strengthen their Focusing on faith and patriotism, the
spirit and understanding. If we summarize author emphasizes the need for a thorough
and organize these positive qualities, which study of the history of the Uzbek people,
are the human criteria of our ancient the restoration of national traditions and
ancestors and are required of everyone, the customs, enriching it with modern
following system of social qualities is achievements, explaining to the military
embodied: first - courage, then - youth on the basis of modern
knowledge, resourcefulness, patriotism, requirements. .
diligence, humanity, morality and decency, B.Aminov, T.Rasulov in their book
friendship, thrift, and frugality. Both "Homeland - a jewel in the heart" to form
religious and secular works played an national and patriotic values in students in
important role in the formation of such the spirit of devotion to the Motherland,
qualities. faith, ancestral heritage, devotion to the
The lofty ideals of the perfect man are teachings provided training materials on
especially deeply expressed in the works of As the First President of the Republic of
thinkers such as Abu Nasr al-Farabi and Uzbekistan I.A.Karimov said: “Uzbekistan is
AlisherNavoi. In fact, a perfect human a sacred Motherland, the land of our
being is a high position that can be attained ancestors. We are glad that raising our
through teachings and practices. children in the spirit of devotion to this
E. Yusupov in his work "Spiritual land, instilling in their hearts a loving love
foundations of human perfection" said that: for every age of this blessed land - is
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becoming one of the most important proud and satisfied with the place of a
qualities of today. In his speeches and person of a certain nation in the world
works, the First President of Uzbekistan community, his position, his contribution
I.A.Karimov lamented that in the to human development and civilization.
spirituality of our people, in the hearts of Patriotism is a sense of belonging to a
our people, a citizen living on the land particular nation and a sense of pride in the
where he lives, if necessary, will not spare contribution of that nation to world
his life, to form love for the Motherland culture, as well as a sense of devotion to
from an early age. "First of all, it is both a one's own nation and practical action in
duty and an obligation to bring up our that direction. S. Ochilov's book
children, our young generation, who are "Spirituality and Fundamentals of
our support and hope, our hope and future, Education" describes the reforms taking
in the way of the Motherland and the place in Uzbekistan during the period of
patriotic feeling and purpose," he said. independence, the educational process. The
Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor author puts forward the following opinion:
Z. Nishonova defines the concept of "Education means the game, the home. In
"harmoniously developed person" as the process of their work, in the study of
follows: "A fully developed person is a education and science, it is necessary to
person who is able to express himself, his understand and know the political
abilities in all respects, mentally mature, explanation of life and life lessons, as well
highly talented and capable." He is a free, as the state of personal example. These
creative person, who is spiritually high, factors must be combined ", he says.
morally pure, physically healthy that able According to him, “Man should be educated
to feel the beauty of life. The author in two main ways: by the direct influence of
reveals the role of spiritual and moral others, that is, by teaching, as well as by
views put forward by Eastern thinkers in reading the thoughts, teachings, and works
the history of the formation of the perfect of the sages, so that students can express
man and their significance for today, which their thoughts, people in his actions, in
serves as an important guide for the what he has done, and in what he is doing,
effective organization of spiritual and he is able to draw appropriate conclusions
moral education in educational institutions. - the most powerful - can be nurtured
The concepts of national “pride” and through thinking. Our first president notes
“pride” in the formation of patriotic values that it is advisable to recommend this set of
in the psychological literature can reflect studied samples as an educational guide
both individual and social characteristics in and guide for young military students. The
terms of the object of study. After all, formation of patriotic values of military
personal pride is a psychological trait that youth is not limited to theoretical
is unique to a person, such as his or her knowledge. Only selfless young people,
social status (e.g., status as a member of a who serve the country, the nation, and
particular nation), personal characteristics, protect its interests, care about its future.
lifestyle, professional or social activity, and In the future, young professionals working
satisfaction with accomplishments is in the socio-political, economic, legal and
considered to form. Having the values of other spheres of our country will be
national pride means understanding, being formed on the basis of their social activity,
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the deeper the patriotic values in their assessment, achieving positive spiritual
minds and worldviews. The Republican values, conscious self-management, living
psychologists' research on spirituality with the values of the Motherland,
analyzes national values and its methods contributing to its development; it is a
and tools for the development of military combination of qualities such as respect for
students. Educating military students is one's mother tongue and respect for other
one of the main tasks of military school nations. It allows teenagers to learn about
teachers. With the help of upbringing, the national identity, the past of the nation, the
tried, best, progressive experience of uniqueness of its history. Because a person
generations is assimilated and passed on to who does not understand the history of his
the new generation, people's consciousness people cannot determine his place in
and moral values are inculcated in this society and his position among different
society, and a conscious attitude towards nations. A person who does not have a
them is formed. Therefore, one of the social status cannot think independently
important tasks of the education system is and make decisions in different situations.
to form and develop the values of faith and Therefore, he is doomed to dependence,
patriotism in the worldview of adolescent servitude and slavery. In the process of
students, to turn them into sustainable forming patriotic values in adolescent
beliefs. military students, it instills in them a sense
It is important to have a deeper of confidence in the future, making
understanding of the essence of forward-looking plans and aspirations.
independence, to love and be proud of the Confidence in the future nurtures in a
Motherland, to inculcate in the educational person mental endurance, the formation
process what military students should pay and manifestation of willpower, motivates
attention to in order to protect the honour him to try to get out of the situation on the
of the Motherland. From the content of the basis of logical thinking, even in complex,
sources discussed above, it is clear that the very difficult situations. In the formation of
coverage of the content, methods, forms patriotic values, national customs,
and means of the formation of beliefs and traditions and values, the ideas put
patriotic values in military students is an forward in them, serve to form the human
urgent problem in psychology. Z. psyche, in which to cultivate spiritual and
Kurbaniyazova, who conducted research moral qualities. One of the defining factors
on the formation of patriotic values in of nationality is customs, traditions and
adolescents, including military students, values. Therefore, as a representative of
along with the understanding of national the nation, the preservation and
identity, the essence of their values, puts enrichment of national traditions, customs
forward the following opinion about the and values is becoming a social and
components of this value: Understanding psychological necessity. In turn, pride in
is the beginning of all human qualities, the the fact that the ideas of national customs,
achievement of a solid unity of knowledge, traditions and values serve the
skills and abilities about the historical development of the nation, the
memory, socio-spiritual life, national development of humanity, ensures that
heritage, customs and traditions, values, adolescent military students acquire the
psyche of our people, their conscious values of faith and patriotism.
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In the organization of educational work, it example there must be an educator who
is desirable to pay attention to the training can educate and train his subordinates.
of military students in the skills of "Military personnel," said the first
preserving national traditions, customs and President of the Republic of Uzbekistan in
values, the ability to strive to enrich them. his congratulatory message to the
It is advisable to pay special attention to Defenders of the Motherland on the
introducing military students to the heroes occasion of the 21st anniversary of the
of our time, who are effective in the field of Armed Forces of the Republic of
production and creativity, and to be active Uzbekistan, "first of all, have deep
in this direction. It is necessary to create knowledge and modern thinking,
psychological and pedagogical conditions intellectual maturity." Radical
for adolescents not to put personal improvement of the system of training
interests above the interests of society, to officers, as well as highly qualified junior
fully understand their human duties to commanders-sergeants, who form the core
society and the nation, to strive to work for of our army today, should also be one of
the happiness of the people and the welfare the most important areas of the Armed
of the country. Forces Command reflecting the main
It is necessary to revive the tradition of trends in the development of the military
organizing large-scale and high-level sphere and martial arts, taking into account
interesting events promoting patriotic the foreign experience, forms and methods
ideas among students studying in the of conducting warfare in fundamentally
military. new specialties and areas of science. It is
To achieve a holistic study of the no exaggeration to say that training is the
psychological, pedagogical and most responsible aspect of the work ahead
philosophical aspects of the formation of of us. ”As in any field, there have been great
patriotic values in them, to adequately positive changes in the training of military
study the effective ways, factors and means personnel. Demand for military personnel
of organizing this process. Hence, it is is growing. Because the current officer is
important to ensure that adolescents not only a narrow-minded specialist with
acquire patriotic values and to organize the limited knowledge in a particular field, but
process as a whole, in which the targeted also a person with deep intellectual
use of each effective factor, the ability to potential, broad-minded, highly cultured
see opportunities and evaluate their and spiritual, with his own knowledge,
effectiveness. personal example it must be a capable and
As in any field, there are significant skilled educator who can educate and train
changes in the training of military his subordinates. What knowledge, skills
personnel. Demands for military officers and competencies should military listeners,
and sergeants are growing. Because the especially educators, have in military
current officer and sergeant is not only a education, what should they do, how
narrow-minded specialist with limited should they behave and what should they
knowledge in a particular field, but also a pay attention to? To a certain extent,
person with deep intellectual ability, pedagogical sciences answer these and
broad-minded, highly cultured and other similar questions. This course aims
spiritual, with his own knowledge, personal to shed light on the content of military
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pedagogical skills, its components and of love and devotion to our heritage, it is
ways of revealing and shaping their specific the product of our work, which has a
features. positive effect on each of us adequate legal
Regarding the types of military service, training is required. However, the concept
the following should be mentioned: of legal education and its explanatory
Military service is a special type of public methods have not been fully covered by
service of citizens of the Republic of our scientists so far. Legal education can
Uzbekistan in the ranks of the Armed be seen in a broad and narrow sense. In a
Forces in the performance of general broad sense, it is an education aimed at
military service. influencing the minds of the whole
The following types of military community, and in the narrow sense, it is a
service will be introduced: way of influencing the mind of an
1. conscription; individual. As a result of legal education, if
2. military service in the mobilization the general public or a person understands
reserve; the legitimacy of their actions, tries to
3. contract avoid violating the law and order, and is
4. military service; able to govern himself consciously and in
Service of reservists who have served accordance with the rule of law, the goal is
in the Armed Forces of the Republic of achieved. Thus, legal education is an
Uzbekistan for peacetime military service organized, systematic, goal-oriented
in peacetime as soldiers and sergeants, as activity that can influence an individual's
well as for service in the mobilization “group of individuals” and develop in them
reserve, the Armed Forces from eighteen to the qualities of legal awareness, legal
twenty-seven years, depending on health knowledge, and obedience to the law.
The purpose of legal education is to Of course, in order to follow the law, you
improve the legal culture of the younger must first know it. Through legal
generation, the development of legal education, it is necessary to inform
knowledge of citizens and the rule of law, everyone about what can and cannot be
obedience to the law, patriotism, humanity, done, what society and the state require of
national independence. The main goal is to them. Among the violators is the illegality
bring up in the spirit of the idea. of their actions. It is common not to
Uzbekistan is a country with a great future. understand, not to think that it is illegal,
The education of the perfect man has and not to think that such an action is not
always been one of the most topical issues. punishable. In order not to create such an
Legal education of young people plays an understanding, it is necessary to explain
important role in building the rule of law and explain that in the process of legal
and a free civil society. Legal education education in each community there is a
plays a key role in educating young people violation of the established order, non-
in the spirit of humanity, patriotism and compliance with the law, disciplinary,
the idea of national independence, as well administrative, material or criminal
as in raising their legal knowledge. In the penalties. Special attention has been paid
legal education and upbringing of young to the strengthening of education since the
people, our national traditions, customs it sixties. It should be noted that at that time,
is known that if we are able to form a spirit
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legal education is still closely linked with - have the basics of military work, the
education. necessary military knowledge and practical
The main directions of military education skills, as well as physical fitness and mental
are physical and spiritual upbringing of the and spiritual strength;
younger generation in the spirit of - will master the basics of civil protection
patriotism, preparation of young people of and medical knowledge.
pre-conscription and conscription age for Storytelling, conversation, and explanatory
state labour and defence. Military techniques are used to explore areas of the
knowledge includes mastering the required military establishment that are not related
amount, physical training, studying the to practical action, and the explanation is
military history, symbols and principles of done using posters, slides, and educational
one's homeland, forming a patriotic citizen, films. The actions of the group guard are
a loyal warrior. practically studied in a specially equipped
During military training, students should place. In order to help students
learn: consciously master the charter, it is
- to understand their constitutional rights advisable to create conditions for
and obligations, to know the Constitution independent work with the charter during
of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the defence the lessons. It is noteworthy that the
of the Motherland and its protection from program includes a new topic "The right to
armed aggression; armed conflict" in the section on the basics
- The military doctrine of the Republic of of military service. The fact is that the
Uzbekistan is focused on defence, duties of Republic of Uzbekistan acceded to the
the Armed Forces of the Republic of Geneva Conventions of 1949 and
Uzbekistan and other troops; Additional Protocols of 1977 in September
- Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On 1993. Article 19 of the Charter of the
Defence" "On General Military Obligation Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the
and Military Service", Resolution of the Republic of Uzbekistan stipulates that
Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of every serviceman must know and follow
Uzbekistan "On the organization of service the international rules of treatment of non-
of citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan". military population in the places of
To study the main provisions of the hostilities, as well as the military age. As
Resolution "On military registration and noted in the preamble, this means that
expulsion of citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan recognizes the "supremacy of
Uzbekistan, criminal and administrative universally recognized rules of
liability for war crimes and refusal to serve international law." The inclusion of the
in the military": four-hour topic "Law of Armed Conflict" in
- Study and understand the basic the curriculum of military law for young
requirements of the Charter of the Armed people is one of the manifestations of the
Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan and Republic of Uzbekistan's responsible
the military oath; approach to the implementation of
- Familiarity with the weapons and international agreements. In connection
military equipment of the military unit, the with the introduction of the four-hour
understanding and location of personnel; theme "Law of Armed Conflict" in the
Republic of Uzbekistan - Undergraduate
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students studying in the field of military convinced that this is sufficient for
education and the current military leader pedagogical activity.
(Military Vocational Education Law) There It is believed that among this part of the
is a need to increase the knowledge and teachers, it is sufficient to know the subject
skills of teachers on the topic of "The right of specialization for the teaching activity.
to armed conflict" and to further improve In many ways, the formation of these
their methodological skills. military teachers is mainly related to
Currently, the subject of "Law of Armed working on the content of the subject being
Conflict" is taught in accordance with the taught (supplementing knowledge about it,
approved curriculum for undergraduate including them in a lecture course, etc). The
students studying in the field of formation of a teacher is, as a rule, based
compulsory military education, based on on the personal, personal experience of
the curriculum, the text of lectures have teaching 10-15 years or even 20 years ago:
been developed. Perspective plans have "I teach as I teach." The model of
been developed to further improve and reproductive-communicative education is
develop the teaching of the subject of "Law repeated, which is based on informing the
of Armed Conflict". At the same time, at the cadets about the “knowledge” completed
current stage of reforming the military outside the preparatory activity. The
education system, the requirements for the trainee is obliged to receive the contact
professional level of military teachers are information, then memorize it, and then, as
growing. the role of personal a rule, repeat it orally. The results of such
responsibility for outcomes is growing. A teaching are well known: a negative
teacher-practitioner-psychologist should attitude towards mastering the theory of
replace a science teacher who knows his teaching has a negative impact on the
subject well, knows the cadet’s personality process of teacher training and the quality
well and knows how to manage himself, of teaching.
develop and educate students. At the beginning of the training, the
This can be achieved not only by a teacher facilitator noted that the Law of the
who has no knowledge of the subject being Republic of Uzbekistan "On Defence" was
taught, but also by a teacher who is able to adopted on July 3, 1992, and in May 2001,
apply psychological and pedagogical laws amendments and additions were made to
in practice to master them. At the same it. It announces that the edition has been
time, in traditional military universities, approved. It then provides information on
fundamental scientific training is the content of the law. The second article
conducted by specialists who know their of the law states that the defence of the
job well, but are not ready for pedagogical Republic of Uzbekistan is a set of political,
activity. Many, and not just elementary economic, military, social and legal
teachers, were ready to address seemingly measures aimed at protecting the state
simple issues of pedagogical activity. Most sovereignty, territorial integrity, views of
of them are committed to the template, the the republic and the peaceful life of the
monotonous methods of teaching, are population. The main principles of state
limited by some practical skills that allow policy in the field of defence are as follows;
them to conduct lessons, and are fully except for the cases of non-use of military
force against another state, prevention and
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repulsion of aggression, as well as teaching and, most importantly, on the
assistance of the Republic of Uzbekistan to training of highly qualified defenders in
the states bound by the relevant treaties; Uzbekistan. Criteria for selection of
participation in collective security systems teachers in military and special subjects
in accordance with international law; non- have not been developed. The personnel
participation in military-political blocs; the policy established at the beginning of the
similarity of military construction to the Soviet era limited the professional
nature of modern wars and armaments; selection and training of teachers for
denial of production, processing, military schools. However, the university
acquisition, distribution and deployment of did not have special educational
nuclear and other types of weapons of institutions to train officers for pedagogical
mass destruction; adequacy of defence; activities forcing the departments to
ensuring that military service is organize their own training sessions, which
honourable. While explaining the articles are usually organized in studying the
and principles of the Law of the Republic of content of the subjects taught. The efforts
Uzbekistan "On Defence" to the students, it of individual pedagogical teams of
is important that the facilitator gives real- departments aimed at ensuring the process
life examples of the application of the link. of professional formation of teachers of
After explaining the content of the lesson, higher military educational institutions are
the facilitator is encouraged to invite the often not provided from an eclectic,
students for an interview, ask questions inconsistent and optimistic point of view.
and increase their activity. Beginner teachers learn teaching methods
Introduce students to the general by observing the work of more experienced
responsibilities of military personnel, colleagues. Obviously, not all departments
giving them an understanding of are able to prepare teachers at a high level
commanders and subordinates, adults and for continuous complex training at the
juniors, familiarization with the rights and university. As a result of insufficient
responsibilities of direct and indirect approach to the organization of the
managers. They develop the skills to pedagogical process aimed at solving the
comply with the requirements of the problem of training and development of
statute. The analysis shows that in recent teachers, as a result of inconsistencies in
years, ideas about the essence of the the efforts of pedagogical teams of
professional and pedagogical culture of a departments to form pedagogical skills,
military teacher have become a universal teachers of military universities do not
feature and a professional feature in the always succeed. they are In the last few
encyclopedia. In this context, the problem years, there has been a declining trend in
of improving the professional and the level of pedagogical skills of even
pedagogical skills of a military teacher is university teachers.
not only an objective social need, but also a Military service is a special federal service
subjective need to improve the of citizens in the Armed Forces aimed at
professional skills of a military teacher. protecting the homeland from aggression.
The teacher selection system is obscure The legal framework of military service is
and steeped in outdated stereotypes that based on the Constitution of Uzbekistan,
have a serious impact on the quality of the laws "On Defence", "On Military Service
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and Military Service", "On the Status of students' learning activities. Traditional
Military Servicemen", military regulations methods of practical training in the "story-
and other laws of Uzbekistan determined demonstration-practice" scheme do not
by law. A law is a normative document that ensure that all the basic psychological
regulates the most important social conditions based on highly effective
relations, adopted by the supreme body of methods of training students are met.
state power or at the direct request of the Practice shows that in addition to
population (for example, through a improving the quality and effectiveness of
referendum) in the manner prescribed by student preparation, the introduction of
the Constitution of Uzbekistan. Law and new methods in the learning process, a
order is a society that arises as a result of deeper educational impact on students also
the implementation of various social norms ensures the effective preparation of
that regulate various spheres of public life students. An important aspect of
and are characterized by characteristic and improving the educational process is to
inappropriate ways of influencing people's bring the theoretical principles of military
behaviour (customs, moral norms, etc.). work as close as possible to the practical
Wars and armed conflicts involve many activities of the army. Therefore, it is
people who need to be managed and a necessary to create conditions in the
variety of logistical tools are used that must educational process that correspond to the
be used as effectively as possible. The only real combat environment.
way to unite these people in accordance Further reforms in the country have led to
with the requirement of armed struggle is significant changes in the Armed Forces of
to establish a certain order, a rule of their the Republic. For example, the new version
conduct. The primacy of military law of the Law on General Conscription and
contributes to the unification of the Military Service was adopted on December
military community, strengthening the 12, 2002. According to it, the law consists
moral and spiritual condition of the of compulsory military training of citizens
personnel. Any serviceman, his or her for the defence of the Republic of
colleagues engaged in other activities, must Uzbekistan and is introduced in order to
be sure that each of them is in his place, replenish the Armed Forces of the Republic
working with him in a strictly prescribed of Uzbekistan and ensure their reserve. The
manner. general military obligation is to prepare
A military leader, the legal task of military citizens for military service, conscription
vocational education is not only to provide (entry). ), conscription or contract military
students with the necessary amount of service, reserve service, alternative service,
knowledge or acquire certain practical observance of military registration rules,
skills, but also to protect their homeland measures to protect the population in case
from aggressors with an inner confidence of emergency or aggression against the
and responsibility to develop their Republic of Uzbekistan. The rights of a
military-professional knowledge. is also to serviceman and the procedure for their use
feed them to perfection. To this end, it is shall be established by the legislation of the
necessary to use guidelines for the effective Republic of Uzbekistan. No one has the
use of more advanced teaching methods right to restrict the rights of a serviceman
based on the active rejuvenation of guaranteed by the Constitution and laws of
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the Republic of Uzbekistan. The use of the the Armed Forces, its military unit, the
rights of servicemen must not infringe on prestige of its military rank, to remain
the rights and legitimate interests of faithful to the military oath, to selflessly
society, the state, military service, the serve the people. to defend the state
rights of other servicemen and various independence and territorial integrity of
citizens. The state guarantees social and the Republic of Uzbekistan with courage,
legal protection of servicemen, creating skill, until the last drop of blood, even
adequate and decent living standards, without sacrificing his life, to perform
improving service and living conditions. military duty; to comply with the
will take measures to Ensuring and requirements of the Constitution of the
protecting the rights of servicemen is the country, military regulations; To endure
responsibility of state authorities and local the hardships of military service related to
self-government bodies, courts, military the defence of the Republic of Uzbekistan;
administrations and commanders (chiefs) to acquire regular military professional
of law enforcement agencies. In particular, knowledge, to improve their military
conscription in the Armed Forces of the training skills; knowledge of the weapons
Republic of Uzbekistan, The Constitution of and military equipment entrusted to him,
the Republic of Uzbekistan and other laws keeping them in constant readiness for use,
and military regulations provide full protection of military property; to be
benefits. Soldiers-sailors, sergeants- honest, disciplined, courageous, to show
sergeants, officers serving in the Armed reasonable initiative in the performance of
Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan enjoy military duty; unconditional obedience to
the right to participate in the parliament, commanders (chiefs) and their protection
local elections, referendums and other in battle, guarding the battle flag of a
issues. military unit; to observe the rules of
A serviceman is a person who performs military etiquette and to perform military
active military service. He is a defender of salutes, to dress modestly and neatly, to
the Motherland, the independent Republic show patriotism, to appreciate the
of Uzbekistan. In the Armed Forces of the international friendship of peoples, and to
Republic of Uzbekistan, servicemen are strengthen the brotherhood between
divided into soldiers and sailors, sergeants nations and provinces.
and officers (junior, senior, senior). A In short, the most important thing is
serviceman has personal responsibility in that in the minds of our people there have
the process of defending his homeland. been great changes in the education
Servicemen of the Armed Forces of the system, and the desire and interest in
Republic of Uzbekistan shall comply with education among our youth is growing.
the requirements of the law, military Today, our talented young people are
regulations and shall not be involved in the mastering complex technologies in the
activities of other public organizations and new, most modern industries of our
associations pursuing political goals. country, achieving great achievements in
The serviceman has the following: science, culture and sports. This is the
To honourably justify the high title of result of the fact that the head of our state
"Defender" of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and government have kept pace with the
to honour the honour and combat glory of times, paid special attention to the
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education system and paid special fact, by the level of development of the
attention to the process of large-scale education system, the conditions created
education reforms. After all, the present for the upbringing of the younger
and future of any country is determined, in generation.
References:
1. General Military Regulations of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan . T.:
Uzbekistan. 1996.
2. G.M. Tansiqboyeva- “International humanitarian law”. 2000.
3. F.A. Abdullayev, E.X. Rasulev, A.R. Rakhmonov-“The right to armed conflict. Adolat. 2001.
4. O’.Hakimov. “International humanitarian law”. Study guide.Gafur Gulam Publishing
House of Literature and Art. 2001.
5. I.K. Abdukarimov. “I will be a general”. Cholpon, 2001.
6. “Homeland Defence is a sacred duty”. «Uzbekistan», 2001.
7. General military regulations of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
8. Regulations on the procedure for military service of citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Tashkent . 2006.
9. Ataboeva Zulfiya-Patriotic values in teenagers social psychological characteristics of
formation. Andijan – 2014.
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