SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL SHAPING OUR FUTURE
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SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL SHAPING OUR FUTURE
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL: SHAPING OUR FUTURE
This document provides an overview of the benefits and opportunities
that light rail could provide in shaping the future of the Sunshine Coast.
It has been prepared as part of the light rail feasibility study
being undertaken by Sunshine Coast Council in funding
partnership with the Commonwealth Government.
PREPARED BY
FOR
Front cover image: Sunshine Coast Light Rail Transit Village
Imagery by HASSELL
Disclaimer
While every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of this data, the
Sunshine Coast Regional Council (SCC) makes no representations or
warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness and suitability
for any particular purpose. This document has been prepared by
HASSELL for the SCC. SCC disclaims all responsibility and all liability
(including without limitation, liability in negligence) for all expenses,
losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and
costs which you might incur as a result of the SCC data being inac-
curate or incomplete in any way for any reason. © SCC 2014.
* PROJECT OVERVIEW 1 PROTECTING OUR NATURAL ADVANTAGE 2 LIGHT RAIL: A NEW WAY TO MOVE 3 SHAPING THE SUNSHINE COAST 4 NEXT STEPS
*
Light rail provides far more
to communities than simply
a new way to move around.
CONNECTING
COMMUNITIES
PRESERVING
OUR NATURAL MORE
ENVIRONMENT LIFESTYLE
OPTIONS
PROJECT
ACTIVATING
OUR STREETS
ACTIVE
AND CIVIC
AND HEALTHY
SPACES
LIVING
OVERVIEW MORE
EFFICIENT
TRANSIT
BOOSTING
THE ECONOMY
The Sunshine Coast Light rail is recognised If we plan now and We want to hear what
Light Rail project is as a mode of transport identify a preferred the community thinks
being undertaken as part that has many benefits corridor, we can preserve about Light Rail, and
of Council’s efforts to beyond its role as a the ability to implement where it should go on the
plan for the future of the transportation service light rail in the future Sunshine Coast
Sunshine Coast
The Sunshine Coast is expected Light rail has been identified The focus of Council’s current This document presents
to experience considerable as a transport option that has studies is to understand the an overview of feasibility
population growth in the coming the potential to benefit our local feasibility of a light rail system investigations that were
decades. In considering where economy, our environment and the potential costs and undertaken during 2013.
and how we accommodate and, importantly, our future benefits associated with its It addresses a range of issues
this future growth we also lifestyle. Worldwide, light rail implementation. Key questions relevant to the case for light
need to carefully consider is recognised as a mode of being considered include: rail on the Sunshine Coast.
how we will move around. transport that provides far more What would be the benefits
to communities than simply Council is interested in
Decisions regarding transport of a light rail system for obtaining community
choices for the Sunshine Coast a way of moving around. the Sunshine Coast? feedback on the project.
will not only influence our local It is the range of potential Where would the light
economy, but will shape how the benefits that is of particular rail system go?
Sunshine Coast grows and will interest to Council in planning for
influence our future lifestyle. the future of the Sunshine Coast. How much would the
project cost and how
would it be funded?
How could the project
be delivered?
Importantly, we know how
traffic congestion and parking
needs will affect our future
lifestyle if we don’t act.
SIPPY DOWNS
THE PROPOSED CORRIDOR
A LOGICAL CORRIDOR FOR
PUBLIC TRANSPORT MA
MO RO
A north-south public transport link between OL OC
HY
OO DO
Maroochydore and Caloundra would efficiently CU
RR
KA
WA BU LA
BA RE
CA IM NA DD
connect many of the activity clusters on LO
UN
UN IN
A
DI
the Sunshine Coast and maximise the DR
A
number of people living within easy walking
distance of a future light rail route.
MAJOR CENTRE
PRINCIPAL
CENTRE
A COASTLINE OF VILLAGES
Key clusters of destinations and community
facilities throughout the corridor highlight
opportunities to reinforce the historic
structure of the Sunshine Coast.
MA
JO
LO MA R
CA JO LO CE
NT
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION MA
JO
R
LC
EN
TR
R
CE
NT
CA
LC
EN
RE
CE E RE TR
Census data highlights that population is NT
RE
E
concentrated in established centres and along
the coast in older areas such as Caloundra, SIPPY DOWNS
Maroochydore and Mooloolaba. The coastal
zone also contains major infill development
sites including Maroochydore City Centre,
Kawana Town Centre, the Health and
Knowledge Precinct and Bokarina Beach.
MA
MO RO
OL OC
OO HY
CU KA LA DO
RR WA BU BA RE
CA IM NA DD
LO UN IN
UN DI A
DR
A
Modern light rail
systems are ideal for
established urban
areas and can boost
accessibility while
reducing traffic and the
need for large areas of
car parking.
LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE OPERATING IN PEDESTRIAN MALL
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURE 5
Light rail on the Sunshine Coast?
The ability of the Sunshine most pronounced in established opportunity and eroding ‘critical
More people Coast to effectively manage urban and coastal centres mass’ and activity in the heart
and more jobs growth and maintain its quality
of life will in part depend upon
where ongoing growth will result
in increased traffic levels.
of established centres.
The long term impact
will mean more the establishment of a more
sustainable movement network.
Congestion will result in of a ‘business as usual’
increasingly larger amounts of approach could undermine
transport activity. As the area grows from now to time spent in traffic rather than the attractiveness of our
2031, it is anticipated to approach doing the things people love to communities, and compromise
We must invest in a population of 424,000 – the do. Beyond the individual cost the very qualities that make
equivalent of over 51% growth. in time lost to travel, congestion the Sunshine Coast such a
a transport system By far the greatest proportion of will make getting to and from great place to live and visit.
established centres increasingly
that can build on new residents and jobs will be
located in the area bound by the difficult and could compromise Greater transport choice
the attractiveness Maroochy River, Bells Creek and the competitiveness of these
important areas in the future.
A modern, easy to understand
public transport system offers
the Bruce Highway. We have the
and liveability we opportunity to make this a great
Will a ‘business as usual’
a key opportunity to relieve
pressure on the road network
place to live, work and visit - but
have now rather to do this we have to redesign approach suffice? and provide an alternative way
our transport system so people A ‘business as usual’ approach to move around. While involving
than just doing have more transport choices. could keep pace with growing early investment, light rail is
traffic with readily budgeted, recognised as one of the most
more of the same. The implications of growth incremental investment in efficient and sustainable modes
The daily number of journeys the road network to address of transport that unlocks a new
around the Sunshine Coast is bottlenecks and keep the traffic range of opportunities for the
projected to increase by 60% moving. This could involve Sunshine Coast to evolve and
by 2031. Without light rail or building wider roads and bridges grow; preserving urban quality,
a similar investment in public and opening up new routes freedom of movement and
transport, the north-south into established centres. More facilitating a more engaging
road network will need to expansive areas of car parking lifestyle for residents and visitors.
accommodate more than would be needed close to key
double the existing traffic destinations to support access,
volume. If we do nothing, potentially sterilising development
increased congestion will be
The 2012 ‘Line in the
Sand’ prefeasibility
study recognised the
important role light rail
could play in shaping
the future of the
Sunshine Coast.
It recommended further
detailed study to proof
up possible route
options and community
benefits.
Illustrative concept from the 2012
‘Line in the Sand’ report showing
Mooloolaba foreshore with light rail
CALOUNDRA
+107%
INCREASE IN LOCAL TRIPS
KAWANA
*
A ‘business as usual’ approach
to transport will have
implications for liveability.
+1,255% MOOLOOLABA
+30%
INCREASE IN LOCAL TRIPS
INCREASE IN LOCAL TRIPS
+104%
MAROOCHYDORE
+96% INCREASE IN LOCAL TRIPS
Increase in trips on key
north-south routes
+51% Population growth
for the Sunshine Coast
(from 280,000 in 2013)
CALOUNDRA
CURRIMUNDI
424,000Population (2031)
KAWANA
MOOLOOLABA
MAROOCHYDORE
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURE 7
1
PROTECTING
OUR NATURAL
ADVANTAGE
The worlds 10 most liveable cites
Ranked by The Economist Intelligence Unit in 2014
2.
1.
VIENNA
MELBOURNE 3.
VANCOUVER 4.
5. TORONTO
ADELAIDE
6.
7. CALGARY
8. SYDNEY
9.
HELSINKI
PERTH
10.
AUCKLAND
Each year
between 100,000
and 200,000
Melbournians leave
the most liveable
city on the planet to
visit the Sunshine
Coast region
(Source: Tourism and Events Queensland, 2013)
... we need to protect the
places we love and live.
Australia has the greatest concentration of the Sunshine Coast Community Values
most liveable cities on the planet and the Sunshine Protecting the lifestyle and natural setting is a key interest
Coast is recognised as one of its most liveable. for our community of communities. A number of ‘big
issues’ for the future of the Sunshine Coast include:
The Sunshine Coast’s natural setting and quality of life
are distinctive features that have attracted people over Ensuring health and wellbeing
the last century. The last fifty years has seen particular Managing population growth
growth and the emergence of the Sunshine Coast as Providing essential services and infrastructure
Australia’s tenth largest population centre. In the coming
decades growth is expected to continue to cement the Improving and better coordinating public transport
Sunshine Coast as a nationally significant region. Diversifying the economy and creating
Particular attention will be needed to protect natural assets employment opportunities
and ensure we continue to foster a friendly and engaging Maintaining a vibrant lifestyle
lifestyle that can attract and retain new businesses,
attract young adults and broaden the tourism market. The Enhancing the natural environment and its biodiversity
movement network will define how easy it is to get around Protecting waterways and coastal foreshores
and experience our range of destinations and communities.
96%
of residents can’t think
of a better place to live
23°
average daytime temperature
throughout the year
7hrs
average sunshine
per day
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURE 9
Priorities for the future
The Sunshine Coast is recognised We can learn from the
experience of other growing
1 Lifestyle
Preserve character and
enhance quality of life
as one of Australia’s ‘lifestyle cities and shape the Sunshine
Coast so it becomes anything The clean, green setting of the
Sunshine Coast and its relaxed
capitals’ and, with ongoing growth, but a conventional medium
sized city. We can harness the coastal lifestyle are distinctive
features that have attracted
expected growth to build on
is emerging as a medium sized city the historic village structure people to the area for the last
century. These features remain
of the coast to protect and
in its own right. enhance our way of living. some of the region’s most
valuable assets and require
Light rail offers a critical protection in order to maintain
opportunity to redefine the quality of life for the existing
Five strategic drivers have been movement network on the
Sunshine Coast to protect the
population and to underpin
sustainable growth in the future.
identified to help guide the future region’s enviable lifestyle and
secure a more people friendly
of the Sunshine Coast and its and prosperous future.
transport network.
››Lifestyle
››Jobs
››Mobility
››Diversity
››Affordability*
Light rail can make the
Sunshine Coast a better
place to live, work and visit.
2 Jobs
Diversify the economy
3 Mobility
Manage congestion and
4 Diversity
A place for all ages
5 Affordability
Cost of living
The amenity and lifestyle offer of sustainable transport The age profile of the Sunshine The Sunshine Coast was identified
the Sunshine Coast has driven Existing travel patterns on the Coast highlights a large gap in as one of the less ‘affordable’
strong property, tourism and Sunshine Coast demonstrate the number of people between places to live in a Seven Nation
service sectors with a range a heavy reliance on the private school leaving age and their mid study (Demographia International
of employment opportunities car. While alternative modes thirties. To reverse the flow of Housing Affordability Survey,
and a very high level of local are available, limited provision this key demographic, particular 2013). The cost of housing was
employment containment. Key for walking and cycling, and attention will be needed to build the largest single factor, but
opportunities exist to broaden the lower frequency public transport employment opportunities and expenses including the cost of
economic base of the Sunshine services make journeys by diversify the lifestyle offer of transport were influential. As
Coast and to boost the region’s car the dominant mode of the Sunshine Coast, including most households own two or
appeal and prosperity, including travel. With road congestion a greater variety of urban and more cars for their travel needs,
a stronger commercial sector rising, public transport offers a cultural activities and a stronger many people underestimate the
and health and knowledge critical opportunity to broaden evening and night time economy. cost of travel which, over a year,
related activities associated the range of travel options can add up to be more than
with the new Sunshine and boost the capacity of the the cost of renting a typical two
Coast University Hospital. region’s movement network. bedroom unit on the coast.
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURE 11CALOUNDRA MOOLOOLABA
1900 1923 CURRIMUNDI
1950
MAROOCHY SANDS
1969
BULCOCK ESTATE POINT CARTWRIGHT
VARIOUS SOURCES
1917 1973
First inhabitants 1864: First land sale: 330 acres 1880s 1900s-20s
The 1820s saw the arrival sold to William Pettigrew Fertile inland soils allowed 1903: Maroochydore area
of the first white inhabitants to keep bullocks for use a diverse farming and dairy purchased by Thomas
(three castaways who shared in the timber industry industry to prosper O’Connor for subdivision
the life of the Kabi Kabi Cedar shipped as far as Europe 1884: Pettigrew transferred his 1908: First land sale held
Aborigines for eight months) timber industry to Maroochydore and Maroochydore developed
Creeks and rivers used
Settlement of numerous to float timber to port Caloundra developed its as a seaside resort
escaped convicts from Moreton reputation as a seaside resort 1912: First hotel opened
Bay penal colony in Brisbane Timber ports and jetties sprang
up to become many of the 1885: First hotel built in Maroochydore
from 1830s to 1840s
Sunshine Coast’s towns on Shelly Beach 1915: Agricultural land at Potts
1840s Snigging (timber hauling) Point subdivided and sold
1842: Maroochydore named tracks became many of 1890s as oceanfront allotments
by Andrew Petrie the region’s first roads Diverse small farming (fruit 1917: Boat and tram service
1864: Timber depot and wharf and dairy) replaced the operated to Nambour
Bunya Proclamation proposed cattle-and-timber economy
by Governor George Gipps founded at Mooloolaba by By 1919: Mooloolah Heads
of earlier decades
preventing settlement, ranching William Pettigrew, dominating industry included fishing
and forestry in Bunya country the timber industry 1891: North Coast Railway and fruit growing
(much of the Maroochy district) 1867: Gympie Gold Rush opened, running via Nambour,
land release in Caloundra Private motor cars gained
stimulated traffic between popularity, making previously
1850s-70s Brisbane and the North Yandina river transport isolated fringe areas accessible
Early 1850s: Timber and cattle Coast along Gympie Road begins to decline
exploitation in the area 1870 to 1884: Mooloolah Thriving railway towns
1860: Bunya Bunya Heads became the gateway emerged at Beerwah,
Reserve discontinued to the Maroochy District Landsborough, Woombye
1862: Caloundra settled by and Yandina, becoming coach
European sheep farmers stops along Gympie Road
12 SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTUREA half century of growth
MOFFAT
1981 has seen rapid changes
on the Sunshine Coast
The shape and identity of the
Sunshine Coast still reflects its
MAROOCHYDORE
1985 heritage as a network of coastal and
hinterland townships.
Now one of Australia’s largest
population centres, the rate of change
has accelerated, highlighting the
need for effective planning to position
the coast for a better future.
CALOUNDRA
2008
1920s 1940s-50s 1960s-70s 1980s-90s
Alexandra Headland developed Post war tourism saw the Rapid car-based access Decline in wholesale prices
as seaside cottages Sunshine Coast grow into drove a development boom, put sugar cane and pineapple
Caloundra became a favoured holiday and further expanding the farms under pressure
more accessible with a surfing destination Sunshine Coast’s popularity Increased demand for industry
road connection from Townships like Mooloolaba Larger canal estates developed and housing land convinced
Landsborough station offered Brisbanites at Mooloolah River mouth many farmers to sell
1921: First sale of allotments affordable seaside blocks Beachfront high-rise holiday Rapid population growth
in Mooloolaba All three Sunshine Coast towns apartments developed occurred throughout
1923 – 28: First fully integrated become more accessible by Sunshine Coast began attracting the Sunshine Coast
resort complex built at motor car from railway stations alternative lifestyle seekers Increased residential
Alexandra Headlands 1959: Breakthrough construction Craft industries, co-operatives development in the region
Coastal roads and transport of the coastal road from and spiritual centres replaced farming
services upgraded as the area Maroochydore to Noosa developed in the hinterland Retail, catering and tourism
becomes a premier residential 1972: The Bruce Highway gained increasing importance
and holiday destination was completed, supporting 1990: Duplication of the Bruce
Holiday cottages and houses suburban expansion Highway (bypass) road was
along the Mooloolah river and Urbanisation gathered pace driven by rapid urbanisation
spit with boat hire and fishing
21st century
Farming threatened along the
central strip of the coast
Expansion of industrial
sites, housing estates and
warehousing estates
Closure of the Moreton
Sugar Mill
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURE 13Population growth Regional planning
The Sunshine Coast is one The current South East
of Queensland’s most rapidly Queensland Regional Plan
changing regions, and is now 2009-2031 (SEQRP) establishes
recognised as the 10th largest dwelling targets for local
population centre in Australia. government areas throughout
Over the period from 2013 to South East Queensland to
manage growth pressure
A critical objective for the 2031, the Sunshine Coast is
expected to accommodate an across the region. The amount
of development expected to
additional 144,000 people with
Sunshine Coast is to manage the population expected to reach occur on the Sunshine Coast
is equivalent to 66,400 new
424,000 by 2031, reflecting an
growth in a way that protects increase of approximately 51%. dwellings through to 2031.
The SEQRP also establishes
local character and lifestyle dwelling targets for infill
and greenfield development.
while building a more robust The plan’s target is for 37%
of future growth to occur
economy and sustainable in existing urban areas.
+
transport network.
Future population growth
51%
Current New
residents : residents :
280,000 144,000
in 2013 by 2031
(Total = 424,000)
14 SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURELeveraging lifestyle to cities in the 2009 Global Power Light rail could also support a
boost competitiveness City Index, due in part to low more compact urban growth
In the emerging global scores in accessibility indicators. pattern, reducing pressure on
economy, a growing proportion Light rail, or a comparable the region’s natural environment
of productivity is determined investment in the transport and rural lands, and providing
by the workforce and talent network, will be needed for opportunities for defined urban
a city is able to attract and the Sunshine Coast to manage villages at key stations. This
retain. The competitiveness growing congestion and network of urban villages would
and economic performance of maintain the functionality of the present an alternative lifestyle
our urban centres relies more movement network. Without offer to boost the region’s appeal
than ever on their attractiveness this, the Sunshine Coast may to a wider demographic.
and liveability. Accessibility is struggle to attract the quality
consistently identified as a key of people required to underpin
factor determining attractiveness the growth of target industries.
and liveability. For example,
recent survey results indicate
that Sydney has slipped in
comparison to 34 other world
New
dwellings :
66,400 URBAN INFILL DEVELOPMENT
Maroochydore
Caloundra
Sippy Downs
Kawana
Nambour
40%
Where ?
Beerwah
Birtinya
60%
NEW COMMUNITIES
Caloundra South
Palmview
Peregian Springs
by 2031
Source: OESR Projected dwellings (a) (medium series), by
local government area, Queensland, 2013 to 2036
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURE 15Managing population growth
and building the economy
CALOUNDRA
REINFORCE ROLE AS A LOCAL LIFESTYLE
AND TOURISM DESTINATION
EASTERN BEACHES
CHARACTER AND IDENTITY PROTECTED
BOKARINA BEACH
MAJOR URBAN INFILL SITE TO ACCOMMODATE GROWTH
SUNSHINE COAST HEALTH & KNOWLEDGE PRECINCT
6,000 HEALTH AND KNOWLEDGE JOBS
KAWANA TOWN CENTRE
ONGOING EXPANSION AS A MAJOR
REGIONAL ACTIVITY CENTRE
MOOLOOLABA
REINFORCE ROLE AS A
TOURISM DESTINATION AND
URBAN LIVING PRECINCT
Strategic initiatives such as the
Maroochydore City Centre development
and Sunshine Coast Health and
Knowledge Precinct are part of a wider
strategy to create 100,000 new high
value job opportunities on the Sunshine
Coast by 2033.
Improved transport links will be
essential in reaching this target and
making sure people can move easily
between existing centres and new
specialist employment hubs.
Future growth could take advantage
of currently undeveloped land around
the new hubs and help manage travel
demand and development pressure in
established residential areas.Sunshine Coast Council (SCC) has Growing the region’s economy Major projects and investment
developed a range of planning and Positioning the Sunshine Coast to Large scale investment in regional
policy initiatives to manage the strengthen its regional economy is infrastructure is needed to support
impacts of growth and harness a critical planning and economic growth and competitiveness. A number
economic opportunities. The development objective. The existing of catalyst projects have been identified
introduction of a light rail system economic base for the region has four for implementation including:
would support the aspirations main sectors of activity, including health,
of these plans by providing a Sunshine Coast University Hospital
tourism, construction and retail. The and Health and Medical Precinct
sustainable and efficient public period from 2007 to 2013 has revealed
transport option that would the vulnerability of the Sunshine Coast Sunshine Coast Airport expansion
create a new way to move and economy and its reliance on population
strengthen established centres. Maroochydore City Centre development
and visitor-driven industries.
University of the Sunshine
Sunshine Coast Planning Scheme The Sunshine Coast Regional Economic Coast expansion
Council has prepared the Sunshine Development Strategy 2013-2033 aims
to build a more resilient economic base Bruce Highway upgrades
Coast Planning Scheme to manage
and guide future development. and develop a prosperous, high value Sunshine Coast Light Rail
economy. It is intended to strengthen and
The plan sets a fundamental objective extend traditional industries while enabling These projects will have a transformative
to protect the character and natural the region to be an active participant effect on business, employment and
amenity of the region, while harnessing in the global economic community. investment growth to support industry
growth to pursue higher quality expansion and meet future population
urban development, a stronger local It also aims to grow alternative, needs. These projects aim to leverage
economy and more sustainable, high-value employment opportunities the Sunshine Coast’s natural assets for a
transit orientated development. for young people seeking work more competitive and prosperous future.
outside the traditional industries.
ALEXANDRA HEADLAND
CHARACTER AND IDENTITY PROTECTED,
SUPPORTING APPROPRIATE NEW DEVELOPMENT
MAROOCHYDORE CITY CENTRE
A DRAMATIC INCREASE IN NEW JOBS AND
NEW URBAN RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY
Artists impression showing one possible scenario for future growth between Caloundra and Maroochydore
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURE 17Sunshine Coast
travel patterns Local containment compared
Data source: 2011 Census
When compared with other locations Future planning needs to reinforce
in South East Queensland, the the need for local transport 87.0%
Sunshine Coast stands out as a place It will be important to align the
with high levels of local employment. Sunshine Coast’s transport
Of journey to work trips, around 50% network with sustainable planning
are less than 10km and around 87% 87.0%
initiatives and the regions economic
of people do not leave the area. development strategy.
These travel patterns are highly Improvements to the local transport
desirable, and mean that people spend Sunshine Coast 2011
network between Maroochydore
less time and money on transport and Caloundra will emerge as a Locally employed 87%
and can finish their work day sooner. key priority to align with future
The future transport network should planning, sustainable infill growth
aim to continue this trend and and catalytic city shaping projects
preserve the lifestyle people value underway in these areas.
and protect the time to enjoy it.
54.0%
Future travel patterns indicate a much stronger need for
travel within the Sunshine Coast rather than travel to
locations outside the Sunshine Coast.
Moreton Bay Region 2011
Locally employed 54%
13%
only
work outside the
LOCAL
TRIPS
87%
work on the
53.0%
Sunshine Coast Sunshine Coast
Redland City 2011
Locally employed 53%*
We need to invest in local
transport options to promote
convenient access to key
destinations and emerging
employment centres
Projected travel patterns (2031)
All trips Journey to work trips Distinctive work travel zones
MAROOCHYDORE MAROOCHYDORE
MOOLOOLABA MOOLOOLABA
KAWANA KAWANA
CALOUNDRA CALOUNDRA
Future travel patterns Work trips Implications for future planning
Daily travel ‘desire lines’ based on A review of journey to work trips shows The concentration of movements
transport modelling for the year 2031 a strong concentration of movements to and from key centres highlights
demonstrate strong radial travel to and from Maroochydore and certain challenges for maintaining
patterns around the key activity centres Kawana. This reflects the planned accessibility, such as the provision
of Caloundra, Maroochydore, Kawana development of the Maroochydore of adequate car parking and
and to a lesser extent Mooloolaba. City Centre and the emerging health managing congestion in centres -
The analysis shows that the majority and knowledge precinct at Kawana. particularly during peak times.
of trips are short in length, with only a Both will become major employment Congestion will be most pronounced
limited number of journeys from one centres and underpin the economic over a two hour morning peak when
end of the coast to the other. It also development of the Sunshine Coast. work trips coincide with school
illustrates the low proportion of trips trips. The analysis highlights an
to places outside the Sunshine Coast. axis between Maroochydore and
Kawana where the greatest number
of trips will occur. This zone has been
identified as a key area for future
transport investment to help manage
congestion and maintain accessibility.
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURE 19Growing investment
in the transport network
Sustaining the road network to keep
pace with growth will require increasing
investment in the coming years.
Just building more roads won’t protect
our lifestyle. We need to reshape our
future investment to include high
quality public transport.
1967 NICKLIN WAY (+2)
1934 OLD BRUCE HWY (+2)
1868 GYMPIE ROAD (+2)
25,000
5,000 POPULATION GROWTH
1900 1920 1940 1960Population growth together
with the rise of car based travel
since the 1950’s has required
continual expansion of the
Sunshine Coast’s road network.
expansion of the road network
has generally followed population
growth, with the frequency of
investment increasing over time.
Looking to the future, current
*
In the long term the
actual cost of light rail
is likely to be less than
The land use and transport planning indicates that another an incremental
network has concentrated 10-12 north south lanes will
journeys on key north-south be needed over the next 15-20 approach to expanding
vehicle routes between
Maroochydore and Caloundra.
years. This anticipated expansion
of the road network represents
the road network.
A limited number of east-west a number of large investments
connections also contributes to that will need to be made as our
localised congestion, particularly population continues to grow.
around established centres. A significant investment in public
With lower frequency public transport provides the opportunity
transport services and limited to avoid or delay other major
provision for walking and investments in the road network,
cycling on many routes, car while proving broader community
based travel has become the and economic benefits.
most convenient way to move
around the Sunshine Coast.
Analysis of the number of major PRESENT DAY
north-south roads crossing the
Mooloolah River shows that 14 LANES SUPPORTING 2014
NORTH SOUTH TRAVEL
00
50
0,0 25
S
NT
2008 NICKLIN WAY NORTH (+2) ES
TM
E
NV
TI
2004 KAWANA WAY (+2) POR
S 00
RAN
40
0,0 20
ET
1995 NICKLIN WAY (+2) TUR
FU
NUMBER OF LANES (TREND LINE)
10-12 lanes
1985 BRUCE HWY (+2) required in next
0,0
00 15-20 years 15
30
200
,00
0
10
100
,000 5
0
50,00
1980 2000 2020 2040
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURE 21Current trends will
have impacts How we currently travel
Travel choices are currently
confined to using the private car or a
mostly low frequency bus system.
Car ownership and usage rates for 86.0%
the Sunshine Coast are amongst
the highest in Australia with 1.74
cars per household, almost 1 car Sunshine Coast 2011
per adult. Private vehicle travel 86% by car (1,000,000 trips)
accounts for 86% of all trips on 3% by bus or rail (40,000 trips)
the Sunshine Coast, whilst public 11% walk or cycle (130,000 trips)
transport usage is extremely low
with approximately only 3% of all Total = 1 ,200,000
trips made by public transport. trips per day
Doing nothing will have impacts
By 2031 there will be nearly
2 million trips across the Sunshine
Coast transport network every Congestion
day. If existing travel patterns
continue, there could be a range Growing congestion has a number of
of impacts affecting quality of life implications for the Sunshine Coast
including the potential to restrict
and our community. economic activity and growth, reduce
accessibility to local centres and
increase trip duration resulting in the
loss of personal time to travel.*
If we do nothing, current travel
patterns will impact the qualities
of the Sunshine Coast.
If current trends continue
Based on current trends, by
2031 there will be around
600,000
additional daily trips being
made by car (60% increase)
Sunshine Coast 2031
1,600,000 car trips
60,000 bus or train
210,000 walk or cycle
Daily travel choice (based on existing trends showing 1.9 million daily trips)
Total = 1 ,900,000
trips per day
Reduced urban quality Reduced travel options Air quality impacts
More cars in our urban areas doesn’t If current trends for transport An additional 600,000 car based trips per
mean they will become better places. infrastructure investment continue on day will result in more pollution. These
With trip growth focused in local centres, the Sunshine Coast, it will become emissions and other transportation
action will be needed to maintain priority progressively more challenging to get pollutants have significant impacts on
for pedestrians and tourists which will be around without a car. Ongoing reliance local air quality and the environment,
important for local business. Pinch points on vehicle travel will commit most the economy and resources as well
will need attention to maintain the flow of households to two or more cars with as personal health and wellbeing.
traffic and large areas of land may also be an average annual running cost in
needed for new car parking areas to cater excess of $12,000 for each vehicle.
for increasing trips which are expected
to double in some centres by 2031.
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURE 232
LIGHT RAIL: A NEW
WAY TO MOVE
24 SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : BUILDING THE LIFESTYLE CITYHow the current pressures Hundreds of cities around the Cities with foresight planned Light rail creates more
of growth are managed world have already responded to ahead to ensure public transport
will determine the future the transport challenge, and in was provided to support and travel options and can
attractiveness and cases where road infrastructure guide growth. These cities
competitiveness of the was given priority, growth has maintained a clear advantage unlock wider community
Sunshine Coast. At present two
possible scenarios exist for the
required more road networks
and upgrade of existing
and enhanced the quality of life
of their growing populations.
benefits and new lifestyle
Sunshine Coast: to continue infrastructure. Urban sprawl, At this point in time there is a
opportunities for the
the transport focus on road congestion and freeways are unique and exciting opportunity Sunshine Coast.
infrastructure alone, or to shift a common product of such an for the Sunshine Coast to
towards a more integrated approach, which can ultimately plan for a new way to move
network with public transport compromise the scenic amenity and accommodate projected
supplementing the road network. and liveability of a city. growth while protecting the
unique and attractive lifestyle
for future generations.
BETTER
PLACES
Light Rail promotes greater urban
quality, local amenity and liveability.
A GREENER
COAST
Light Rail reduces carbon pollution, enabling better
air-quality, and improved urban water runoff.
LESS
CONGESTION
Light Rail eases pressure on the road network,
and can provide more capacity in less space.
FOR ALL AGES
AND ABILITIES
Light Rail provides convenient and
accessible transport options for youth,
elderly and people of all abilities.
HIGHER VALUE
PROPERTY
Light Rail provides value uplift to property
within its walking catchment.
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURE 25What is light rail? The delivery of light rail The role of light rail in
Hundreds of cities around the infrastructure is low impact the transport network
world have backed light rail to on the urban environment Whilst light rail provides transit
combat growing congestion and as it can be incorporated function between activity centres,
create better cities. Light rail into existing streets, road it can also provide a distributor
systems typically run through reserves and median strips. function within a city centre,
urban environments, connecting It creates a more permanent providing closer stop spacing
people with a range of key transport presence, instilling and getting people closer to
destinations and centres. confidence and attracting more their destinations compared to
Modern light rail systems include people to use the system. traditional heavy rail systems.
electrically powered trams Light rail is pedestrian friendly
Light rail vehicles typically draw and can be designed to integrate
that run on tracks, within a power from an overhead electric
dedicated corridor or in a shared with other public transport modes
line and are driven by an on- such as bus and heavy rail.
corridor with general traffic. board operator. In recent years,
light rail systems in Australia
Smooth, comfortable typically adopt a low level platform
and quiet arrangement at stations to enable
The design and function of easy boarding and alighting.
light rail creates a journey
experience that is smooth,
comfortable, quiet and frequent.
International case studies
"There are over
400 modern light
rail systems
globally, with a
further 60 under
construction and
plans for another
200". Zaragoza, Spain Grenoble, France Montpelier, France
The International Association of Public Population: 700,000 Population: 155,000 Population: 265,000
Transport.
Constructed 2011 (664,00 region) (410,00 region)
Daily ridership 50,000 Constructed 1987 Constructed 2000 - 2007
Modern From the 1960s, the existing tram
system declined with little or no
Daily ridership 230,000
After a successful but hard
Daily ridership 250,000+
As a mid sized coastal city, the
investment, and was gradually
Versatile converted to bus operation. The
fought civic referendum, the
light rail was completed in
decision to adopt a modern light
rail was largely determined by the
tram network was discontinued 1987. It set the standard for city leaders’ desire for a system
Easy to use in 1976 and in 2009 the city
decided to rebuild the system.
modern light rail in Europe. The with its own dedicated alignment,
first line was 13km long with and bus lanes were not seen as
Clean The first services were run in
2011 and now, with the opening
29 stops, followed by a further
four lines completed between
a viable solution. Four lines have
been completed since the first
of the network to Plaza del 1990 and 2007, supporting a opened in 2000 with a current
Pilar, weekday ridership is total network of 34km with 71 total network of 63km with 83
expected to increase to 50,000. stops and an average distance stations and an average distance
between stops of around 500m. between stops of around 750m.
Current ridership on the network The system serves a walk-up
is approximately 230,000 population in the order of 90,000
passenger trips per day. people and supports over 250,000
passenger trips per day.Why do we think light
rail is the right choice?
Growing popularity A key differentiator for light An agent for urban
In most of Australia’s largest rail is its ability to reduce improvement
cities, trams formed the congestion in established In addition to its capacity to
backbone of the transport urban centres to maintain their move large volumes of people
*
network for nearly a century. competitiveness with new car- efficiently, light rail is recognised
Since the 1950’s many of these based shopping precincts. for its ability to improve property
systems have been removed, but values, stimulate investment and
in recent decades a resurgence
As part of an integrated
transport network, light rail improve the urban environment. Seven of Australia’s
of light rail has led to the is particularly well suited to Streetscape upgrades along the ten largest cities
delivery of new systems in a coastal regions like the Sunshine selected alignment combined
number of Australian cities. Coast. Population and major with fixed station locations are have built, or are
Suited to the Sunshine Coast
centres are concentrated in expected to support increased
pedestrian activity and boost
planning to build,
a linear corridor and a single
Light rail is frequently adopted in light rail line can efficiently market confidence. High quality light rail systems.
regional cities around the world service a significant catchment mixed use development around
where population levels are while linking key residential, the light rail could replace the
unable to sustain high capacity employment and tourist areas. traditional ‘strip’ development
heavy rail and where substantial along busy roads to create better
ongoing investment is needed places for people and business.
in the road network to keep
pace with high growth rates.
SUNSHINE COAST
A light rail POPULATION 424,000
IN 2031
nation? BRISBANE
POPULATION 2,200,000
GOLD COAST
POPULATION 590,000
NEWCASTLE
POPULATION 420,000
SYDNEY
PERTH POPULATION 4,700,000
POP 1,900,000 WOLLONGONG
ADELAIDE POPULATION 282,000
POP 1,275,000
CANBERRA
POPULATION 380,000
MELBOURNE
POPULATION 4,250,000
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURE 27Every type of transport offers unique
advantages. Light rail is well suited to coastal
cities with a network of centres.
Bus Rapid Transit 65x
PASSENGERS
Bus rapid transit runs along designated busways, or
bus lanes on existing roads with priority movement
at intersections. While bus rapid transit is slightly
cheaper to implement, the operating and future
costs to increase the number of buses, can result
in higher long term costs compared to light rail.
While buses have flexibility of route choice, this can lead
to variable travel times and therefore reduced reliability.
The permanence and presence of bus rapid transit is
not as strong as light rail and can be less attractive to
passengers due to lower ride comfort levels. Over the
long term, bus rapid transit cannot provide a number
of benefits offered by light rail, including reliability and
efficiency, and value uplift of land surrounding the
route. Bus rapid transit is also unlikely to encourage
redevelopment of land alongside stations.
Light Rail 250x
PASSENGERS
Light rail can be incorporated seamlessly
within urban centres, and provides rapid, high
capacity vehicles capable of long or short trips.
Light rail provides a permanent transit
alignment through an urban area and presents
opportunities to stimulate urban improvement.
Light rail has the capacity to carry more people
than bus rapid transit, typically carrying 250
passengers per vehicle, and is a modular system
that can be added to over time to meet demand.
Heavy Rail 750x
PASSENGERS
Heavy rail includes at grade, elevated and
subway systems that are well suited to high
capacity and longer journey trips - particularly
between cities. Heavy rail cannot safely
run through streets or a town centre. With
less frequent stations (typically more than
2km apart) it provides fewer opportunities
for boarding compared with light rail.
Heavy and light rail systems are complementary
to one another as both serve different purposes;
heavy rail predominantly connects people
from a wider catchment area to places that
are further apart, whereas light rail provides
a way to move through and between higher
density urban areas and town centres.As cities grow, space becomes more
important. Light rail offers considerable
capacity gains compared with bus and
general traffic lanes and can use this
space more efficiently.
Corridor capacity compared
40 M
CORRIDOR
Dual track light rail + 4 traffic lanes = 22,000 passenger trips per hour
65 M
CORRIDOR
12 traffic lanes = 19,000 passenger trips per hour
Cost of living benefits
Many households require more than one car to meet their travel needs, multiplying the cost
associated with the second largest asset for many Australian households. The high vehicle
mileage associated with car dependent travel contributes to a depreciation in value and higher
running and maintenance costs. The average running cost of a family car is $12,000 per year.
With 54% of households in the region owning two or more vehicles, there is opportunity for
significant savings if light rail can make the extra car optional. Families could potentially save
$230/week (in 2013 $) which is 70% of the average weekly rent on the Sunshine Coast.
More than half the
households on the Sunshine
*
Coast have two or more cars.
+
OESR (2011)
The average family car costs
$12,000 a year to own and run.
If the second car is optional,
families could save up to
$230 per week, over 70% of
the average weekly rent.
(Sources: RACQ Vehicle Running Costs Guide 2013; ABS National
Regional Profile Average Monthly Household Rental Payments 2011)
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURE 29An integrated public
transport network
A new light rail system would form the
backbone of the public transport network for
the entire Sunshine Coast. It could be supported
by a connected network of rapid, high frequency
bus services and could connect with a future
heavy rail line from Maroochydore to Brisbane.
CALOUNDRA SOUTH BEERWAH AND LANDSBOROUGH
AND BRISBANE
Rapid bus network
Light rail spine
Future heavy rail alignment
CALOUNDRA
KAWANA
MOOLOOLABAFrequent, convenient and speedy An integrated bus and Park ‘n’ Ride
connections will be critical in light rail network As the popularity of public transport
establishing public transport as Light rail would replace a number of increases, Park ‘n’ Ride facilities could
a viable option for travel on the north-south bus routes in the core be provided so that people travelling
Sunshine Coast. Light rail would coastal areas and free up buses to from suburban and rural areas benefit
unlock opportunities to redefine boost east-west services and improve from easy access to the integrated
bus and rail public transport across access to hinterland and railway towns, rapid bus and light rail system.
the region. Rapid district and local emerging greenfield communities and
bus routes could feed into the light the University of the Sunshine Coast. Maroochydore heavy rail line (CAMCOS)
rail, complementing roads and
improved active transport access. Major and district stations and stops If the Queensland Government’s proposed
could be located at Maroochydore, Maroochydore line (CAMCOS) is constructed
Targeting better public transport Mooloolaba, Kawana Town Centre and in the future, it could extend from the
Caloundra. These stations could facilitate north coast line at Beerwah to connect
Light rail or a similar investment in Caloundra South, Caloundra, Kawana
public transport will be crucial to shifting high quality interchange between high
frequency and priority bus routes as and Maroochydore. It could provide a
transport mode share. Projected growth high speed connection to Brisbane.
on the Sunshine Coast will lead to a well as local feeder bus routes to create
60% increase in daily trips by 2031. By an integrated transport system. The heavy rail line would perform a different
providing more efficient transport options, Aligning key transit interchanges with function to the light rail, with both playing
there is an opportunity to decrease the major activity centres would support an important and complementary role in the
share of trips by private vehicle and the economic development objectives wider integrated public transport network.
allow the busy activity centres to be and relieve growing pressure on roads
better places for people and business. within our important centres.
UNIVERSITY OF THE
SUNSHINE COAST, SIPPY
DOWNS AND PALMVIEW
NAMBOUR AND HINTERLAND TOWNS
Rapid bus network
NAMBOUR AND HINTERLAND TOWNS
Rapid bus network
Future heavy rail alignment
Light rail spine SUNSHINE COAST
AIRPORT AND
NORTHERN TOWNS
MAROOCHYDORE
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURE 31Light rail is part of a staged
improvement strategy for
the wider network including
coastal and hinterland areas
Existing network Short term
RAPID BUS
The bus network is the primary public Introduction of a new, branded,
transport service, with the most frequent high frequency bus service between
service operating between Maroochydore Maroochydore and Caloundra will provide a
and Caloundra. The network requires rapid and reliable service in the future light
gradual improvements over time to build rail corridor. The new service will act as a
towards a high quality public transport forerunner to the future light rail system and
system. The CAMCOS heavy rail corridor establish public transport as a competitive
is protected for the long term. travel option in the busiest area. This service
can be expanded to major destinations
such as the University of the Sunshine
Coast and the Sunshine Coast Airport.Building a comprehensive transport network will
deliver a range of active and public transport outcomes
over the next 20 years. Improvements won’t happen all
at once, but will involve a transition of changes over a
longer period.
Existing Bus
Rapid Bus
Light Rail
Heavy Rail
Medium term Long term vision
LIGHT RAIL & RAPID BUS A COMPREHENSIVE NETWORK
The high-frequency bus network is The high-frequency bus network is
further expanded to major Sunshine expanded to connect all major destinations.
Coast destinations and the first stage of Light rail is extended from Kawana to
light rail is introduced on the busiest part Caloundra. A range of options can be
of the network, between Maroochydore, considered for how the light rail and
Mooloolaba and Kawana. The bus heavy rail could meet. Future extensions
network expands to service growing of the light rail can also be considered.
communities at Palmview and Caloundra
South. Services are accompanied by
progressive stop and station upgrades
and targeted bus priority measures.
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURE 33While sections of elevated track can reduce ‘At Grade’
interference with traffic, construction costs are Alignment
high, and visual impacts can be very significant. CONFIGURATION
Integrated at street level
LIGHT RAIL CORRIDOR WIDTH AT GROUND LEVEL
8 metres
HEIGHT (TO TOP OF CATENARY)
4-6 metres (1-2 storeys)
Why track and platforms PLATFORM ACCESS
Signalised crossing
should be on the street TOTAL SYSTEM COST (APPROXIMATE)
Generally, elevated track is This is achieved by reducing
$90M /KM
considered less desirable than delays at intersections which
at-grade, as the separation of provides time savings for both
potential users to station platforms light rail and road traffic.
imposes accessibility issues While these are desirable
including stairs, lifts to elevated attributes, the transport modelling
platforms, and maintenance and for 2031 highlights the majority
emergency access issues. Cost, of journeys are short local
noise and visual amenity are also trips to and from centres.
key factors in the consideration
of an elevated system. An at grade system is better
suited to these travel patterns
A range of factors need to as it gives priority to fast and
be considered in deciding convenient access rather than
a preferred approach:
Reconfiguration of
speed over longer distances. Elevated
streetscape elements The footprint of a typical elevated
Operational impacts structure at ground level would Alignment
be up to 5 metres wide between
Visual amenity traffic lanes, with concrete traffic CONFIGURATION
Property acquisition barriers to protect piers. This offers
requirements a modest reduction in overall On structure above street
User accessibility corridor width compared to an LIGHT RAIL CORRIDOR WIDTH AT GROUND LEVEL
Cost at-grade alignment, but is a costly
way to manage traffic impacts. 5 metres (including
Land use integration foundations)
Evidence shows that elevated HEIGHT (TO TOP OF CATENARY)
tracks can provide faster travel
times for end to end journeys. 10-14 metres (3-4 storeys)
*
PLATFORM ACCESS
Signalised crossing with
Consideration of a number of Stair / Elevator
factors has identified ‘at-grade’ TOTAL SYSTEM COST (APPROXIMATE)
as the most desirable option to
minimise community impact and
optimise property value uplift. $160M /KM‘AT GRADE’ ALIGNMENT - DESIRABLE
Platform stops
easily accessible
Slightly reduced
Mid block access
footpath widths
(with care)
(compared with
elevated option)
8 metre
wide light rail
Track
Subsurface tracks integrated
services
infrastructure with road corridor
underground
accommodated
ELEVATED ALIGNMENT - UNDESIRABLE
Vehicle travels the
equivalent of
3 storeys high
Track
services
inside girder
Minimum
6.5 metre clearance
under structure
Stairs and elevators
required for
platform access
Track transition from
elevated to street
is high impact area Columns will
require crash
protection barriers
5 metre wide
corridor
for structural
supports
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURE 35Light rail:
technical information
Light rail is a highly flexible system
capable of operating at lower speeds
in established areas and ‘fast running’
where conditions allow.
The rolling stock provides a high
A key advantage of light rail is its
level of safety for commuters
ability to integrate seamlessly into
the existing urban environment. with seamless accessibility
Recently delivered systems in when moving between the
Australia take up a track width platform and vehicles.
that is just over two traffic lanes.
The Gold Coast Light Rail vehicles
demonstrate a contemporary and
Light rail vehicles highly visible vehicle finish to help
The light rail passenger avoid accidents and collisions.
vehicles suitable for the
Sunshine Coast can travel A twin track configuration
speeds of up to 80km/hour. for Sunshine Coast Light
Rail could accommodate
Travelling speeds are determined associated infrastructure
by a range of physical and requirements between both
operational variables including tracks, forming a total slab width
on-street, segregated of approximately 8 metres. Speed Up to 70 - 80km/hour
and high speed corridor
characteristics. Other potential Light rail generally travels at Measurements Length 32.5 - 40m
impacts on speed include: the same speed as general
traffic and in a dedicated Width 2.65m
Track alignment corridor for congestion free Height 3.3m
Adjacent traffic speeds running where possible.
Door step height 235 - 290mm
Development density
Signalling priority Low floor area Minimum 70%
(for universal access)
Intersections
Platform and station dwell time Pantograph and >4.3m operating height
contact wire
6.0m maximum height
GOLD COAST LIGHT RAIL VEHICLETypical island platform station configuration
Footpath Verge General Light Rail Track Island Platform Light Rail Track General Verge Footpath
Traffic Lane Traffic Lane
Stations
A nominal 750m spacing between
stations will support a total of
approximately 33 stops between
Maroochydore and Caloundra.
Stations could be implemented
with a number of platform
configurations including:
Centre island platform
Trafficable platform stop
Kerb extension platform
Side platform (single faced)
Platform configuration will be
Gold Coast Light
dependent upon several factors
Rail Station including:
Safety for tram patrons and
other road corridor users
Context of the station within
adjacent infrastructure
Road traffic volumes
Levels of pedestrian activity
All stations would be designed
to comply with universal
access guidelines.
‘Coast to Coast’ Light
Rail Station in Adelaide
SUNSHINE COAST LIGHT RAIL : SHAPING OUR FUTURE 373
SHAPING THE
SUNSHINE COAST
Light rail: an agent for urban improvement
State-of-the-art
vehicle fleet
Safe ‘island’
platforms with
shade and shelter
Safe and convenient
pedestrian crossings
Some existing car
parking relocated to
adjoining streetsYou can also read
