SUBMARINE NETWORK NEEDS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION

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SUBMARINE NETWORK NEEDS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION
SUBMARINE NETWORK
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SUBMARINE NETWORK NEEDS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION
Contents

Introduction                        					                p 3

Analysys Mason’s top 10 predictions 					                p 4

The submarine cable industry: new investment
opportunities and key trends 						                      p 5

SDN in the WAN: the open programmable user plane
could kickstart a new era						                          p7

Partnering for digital transformation: a EUR15 billion
opportunity for EMEA operators 						                    p9

Telecoms operators could benefit from the growth in
cloud markets that is driven by global IT players 		     p11

Analysys Mason’s submarine cable expertise			            p13

About Analysys Mason                					                p14
SUBMARINE NETWORK NEEDS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION
Introduction
I am pleased to present this compilation of articles
from Analysys Mason covering some of the key topics
that are featuring at Submarine Networks Europe.

The telecommunications industry          As a sector specialist in telecoms,
continues to evolve and change,          media and technology Analysys Mason
presenting both challenges and           is active advising clients across
opportunities for key stakeholders.      Europe on the above topics. Our
In this series of articles we discuss:   clients include operators, investors,
                                         regulators and governments.
• how the growth and dominance of
  content providers is influencing 		    I hope you find these articles of
  investment in the industry and 		      interest. We welcome your feedback
  where the next wave of investment      and encourage you to contact the        PATRICK KIDNEY
  may come from                          authors directly if you would like to   Principal, Consulting
                                                                                 patrick.kidney@analysysmason.com
                                         discuss any of the points they have
• the influence of web-scale
                                         raised, or if you would like to
  companies as they set the software-
                                         understand how a specific issue or
  defined networking (SDN) agenda
                                         trend might affect your organisation.
  and where this is leading
• the impact of digital transformation
  and the potential rewards for the
  telecoms sector as a whole
• what operators are doing to take
  advantage of the growth trend in the
  cloud market.

3
SUBMARINE NETWORK NEEDS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION
Analysys Mason’s top 10
                                      predictions for the telecoms
                                      media and digital services
                                      sectors in 2018

1. Specialist mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) will continue to surprise the IoT market by signing major deals.

2. Revenue growth from new enterprise services will offset losses in traditional enterprise revenue.

3. Digital transformation will shift from offering new digital services to transforming labour costs in established networks.

4. Operators that provide digital methods for customer acquisition and support will win market share from those that lag.

5. Service-specific and unlimited data tariffs will win out over volume-based pricing as the foundation for consumer
   mobile services.

6. Growth in consumer spending on OTT video services will outpace traditional pay-TV spending in 2018.

7. Operators will deploy Alexa-like AI techniques to engage customers in a more-digital manner.

8. A small number of 5G New Radio (NR) trials will start in 2018, but 90% of operators will wait until after 2020.

9. The mainstream telecoms market is embracing virtual networks. By 2018, more than USD6 billion in capex will have
   shifted to virtualised and cloud-based networks; this shift will grow to more than USD50 billion in 2022.

10. Operators will begin to deploy NGPON-2 as a converged infrastructure to support 5G, FTTP and enterprise services.

For additional detail around each predication, download our free predictions paper at analysysmason.com/top-10-predictions-2018/

                                                                                                                                   4
SUBMARINE NETWORK NEEDS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION
The submarine cable
industry: new investment
opportunities and key trends

“
                                                                                                     PATRICK KIDNEY
  The submarine cable industry has changed structurally

                                                                                ”
                                                                                                     Principal, Consulting
and international bandwidth use continues to soar.

                                                  Changes in the submarine cable industry          These content and cloud providers use
                                                  over the last 10 years                           the international cable infrastructure to
                                                                                                   distribute their content via servers
                                                  Global international bandwidth
                                                                                                   located in data centres closer to the
                                                  grew by over 40% per annum from 2012
After nearly a decade of limited investment                                                        consumers of the content, thereby
                                                  to 2016, according to TeleGeography.
in submarine cables, the last few years                                                            enhancing the experience of the Internet
                                                  Traditional industry players, including
have seen a marked increase in the                                                                 user.
                                                  wholesale Internet and voice operators,
number of new cables all over the world.
                                                  have experienced an impressive                   The networks interconnecting data
Over 50 new systems have been completed
                                                  growth in traffic, but it is the entrance of     centres are private content distribution
or are under construction, and another 35
                                                  the content and cloud providers that             networks (CDNs); private (and to an
systems are planned for completion before
                                                  has had the biggest impact on the                extent) open CDNs have been a driver of
2022. In parallel, the submarine cable
                                                  industry. Companies such as Amazon,              structural change in the industry over the
industry has changed structurally and
                                                  Apple, Facebook, Google and Microsoft            last 10 years. The data centres that form
international bandwidth use continues to
                                                  are responsible for approximately                part of the CDNs are globally distributed
soar. This article considers the impact of
                                                  70% of this growth, according to Cisco,          (see Figure 1 below).
these changes on global submarine cable
                                                  and it is these companies who are
developments and investment over the next
                                                  influencing much of the investment in
5 to 10 years.
                                                  new cables.

                    Amazon Web Service (AWS)                                                     Google

                         Azure (Microsoft)                                                       Facebook

FIGURE 1: SAMPLE OF CONTENT PROVIDERS’ GLOBAL DATA CENTRES
[SOURCE: ANALYSYS MASON, AMAZON, FACEBOOK, GOOGLE AND MICROSOFT, 2018]

5
SUBMARINE NETWORK NEEDS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION
The requirement to interconnect these           Submarine systems occasionally suffer
data centres means that content and             disruption through accidental cable cuts
cloud providers are:                            and damage from, for example, anchors,
                                                fishing or seismic activity. Content
• dictating the submarine cable routes;
                                                providers and some other corporate
  for example, the transatlantic MAREA
                                                customers typically require at least three
  cable connects two unique landing
                                                different sea routes meaning that
  station sites in Bilbao, Spain and
                                                providing route diversity will remain a key
  Virginia Beach, USA
                                                driver for investment in new cables.
• underwriting project demand risks by
                                                Commentators have highlighted the
  committing to use dark-fibre pairs on
                                                possible vulnerability of cable networks to
  the system before construction, or by
                                                sabotage with a consequent impact on
  paying for the right of use in the early
                                                national economies in recent months.
  days of the project
                                                These security concerns could result in
• becoming co-owners and investors in           an increase in government funding or
  new cables (such as the MAREA cable           other support for further diversity.
  system noted above and the Pacific
                                                Where investment might materialise in
  Light Cable Network (PLCN)).
                                                the coming years
The availability requirements of the
                                                There are over 35 announced plans for
content providers, cloud providers and
                                                the completion of cable systems in the
traditional industry players in general
                                                public domain, and others are in the
have led to expanding requirements for
                                                pipeline (even if some will be cancelled or
diversity and redundancy, which have
                                                delayed). Investment will be used in a
been a driver for some of the new
                                                variety of schemes, including the             Questions?
investment. The impact of outages on
                                                following.                                    Please feel free to contact
businesses, and the practical constraints
on rapid repair mean that alternative           • Replacement of older cables, although       Patrick Kidney, Principal, at
routes to interconnect the same locations         the upgrade of these systems to 100G        patrick.kidney@analysysmason.com
are required, which in turn has led to            systems will keep them in service for
alternative cables being laid.                    longer.
The presence of terrestrial diverse dark        • Diversification of cables for resilience
fibre from the landing point inland to data       and security. Physically diverse routes
centres or Internet exchanges is another          are a requirement for most users and
requirement that is partially driven by           are especially important for CDNs.
content and cloud providers taking full
                                                • Development of shorter routes and
dark-fibre pairs on the submarine cables.
                                                  more regional systems where markets
Factors that will impact investment over          are under-served (thin routes). These
the next 5 to 10 years                            will help to increase the availability of
                                                  inter-data centre connectivity when
The requirements of content and cloud
                                                  combined with terrestrial networks.
providers will continue to shape the
industry over the coming years,                 • Generation of new trans-ocean routes,
particularly in larger trans-ocean                which will largely be driven by the
projects. As illustrated in Figure 1, the         CDNs of the Internet giants and their
global data centre footprints are                 strategies for those parts of the globe
extensive, though large parts of the world        that they are not currently addressing.
are not yet served by these CDNs. As the
local geographical market evolves,
content providers may require further           Analysys Mason has extensive experience
connectivity. Africa, for example, is largely   advising investors, governments and
underserved by global CDNs, and as              public bodies on the commercial and
Internet penetration and traffic per user       technical aspects of submarine cables,
increase, the CDNs will need to expand.         data centres and the Internet generally.

                                                                                                                                 6
SUBMARINE NETWORK NEEDS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION
SDN in the WAN: the open
programmable user plane
could kickstart a new era

“
    2018 promises to be a disruptive year for SDN
technologies. Web-scale companies are increasing their

                                                            ”
                                                                              CAROLINE CHAPPELL-
influence in both WANs and data centre networking.                            Principal Analyst, Research

                              Established router players need to boost      The FANGs, and particularly Google, are
                              innovation to beat off competition from an    influencing network protocols too.
                              expanding open-source SDN ecosystem,          Between 15% and 20% of worldwide
                              now taking programmability to the user        network traffic is now estimated to use
                              plane. It is early days for this ecosystem,   user datagram protocol (UDP). UDP,
                              but operators and vendors risk losing         Google-developed QUIC and HTTP/2 are
                              influence in another key area of the          being promoted as a key protocol stack
                              network if they leave the development of      for 5G and a possible replacement for
                              an open programmable forwarding plane         deeply flawed TCP/IP. Whichever set of
                              entirely to web-scale companies.              IETF transport protocols wins, the
                                                                            Internet will carry an increasing share of
                              Web-scale companies strengthen their
                                                                            enterprise traffic. In operator networks,
                              influence on the future network
                                                                            there are early signs that MPLS is in
                              The FANG and BAT companies are driving        retreat, threatened not only by SD-WANs
                              the pace of change in networking              but also by enthusiastic operator adoption
                              technologies.1 At Nokia’s analyst event in    of segment routing. Deutsche Telekom’s
                              Helsinki in December 2017, Basil Alwan,       radical IPv6-based pan-European
                              president of Nokia’s IP and Optical           network (Pan-Net) stripped MPLS out
                              Networks division, pronounced that the        entirely, while other operators implement
                              “Internet is changing owners” as              segment routing as a centralised and
                              web-scale companies invest in                 improved traffic engineering capability in
                              augmenting it to support the massive          tandem with MPLS. Nevertheless, the
                              volumes of cloud and content traffic that     migration path to pure IPv6 segment
                              they generate. Alwan pointed out that         routing (SR6) is increasingly well-trodden.
                              Nokia is seeing less traffic on operator      It remains to be seen how far this shift to
                              backbones than on web-scale networks.         the Internet will favour the FANGs and
                              As a result, the web-scalers are putting      BATs as future suppliers of enterprise
                              new demands on Nokia to provide               connectivity, especially if they control
                              SDN-based automation, equipment               more Internet infrastructure.
                              telemetry data, open APIs, analytics and
                              unprecedented core router performance.
                              The subtext to Alwan’s presentation was
                              that unless Nokia meets these demands,
                              the web-scalers will build next-
                              generation, SDN-based networking
                              equipment for themselves, a capability
                              that many in the telecoms industry
                              believe such companies could master if
                              they decide it is worth their while.

7
SUBMARINE NETWORK NEEDS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION
The FANGs and BATs have had the largest                                      AT&T has implemented Tofino in its data
impact on data centre networking,                                            centres; Google and Tencent are Barefoot                                 Questions?
adopting open-source technologies and                                        investors. Sharp-eyed conference-goers                                   Please feel free to contact
championing white boxes with merchant                                        will have spotted that the Telstra                                       Caroline Chappell, Principal Analyst,
silicon for data centre switching. Data                                      Programmable Network3 uses Noviflow’s                                    Research, at
centre switching and WAN routing remain                                      network operating system (NOS), which                                    caroline.chappell@analysysmason.com
separate domains today, but cloud, NFV                                       Noviflow touts as the first carrier-grade
and emerging 5G use cases increasingly                                       NOS to run on Tofino-based switches. But
demand seamless connectivity across                                          most operators are not ready for the
both. Alwan hinted that routers and                                          programmable user plane revolution.
switches may ‘blend’ in the future, driven                                   Web-scale companies are pushing for
by new chipset designs and the future                                        software-based disaggregation of the
architecture of the 5G network. Carrier                                      networking value chain to drive out cost
5G networks will increasingly resemble                                       and accelerate innovation, but many
the web-scalers’ in their dependence on                                      operators argue that vendor-based
cloud data centres, although operators                                       aggregation is the more cost-efficient
will probably run many more cloud data                                       path based on extensive experience. A
centres, massively distributed across the                                    programmable user plane may introduce
network edge, whereas web-scalers rely                                       more performance and security issues
on massively centralised DCs.                                                than it solves and there is little evidence
                                                                             that customers would be better served by
An open programmable user plane is the
                                                                             an ability to rapidly introduce new
latest challenge to the WAN status quo
                                                                             network protocols.
White box routing – or native SDN as we
                                                                             Established network equipment vendors
call it2 – has not caught on in the WAN
                                                                             should nevertheless respond to this latest
due to operator antipathy to OpenFlow
                                                                             SDN development. The forwarding plane
and existing investment in router
                                                                             will become a key SDN battleground in
infrastructure. As operators invest in a
                                                                             2018 and a focus for 5G end-to-end
new, edge-based cloud network, this
                                                                             network architecture. Vendors should tell
could change. Operators could choose to
                                                                             a strong story to justify their chipset, NOS
build such a network based, for example,
                                                                             and aggregation strategies. Operators
on switches powered by new generations
                                                                             should assess the benefits, impact and
of powerful ASICs from the likes of
                                                                             challenges of the programmable
Barefoot Networks or Broadcom, rather
                                                                             forwarding plane as they plan new
than on traditional routers with
                                                                             edge-based cloud networks that will
proprietary network processors.
                                                                             affect the future architecture of the WAN.
Barefoot’s Tofino chip supports the P4                                       They should also evaluate AT&T’s
programming language for packet                                              end-of-2017 proposal to bridge
processing. The P4 runtime, regarded as                                      fragmented SDN approaches in the data
a successor to OpenFlow, gives users                                         centre/WAN with an open-source
unprecedented software-based control                                         disaggregated network operating system
over the data plane, enabling them to                                        (dNOS) that works with multiple
match the flexibility that SDN vendors                                       protocols, chipsets and SDN controllers.
have been building into their control                                        It is early days for a P4-based user plane
planes. Tofino’s price/performance raises                                    ecosystem, but operators and vendors
the prospect of an affordable,                                               risk losing influence in another key area
programmable forwarding plane, which                                         of the network if they leave its
could revolutionise networking, reducing                                     development entirely to the FANGs
the power of vendors that base their gear                                    and BATs.
on fixed-function network processors and
encouraging the ecosystem-based
development of new value-added network
capabilities in the areas of security,
telemetry and middlebox replacement.

                                                                                                                                                                                              8
1
    FANG: Facebook, Amazon, Netflix, Google; BAT: Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent.
2
    For more information, see Analysys Mason’s Software-defined networking in the WAN: Solution options and vendor opportunities.
3
    For more information, see Analysys Mason’s Telstra Enterprise demonstrates the impact of investing in digital transformation on revenue growth.
SUBMARINE NETWORK NEEDS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION
Partnering for digital
transformation: a EUR15
billion opportunity for
EMEA operators

“
                                                                                                  DAVID ABECASSIS -
  Digital transformation is happening fast, and could add                                         Partner, Consulting

EUR15 billion to operators’ cash flow in EMEA by 2021.

Where do we go next? After nearly a
decade of disruption, telecoms operators
                                                                                     ”
                                               it means entering new markets, thanks to
                                               lower barriers to entry made possible by
                                                                                                success in launching increasingly
                                                                                                high-quality broadband services: voice
in most developed and many developing          the Internet. For all, however, digital          and messaging services are now add-ons
markets, in Europe and elsewhere, can          transformation also means working                to broadband access, and superfast
think again about growth. Now is the           differently, investing differently, to make      broadband (30Mbit/s or 50Mbit/s and
time, therefore, for operators to define       the most of the rapid pace of change in          more) is available through both fixed and
how they will grow during the next             software and networking that is taking           mobile networks in many countries, so
business cycle.                                place, driven by the largest Internet            most people can get entry-level
                                               players.                                         broadband that is ‘good enough’ for their
It is clear that part, if not all, of the
                                                                                                use. How can operators convince them to
answer to this question lies with digital      Operators that are trying to protect their
                                                                                                upgrade to better, but more-expensive
and the Internet. Telecoms operators will      core business will find that
                                                                                                products (including fibre-based access)?
thrive or struggle depending on their          differentiation is a challenge
ability to adapt or transform their strategy                                                    There is no single answer, but many
                                               For operators that are focused on shoring
and operations to make the most out of                                                          operators are now effectively using online
                                               up their core business, a key challenge is
the content, services and technology                                                            content and applications as drivers of
                                               differentiation. On the one hand, they face
enabled by the Internet.                                                                        demand for connectivity, through
                                               competition, which in Europe remains as
                                                                                                advertising (for example, Virgin Media is
This ‘digital transformation’ takes many       intense as ever in both mobile and fixed
                                                                                                promoting 200Mbit/s fibre broadband by
guises (see Figure 1). For some                markets. How can they convince end
                                                                                                emphasising low-latency gaming),
operators, it means focusing on their core     users that they are worthy of their loyalty,
                                                                                                bundling (for example, many operators
business, providing best-in-class              rather than ‘me-too’ providers that can be
                                                                                                are bundling Netflix with broadband and
connectivity for their customers to access     joined and left every 12 to 24 months
                                                                                                offering differentiated promotions with
online content and services with the best      purely based on prices? On the other
                                                                                                different tiers of broadband) and digital
possible quality of experience. For others,    hand, they are also victims of their
                                                                                                marketing.

                                                                     Digital ads
      Core               High-end              Bundled
                                                                     and sales           ȼ    Low-cost
    business             broadband             content
                                                                     channels
                                                                                              smartphones

     Enhanced            Infrastructure        Omnichannel
                                                                     Network                  Productivity
    technology           paid for by           customer
                                                                     transformation           improvements
      and ops            OSPs                  interactions

                                               New                   Entirely new
      New               New consumer
                                               enterprise            sectors (e.g.
    business            products
                                               products              banking)

FIGURE 1: SELECTED ONGOING DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION INITIATIVES [SOURCE: ANALYSYS MASON, 2017]

9
Some operators are entering new                                       consumers. Consumer surveys regularly
markets and have many assets to help                                  value telecoms brands highly, often in the
them do so                                                            top three in many countries.1 This is
                                                                      despite the fact that the telecoms
Operators that are entering new markets
                                                                      industry only represents 1–3% of GDP in
are experimenting in a wide range of
                                                                      most developed markets.
ways. In the USA, Verizon and to a lesser
extent AT&T are making large bets on                                  Operators are engaged in network and                                 This feels like a long and hard journey,
new markets: digital advertising (Yahoo!,                             operations transformations in order to                               but make no mistake: the digital
AOL), pay-TV (DirecTV) and many other                                 reduce cost and improve performance                                  transformation is happening fast, and the
acquisitions, which must be large scale to                                                                                                 rewards for the telecoms sector as a
                                                                      Finally, every operator is now engaged in                            whole are significant. We estimate that
make a difference in hundred-billion-
                                                                      a deep transformation of their networks                              successful transformation, through
dollar businesses. In Europe, Orange has
                                                                      and operations, to make the most of                                  judicious investment and partnerships,
entered the retail banking market in
                                                                      technology pioneered online by ‘web-                                 could add up to EUR15 billion to
Poland, and is preparing to launch in
                                                                      scale’ online service providers. This                                operators’ cashflow in Europe, the Middle
France. Partly this is a portfolio strategy:
                                                                      involves making more extensive use of                                East and Africa (EMEA) by 2021, a 50%
make a lot of bets and see what sticks.
                                                                      software and cloud platforms to increase                             increase on current levels (see Figure 2).
However, the market entry strategy of                                 the agility of networks and platforms.
most operators relies on assets that they                             Where it once took months and millions                               Analysys Mason recently published a
have had all along but did not previously                             of Euros in investment to launch a new                               report on the value of partnering for
exploit outside telecoms: customer                                    service, dedicated hardware,                                         digital transformation: Operators’ digital
relationships, including billing, which                               virtualisation and software-defined                                  transformation: unlocking EUR15 billion
make it possible to act as a payment                                  networking (SDN) now enable operators                                through partnerships with OSPs.2 Other
channel for small transactions (for                                   to reallocate resources and launch new                               recent research on digital services and
example, app stores); a physical presence                             services in weeks, if not days. They are                             transformation includes Telecoms
in tens of thousands of neighbourhoods,                               also investing in customer care platforms                            operator growth strategies: case studies
which are fast becoming expensive                                     that enable them to interact with                                    and analysis.3
advertising billboards but can also act as                            customers whenever, wherever and
points of contact and service centres for                             however these customers want,                                          Questions?
many new services; and trust – although                               improving satisfaction and retention.                                  Please feel free to contact
operators complain that they are being                                Ultimately, the goal is to reduce costs and                            David Abecassis, Partner, Consulting at
held to higher standards of data                                      improve productivity – to the benefit of                               david.abecassis@analysysmason.com
protection and privacy than other                                     operators themselves, their investors and                              or Stephen Sale, Research Director,
businesses, in practice this has helped                               their customers.                                                       Research, at
them become trusted and liked by                                                                                                             stephen.sale@analysysmason.com

                                                                                     2.0
              0.9
                                                                                                                4.9
                                2.3
               EUR7                                                                        EUR14.7
               billion                                                                      billion
           3.8

                                                                                 7.8

                                Core business development
                                Enhanced technology and operations
                                New business development

FIGURE 2: ESTIMATES OF THE CASHFLOW IMPACT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION THROUGH
PARTNERSHIPS, EMEA, 2021 [SOURCE: ANALYSYS MASON, 2017]

                                                                                                                                                                                  10
1
    For example, BrandZ ranks Vodafone as the most valuable UK brand and BT is at number four.
    For more information, see www.research-live.com/article/news/vodafone-uks-most-valuable-brand/id/5023372.
2
    See Analysys Mason’s Operators’ digital transformation: unlocking EUR15 billion through partnerships with OSPs. Sponsored by Google.
3
    See Analysys Mason’s Telecoms operator growth strategies: case studies and analysis.
Telecoms operators could
benefit from the growth in
cloud markets that is driven
by global IT players

“  Operators are well positioned for a role in delivering
managed data, security and private cloud services, as
well as services targeted at key industry verticals where                                                               ´

                                                             ”
                                                                                                               IGOR BABIC
                                                                                                               Research Analyst, Research
they can differentiate themselves.

The market for cloud-related services         Revenue is shifting from legacy IT                               infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS)
continues to increase rapidly, as             offerings to cloud-based services. For                           market, followed by Microsoft Azure,
evidenced by the double-digit revenue         example, IBM Cloud’s revenue (which                              Alibaba Cloud and Google Cloud, which
growth rates enjoyed by many global IT        includes Bluemix) grew by 14.7% between                          are behind, but closing the gap.
market players. This presents both an         2Q 2016 and 2Q 2017 while the overall                          • Microsoft Azure and Alibaba Cloud have
opportunity and a challenge for telecoms      revenue for IBM Technology Services and                          outperformed their competitors by a
operators that are seeking to capture a       Cloud Platforms (which includes                                  large margin when it comes to cloud
share of this growing market and its          infrastructure services, technical support                       revenue year-on-year growth rates.
associated connectivity revenue.              services and integration software) fell by                       However, this growth comes from a low
                                              5.1% in the same period.                                         base compared to that of AWS, for
This article compares the financial
performances of cloud services from           The cloud market positions of the                                instance. In fact, AWS’s revenue grew
well-established global IT players with       companies represented in Figure 1 can be                         by USD1.21 billion in 2Q 2017 while the
those of telecoms operators and               summarised as follows.                                           combined revenue growth of Azure,
discusses what operators are doing to                                                                          Alibaba Cloud and Google Cloud was
                                              • AWS is a strong leader in the                                  USD1.33 billion in the same period.
take advantage of the growth trend in the
cloud market. The reporting of cloud
revenue is opaque – it is not always clear                                                         +10.8%
what is or is not included and exact                                  8
comparisons are impossible. However,
                                                                      7
the reported figures give us a reasonable
sense of how the different cloud divisions,
                                              Revenue (USD billion)

                                                                      6
broadly defined, are performing.
                                                                      5 +42.1%                              +14.7%
Alphabet, Amazon, IBM and Microsoft
                                                                      4
dominate the rapidly growing cloud
                                                                                                                     +25.6%
market                                                                3
                                                                                                                              +58.4% +58.5%
Global IT players continue to report huge                             2          +97.0%                                                     +29.4%
increases in year-on-year revenue for                                                     +95.6%
                                                                      1
their cloud services (see Figure 1).
Microsoft Azure and Alibaba Cloud are                                 0
particularly notable, with growth rates of                                AWS Microsoft Alibaba Microsoft    IBM Salesforce Oracle      Google   SAP
above 90%, but many others including                                           Azure             Cloud
AWS, Google Cloud and Oracle Cloud are
                                              KEY: AWS = Amazon Web Services; Alibaba = Alibaba Cloud; IBM = IBM Cloud; Salesforce = Salesforce
also growing at more than 40% year-on-
                                              Cloud Subscription and Support; Oracle = Oracle Cloud; Google = Google Cloud; SAP = SAP Cloud
year.
                                              Subscriptions and Support.

                                              FIGURE 1: CLOUD REVENUE AND YEAR-ON-YEAR GROWTH, BY GLOBAL IT PLAYER, 2Q 20171
                                              [SOURCE: ANALYSYS MASON, 2017]

11
• Alphabet reported that its cloud unit                         Some of the telecoms operators that
  accounted for more of the company’s                           provide details of cloud revenue are also
  headcount additions than any other                            experiencing significant revenue growth
  areas of the business in 2Q 2017 and                          rates, albeit smaller than those of the
  that the unit is one of Alphabet’s fastest                    global IT players. Deutsche Telekom and
  growing businesses. Further inclusion                         NTT are the most successful in achieving
  of artificial intelligence services in                        year-on-year growth of over 10% from a
  Google Cloud is its potential key                             reasonably sizeable base (see Figure 2).
  differentiator in the cloud market in the                     Orange does not report revenue figures        popular with the German financial sector,
  future.                                                       for its enterprise cloud services, but        local government and SMEs (which form
                                                                stated that this revenue grew by 15%          a significant proportion of the country’s
• Alibaba Cloud’s biggest market is
                                                                year-on-year in 2Q 2017 and 37% in 3Q         economy) because the data is stored
  China, where the market for cloud
                                                                2017, although its IT & Integration           exclusively in Germany, which has
  computing services is still a few years
                                                                Services revenue as a whole increased at      rigorous data protection regulations.
  behind the USA and Western Europe.
                                                                the lower rate of 3.3%.                       NTT’s cloud revenue growth has lifted the
  This, along with other less developed
                                                                                                              company’s profits since 2Q 2016, thanks
  cloud markets, such as India and                              The increased competitive pressure in         to the company’s focus on medium-to-
  Indonesia, is where the company sees                          Spain and Latin America meant that            large enterprises – a market segment
  its chance to capture further revenue                         Telefónica’s revenue declined in this area    that has not yet been locked up by the
  growth and gradually catch up with its                        in 2Q 2017 compared to a year earlier         largest cloud providers.
  competitors in IaaS. Alibaba Cloud is                         (see Figure 2). However, a positive
  one of the conglomerate’s fastest                             performance in IaaS and SaaS in Spain         Telecoms operators do not generally
  growing units and it is focusing on                           and the launch of new projects in Brazil in   disclose revenue from their cloud
  growth and international expansion,                           3Q 2017 translated into a year-on-year        offerings, suggesting that these typically
  rather than profitability.                                    revenue growth of 25.0% between 3Q            form a small proportion of overall
• IBM is not within the top-five                                2016 and 3Q 2017. Pricing pressures in        revenue. However, operators need not be
  companies by revenue in the IaaS                              the USA prompted AT&T and Verizon to          marginalised in the cloud market. They
  market – it makes most of its cloud                           sell off some of their data centres,          need to play on their strengths of local
  revenue from software-as-a-service                            because they could not compete on a cost      presence, existing relationships and
  (SaaS) and platform-as-a-service                              basis in the economy-of-scale public          having a good understanding of customer
  (PaaS) offerings. The same is true for                        cloud business.                               requirements, as well as connectivity
  Oracle, Salesforce and SAP.                                                                                 provision, to innovate and partner with IT
                                                                Deutsche Telekom is the market leader         specialists rather than try to imitate their
Some telecoms operators also report                             among telecoms operators that compete         service offerings.
significant growth in cloud revenue                             in the cloud space. Its IaaS services are
                                                                                                              The public IaaS, SaaS and PaaS cloud
                                                                                                              markets require large scale and it is
                                                                                                              therefore unlikely that telcos will be able
                                                                                                              to compete directly with Alphabet,
                        1,000      +11.4%                                                                     Amazon or Microsoft. However, telcos are
                                                     +15.8%
                                                                                                              well positioned to play a significant role in
                                                                                                              delivering managed data, security and
                         800
                                                                                                              private cloud services, as well as services
Revenue (USD billion)

                                                                                                              targeted at key industry verticals where
                         600                                                                                  they can differentiate themselves.

                         400

                                                                       -19.4%
                         200                                                             +16.7%                 Questions?
                                                                                                                Please feel free to contact
                                                                                                                         ´ Research Analyst, at
                                                                                                                Igor Babic,
                           0                                                                                    igor.babic@analysysmason.com
                                   Deutsche        NTT       Telefonica Cloud Rostelecom
                                Telekom Cloud Communications                  VAS and Cloud
                                                Group Cloud

FIGURE 2: CLOUD REVENUE AND YEAR-ON-YEAR GROWTH, BY SELECTED OPERATOR, 2Q 2017
[SOURCE: ANALYSYS MASON, 2017]

1
  Information taken from the companies’ financial reports and

                                                                                                                                                      12
press releases. Cloud revenue for Microsoft Azure and Google
Cloud and the revenue growth for Google Cloud are estimates
based on third-party reports.
Analysys Mason’s submarine
cable expertise

ANALYSYS MASON HAS WORKED WITH COMPANIES IN ALL PARTS OF THE SUBMARINE CABLE VALUE CHAIN

                                                                             Equipment suppliers

         Cable                 Cable               Cable             Terrestrial          Data Centre           End Users
       manufacturer          Installation         Operators          Operators

                                              Submarine cable systems finance
                                             including Government intervention

SELECTED RECENT WORLDWIDE PROJECTS INCLUDE

• Supported a sovereign investment fund in its evaluation of the     supply, interviews with major carriers and content providers, a
  Aqua Comms transatlantic submarine cable investment                reworking of the business plan, a validation of the opex and
  opportunity.                                                       capex requirements, and a 15 year projection of market share
• Assisted a EUR29.5 million collaborative initiative by two         and revenue, taking into account upgrades of existing systems
  governments to provide improved international connectivity for     and multiple potential new systems besides that of our client.
  the north west of Ireland. Acted as technical advisor during the • Provided assessment and financial valuation of the opportunity
  construction of the submarine and terrestrial elements of          for the national landing party of the GBI submarine cable
  Project Kelvin in the north west of Ireland and provided ongoing   system in a Gulf country, on behalf of an investor. We reviewed
  support during the operational phase which will continue until     the current national market situation regarding demand and
  to the end of December 2018.                                       supply for international connectivity, and used benchmarks to
• Carried out a feasibility study for a new submarine cable and      assess the current status and to inform forecast scenarios for
  gave recommendations on how to improve international               the market. These scenarios were developed in the form of
  connectivity for a Mediterranean country.                          future international traffic and pricing scenarios as well as
                                                                     market share scenarios for the cable system. We estimated
• Reviewed the business plan for a planned submarine cable
                                                                     opex and capex requirements in order to calculate the NPV of
  running between the USA and Brazil. The review included an
                                                                     the opportunity.
  analysis of the existing and expected competition along the
  route in question, as well as a bottom-up, long-term traffic     • Developed a model to determine the likely pricing and impact
  demand forecast. Revenue from the expected long-term sales,        of new regional submarine cables (Seacom, EASSy and WACS).
  as well as that from a sales pipeline we reviewed, was           • Reviewed the investment opportunity in the ACE and Main One
  compared to capital and operational cost estimates in order to     submarine cable systems in West Africa.
  evaluate the ability of the cable to recover financing costs.    • Performed due diligence for the Bahamas Telecommunications
• Performed due diligence on a new cable from the USA to a          Company (BTC) including the submarine cable facilities and
  specific country in South America for a debt financing company.   international business.
  Relevant activities included an initial review of the venture’s • Provided assistance in developing a business case to connect a
  business plan, an independent forecast of demand to the target    fibre link between Lerwick and an existing landing station on
  country and five neighbouring countries, an assessment of         the SHEFA2 cable system in the Shetland Islands.

13
Analysys Mason’s consulting and research
are uniquely positioned

Analysys Mason is a global consulting and research firm, specialising in telecoms, media and technology (TMT). Since 1985, Analysys
Mason has played an influential role in key industry milestones and has helped clients through major shifts in the market. We
continue to be at the forefront of developments in the digital economy and are advising clients on new business strategies to address
disruptive technologies.
See what clients have to say about working with us: www.analysysmason.com/client-testimonials

ABOUT OUR SERVICES
At Analysys Mason, we understand that clients in the TMT industry operate in dynamic markets where change is constant. Our
consulting and research has helped shape clients’ understanding of the future so that they can thrive in these demanding conditions.

CONSULTING
• We deliver tangible benefits to clients                                                         transformation
                                                                                             ital                                   IoT
  across the telecoms industry, including                                                 Dig
  communications and digital service
                                                                                                                                               B
  providers, vendors, financial and                                            ud                                                   CO
                                                                                                                                         NS

                                                                                                                                               ro
                                                                           o

  strategic investors, private equity and
                                                                         Cl

                                                                                                                                                 ad
  infrastructure funds, governments,

                                                                                                                                                   ba
                                                                                                  Consumer            Regulation

                                                                                                                                          UL

                                                                                                                                                     nd
  regulators, broadcasters and service                                                             services           and policy

                                                                                                                                                      TI
                                                                    on

                                                                                                                                                         NG
  and content providers.
                                                                sati

                                                                                  Enterprise
• Our sector specialists understand the                                            and IoT

                                                                                                                                                            Tower
                                                        Virtuali

  distinct local challenges facing clients,
  in addition to the wider effects of global
                                                                             Digital                                            Transaction

                                                                                                                                                                 s
  forces.                                                                   economy                                               support
• We are future-focused and help clients
  understand the challenges and                                                      Regional                                                               orks
                                                          S m ar

                                                                                                                                                       Data
  opportunities that new technology brings.                                          markets
                                                                                                                                                         etw
                                                                         RE
                                                             t cit

                                                                                                                                                            c

                                                                                                Telecoms              Strategy and
                                                                                                                                                       sn    ente
                                                                          SE
                                                                ie s

                                                                                              software and              planning
                                                                                                                                                    le s
                                                                           AR

                                                                                                                                                                 rs

RESEARCH                                                                                        networks
                                                                                     H
                                                                                                                                                   ire
                                                                           ru
                                                                                 C

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• Our dedicated analyst team tracks and                                     ta
                                                                         ct
                                                                          Da

                                                                                                                                                   C

                                                                                                                                    on
                                                                                 ce
                                                                                 e
  forecasts the fixed and mobile services                                      Sp                                                     ne
                                                                                    n   tre                                               5G
                                                                                                                                        cti
  accessed by consumers and enterprises.                                                      s  nd                                        vity
                                                                                                                             edia
                                                                                              dba
• We offer detailed insight into the                                                      Broa       S p e ctr    Content
                                                                                                                         M
                                                                                                                 um
  software, infrastructure and technology
  that deliver those services.

                                                “
• Clients benefit from regular and timely
  intelligence, and direct access to                  Analysys Mason is a global consulting and research firm, specialising in
  analysts.                                      telecoms, media and technology (TMT). Since 1985, Analysys Mason has
                                                 played an influential role in key industry milestones and has helped clients
                                                 through major shifts in the market. We continue to be at the forefront of
                                                 developments in the digital economy and are advising clients on new business

                                                                                                                       ”
                                                 strategies to address disruptive technologies.

                                                                                                                                                                      14
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