Role of State Government Departments / Agencies in Disaster Management
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Orissa Review * January - 2004
Role of State Government Departments /
Agencies in Disaster Management
General Preparedness provision of credit facilities, proper
storage of seeds, etc.
v Each Department and Government agency
involved in Disaster Management and v Hazard area mapping (identification of
mitigation will: areas endemic to pest infections, drought,
flood, and other hazards).
v Designate a Nodal officer for emergency
response and will act as the contact person v Develop database village-wise, crop-
for that department/agency. wise, irrigation source wise, insurance
details, credit facilities, etc.
v Ensure establishment of fail-safe two-way
communication with the state, district and v Regular monitoring at block level; the
other emergency control rooms and within distribution and variation in rainfall.
the organisation. Prepare the farmers and department
officers to adopt contingency measures and
v Emphasis on communication systems used
take up appropriate course of action
regularly during LO with more focus on
corresponding to the different emerging
the use of VHFs with automatic repeaters,
conditions.
mobile phones with publicised numbers,
HF radio sets etc. It should be remembered v Detail response manuals to be drawn up
that SAT phones fail during prolonged for advising the farmers for different types
emergencies and electric failure if the of disasters, e.g., rain failure in July or
phones cannot be re-charged. September & development of a dynamic
response plan taking into account weekly
v Work under the overall supervision of the
rainfall patterns.
SRC / the district Collectors during
emergencies. v Develop IEC materials to advise the
farming communities on cropping practices
2. Agriculture
and precautionary measures to be
Prevention Activities: undertaken during various disasters.
v Awareness generation regarding various v Improving irrigation facilities, watershed
plant diseases, alternate cropping practices management, soil conservation and other
in disaster-prone areas, Crop Insurance, soil, water and fertility management
72Orissa Review * January - 2004
measures keeping in mind the local agro- v Rapid assessment of the extent of damage
climatic conditions and the proneness of to soil, crop, plantation, irrigation systems,
the area to specific hazards. drainage, embankment, other water bodies
v Promotion of alternative crop species and and storage facilities and the requirements
cropping patterns keeping in mind the to salvage, re-plant, or to compensate and
vulnerability of areas to specific hazards. report the same for ensuring early supply
of seeds and other agro inputs necessary
v Surveillance for pests and crop diseases
for re-initiating agricultural activities
and encourage early reporting.
where crops have been damaged.
v Encourage promotion of agro service
v Establishment of public information
outlets/enterprise for common facilities,
seed and agro input store and crop centres with appropriate and modern
insurance. means of communication, to assist farmers
in providing information regarding
Preparedness Activities before disaster insurance, compensation, repair of agro
seasons equipments and restarting of agricultural
v Review and update precautionary activities at the earliest.
measures and procedures and especially Recovery Activities
ascertain that adequate stock of seeds and
other agro inputs are available in areas v Arrange for early payment of
prone to natural calamities. compensation and crop insurance dues.
v Review the proper functioning of rain v Facilitate provision of seeds and other
gauge stations, have stock for immediate agro inputs.
replacement of broken / non-functioning v Promotion of drought and flood tolerant
gadgets/equipments, record on a daily seed varieties.
basis rainfall data, evaluate the variation
from the average rainfall and match it with v Review with the community, the identified
the rainfall needs of existing crops to ensure vulnerabilities and risks for crops, specific
early prediction of droughts. species, areas, which are vulnerable to
repetitive floods, droughts, other natural
Response Activities:
hazards, water logging, increase in salinity,
v Management of control activities pest attacks etc. and draw up alternative
following crop damage, pest infestation and cropping plans to minimise impacts to
crop disease to minimise losses. various risks.
v Collection, laboratory testing and analysis v Facilitate sanctioning of soft loans for farm
of viruses to ensure their control and implements.
eradication.
v Establishment of a larger network of soil
v Pre-positioning of seeds and other agro
and water testing laboratories.
inputs in strategic points so that stocks are
readily available to replace damage caused v Establishment of pests and disease
by natural calamities. monitoring system.
73Orissa Review * January - 2004
v Training in alternative cropping v Training and IEC activities
techniques, mixed cropping and other v Training of field personnel, Traditional
agricultural practices which will minimise Birth Attendants, community leaders,
crop losses during future disasters. volunteers, NGOs and CBOs in first aid,
3. Health Department measures to be taken to control outbreak
of epidemics during and after a disaster,
3.1. Disaster Events
etc.
Prevention Activities:
v Arrangement of standby generators for
v Assess preparedness levels at State, every hospitals.
Distict and Block levels.
v Listing of vehicles, repair of departmental
v Identification of areas endemic to vehicles that will be requisitioned during
epidemics and natural disasters. emergencies for transport of injured.
v Identification of appropriate locations for Prepardness Activities before Disaster
testing laboratories. Seasons
v Listing and networking with private health v For heat wave : preparation and
facilities. distribution of IEC materials, distribution
v Developing a network of volunteers for of ORS and other life-saving drugs, training
blood donation with blood grouping data. of field personnel on measures to be taken
for management of patients suspected to be
v Strengthening of disease surveillance, suffering from heatstroke;
ensuring regular reporting from the field
v For flood and cyclone : Assessment and
level workers (ANMs/LHV etc) and its
stock pilling of essential medicines, anti
compilation and analysis at the PHC and
snake venom, halogen tablets, bleaching
District levels, on a weekly basis (daily
powders. ORS tablets, Pre-positioning of
basis in case of an epidemic or during
mobile units at vulnerable and strategic
natural disasters), forwarding the same to
points.
the State Disease Surveillance Cell and
monthly feed back from the State to the Response activities:
district and from the District to the PHC. v Stock piling of life-saving drugs, de-
v Formation of adequate number of mobile toxicants, anaesthesia, Halogen tablets in
units with trained personnel, testing vulnerable areas.
facilities, communication systems and v Strengthening of drug supply system with
emergency treatment facilities. powers for local purchase during LO.
v Identification of locations in probable v Situational assessment and reviewing the
disaster sites for emergency operation status of response mechanisms in known
camps. vulnerable pockets.
v Awareness generation about various v Ensure adequate availability of personnel
infectious diseases and their prevention. in disaster sites.
74Orissa Review * January - 2004
v Review and update precautionary v Promotion of personal and community
measures and procedures, and apprise the latrines.
personnel who will be implementing those. v Sanitation of sewage and drainage systems.
v Sanitation v Development of proper solid waste
v Dispensing with post-mortem activities management systems.
during L1, L2 and L3 when the relatives v Surveillance and spraying of water bodies
and/or the competent authority is satisfied for control of malaria.
about cause of death.
v Promoting and’strengthening Primary
v Disinfections of water bodies and drinking Health Centres with network of para-
water sources. professionals to improve the capacity of
v Immunization against infectious diseases. surveillance and control of epidemics.
v Establishing testing laboratories at
v Ensure continuous flow of information.
appropriate locations to reduce the time
Recovery Activities taken for early diagnosis and subsequent
v Continuation of disease surveillance and warning.
monitoring. v Establishing procedures and methods of
v Continuation of treatment, monitoring and coordination with the Health Department,
other local authorities/departments and
other epidemic control activities till the
NGOs to ensure that adequate prevention
situation is brought under control and the
and preparedness measures have been
epidemic eradicated.
taken to prevent and / or minimise the
v Trauma counselling. probable outbreak of epidemics.
v Treatment and socio-medical v Identification of areas prone to certain
rehabilitation of injured or disabled epidemics and assessment of requirements
persons. to control and ultimately eradicate the
epidemic.
v Immunisation and nutritional surveillance.
v Identification of appropriate locations and
v Long term plans to progressively reduce setting up of site operation camps for
various factors that contribute to high level combating epidemics.
of vulnerability to diseases of population
affected by disasters. v Listing and identification of vehicles to be
requisitioned for transport of injured
3.2 Epidemics animals.
Preventive Activities: v Vaccination of the animals and
v Supply of safe drinking water, water identification of campsites in the probable
quality monitoring and improved sanitation. areas.
v Vector Control programme as a part of v Promotion of animal insurance.
overall community sanitation activities. v Tagging of animals
75Orissa Review * January - 2004
v Arrangement of standby generators for in providing an organised source of
veterinary hospitals. information.
v Provision in each hospital for receiving v Mobilising community participation for
large number of livestock at a time. carcass disposal.
v Training of community members in Recovery Activities:
carcasses disposal.
v Assess losses of animals assets and needs
Preparedness activities before disaster of persons and communities.
seasons
v Play a facilitating role for early approval
v Stock piling of water, fodder and animal of soft loans for buying animals and
feed.
v ensuring insurance coverage and disaster-
v Pre-arrangements for tie-up with fodder proof housing or alternative shelters/
supply units. mounds for animals for future emergencies.
v Stock-piling of surgical packets. v Establishment of animal disease
v Construction of mounds for safe shelter of surveillance system.
animals. 5. Water Supplies and Sanitation (Public
v Identification of various water sources to Health Engineering & Rural Water
be used by animals in case of prolonged Supply & Sanitation)
hot and dry spells. Prevention Activities:
v Training of volunteers & creation of local v Provision of safe water to all habitats.
units for carcass disposal.
v Clearance of drains and sewerage systems,
v Municipalities/Gram Panchayats/ BDOs to particularly in the urban areas.
be given responsibility for removing
animals likely to become health hazards. Preparedness Activities for disaster seasons
Response Activities: v Prior arrangement of water tankers and
other means of distribution and storage of
v Eradication and control of animal diseases, water.
treatment of injured animals ~ Protection
of abandoned and lost cattle. v Prior arrangement of stand-by generators.
v Supply of medicines and fodder to affected v Adequate prior arrangements to provide
areas. water and halogen tablets at identified
sites to used as relief camps or in areas
v Ensure adequate availability of personnel with high probability to be affected by
and mobile team.
natural calamities.
v Disposal of carcasses ensuring proper
v Raising of tube-well platforms,
sanitation to avoid outbreak of epidemics.
improvement in sanitation structures and
v Establishment of public information centre other infrastructural measures to ensure
with a means of communication, to assist least damages during future disasters.
76Orissa Review * January - 2004
v Riser pipes to be given to villagers. training and drills for effective handling
of these equipments.
Response Activities:
v Focus on better training and equipments
v Disinfections and continuous monitoring of
for ODRAF for all types of disasters, e.g.
water bodies.
diving equipments.
v Ensuring provision of water to hospitals
v Rotation of members of ODRAF so that
and other vital installations.
the force remains fighting fit.
v Provision to acquire tankers and establish
v Ensure that all communication equipments
other temporary means of distributing
including wireless are regularly functioning
water on an emergency basis.
and deployment of extra wireless units in
v Arrangement and distribution of emergency vulnerable pockets.
tool kits for equipments required for
v Ensure interchangibility of VHF
dismantling and assembling tubewells, etc.
communication sets of police and OSDMA
v Carrying out emergency repairs of supplied units, if required.
damaged water supply systems.
v Keeping close contact with the District
v Disinfection of hand pumps to be done by Administration & Emergency Officer.
the communities through prior awareness v Superintendent of Police be made Vice
activities & supply of inputs. Chairperson of District Natural Calamity
Recovery Activities: Committee.
v Strengthening of infrastructure. v Involvement of the local army units in
response planning activities and during the
v Review and documentation.
preparation of the annual contingency plans
v Sharing of experiences and lessons learnt. to ensure logistics and other support to
v Training to staff. armed forces during emergencies.
v Development of checklists and Response Plan:
contingency plans. v Security arrangements for relief materials
6. Police: in transit and in camps etc.
Prevention Activities: v Senior police officers to be deployed in
control rooms at State & district levels
v Keep the force in general and the ODRAF during L 1 level deployment onwards.
in particular fighting fit for search, rescue,
evacuation and other emergency operations v Deploy personnel to guard vulnerable
at all times through regular drills. embankments and at other risk points.
v Procurement and deployment of modern v Arrangement for the safety.
emergency equipments while modernising v Coordinate search, rescue and evacuation
existing infrastructure and equipments for operations in coordination with the
disaster response along with regular administration
77Orissa Review * January - 2004
v Emergency traffic management. v Identification of pockets, industry , etc.
v Maintenance of law and order in the which highly susceptible to fire accidents
affected areas. or areas, events which might lead to fires,
building collapse, etc. and educate people
v Assist administration in taking necessary
to adopt safety measures. Conduct training
action against hoarders, black marketers
and drills to ensure higher level of
etc.
prevention and preparedness.
7. Civil Defence
v Building awareness in use of various fire
Prevention Activities protection and preventive systems.
v Organise training programmes on first-aid, v Training the communities to handle fire
search, rescue and evacuation.
emergencies more effectively.
v Preparation and implementation of first
v VHF network for fire services linked with
aid, search and rescue service plans for
major public events in the State. revenue & police networks.
v Remain fit and prepared through regular v Training of masons & engineers in fire-
drills and exercises at all times. proof techniques.
Response Activities v Making clearance of building plans by fire
services mandatory.
v Act as Support agency for provision of first
aid, search and rescue services to other Response Activities:
emergency service agencies and the public. v Rescue of persons trapped in burning,
v Act as support agency for movement of collapsed or damaged buildings, damaged
relief. vehicles, including motor vehicles, trains
v Triage of casualties and provision of first and aircrafts, industries, boilers and
aid and treatment. pressure vessels, trenches and tunnels.
v Work in co-ordination with medical v Control of fires and minimising damages
assistance team. due to explosions.
v Help the Police for traffic management and v Control of other dangerous or hazardous
law and order. situations such as oil, gas and hazardous
8. Fire Services: materials spill.
Prevention Activities: v Protection of property and the environment
from fire damage.
v Development/enforcement of relevant
legislations and regulations to enhance v Support to other agencies in the response
adoption of fire safety measures. to emergencies.
v Modernisation of fire-fighting equipments v Investigation into the causes of fire and
and strengthening infrastructure. assist in damage assesment.
78Orissa Review * January - 2004
9. Civil Supplies: v Mobilisation of community assistance for
Preventive Activities clearing blocked roads.
v Construction and maintenance of storage v Facilitate movement of heavy vehicles
godowns at strategic locations. carrying equipments and materials.
v Stock piling of food and essential v Identification and notification of alternative
commodities in anticipation of disaster. routes to strategic locations.
v Take appropriate preservative methods to v Filling of ditches, disposal of debris, and
ensure that food and other relief stock are cutting of uprooted trees along the road.
not damaged during storage, especially v Arrangement of emergency tool kit for
precautions against moisture, rodents and every section at the divisional levels for
fungus infestation. activities like clearance (power saws),
Response Activities debris clearance (fork lifter) and other tools
for repair and maintenance of all disaster
v Management of procurement response equipments.
v Management of material movement Recovery Activities:
v Inventory management v Strengthening and restoration of
Recovery Activities infrastructure with an objective to eliminate
the factor(s) which caused the damage.
v Conversion of stored, unutilised relief
stocks automatically into other schemes v Review and documentation.
like Food for Work. Wherever, it is not v Sharing of experiences and lessons learnt.
done leading to damage of stock, it should
be viewed seriously. v Training to staff.
10. Works/ Rural Development Departments v Development of checklists and
contingency plans.
Prevention Activities :
11. Energy:
v Keep a list of earth moving and clearing
vehichles / equipments (available with Prevention Activities:
Govt. Departments, PSUs, and private v Identification of materials/tool kits
contractors, etc.) and formulate a plan to required for emergency response.
mobilise those at the earliest.
v Ensure and educate the minimum safety
v Inspection and emergency repair of roads/ standards to be adopted for electrical
bridges, public utilities and buildings. installation and equipments and organise
Response Activities training of electricians accordingly.
v Clearing of roads and establish v Develop and administer regulations to
connectivity. Restore roads, bridges and ensure safety of electrical accessories and
where necessary make alternate electrical installations.
arrangements to open the roads to traffic v Train and have a contingency plan to
at the earliest. ensure early electricity supply to essential
79Orissa Review * January - 2004
services during emergencies and v Restore electricity to the affected area as
restoration of electric supply at an early quickly as possible.
date.
v Replace / restore of damaged poles/
v Develop and administer code of practice salvaging of conductors and insulators.
for power line clearance to avoid
electrocution due to broken / fallen wires. 12. Water Resources Department:
v Strengthen high-tension cable towers to Prevention Activities:
withstand high wind speed, flooding and v Assess preparedness level.
earthquake, modernise electric installation,
strengthen electric distribution system to v Annual assessment of danger levels &
ensure minimum damages during natural wide publicity of those levels.
calamities. v Identify flood prone rivers and areas and
v Conduct public/industry awareness activate flood monitoring mechanisms.
campaigns to prevent electric accidents v Provide water level gauge at critical
during normal times and during and after a
points along the rivers, dams and tanks.
natural disaster.
v Identify and maintain of materials/tool kits
Response Activities:
required for emergency response.
v Disconnect electricity after receipt of
warning. v Stock-pile of sand bags and other
necessary items for breach closure at the
v Attend sites of electrical accidents and
Panchayat level.
assist in undertaking damage assessment.
Response Activities:
v Stand-by arrangements to ensure
temporary electricity supply. v Monitoring flood situation.
v Prior planning & necessary arrangements v Dissemination of flood warning.
for tapping private power plants like those
v Ensure accurate dissemination of warning
belonging to ICCL, NALCO, RSP during
messages naming GPs & Tehsils with
emergencies to ensure uninterrupted power
supply to the Secretariat, SRC, OSDMA, details of flow & likely damage.
Police Headquarters, All India Radio, v Monitoring and protection of irrigation
Doordarshan, hospitals, medical colleges, infrastructures.
Collectorate Control Rooms and other vital
emergency response agencies. v Inspection of bunds of dams, irrigation
channels, bridges, culverts, control gates
v Inspection and repair of high tension lines and overflow channels.
/substations/transformers/poles etc.
v Inspection and repair of pumps, generator,
v Ensure the public and other agencies are
motor equipments, station buildings.
safeguarded from any hazards, which may
have occurred because of damage to v Community mobilisation in breach closure
electricity distribution systems. Recovery Activities:
80Orissa Review * January - 2004
v Strengthening of infrastructure and human Recovery Activities
resources. v Provide compensations and advice to
v Review and documentation. affected individuals, community.
v Sharing of experiences and lessons learnt. v Plan for rehabilitation in the long run of
the fisherfolk including resettlement,
v Training of staff.
insurance, better boats, nets, etc., improved
v Development of checklists and contingency communication system as a part of the
plans. communication hub for warning
13. Fisheries dissemination, especially for marine
fishermen and fishing communities
Prevention Activities residing in high-risk areas.
v Registration of boats and fishermen. 14. Forest Department
v Building community awareness on weather Prevention activities
phenomena and warning system especially
v Promotion of shelter belt plantation.
on Do’s and Don’ts on receipt of weather
related warnings. v Publishing for public knowledge details
of forest cover, use of land under the forest
v Assist in providing life saving items like
department, the rate of depletion and its
life jackets, hand radios, etc.
causes.
v Certifying the usability of all boats and
v Keep saws (both power and manual) in
notifying their carrying capacities. working conditions.
v Capacity building of traditional fishermen v Provision of seedling to the community and
and improvisation of of traditional boats encouraging plantation activities,
which can be used during emergencies. promoting nurseries for providing
v Train up young fishermen in search & seedlings in case of destruction of trees
rescue operation and hire their services during natural disasters.
during emergency. 15. Transport Department:
Response Activities Prevention Activities
v Ensure warning dissemination to fishing v Listing of vehicles which can be used for
communities living in vulnerable pockets. emergency operation.
v Responsible for mobilising boats during v Safety accreditation, enforcement and
emergencies and for payment of wages to compliance.
boatmen hired during emergencies.
v Ensuring vehicles follow accepted safety
v Support in mobilisation and additional standards.
deployment of boats during emergencies.
v Build awareness on road safety and traffic
v Assess the losses of fisheries and rules through awareness campaign, use of
aquaculture assets and the needs of persons different IEC strategies and training to
and communities affected by emergency. school children.
81Orissa Review * January - 2004
v Ensure proper enforcement of safety v Public awareness on various aspects of
regulations Response Activities. disaster management.
v Requisition vehicles, trucks, and other v Organise mock drills.
means of transport to help in the emergency v Promote and support community-based
operations. disaster management plans.
v Participate in post impact assessment of v Support strengthening response
emergency situation. mechanisms at the G.P. level (e.g., better
v Support in search, rescue and first aid. communication, local storage, search &
v Failure to cooperate and misappropriation rescue equipments, etc.).
of relief materials to invite disqualification v Clean drainage channels, organise through
from the post. community participation trimming of
Recovery Activities branches before cyclone season.
v Provision of personal support services e.g. v Ensure alternative routes/means of
Counselling. communication for movement of relief
materials and personnel to marooned areas
v Repair/restoration of infrastructure e.g. or areas likely to be marooned.
roads, bridges, public amenities.
v Assist all the government departments to
v Supporting the G.Ps in development of plan and prioritise prevention and
storage and in playing a key role and in the preparedness activities while ensuring
coordination of management and active community participation.
distribution of relief and rehabilitation
materials the Panchayat Samity and GP Response Activities
members to be trained to act as an effective v Train up the G.P. Members and Support
interface between the community, NGOs, for timely and appropriate delivery of
and other developmental organisations. warning to the community.
v Provide training so that the elected v Clearance of blocked drains and roads,
representatives can act as effectives including tree removal in the villages.
supportive agencies for reconstruction and v Construct alternative temporary roads to
recovery activities. restore communication to the villages.
16. Panchayati Raj v PRls to be a part of the damage survey
Preventive Activities and relief distribution teams to ensure
v Develop prevention/mitigation strategies popular participation.
for risk reduction at community level. v Operationalise emergency relief centres
v Training of elected representatives on and emergency shelter.
various aspects of disaster management. v Sanitation, drinking water and medical aid
v President, Zilla Parishad to be made arrangements.
member of District Natural Calamity v IEC activities for greater awareness
Committee. regarding the role of trees and forests for
82Orissa Review * January - 2004
protection during emergencies and also to v Media report & feedback to field officials
minimise environmental impact which on a daily basis from L1 onwards.
results owing to deforestation like climate v Keep the public informed about the latest
change, soil erosion, etc. of the emergency situation (area affected,
v Increasing involvement of the community, lives lost, etc).
NGOs and CBOs in plantation, protection v Keep the public informed about various
and other forest protection, rejuvenation post-disaster assistances and recovery
and restoration activities. programmes.
v Plan for reducing the incidence, and mini 18. Revenue Department
mise the impact of forest fire.
v Co-ordination with Govt. of India
Response Activities :
v Overall control & supervision
v Assist in road clearance.
v Damage assessment, finalisation of reports
v Provision of tree cutting equipments. and declaration of L1/L2 disasters
v Units for tree cutting and disposal to be v Mobilisation of finance
put under the control of OSDMA, SRC,
Collector during L1. 19. Home Department
v Provision of building materials such as v Requisition, deployment and providing
bamboos etc for construction of shelters. necessary logistic support to the armed
forces.
Recovery Activities :
v Provide maps for air dropping, etc.
v Take up plantation to make good the
damage caused to tree cover. 20. Orissa Disaster Rapid Action Force
17. Information & Public Relations Response
Department v To be trained and equipped as an elite
Prevention Activities force within the Police Department and
have the capacity to immediately respond
v Creation of public awareness regarding to any emergency.
various types of disasters through media
campaigns. v Unit to be equipped with life saving,
search & rescue equipments, medical
v Dissemination of information to public and supplies, security arrangements,
others concerned regarding do’s and don’ts communication facilities and emergency
of various disasters. rations and be self-sufficient.
v Regular liasioning with the media. v Trained in latest techniques of search,
Response Activities rescue and communication in collaboration
v Setting up of a control room to provide with international agencies.
authentic information to public regarding v Co-opt doctors into the team.
impending emergencies.
v Daily press briefings at fixed times at state
& district levels to provide official version
(during LO also). Courtesy : OSDMA
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