REGIONAL STRATEGIC OVERVIEW 2020-2021 - 3RP Syria Crisis
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REGIONAL
STRATEGIC
OVERVIEW
2020 -2021
NOTE The figures and information contained
in this document are in draft form and REGIONAL
REFUGEE &
subject to amendment as the 3RP RESILIENCE PLAN
country chapters are finalized IN RESPONSE TO THE SYRIA CRISIS
FOREWORD
SYRIA
CRISIS 76,556 Syrian refugees
submitted for resettlement
TIMELINE or humanitarian admission
2017
(highest annual figure at January – Helsinki The situation in Syria continues to drive the largest refugee crisis in the world. Globally, Syria remains the main
any point in the Syria crisis) Conference on Supporting
Syrians and the Region country of origin of refugees, making up a quarter of all refugees in the world. Syrians have found asylum in
2011 - Launch of the
2017- 2018 3RP 127 countries, but the vast majority fled to the neighbouring countries – Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq and
Egypt.
September – Summit on
Migration and
Displacement, New York These countries and communities have generously hosted refugees, and in the process, made an invaluable
March – Up to 5,000 refugees flee
to Lebanon. contribution to regional and international stability. This has come at an unprecedented cost, however,
May – World
Humanitarian Forum, One million Syrian exacerbating pre-existing vulnerabilities, overstretching basic social services, and reversing years of hard-
Istanbul refugee children
in formal won development gains. Today, several host country governments continue to confront heightened economic
education
and financial challenges, whilst undertaking difficult reforms.
Livelihoods
reaches more than
May – First camps for refugees 100,000 individuals
open in Turkey. Over the last five years, the international community has strived to assist both affected populations and
February – Supporting 2.5 million host governments. The Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP), co-led by UNHCR and UNDP, remains
Syria and the Region individuals
Conference, London receiving food the cornerstone of this support, bringing together over 270 partners into a unified plan, driving innovation in
assistance
policy and programming and successfully channelling over USD$14 billion in funding.
2016
As we enter 2020, there are over 5.6 million Syrian refugees across the region. Supporting refugees and the
December – 490,280
Syrians arrived by sea to communities hosting them remains extremely challenging, with many individuals facing acute needs and
2012 Europe in 2015 Over 2.5 million
Syrian refugees vulnerabilities. Some 70 per cent of Syrian refugees live in poverty, while unemployment and uneven access
(500,000
November – Resilience households) to basic services, such as education, persist. Many in host communities, living side-by-side with refugees, face
May – Large increase in Syrian Development Forum and receiving
refugees registered in Egypt launch of the Dead Sea unconditional,
similar problems.
Resilience Agenda sector-specific
or emergency
More than half cash assistance This year’s 3RP offers a US$5.4 billion comprehensive plan in support of national priorities. This includes
a million children
enrolled in formal working together to ensure that refugees have continued access to asylum and international protection, that
July – Zaatari camp opens in education
Jordan basic needs of refugees and affected host community members can be met in safety and dignity and that
September – Launch of 2018
the EU Facility for those with specific needs receive specialized services and support. 3RP partners strive to build resilience at all
Refugees in Turkey April – Five levels, ensuring increased opportunities for self-reliance, and helping to strengthen the capacity of national
million Syrian
December – Neighbouring July – Four million Syrian refugees and local institutions to more effectively address current and future needs.
countries host 500,000 refugees. refugees
The first Regional Response Plan
(RRP) for Syrian refugees in The 3RP community is also looking to the future. Underpinned by the strong co-leadership between UNHCR
2019
Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq
and Egypt is launched. 2015 and UNDP, the 3RP will continue to strengthen the refugee and resilience response and look to play its part in
Over one million
Syrian refugee
advancing the Global Compact for Refugees (GCR) and contribute to the implementation of the Sustainable
December – First babies born Development Goals (SDGs) in a way that leaves no one behind. Enhanced collaboration with bilateral partners,
2013 Regional Refugee and in neighbouring
January – First International Resilience Plan (3RP) countries. International Financial Institutions and the private sector will remain critical in forwarding these aims.
Humanitarian Pledging launched in Berlin,
Conference for Syria, Kuwait City with over 200 February, Jordan –
humanitarian and Growth and Opportunity
development partners As in pre vious ye ars, we re main grate ful for the ge ne rosity and support of our donors who allow the 3RP to re ach
Conference
vulnerable people across the region. With the crisis entering its tenth year, our message to the international
March – community is that we need you to stay the course and show continued support and solidarity with the Syrian
Brussels
conference people, host communities and host countries until durable solutions are realized and a political solution to
More than 1 million
individuals provided the Syria crisis is found.
with core relief items
to meet their
basic needs
September – Two million Syrian
refugees April – One million June – Number of work
refugees in Lebanon permits issued for
Syrian refugees in
Jordan & Turkey
Partners surpass passes >150,0000
2014
3.5 million primary
health care
consultations
in a year
Mourad Wahba Amin Awad
Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations, UNHCR Director for the Middle East and
Assistant Administrator of UNDP and Director North Africa Bureau and Regional Refugee
of the UNDP Regional Bureau for Arab States Coordinator for the Syria and Iraq situations
Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021
REGIONAL
STRATEGIC 3| Table of Contents
OVERVIEW
4| Response Summary
2 0 2 0 - 2021 6| Situation Overview
8| Strategic Directions
Introduction 8
Promoting Resilience for all
/ Leaving no one behind 9
Protecting People 10
Pursuing Durable Solutions 11
Supporting Dignified Lives 12
Enhancing Local & National Capacities 13
3RP & the Global Compact
on Refugees (GCR) 14
3RP & the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) 15
Key Regional Aspects of the Response 16
18 | Assessments & Tools
20 | Regional
Country Chapters
Sector Overview 21
Turkey 22
Lebanon 24
Jordan 26
Iraq 28
Egypt 30
32 | 3RP Appealing Partners
2 Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021 Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021 3
Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP)
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Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021
S IT U ATIO N
Alia and her husband own the first Turkish Delight
factory in Jordan. The factory is based in Ramtha and
their products are sold in a number of locations across
OVER VIE W
the Kingdom and in the region.
Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq and Egypt opportunities, access to shelter and access
continue to generously host over 5.6 million to basic services. Meanwhile, gender analysis
refugees as of the end of 2019. There was of returns has shown that women and girls
no major influx of new refugees into these confront disproportionate risks.
host countries during the year as borders
and admission practices remained closely Resettlement remained an important yet Some host countries, such as Lebanon and
managed. However, some 17,500 Syrians were limited option in 2019, continuing the Jordan, also confront high financial pressures.
displaced into the Kurdistan Region of Iraq as downward trend of previous years. Some In Lebanon, public debt stands at 150 per cent
a result of an increase in hostilities in north- 23,0000 people Syrians have been referred for of GDP and remains high in Jordan at around
east Syria as of 1 December. While no country resettlement as of 1 December, representing 94 per cent of GDP. These developments
saw a substantial decrease in registered Syrian a 70 per cent reduction from 2016. The global unavoidably place additional pressure on host
refugees, others saw modest net increases, decrease in the number of resettlement governments’ ability to sustain the provision of
primarily as a result of new registrations, places available and a shifting of resettlement basic social services to all those in need whilst
particularly new-borns. opportunities to other global priority situations the worsening of socio-economic conditions
are the primary drivers for the decrease, even may also exacerbate tensions between refugee
Since the beginning of 2019, there has been a though resettlement needs of Syrians in the and host communities in some countries.
relative increase in the number of spontaneous host countries in the region remain high. To tackle such challenges, governments are
voluntary refugee returns to Syria. As of 1 undertaking difficult reforms. Meanwhile, in
December, over 90,000 Syrian refugees have Against the backdrop of an evolving context based violence, child labour, and exploitation Vulnerabilities among host communities also countries due to multiple gendered barriers in Turkey and elsewhere, sustained support is
spontaneously and voluntarily returned to in Syria and across the region, 3RP partners are liable to worsen, while the use of negative remains significant. At the same time, host accessing the economy. required to respond to the increase in demand
Syria, an increase of over 60 per cent compared expect a fluid situation throughout 2020. coping mechanisms may rise. countries continue to contend with a range of for basic services.
to the same timeframe in 2018. These figures Nonetheless, for the purposes of 3RP planning, economic and social challenges. Economic
are based on government sources and direct it is projected that the registered Syrian refugee growth remains slow in some countries and Notwithstanding the generous and continuous
observation by UNHCR. The actual number population in Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq unemployment remains a major concern, In Turkey, joblessness among international support provided through the
may be significantly higher. To date, Aleppo and Egypt will remain approximately at current Some 70 per cent of Syrian reaching 25 per cent in Lebanon and hovering people aged 15-24 has been 3RP, and other international and bilateral
and Dar’a are the two main governorates of levels, with some modest increases due to new refugees live in poverty, above 10 percent in other host countries. on the rise, reaching a record channels, the funding environment for the
origin for refugee returnees, followed by Rural registrations as well as further spontaneous while unemployment Recent trends in youth unemployment are 27.1 % in July 2019. In Jordan, Syria refugee and resilience response remains
Damascus and Homs. voluntary returns expected. and uneven access to particularly worrisome: In Turkey, joblessness youth unemployment stood challenging undetermined, particularly
education and other basic among people aged 15-24 has been on the rise, at 40.1 % for the first quarter mobilizing resources at the scale necessary
Return intention surveys conducted in early Despite the generosity of host countries and services persist. reaching a record 27.1 per cent in July 2019. In of 2019. to systematically tackle socio-economic
2019 in Egypt, Lebanon, Iraq and Jordan found communities, Syrian refugees continue to Jordan, youth unemployment stood at 40.1 challenges in host countries and ensure
that 75 per cent of Syrian refugees hoped to face challenges across the region. Some 70 per cent for the first quarter of 2019. Poverty continuous support to the strengthening of
return to Syria one day. However, 69 per cent per cent of Syrian refugees live in poverty, rates, according to national measures, also national and local service delivery systems
of respondents did not foresee a return to Syria while unemployment and uneven access to remain high, with a third of the population and the expansion of job and other economic
in the following 12 months. The key issues education and other basic services persist. As living in poverty in some countries. Female opportunities, particularly for the most
highlighted as influencing return intentions more refugees remain in poverty, protection unemployment tends to be higher in some vulnerable.
included safety and security, livelihoods risks such as early marriage, sexual and gender-
Poverty Rates
UNHCR recorded Resettlement Needs
> 150,000 in the Host Countries in 2019
90,817 work permits issued
self-spontaneous
returns in 2019
10 %
of Syrian refugees are in
0.5 %
of Syrian refugees will be
to Syrian refugees
in Jordan and Turkey 33 % 15.7 % 17.9 % 32 %
need of resettlement and submitted for resettlement – since 2016
meet resettlement criteria. only one in 20 of those in need. Lebanon Jordan Iraq Egypt
6 Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021
Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP)
Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021 STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS
2020-2021
S TR AT E GIC PROMOTING RESILIENCE FOR ALL
DIR ECTIO NS / LEAVING NO ONE BEHIND
During the second half of 2019, 3RP partners In support of host countries in the region, development and ensure that the 3RP’s The Resilience Approach remains central to the regional and of vulnerabilities and collective, context-specific resilience-
undertook a consultative regional process to 3RP partners will seek to contribute to implementation is in line with national host country-level responses to the Syria crisis. Resilience building outcomes across affected populations, areas,
define new regional strategic directions. This the achievement of four regional strategic priorities and complementary to national is defined as the ability of individuals, households, sectors and institutions. The inter-sectoral results and M&E
process was launched in recognition of several directions for the benefit of refugees and host efforts. This includes advancing the Global communities and institutions to anticipate, withstand, frameworks in Lebanon and Turkey response plans are
factors, including many of the previous communities. The new strategic directions are Compact for Refugees (GCR) and contribution recover and transform from shocks and crises, natural or important examples of work in this direction.
strategic directions are now firmly embedded set out in the graphic below and in the following to the implementation of the Sustainable man-made. The Resilience Approach calls upon all actors on
in the response, the importance of focusing pages. Through all efforts, 3RP partners will Development Goals (SDGs), in line with national the ground to think and work together in a synergetic manner During 2020-2021, 3RP partners are committed to strengthen
on collective impact, and the opportunity seek to promote resilience for all, guided by the priorities. to build these capacities. The Resilience Approach recognizes the Resilience Approach in their work, ensuring that programs
to further harness global frameworks, such principle that ‘no one is left behind’. the critical role of conflict-sensitivity and the importance of leave no one behind and continued implementation of the
as the Global Compact for Refugees and the The regional strategic directions set the efforts to support social cohesion and stability. HDNP nexus.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Progress towards the strategic directions overall high-level parameters for the regional
Agenda 2030, to move the response forward rests on several building blocks that response and articulate the impact which 3RP The 3RP has brought more than 270 humanitarian and Joint Programming at the
as the regional context continues to evolve. inform programming, advocacy, and policy partners strive to make. These directions are development partners together under a single, coordinated Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus
interlinked and interdependent, with progress response which addresses both emergency needs and the
on each essential to the positive outcomes longer-term resilience capacities of vulnerable women, men, • In Jordan, FAO, WFP and UNDP are working together
towards the others. Under the overall regional youth, boys and girls among refugee and host communities. on a programme to improve economic opportunities
STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS MODEL strategic direction framework, each country has for Syrian refugees and Jordanian host communities in
developed its own specific strategic directions All programming is encouraged to adopt and promote rural and semi-rural areas. With an emphasis on youth
and objectives based on its context, as outlined the key tenets of a Resilience Approach. The 3RP has put and women’s empowerment, the programme focuses on
R
REGIONAL
REEGFI OUNGA EL E & in the country overviews. the Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus (HDPN) and the development of climate-smart agriculture practices,
REFUGEE &
REES S
R I LIIL
ENI EC N CLEA NP L A N
E P
New Way of Working into practice, including through joint- efforts to improve rural urban market linkages, vocational
The 3RP acknowledges the response of programming as outlined in the box below. 3RP partners have trainings and saving and loans mechanisms.
other non-government actors which operate strived to link emergency assistance to meet basic needs
outside 3RP structures but who are also with actions to increase self-reliance and self-sufficiency • In Lebanon, UNHCR and UNDP have been working
REFUGEES & HOST
COMMUNITIES significantly working to meet the needs of vulnerable populations through market-based skills together to improve community security and access
REFUGEES & HOST of affected people across the region. This training and employability, income generation opportunities to justice. Partnering with both Lebanese ministries
COMMUNITIES includes international financial institutions, and entrepreneurship programs. 3RP partners also work and municipalities, this programme supports broader
PROMOTING RESILIENCE FOR ALL | LEAVING NO-ONE BEHIND
such as the World Bank, development actors, together with government, national and local institutions stabilization efforts while enhancing legal aid services
PROMOTING RESILIENCE FOR ALL | LEAVING NO-ONE BEHIND and other international organizations such to strengthen existing service delivery systems, to identify for the most vulnerable refugee and host community
1 2 3 4 as the International Federation of the Red vulnerabilities and address needs and risks, including social members, particularly females.
Protecting Pursuing Supporting Enhancing Cross (IFRC). At the regional and country tensions associated with increased demand for services, and
People Durable Dignified National level, relevant coordination continues to improve capacities to manage future shocks. • In Iraq, Jordan and Turkey, UN Women, in conjunction
1 2
Solutions Lives 3 & Local 4 be undertaken to promote complementary with local partners, implements the ‘Strengthening
Capacities
efforts, avoid duplication, and ensure impact of Furthermore, and consistent with the new UN Common the Resilience of Syrian Women and Girls and Host
Protecting Pursuing Supporting Enhancing programming. Guidance on Helping Build Resilient Societies, 3RP sectoral Communities’ programme that promotes protection and
People Durable Dignified National and inter-sectoral coordination mechanisms provide empowerment of women through access to livelihood
Solutions Lives & Local conducive platforms to mobilize humanitarian and opportunities, unstigmatised protection services and
Capacities development partners to employ shared, holistic analyses support to national justice structures.
Advancing the
Strengthening No Contributing Broad &
Global
the H/D/P Lost to the Inclusive
Compact for
Nexus Generation SDGs Partnerships
Refugees
Accountability Learning and Innovation
RESILIENCE: APPLICATION OF ASSETS AND CAPACITIES
Advancing the ABSORB INDIVIDUAL
Strengthening No Contributing Broad &
Global
the H/D/P Lost to the Inclusive
Compact for
Refugees
Nexus Generation SDGs Partnerships ADAPT COMMUNIT Y level
In the face
at the
of shocks
Accountability Learning and Innovation TRANSFORM INSTITUTIONAL
and stresses
8 Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021 Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021 9
Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP)
Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021 STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS
PROTECTING Children make up half of the displaced
population and face myriad violations of their
PURSUING
PEOPLE rights. Psychological and social distress and
violence are inherently linked, and often result
DURABLE SOLUTIONS
in over-reliance on negative coping strategies.
Increasing access to primary, secondary and
The 3RP places protection of people at the tertiary education is also key to building
center of its planning, design, implementation their ability to better protect themselves Refugees continue to require access to
RESETTLEMENT
and monitoring of its interventions to ensure and increase self-reliance. Mental health and territory, international protection, and
that no one is left behind. This approach psychological and social support are also support in countries of asylum. Given the Resettlement and complementary pathways
informs advocacy and support for access to intrinsically linked to the protection response. protracted nature of the crisis, opportunities remain key interventions providing an effective
protection, protection from refoulement, for durable solutions are urgently needed so solution to refugees who face vulnerabilities
registration, strengthening of the protection National systems are supported for the refugees can look to the future with hope and in the countries of asylum, demonstrating
space, protection from violence and prevention, mitigation and response to sexual dignity. responsibility-sharing while playing a part in
exploitation, case processing, facilitation and gender-based violence, by mainstreaming preserving protection space in host countries.
of referrals and identification of possible it across all interventions, so that more women, Advocacy for resettlement and complementary
RETURN
solutions. Across the five host countries, efforts girls, men and boys live in an environment pathways for Syrian refugees will continue to be
to protect people of concern are addressed where risks are reduced. All refugees have the fundamental right to essential, even though it may remain a limited
through community-based approaches and return to their country of origin at a time of their option overall.
strengthened identification mechanisms. 3RP partners also seek to strengthen zero- own choosing. Refugees’ free and informed
tolerance towards sexual exploitation and decisions are the guidepost for the 2020 3RP
Obtaining civil documentation remains at the abuse through awareness and capacity- response. As spontaneous voluntary returns are
LOCAL OPPORTUNITIES
core of protection efforts to enable access to building, communication with affected likely to increase and given the need of refugees
AND SOLUTIONS
education, healthcare and employment as well communities, and community-based complaint in the return process, 3RP partners will continue
as to register other important life events, such mechanisms. Protection sensitive programming to strengthen relevant support in this area, As many Syrian refugees may remain in host
as marriages and births. Promoting gender is pursued across the 3RP and thus contributes such as information provision (housing, land countries for the near future, expanding local
equality in nationality laws is also vital for the to each of the strategic directions. and property amongst others), counselling, opportunities and enhancing self-reliance
prevention and reduction of people at risk voluntariness confirmation, regularization of as a precursor to solutions remains critical.
of statelessness, particularly where women documentation in order to contribute to return While scale and scope of such activities remain
cannot confer nationality to their children or that is voluntary and occurs in safety and context specific, it can include advocacy for
spouse on an equal basis as men. dignity. In tandem, 3RP partners will continue a supportive legal framework and enabling
to support return preparedness, centred on the environment, increased access to job
intentions and concerns of refugees. opportunities, bridging the gap between the
skills of refugees and local market demands
through training and certification opportunities
3RP partners have significantly and recognition of education and skills, with
reduced the percentage of Syrian due consideration to gender dimensions.
Women like Najwa received protection support when she
children born in the region without arrived in Jordan. She also received a small support grant
any form of identity documents to build her own self-reliance - today Najwa has built a soap
making business which provides her and four other women
from approximately (two Syrian, two Jordanian) with a vital income, and which
35 %
in 2012 recently began exporting its first orders to China.
to
SYRIAN REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT VOLUNTARY SYRIAN
1.8 % TARGETS AND SUBMISSIONS REFUGEE RETURNS
as of early 2019.
INTERLINKED PROTECTION SERVICES
Resettlement / humanitarian admission
Legal assistance Parenting programmes Specialized child protection services
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) response services
Training on protection including child protection and SGBV
2016 2017 2018 2019
(as of 31 Oct 2019)
Community-led initiatives Empowerment opportunities Outreach activities
Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021 These figures relate to returns verified and conformed by UNHCR, Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021
10 based on government sources and direct observation by UNHCR.
11
Regional RefugeeAwareness
& Resilience raising or information campaigns
Plan (3RP) Child protection and psychosocial support programmes The actual number of returns may be significantly higher. Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP)
Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021 STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS
SUPPORTING school education and nutrition, and enhanced ENHANCING LOCAL & Placing meaningful partnership at the center
NATIONAL CAPACITIES
of the Resilience Approach ensures that
DIGNIFIED
targeting has improved the ability to identify
and support the most vulnerable refugee SOCIAL COHESION increasingly stressed local institutions are
supported in a way that improves both the
LIVES
households across the region.
Fostering social cohesion between efficiency and the effectiveness of assistance
3RP partners’ efforts to promote self-reliance refugees and host communities Enhancing local and national capacities across Building on the centrality of the Resilience in the short-term and benefits both the refugee
and self-sufficiency remains central to all through a variety of community-based the region is one of priorities of the 3RP— Approach, partners remain committed to and host communities in the long-term.
The crisis continues to impact protection and programming, including through expanding interventions remains an integral part of broadening the capacity of institutions and enhancing local and national capacities to
socio-economic well-being of vulnerable girls, impoverished and vulnerable populations’ the 3RP response, as political, economic systems to provide protection and essential ensure the sustainable impact of the 3RP The 3RP seeks to expand capacity-building
boys, women and men due to a range of factors. access to sustainable livelihoods and economic and social challenges can undermine socio-economic services; fostering the response. Sustainability is bolstered when activities that prioritize partnership with
Addressing the multiple deprivations facing opportunities. 3RP partners remain focused cohesion and increase tensions. conditions for durable solutions; and increasing programs are aligned with national plans stakeholder institutions at all levels. For
refugees and vulnerable host populations on creating economic opportunities for opportunities for impacted communities to and priorities and 3RP partners work in close example, efforts in Lebanon, such as poverty
and supporting enabling conditions and Syrian refugees and host communities in the In Turkey, the government is realize dignified lives. In that way, this strategic coordination and partnership with institutions reduction efforts through the Ministry of
opportunities for all to lead a dignified life is a region, building on the commitments made by promoting social cohesion through its direction is both an end in and of itself as well at all levels—local, sub-national, national, and Social Affairs, demonstrate the effectiveness
priority for all 3RP partners across a range of Governments and donors. In that regard, 3RP “harmonization” programs that promote as inextricably linked to the other strategic regional. of meaningful partnership in reinforcing the
sectors, including protection, agriculture, food partners have also made strides in expanding interaction between foreigners, persons directions. role of community institutions in stability
security, basic needs, health, education, shelter, refugee access to work documentation. To date, under temporary and international and resilience. Private sector engagement in
WASH and social cohesion and livelihoods. Jordan and Turkey have issued 146,000 work protection and the society across Turkey illustrates the important role of diverse
permits and 114,000 permits respectively that the country, through neighbourhood partnerships and the opportunities to create
To allow families to meet their basic needs, allow refugees to work. gatherings, engaged conversations new jobs and initiatives that are market driven
the 3RP will maintain a high level of monetized harmonization meetings. In support, and often economically sustainable.
assistance and, in the process, remaining For refugees in camp settings, shelter and WASH 3RP partners have developed a Social SUPPORT TO NATIONAL SERVICES
a strong leader in fulfilling Grand Bargain support will continue at scale, to help improve Cohesion Framework, outlining priority
commitments. This will be complemented by living conditions, upgrade accommodation areas for the 3RP contribution to Turkey
a wide range of specialized interventions to access to clean water and improved sanitation. promoting social cohesion between 3RP partners support to municipalities, mostly in
meet specific needs, including interventions refugees and host communities in the south-east, has increased from US 8.3 million Jordan
like to social protection programmes. Moreover, Turkey. 2018 to USD 24.3 million in 2019 against USD 8.3 3RP Partners are currently providing technical
significant strides have been made in primary million in 2018). This has included supporting the assistance to support the digitization and
In Lebanon girls and boys from refugee capacity of key municipal services such as water expansion of the National Assistance Fund (NAF).
and host communities have found and waste management, as well as municipal This includes related to the implementation of
common ground at the Al Marj sports management systems for strategic planning and digital payments modalities and enhancing its
facility, rehabilitated by 3RP partners. coordination. capacity in data analysis management.
Thuraya offers free catch-up classes
Legend
Legend
The facility brings together youth
International Boundary
for children in need at her home
International Boundary Boundary of former Palestine Mandate
Boundary of former Palestine Mandate Armistice Demarcation Line
UNDOF Administered Area
[
Armistice Demarcation Line
in Mazboud. Due to a scarce water from both communities and helps
Admin1_6_C_07022017
UNDOF Administered Area
Admin1_6_C_07022017
[ The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
National Capital
200 km
supply she could host only a limited
National Capital
200 km
break down barriers through sports
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
number of students. 3RP partners
helped the community in Mazboud and play. Additionally, 3RP partners Lebanon Iraq
through building a water well and a
have established monitoring system Since 2014, 227 communities have been Between 2018-2019, 3RP partners strengthened
water treatment room. Now Thuraya
can host lots of new students. to analyse intercommunity relations supported with close to 1,000 projects which seek resilience through 36 municipal infrastructure
among Syrian and Lebanese host to directly mitigate social stability challenges projects, including the rehabilitation of roads,
communities. The system provides associated with increased pressure on, and sewerage systems, water wells, and electrical
early warnings to address the need competition for, municipality-provided services works. Capacity building in crisis recovery was
Legend
for social stability and social cohesion and resources. 3RP partners are also supporting conducted for relevant authorities.
Legend
International Boundary International Boundary
Boundary of former Palestine Mandate
Boundary of former Palestine Mandate
Armistice Demarcation Line
interventions.
Armistice Demarcation Line
the implementation of the first national safety
UNDOF Administered Area
UNDOF Administered Area [
[
Admin1_6_C_07022017
Admin1_6_C_07022017 National Capital
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. 200 km
National Capital
net programme, the National Poverty Targeting
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. 200 km
Programme (NPTP).
COUNTRY-SPECIFIC CHALLENGES FACING REFUGEES IN ACCESSING ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES NUMBER OF RESILIENCE
More than $ 738
3RP PARTNERS 270 partners FUNDING million
EGYPT IRAQ (KRI) JORDAN LEBANON TURKEY
$ 486
million
- Residency permits - Residency card - Legal uncertainty - Residency permits - Language
- Mobility - Mobility - Mobility - Negative perception
- Government capacity - Closed jobs and quotas - Closed jobs and quotas - Mobility
- Security - Negative perception - Negative perception
- Access to credit
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2015 2018
12 Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021 Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021 13
Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP)
Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021
3RP & On 17 December 2018, the United Nations
General Assembly affirmed the Global Compact
The 3RP is often considered as a model
and blueprint for the GCR. Much of the
The Governments of Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey,
Egypt and Iraq are all committed to the 2030 3RP &
THE GLOBAL on Refugees (GCR), after two years of extensive
consultations led by UNHCR with Member
global discussions around taking a more
comprehensive approach to engaging host
Agenda for Sustainable Development and the
SDGs. However, the protracted Syrian crisis THE SUSTAINABLE
COMPACT ON States, international organizations, refugees,
civil society, the private sector, and experts.
governments and communities and others in
responses to large movements of refugees has
unavoidably affects host countries’ ability
to deliver on this ambitious agenda. In this DEVELOPMENT
REFUGEES The GCR is a framework for more predictable
centred on the response to the Syria crisis and
the design and implementation of the 3RP
regard, it is important to consider how the 3RP
and country response plans can be leveraged GOALS
(GCR) and equitable responsibility-sharing, which
recognizes that sustainable solutions to refugee At the policy level, the 3RP has consistently
to advance the implementation of the SDGs,
tailored to national priorities. (SDGs)
situations cannot be achieved without more highlighted the responsibility borne by host
robust solidarity and multilateral cooperation. countries in allowing Syrians access to their Consistent with the 2030 Agenda’s overarching Inherently, 3RP interventions contribute to a
“
It provides a blueprint for governments, resources and services and the need for the principle of leaving no one behind, and bringing wide range of SDGs and targets. 3RP partners
The Global Compact on international organizations, and other international community to play it part in together humanitarian and development work together towards ensuring an effective
Refugees that the General stakeholders to ensure that host countries and sharing this responsibility, which remains a approaches, the 3RP and country response and equitable access of both refugee and host
Assembly endorsed last communities receive the support they need global public good. plans strive to reduce vulnerabilities and communities to education, health, sanitation
December, was shaped largely and that refugees can lead productive lives. provide sustainable opportunities and solutions and other key socio-economic goods, services
by experiences in this region Globally, it constitutes a unique opportunity At the programme level, the 3RP has for all women, men, boys and girls affected by and infrastructures as well as to sustainable
and with Syrian refugees. And it to transform the way the world responds to provided a pioneering platform and the crisis. In line with other key implementation livelihoods opportunities (SDG 1 to 11). In
is grounded in a commitment to refugee situations, benefiting both refugees innovative understanding of humanitarian principles of the 2030 Agenda, the 3RP also some countries, interventions already seek
”
responsibility sharing. and host communities. and development responses to long-term fosters national ownership, fulfilment of human to address broader sustainable development
displacement. With UNHCR and UNDP as co- rights, multi-stakeholder partnerships and challenges such as environmental and help leverage and track 3RP partners’ specific
Filippo Grandi
United Nations High Commissioner leads, the 3RP model is inherently driven by innovation, integrated approaches, as well as ecological vulnerabilities (SDG 15), while on- contributions to the implementation of the
for Refugees, March 2019
the importance of considering the impact the development of strong accountability and going efforts to expand protection, strengthen SDGs. In line with the 3RP key principles, such
of protracted refugee situations on the monitoring frameworks. capacities of national and local institutions, a process of alignment should be nationally-
developmental trajectory of host countries and and promote social cohesion and stability in owned and driven, aligned and at pace with
how to mitigate it. The 3RP aims at strengthening the resilience affected communities are of direct significance host countries’ own efforts to integrate the
of refugees and host communities (“Resilience to SDG 16. SDGs in their national development plans and
for All”), and as such offers an immediate strategies and define their SDG priorities. This
contribution to the achievement of SDG Target Looking ahead, the establishment of explicit should be supported by renewed commitments
1.5: “By 2030, build the resilience of the poor linkages between the 3RP, country response to strengthen the humanitarian-development
ALIGNMENT BETWEEN 3RP STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES AND GCR OBJECTIVES and those in vulnerable situations, and reduce plans and the SDGs, including integrating nexus and bridge humanitarian and
their exposure and vulnerability to climate- SDG-relevant indicators (disaggregated by development funding streams to cover critical
related extreme events and other economic, sex, gender, affected populations and areas) gaps in the delivery of ‘SDG services’ at national
GCR OBJECTIVE 1 GCR OBJECTIVE 2 social and environmental shocks and disasters”. in monitoring & evaluation frameworks would and local levels.
Ease the pressures on host countries Enhance refugee self-reliance
• National actors in the lead, supported by 3RP partners • Promoting refugee access to the employment markets
• A plan that directly targets the most vulnerable host communities • Programmes that offer vocational training, job placement and
• Direct and indirect support to national authorities and local entrepreneurship skills
municipalities • Providing assistance in ways that encourage choice and dignity,
• Advocacy at all levels for international community to increase such as cash-based interventions
support
GCR OBJECTIVE 3 GCR OBJECTIVE 4
Expand access to third-country solutions Support conditions in countries of origin
for return in safety and dignity
• Managing the resettlement process for over 120,000 Syrian
Refugees since 2013 • Providing support in a way that secures current and future
• Encouraging increased resettlement places for the most vulnerable capacities for possible, safe, dignified and voluntary return to Syria.
Syrian refugees. • Forging close linkages between the 3RP and the Humanitarian
• Advocating and implementing ‘complementary pathways’, such as • Response Plan on joint analysis.
scholarships and student visa
14 Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021 Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021 15
Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP)
KEY REGIONAL ASPECTS
OF THE RESPONSE Social Protection
The realities of protracted displacement have led the international community to place
a greater emphasis on leveraging national social protection systems to address the
vulnerabilities of both refugees and host communities. 3RP partners, in collaboration with
line ministries and other national actors, have made strides in enhancing linkages between
3RP programming, social assistance and national systems. This includes promoting access to
No Lost Generation paid work and social security, the use of common platforms and tools, the joint piloting of
programs with national stakeholders, and promoting the use of innovation, such as digital
Following a positive external evaluation of the No Lost Generation (NLG) initiative in 2019, systems and biometric authentication. This reflects commitments towards the SDGs, the GCR
partners will advocate for specific changes in three key areas in 2020: addressing barriers and other global initiatives, and towards pursuing more sustainable solutions for refugees,
for children to (re-) engage and continue their education; protection and empowerment of alongside efforts to secure the sustainability of the response.
girls and young women; and tackling the exposure to and impact of violence on children,
adolescents and youth. In 2019, 3RP partners extended further support towards more harmonized frameworks
and systems for delivery, alongside improved targeting efforts amongst both national and
NLG partners will continue to support access to formal primary, secondary and tertiary refugee populations. 3RP partners have also supported the introduction of mechanisms
education as well as accredited non-formal education and vocational training. An estimated for risk preparedness to enhance prevention capacities for long-term resilience. In Lebanon
1.2 million school-age Syrian children in 3RP countries were enrolled in formal and non- and Jordan, for example, 3RP Partners’ in-country humanitarian experience in building
formal education as of December 2018. The same year saw a 58 per cent increase in tertiary transparent, effective and efficient cash-based transfer programmes for refugees is being
education scholarships provided. However, around 800,000 children remain out of school – transferred to host governments to best support their vulnerable populations.
and many of those in school are at risk of dropping out or not learning.
In 2020, 3RP partners will continue to seek opportunities to address needs and underlying
Child protection partners will continue efforts to strengthen national and local child vulnerabilities of refugees and host communities within national social protection
protection systems, providing coordinated services to the most vulnerable children, frameworks. It will seek to leverage their cumulative experience to strengthen the capacity
adolescents and youth, and advocating for improved access to Mental Health and of national social protection providers, including through policy development, entitlement
Psychosocial Support. NLG will continue to promote linkages between education and child approaches and supporting underlying national social protection systems.
protection systems to create safe, protective education environments and tackle negative
coping mechanisms including child labour and child marriage.
NEW URBAN AGENDA (NUA)
Palestine Refugees from Syria The New Urban Agenda (NUA), sets a new global standard for sustainable
urban development, which will help rethink how we plan, manage and live in
Palestinian refugees continue to face high vulnerability and significant humanitarian and cities. The Agenda provides guidance for achieving the SDGs. Through the NUA,
protection needs. This includes over 438,000 Palestine refugees inside Syria, and more than world leaders are committing to ensure that all citizens have access to equal
45,400 who are currently reported in Lebanon and Jordan, while 3,000 are estimated to be in opportunities and face no discrimination and that the rights of refugees, migrants
Egypt and under 1,000 in Gaza. and internally displaced persons are fully respected regardless of their migration
Many Palestinian refugees from Syria (PRS) who have been able to reach Jordan and Lebanon status. As 95 per cent of Syrian refugees reside in urban areas, 3RP partners
face a precarious and marginalized existence due to their uncertain legal status and limited will be supporting national governments and local authorities implement the
social protection mechanisms, making them heavily reliant on assistance provided by UNRWA Agenda, with technical and financial partnerships and assistance from the donor
to meet their basic needs; however, over the last two years, the Agency’s ability to provide community.
this support has been impacted by decreasing funding levels. In Lebanon, PRS are effectively
denied access to most public services and barred from working in several syndicated
professions, and many live in fear of refoulement and arbitrary detention and are vulnerable
to exploitation and abuse. In Jordan, PRS struggle with limited coping mechanisms and many
of them continue to face protection challenges due to their precarious legal status.
DEFINING SOCIAL PROTECTION
SOCIAL
PROTECTION Non-contributory Contributory
Social Assistance Social Care Social Insurance Active Labour
Market Policies
Social Public Works Fee Old-age Survivor’s
Subsidies Insurance for: Subsidies
Transfers Programmes Waivers Pension Benefits
• Cash Transfers • Cash for Work • For Basic Health • Fuel • Unemployment • Work-sharing
• Vouchers • Food for Work / Education • Food • Maternity • Training
• In-kind transfers • Disability • Job-search Services
16 Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021 • Work Accidents Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021 17
Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP)Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021
ASSESSMENTS
come together to build consensus around the For example, several countries have developed HOUSING, LAND AND PROPERTY ISSUES OF THE 2018 EGYPT VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
key needs, with due regard given to specific intersectoral M&E frameworks, while in Turkey, SYRIAN REFUGEES IN LEBANON FOR REFUGEES (EVAR)
& TOOLS
needs of groups, such as children, women, an intersectoral Social Cohesion Framework
female-headed households, elderly, people that aims at aligning and prioritizing 3RP
with disabilities and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, activities based on an evaluation of the ongoing • The housing rental market in Vulnerability
Assessment
• 88 per cent of refugees are severely
The 3RP response is built on conducting Transgender or Intersex (LBGTI) people. support to fostering social cohesion. Lebanon that responds to refugee Syrian Refugees
in Egypt 2017
or highly vulnerable
protection and assistance needs assessments, needs relies on informal—often • The percentage of Syrian refugees
analysing data, and determining priorities and As the crisis has become more protracted, At the regional level, the UNHCR-UNDP Joint insecure—arrangements for both with insufficient access to food has
response modalities based on the evidence and vulnerabilities have deepened, 3RP Secretariat, and individual organizations have landlords and tenants increased, where 70.3 percent were
gathered. A wide range of assessments partners have responded with more in-depth assessed policy and programming topics from a • It is vital to approach the housing vulnerable to food insecurity in 2018
take place throughout the year, including assessments and evaluations that provide regional perspective. Some examples of recent challenge at least partially from the compared to 63.6 percent in 2017
sectoral, inter-sectoral, thematic, and agency- more granular detail over larger sample assessments and evaluations are highlighted perspective of better housing and • 81.4 percent of Syrian refugees were
specific assessments. At country level, inter- sizes. This includes charting how specific and below, while a full range of assessments is land policies UNHCR Egypt Socioeconomic Assessment Report 2017 1
spending less than the minimum
sector working groups ensure, to the extent inter-sectoral needs have evolved, as well as available at: • Area-based approaches continue threshold required to cover food and
possible, a harmonized approach so that evaluating certain aspects of the response to to be appealing, particularly in non-food needs
all the assessments in a particular country ensure that it remains effective and coherent. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria congested urban neighborhoods to
help relieve the challenges
ANNUAL VULNERABILITY SURVEYS
WHY GENDER MATTERS IN THE DISCUSSIONS
ON RETURNS TO SYRIA
THE COMPREHENSIVE VULNERABILITY MONITORING THE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SYRIAN REFUGEES IN
EXERCISE 3 (CVME3) IN TURKEY LEBANON (VASYR) TOOLS
• Early regional trends suggest that
female refugees may be returning at
VASyR 2018
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Lebanon Country Office IN BRIEF
S&K Building, Nicolas Ibrahim Sursock Street, Jnah
Beirut, Lebanon
• 20.8% of refugee households are • 78% of interviewed refugees aged 15 larger rates then male refugees due
Tel: +961 1 849 201
WHY GENDER MATTERS IN THE
Email: lebbe@unhcr.org
Facebook: UNHCRLebanon
Twitter: @UNHCRLebanon
www.unhcr.org/lb
Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees
in Lebanon DISCUSSION ON RETURNS TO SYRIA
The Resilience Index Measurement and to structural factors, and gendered
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
wheaded by women and older did not have legal
Lebanon Country Office
Ashrafieh, Sodeco Area, Sama Beirut
Beirut, Lebanon
Tel: +961 1 607 400
Email: beirut@unicef.org Photo credit ©UN Women
Facebook: UNICEFLebanon
Twitter: @UNICEFLebanon UN Women is committed to ensuring equality between that processes and conditions for return must be gender
• Only 34% of refugees live in good residency Analysis (RIMA) is a quantitative approach demographic trends should be
www.unicef.org/lebanon women and men as partners and beneficiaries of humani- equitable, and voluntary. The recommendations put forth
tarian action, and works in crises prevention, preparedness identify considerations for gender responsive humanitar-
World Food Programme (WFP) and response to reduce vulnerabilities, address risks, pro- ian action in terms of programmatic response, policy
Lebanon Country Office mote resilience and leverage women’s leadership. This is interventions, and necessary areas of research.
Azarieh Building, Block 6 ,03th floor, Azarieh Street, Downtown
done through supporting humanitarian actors and host
Returns to Syria: Gender Analysis
Beirut, Lebanon
governments to address gender equality and women’s
to assess the resilience capacity of
Tel: +961 1 964 615
quality housing • Despite improvements in 2018, 73% monitored
Email: wfp.lebanon@wfp.org empowerment in their interventions, and to model and roll The Syria crisis has displaced 5.7 million refugees into
www.wfp.org/countries/lebanon
out gender responsive humanitarian programming. Since surrounding countries, and over six million Syrians are in-
2013, UN Women has been working with governments and ternally displaced. While the large-scale fighting in much
partners under the Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan of the country has ceased, heightened levels of violence
(3RP) to respond to the needs of those affected by the persist in certain areas, and the displaced continue to count
households. Using four pillars (social
Syria crisis – both displaced Syrians and host community
• 303,000 registered refugees did not of Syrian refugees remain below the • The legal framework in Syria puts
on international protection and humanitarian assistance
nationals. As the issue of refugee and IDP returns to Syria in host countries.
increasingly becomes a subject of international attention,
UN Women calls for all discussions on this to be under- Despite continued hostilities in some parts of Syria, there
pinned by a human rights-based approach that takes into have been over 143,254 self-organized refugee returns to Syria
account gender differential needs and impact. since 2015.2 There were also 800,000 IDP returns in 2017 and
safety nets, access to basic services,
1.4 million IDP returns in 2018.3 The latest UNHCR regional
have enough water for drinking and poverty line The following gender analysis of issues of return to Syria
summarizes the findings of an exploratory study1 on
the salient gender differences and gender inequalities
surrounding refugee and IDP returns, from planning to re-
intention survey from March 2019 shows that 5.9% of Syrian
refugees intend to return within the next 12 months, and that
75.2% of Syrian refugees hope to return one day.4 women at a disadvantage to
integration inside Syria. Social, economic, and legal gender
adaptative capacity, and assets), RIMA
2 UNHCR, “Operational Portal: Syria Regional Refugee Response,” last
cooking • Some 30% of refugee households accessing their housing, land,
discrimination related to returns disproportionally impacts modified January 31 2019, https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/
women and girls, while men and boys are also at risk of syria_durable_solutions.
3 OCHA, “2019 Humanitarian Needs Overview: Syrian Arab Republic,”
Comprehensive Vulnerability
significant protection concerns. UN Women maintains February 2019, https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/
operations/whole-of-syria/document/2019-humanitarian-needs-
overview-syrian-arab-republic.
Monitoring Exercise
1 This policy brief is informed by primary and secondary research 4 UNHCR, “Fifth Regional Survey on Syrian Refugees’ Perceptions and
provides information on how households
conducted by the UN Women Regional Office of Arab States, in con- Intentions on Returns to Syria - Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, and Jordan,”
• 1.6 million refugees lived under the resided in shelters not meeting and property rights upon return,
sultation with UNHCR and other partners. Publication forthcoming. March 2019, http://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/68443.
Round 3
WFP Turkey Country Office
May 2019
poverty line, including 215,000 in humanitarian standards; cope with shocks and stresses while compared to men, given gendered
extreme poverty 5.5% live in dangerous conditions supporting the establishment of policies differences in the law
• 55% of Syrian refugees are below and programmes which are better able to • Less attention is paid to Syrian
the Survival Minimum Expenditure build resilience especially amongst those women and girls’ who fear
Basket, unable to meet survival most vulnerable. The RIMA is underway in persecution including arrest,
needs of food, health and shelter Jordan and the analysis will be available detention, and or violence
THE 2019 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
in 2020, with the potential to expand to
FRAMEWORK (VAF) FOR JORDAN
further 3RP countries.
• Some 40 per cent of individuals
THE MULTI-SECTOR NEEDS ANALYSIS (MSNA) OF SYRIAN
surveyed have debts of more
REFUGEES IN THE KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ (KR-I) Diagnostic: Provides evidence
than 100 JOD per capita
Social Safety Nets for developing projects /
• 76 per cent of respondents are below programs
the Minimum expenditure Basket • Lack of sustainable sources of Evaluation of the impact
(MEB - what a household requires in Joint income / employment as main of different projects Targeting: Identifies
Access to
Vulnerability within a specific country populations for interventions,
order to meet basic needs) reported need Basic Services
/ region / community disaggregates populations for
Assessment to better understand more effective targeting by
• Over three quarters of households
which one had the livelihoods, gender
June 2018
(79%) reported being in debt at the major positive effect in
Adaptive Capacity
time of interview for this assessment building more livelihood
resilience HH
Monitoring and
Evaluation: Assess
Assets changes and impact
over time / at the end of
projects / programs
18 Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021 Regional Strategic Overview 2020 - 2021 19
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