Refrigerant & Energy Regulations Update - Focus on Refrigeration Applications Rajan Rajendran - Emerson Climate ...
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Refrigerant & Energy Regulations Update Focus on Refrigeration Applications Rajan Rajendran Emerson Climate Technologies
Agenda A Quick History on Refrigerant Progression Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – First rule to approve new refrigerants in applications – Second rule to delist some existing refrigerants by application – Emerson view and what’s next Department of Energy (DOE) – Commercial refrigeration equipment, ice machines, and walk-in coolers and freezers Summary
Ozone Hole: Reason for R12 and R22 Phase-out
(Exposure to UV Radiation Leads to Skin Cancer)
Montreal Protocol, Signed on Sept. 16, 1987, Bans CFCs & HCFCs
Montreal Protocol Agreement for Reducing ODP
Refrigerants: R-22 Phase-out Timeline
100% Today
100 90%
%
1996 65% 65%
CAP 32.5% - 2025
2.5% - 2030
50 0% - 2040
25%
10%
0
1999 2004 2010 2015 2020
No New No New
Equipment EU Equipment US 2013
“Freeze”
US A5 Nations
EU
A5 Nations
Developing nations are only now beginning to phase-down use of R22
Montreal Protocol’s Positive
Impact on Ozone Hole
False-color view of total ozone over the Antarctic
pole. The purple and blue colors are where there Ozone hole still large, but healing;
is the least ozone, and the yellows and reds are
where there is more ozone.
full recovery expected ~2070
Source: NASA. Image from Nov. 2, 2014
A New Concern: Climate Change, the Driver for HFC Actions
Montreal Protocol’s Positive
Impact on Climate Change
… But, developing nations’
Montreal Protocol has the biggest
growth could dwarf gains,
impact on climate change!
per predictions.
Emerson Confidential 7
European F-Gas Regulation:
Phase-down HFC and Application Bans
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
93% July 2020:
Report
Jan 2015: Annex III:
Applicabi split AC
Jan 2017: Jan 2023:
lity +
Report Comprehen
repeal
national Jan 2021: sive report
842/2006
codes / HFC report on effect of
standards re. Regulation
Domestic alternatives & 63%
fridge training
GWP >150
2017: Jan 2020:
Traceability Moveable AC
GWP > 150
July 2017: 45%
Report Refrig/Freezers
Annex III: For Comm.
multipack Use Jan 2022:
Multipack
31%
Report PD GWP>2500
method Refrigeration
GWP >150
24%
Stationary Ref.
And Service (except cascades Jan 2025: 21%
Ban with GWP 2500 (GWP >750) Jan 2030:
Refrig/Freezers No recycled
for Comml use /reclaimed
herm sealed GWP >2500
GWP >150 for servicing
North American Proposal
for HFC Phase-down
120%
GWP Weighted Cap (% of Baseline)
100%
80%
A5 Countries (Asia, etc.)
60%
Non- A5 Countries (U.S.)
40%
20%
0%
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 YearEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA): What Is SNAP? What Are NOPRs? SNAP stands for Significant New Alternatives Policy – Environmental Protection Agency’s program to approve alternative refrigerants to ozone-depleting potential CFCs, HCFCs – Approval specific to refrigerant and application – Website: http://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/index.html When EPA approves a refrigerant, a Notice of Public Rulemaking (NOPR) is issued in Federal Register – Public has 60 days to review and comment – All details on how to submit comments are provided in the NOPR
EPA’s First NOPR This Summer
Published on July 9; comments were due Sept. 8
Listed new flammable A2 and A3 refrigerants and revised
venting prohibitions
– Stand-alone commercial refrigerators and freezers: R600a,
R441A (150 g)
– Household refrigerators and freezers: R290 (57 g)
– Vending machines: R600a, R290 (150 g)
– Self-contained room AC, PTACs, PTHPs, window AC and single-room
portable AC: R290, R32, R441A (subject to UL 484 limits)
https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2014/07/09/2014-
15889/protection-of-stratospheric-ozone-listing-of-substitutes-for-
refrigeration-and-air-conditioning-andSecond NOPR for Delisting Certain
HFCs by Application
In 2013 and early 2014, EPA held stakeholder meetings to get
input on which HFCs, if any, could be delisted
The NOPR to delist was published on August 6
– Comments were due on October 20; comment period closed and all
comments have been posted on public website
Links to documents:
Fact sheet:
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/downloads/SAN_5750_SNAP_Status_Change_Rule-
Fact_Sheet_070714.pdf
NOPR:
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2014-08-06/pdf/2014-18494.pdf
Comments:
http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketBrowser;rpp=25;po=0;dct=PS;D=EPA-HQ-OAR-
2014-0198Second NOPR Refrigeration and Air
Conditioning End Uses Impacted
Currently Included
– Retail food refrigeration includes all cold storage cases designed to chill food for commercial sale.
In addition to grocery cases, the end use includes convenience store reach-in cases and restaurant
walk-in refrigerators.
– Vending machines are self-contained units which dispense goods that must be kept cold or frozen.
– Motor vehicle air conditioning systems, or MVACS, provide comfort cooling for passengers in cars,
buses, planes, trains, and other forms of transportation.
Not Included, but Seeking Comment
– Industrial process refrigeration systems cool process streams in industrial applications.
– Cold storage warehouses are used to store meat, produce, dairy products, and other perishable
goods.
– Commercial ice machines are used in commercial establishments to produce ice for consumer use,
e.g., in hotels, restaurants and convenience stores.
– Refrigerated transport moves products from one place to another while maintaining necessary
temperatures, and include refrigerated ship holds, truck trailers, railway freight cars, and other
shipping containers
Foam and Aerosol Also Impacted
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/refrigerants/index.htmlEPA’s Proposed Rule on Delisting HFCs by Application
Emerson’s Response to EPA Proposal
Submitted Oct. 20
Supermarket* Standalone Self
Vending
Condensing Units* Contained Comm.
Refrigerant Machines Foam Auto AC
(field charged) Ref. Eqpt*
Direct Sec. *
(factory charged sealed systems)
JAN JAN JAN 2016 JAN 2016
R404A/507A JAN 2016
2016 2016 Delay 6 years Delay 6 years
HFC-227 ea., R-407B, JAN JAN
R-421B, R-422A, R-422C,
R-422D, R-428A, R-434A 2016 2016
JAN 2016 (New)
R407A, R407F
Do not delist
JAN 2017
JAN 2016 (New) JAN 2016 2021 Model
R134a Delay 6
Do not delist (New) (New)
years
Various Blends,
JAN 2016 (New)
GWP 600-3990**
JAN 2017
Various Foam
Delay 6
Refs**
years
Various Auto 2017 Model
Blends** (New)
*New and retrofit only; Service is allowed Do Not Delist Now in Industrial and Ice: No Alternates Without Glide S.Mkt, Transport – No
**Check EPA Documents for details Comment
Aerosol Application not shown in above table
Industrial, Ice Making heads, Warehouses and Transport Applications are not Included in This NOPR but comments have been requested.What Is Next for Delisting Proposal?
120 comment letters were submitted to the EPA
– Majority of the comments requested delays and exemptions from
delisting
– A few supported the EPA’s actions and asked for more stringent
delisting
Next steps for the EPA
– Review all comment letters
– Publish final rule, and include responses to all the comments from
stakeholders and public
– Expect final rule before middle of 2015
In the meantime, EPA can be expected to continue approving
new lower GWP refrigerants in specific applicationsAlternatives for Refrigeration and AC
Applications
A1 – Non-Flammable A3 – Flammable B2L – Toxic, Qualitative Chart –
Pressure A2L – Mildly Flammable Mildly Flam. Not to Scale
or
Capacity CO2
R446A, R447A
R-410A R32/HFO 400-675 R32
Like Blends
R410A
R448A = N40
R449A = DR33 R404A
R444B = L20 R507A
NH3 N20 R22
R404A & ~300 L40, DR7
R407ARefrigerant Options Available in Future
Self-contained Rack
Refrigerant Walk-in
Reach-in Refrigeration
R404A R404A R404A
Today
R134a (R407A) R407A
R448A, R449A R448A, R449A R448A, R449ARefrigeration Energy Regulations
Energy Level
Product Class Current NOPR Final Effective
Reduction
Closed-doors
Oct. March March kWh/Day
Reach-ins 2010
2013 2014* 2017 30% – 50%
(Self-contained)
U.S. Department of Energy
March kWh/100 lbs
2014* 12% – 25%
2010 Fall 2014 Fall 2017 kWh/100 lbs
Ice Makers NODA
Sept. 5% – 15%
2014 (amend. 9/5/14)
Display Cases, Oct. March March kWh/Day
2012
Including Remote 2013 2014* 2017 30% – 50%
Walk-in Sept. June AWEF
2009 June 2017
(Foodservice) 2013 2014* 20% – 40%
U.S./Canada
California Title 24 Effective July 2014
Building Energy Alliance Challenge Spec in Process
Supermarket
ASHRAE 90.1 Advanced Energy Design Guideline in Process
Canada Supermarket Minimum Efficiency Std. in Process
* Industry challenging DOESummary
Over the next five years, expect
– R404A to be delisted and no longer used in new equipment
– New R22 retrofit (non-flammable) refrigerants available
– R404A retrofits to new lower GWP (non-flammable) refrigerants
– New mildly flammable and flammable refrigerants in self-contained and
walk-in systems
CO2 systems will grow — cascade, transcritical and secondary
Energy regulations will impact equipment manufacturers and
installers
Training and keeping up with technology and changes very
important
Emerson and E360 aim to help you with that!Thank You!
Questions?
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