Reduction of Food Loss and Waste - The Challenges and Conclusions for Actions - Scientific Group
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The Scien� fi c Group for the
UN Food Systems Summit
h�ps//sc-fss2021.org/
Food Systems Summit Brief
prepared by Research Partners of the Scientific Group for the Food Systems Summit
February 15, 2021
Reduction of Food Loss and Waste –
The Challenges and Conclusions for Actions
Findings and Recommendations for Actions of an international Conference by the Pontifical
Academy of Sciences with the Rockefeller Foundation
by Joachim von Braun, Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo and Roy Steiner
Introduction
The global food system is malfunc�oning, leaving large SDG 12 – ENSURING SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
segments of the popula�on undernourished or mal- AND PRODUCTION PATTERNS
nourished, and causing large environmental damage.
By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at
Food losses in the produc�on, processing and market-
the retail and consumer levels and reduce food
ing parts of the food systems are part of the problem.
losses along production and supply chains, in-
Food was�ng at the retail, household and restaurant
cluding post-harvest losses”. Since loss and
levels is a serious problem too. The analyses and calls
waste are related but distinct phenomena, each
for ac�on in this volume are mo�vated by the United
may merit a unique indicator, as stated by FAO:
Na�ons Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) No. 12,
i.e. Ensuring sustainable consump�on and produc�on
Sub-Indicator | Food Loss Index: The
pa�erns, and specifically, “By 2030, halve per capita
Food Loss Index (FLI) focuses on food
global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and
losses that occur from production up
reduce food losses along produc�on and supply chains,
to (and not including) the retail level.
including post-harvest losses”.
This goal is very much in line with the Encyclical Laudato
Sub-Indicator | Food Waste Index: A proposal
Si’, where Pope Francis calls for changes to overcome
for measuring Food Waste, which comprises
the “throwaway culture”. Food Loss and Waste (FLAW)
retail and consumption levels, is under consid-
is a moral issue because of the adverse effects on peo-
eration. Clarity on content of these indicators
ple and our planet. It is detrimental to the planet due to
could be helpful to measure and guide actions.
greenhouse gas emissions and the was�ng of the water
Source:http://www.fao.org/sustainable-de-
and land used as inputs, and to people – the poor in
velopment-goals/indicators/1231/en/
par�cular – whose labor is squandered and whose live-
lihoods are compromised when FLAW occurs.
1
food systems summit brief
An aim of this conference and its proceedings volume1 requires a change in mindsets among those who waste
is to reach different but complementary communi�es food and large-scale investments in value chains that are
that can broaden the alliance needed to address the losing food. How to go about these challenges is empha-
challenge of food loss and waste. Key objec�ves are sized in the chapters of this volume and summarized in
to share the latest scien�fic evidence on how to re- the statement on conclusions and proposed ac� ons.
duce food loss and waste and thereby contribute to
global food and nutri�on security. Secondly, to provide Conclusions and Proposed Actions - Statement by
recommenda�ons for expanded global and na�onal contributors and supporters (see below)
ac�ons, including public and private investments and
ini�a�ves by ci�zens, corpora�ons, governments, and 1. Mo�va�on of the conference
interna�onal organiza�ons. Moreover, the alliance of In the Encyclical Laudato Si’ Pope Francis calls for glob-
actors must become broader to make significant im- al changes to overcome the “throwaway culture”. A
provements globally in reducing FLAW. representa� on of this culture is Food Loss and Waste
To fulfil these objec�ves, we focus on clearly defin- (FLAW), which has serious moral repercussions, in
ing food loss and waste, while adop�ng a value-chain view of the prevailing hunger of more than 820 million
approach. When considering the magnitude of the people and lack of access to healthy diets by 2 billion
food loss and waste challenge, summing up the ton- people (FAO’s SOFI report 2019). Resources such as
nage of different foods is not appropriate; not only water and fer� le land are becoming scarcer because
weight but the economic and environmental cost of food is produced but never eaten.
wasted and lost food must be considered. The latest FLAW signifi cantly contributes to greenhouse gas
approaches to measurement in economic, caloric, or emissions (SOFA 2019) and thereby to climate change
quality-adjusted weight terms are presented and dis- and its consequences. FLAW is detrimental to the
cussed. planet and its people. It is morally, economically and
Further, food loss and waste reduc�on has environmentally unacceptable in the era of the Sus-
huge benefits but also costs and these costs must tainable Development Goals (SDGs). We call on our
not be ignored when aiming for efficient solu�ons. leaders, and on all of us, for increased commitment to
Benefits and costs must consider environmental as ac� on toward SDG 12.3, i.e. by 2030, halve per capi-
well as food and nutri�on security effects. We know ta global food waste at the retail and consumer levels
that environmental change and people’s health cannot and reduce food losses along produc� on and supply
be easily captured by economic calcula�ons. chains, including postharvest losses – an achievable
Successfully mee�ng SDG 12.3 requires approach- goal based on exis� ng knowledge and technology. Yet,
es that foster educa�on and awareness, behavioral even though it is within our ability to tackle, FLAW re-
change, a renewed global dialogue, and coordinated duc� on needs more a� en� on and investment.
global ac�on. Ul�mately, we need to create incen�ves Successfully achieving Target 12.3 of the United
that will strengthen the business case to tackle food loss Na� ons SDGs requires a new perspec� ve on how to
and waste and move to more sustainable consump�on reduce the use of resources and increase the effi ciency
pa�erns. of the produc� on, preserva� on, processing and distri-
As we aim to unite and improve our understanding bu� on of food at the producer, intermediary, proces-
and strengthen our convic�on to act on food loss, we sor and wholesale level (i.e. losses in the value chain).
are aware that these phenomena are embedded within It also requires addressing our “throwaway culture”.
a broader food systems context. The plan put forward For that, educa� on, awareness, and behavioral change
by the UN Secretary-General to hold a Food Systems among consumers and retailers, are cri� cal. Our con-
Summit in 2021 will provide an opportunity to translate ference therefore calls for renewed global dialogue at
global goals into ac�ons for FLAW reduc�ons. the highest levels of government, business, religion,
and civil society to achieve the target of halving FLAW
It is encouraging that ac�ons to reduce food loss and
by 2030.
waste are already planned or in place in many countries,
but so far do not add up to sufficient global impact and 2. Objec�ves of the conference
joint learning. The most promising ac�ons can and must
The conference took note of new reports on FLAW
be enhanced. By bringing together a group of prominent
problems, such as the State of Food and Agricul-
leaders, ac�vely engaged with this issue, from academia,
ture Report (2019) by the Food and
religious communi�es, private sector, government, civil
Agriculture
society, and the United Na�ons (UN), we aim to create
an interdisciplinary space for analysis, sharing of knowl-
edge and focused solu�ons. Ul�mately, reducing FLAW 1
Conference Proceedings, 2020 h�p://www.casinapioiv.va/con-
tent/dam/accademia/pdf/pas_sv147.pdf
2
food systems summit brief
Organiza�on (FAO) of the United Na�ons, and Re- �ous foods and a�en�on to food safety (as ad-
ducing Food Loss and Waste: Se�ng a Global Ac- dressed in the Conference by the Pon�fical Academy
�on Agenda (2019) by World Resource Ins�tute of Sciences and the Global Alliance for Improved Nutri-
(WRI) and a coali�on of partners. The findings of �on on Food Safety and Healthy Diets in 2018).
these, and other reports, provide a basis for ac�on. FLAW requires our a�en�on along with all aspects
The three key objec�ves of the conference were to: of wasteful processing, transporta�on, packaging (e.g.
1. Share the latest scien�fic evidence on how to re- the plas�cs issue) and energy usage along food supply
duce FLAW and thereby contribute to a more sus- chains – issues that a circular economy and bioecon-
tainable and inclusive global food system; omy are trying to address systemically. A�en�on to
2. Provide recommenda�ons for expanded global preven�on, not just reduc�on, should be considered,
and na�onal ac�ons, including public and private and solu�ons need to consider further the possible im-
investments and ini�a�ves for ci�zens, the private pacts on food access and affordability.
sector, governments, and mul�lateral organiza-
4. Strengthening of informa�on and data
�ons; and
3. Broaden the alliance of actors to make more signif- Only when sound data are gathered and made avail-
icant improvements in reducing FLAW. able, measurement and monitoring progress against
benchmarks becomes feasible and viable for investors
and companies. When considering the magnitude of
3. Localizing the FLAW problem, while tapping into the FLAW challenge, summing up the tonnage of dif-
global solu�ons ferent foods does not appropriately capture food,
Data deficiencies mask the diversity of the FLAW prob- environmental, and economic issues. We must move
lem – which varies greatly across regions and value beyond a weight metric and assess the economic, en-
chains. While a high percentage of food is currently vironmental, ins�tu�onal, health, and human costs
lost at produc�on, handling and processing stages in of lost and wasted food. The hotspots in value chains
low-income and emerging economies, food is wast- where food losses occur are increasingly iden�fied, as
ed in retail and consump�on stages in higher income are effects in terms quality losses, economic costs and
countries due to market design and consumer behav- emissions costs (FAO’s SOFA report 2019).
ior. Yet market design and food waste pa�erns are in- While FLAW reduc�on has huge benefits, the costs
creasing in low- and middle-income countries as the of ac�on cannot be ignored when aiming for effec�ve
global middle class grows and urbanizes. Solu�ons are and efficient solu�ons. A comprehensive approach of
within reach for all country groups, but will need to cost of ac�on versus cost of inac�on may be helpful.
be tailored to each specific context, and differen�at- Efforts to collect and analyze data need to double
ed by food loss versus food waste as these are related down, not only for repor�ng purposes, but also for the
but dis�nct concepts. Food waste happens due to lack iden�fica�on of causes of FLAW and decision-making
of appropriate infrastructure, regula�ons, profit-seek- for ac�on by all players in value chains. We encour-
ing, and negligence, �me scarcity and economic abun- age agencies in charge of these metrics and analyses
dance at the consumer level. Food loss occurs due to to step up efforts in these areas, donors to enhance
unfavourable clima�c condi�ons, improper post-har- financial support, and call upon the private sector to
vest handling, and incen�ve structures leading to food report on a volunteer basis. The conference explored
loss as a ra�onal economic op�on, as well as lack of approaches to measurement in economic, nutrient,
informa�on, educa�on, technology, infrastructure, af- and quality-adjusted terms, and called for broader
fordable financing and market access. FLAW has social country coverage of data as well as repor�ng on prog-
equity and gender implica�ons. Food produc�on, not ress towards 2030.
only in low-income countries, involves large shares of
women’s unpaid labor and o�en low-paid workers, in- 5. Research in science, technology and extension
cluding migrants, producing cheap food that might be We took note of progress made in terms of research,
undervalued and thus wasted by customers. In addi- science and technology to address the FLAW problem.
�on, all steps in supply chains should be reviewed and For example, the research ini�a�ves by FAO, WRI, IFPRI
monitored in order to prevent the use of forced labor (Interna�onal Food Policy Research Ins�tute), UNEP,
and modern slavery (according to SDG 8.7). the World Bank, the IADB, the InterAcademy Partner-
Value chains of perishable and nutrient-rich foods ship, universi�es and others, highlight opportuni�es
(both crops and animal-sourced protein) are signifi- and challenges for research on food and nutri�on se-
cantly affected. More nutri�ous and healthier dietary curity and sustainable food produc�on, and propose
pa�erns require managing and preserving these nutri- priori�es for natural science, social science
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food systems summit brief
and food postharvest and food technology research a global network. Efforts led by conscious youth need
on FLAW reduc�on. support, including consumer and producer/farmer
Close coopera� on among research communi� es perspec�ves that care about the sustainability of plan-
and diff erent stakeholders across the food system is et and people.
called for to make progress on evidence-based FLAW Educa�on, for instance through the global sharing
reduc� on and ac� on, including food market analy- of experiences of successful ac�ons, can help coun-
sis, to understand the poten� al of solu� ons and in- tries iden�fy solu�ons pertaining to issues of rele-
nova� ons, and the feasibility of their adop� on. The vance tailored to specific circumstances. Toolkits in
FLAW problem needs further clarifi ca� on as to what it many languages for civil society organiza�ons would
means to people and planet, and what it takes to move be helpful. Dialogue on FLAW needs to be replicated
towards a more sustainable future. As waste is partly more globally, reinforcing posi�ve social norms, and
a behavioral issue, research on the behavioral aspects engaging influencers and role models.
of FLAW needs more a� en� on. 6. Religious communi�es’ ac�ons
The causes of FLAW from a food system perspec-
Our conference was unique in terms of combin-
� ve need to be comprehensively inves� gated in order
ing the science, policy, NGO and business communi-
to avoid trade-off s across interven� ons if prac� ced
�es with religious and ethics debates. As Pope Francis
within silos, and in order to point at their policy im-
put it, “Figh�ng against the terrible scourge of hunger
plica� ons in the short and long term. The main knowl-
means also figh�ng waste. Waste reveals an indiffer-
edge gaps and the research agenda have been outlined
ence towards things and towards those who go with-
in various recent publica� ons, such as the InterAcade-
out. Wastefulness is the crudest form of discarding. I
my Partnership report on “Opportuni� es for future re-
think of the moment when Jesus, a�er the distribu�on
search and innova� ons on food and nutri� on security
of the loaves to the crowd, asks for the scraps to be
and agriculture” (2018).
gathered up, so that nothing would go to waste (cf. Jn
We note the need for urgent ac� on, especial- 6:12). Gathering in order to redistribute; not produc-
ly in Sub-Saharan Africa, Central and Southern �on that leads to waste. To throw food away means to
Asia and other developing regions aff ected by high in- throw people away. It is scandalous today not to no�ce
cidence of food insecurity and food loss. how precious food is as a good, and how so much good
Pathways to eff ec� ve alliances need to refl ect a ends up so badly”. (2019).
systemic approach to FLAW reduc� on, incorpora� ng We call upon all religious communi�es not just to
innova� ons in science and technology, and in monitor- join ac�ons to change behavior for waste reduc�on
ing food items transi� ng through the system. There is and investment ini�a�ves for loss reduc�on, but to
a role for extension services in dissemina� on, and for engage in leading such ini�a�ves. Both loss and waste
universi� es in building FLAW into their curricula. In- are moral issues causing harm beyond their econom-
forma� on and communica� on technologies (ICT) and ic and environmental tolls. Faith-based communi�es
data science prove to be game changers in this respect. should ini�ate dialogues on ac�ng together to sup-
This conference is calling on the research community port, advocate, and partner on reducing FLAW. We
to ommunicate, coordinate and collaborate, and on call on believers of all faiths to communicate through
governments, business and founda� ons to invest new prayers and ar�cula�ons by their leaders and commu-
resources to fund FLAW research. ni�es for sustained change toward achieving SDG 12.3,
Civil society ac� ons: Civil society is taking ac� on halving FLAW by 2030.
in areas related to FLAW. Diff erent groups across the
globe lead campaigns and disseminate informa� on 7. Government ac�ons
and good prac� ces, educa� ng consumers across all Governments at all levels need to set explicit, am-
age groups and youth in par� cular, and advoca� ng for bi�ous, and realis�c FLAW reduc�on targets, measure
more sustainable consump� on pa� erns. Consumers the level and change of FLAW, and implement an effec-
are becoming aware of their environmental footprint �ve and economically efficient FLAW reduc�on strate-
when making choices on food purchases, por� on siz- gy. Some countries have invested in developing plans
es, packaging materials, and distance that foods trav- and ac�ons to reduce FLAW. So far, however, they do
el. Other groups, such as Food Banks, have developed not add up to sufficient global impact and joint ac�on.
models to collect, repurpose and re-distribute food in Investments in cri�cal value-chain infrastructure
urban se� ngs. need to be priori�zed in low- and middle-income
We call for a broadening of efforts at the grass- countries. Such investments would allow for ver�cal
roots level from na�onal or regional networks towards coordina�on and moderniza�on of value chains. The
4food systems summit brief
need for such investments is par�cularly acute collabora�ve responses (e.g. coopera�ve-organized
when dietary pa�erns are changing, and demand for cold chain development and other value chain im-
a more diverse and nutri�ous food basket, especial- provements).
ly in urban areas, is rising. We take note of innova�ve 9. Joint ac�ons, leadership and governance
solu�ons to finance such government plans. A case is
the Sustainable Development Bond launched by the This conference brought together representa�ves
World Bank, and innova�ve financing solu�ons such of all key groups of actors. Ac�on areas for each of
as a Fund for investments for FLAW reduc�on might them have been outlined actor-by-actor in the previ-
facilitate progress in this area. ous points. Yet, to address the FLAW challenge effec-
�vely requires more collec�ve ac�on. We call for joint
Governments should also seek to redress incen- government, and private sector ac�on at the global,
�ve structures (including through price and regulatory regional, country levels, with engagement by religious
measures like standards) such as those that encour- communi�es, civil society and consumers. Such joint
age farmers and other supply chain actors, as well as ac�ons were iden�fied at the conference and include,
retailers and consumers, to adopt prac�ces that help for instance:
reduce FLAW.
Furthermore, two issues need government con- 1. Alliances of different actors require clearly de-
sidera�on at macro scale: diversion from rule-based fined strategies to reduce FLAW (e.g., among
free trade can accelerate FLAW and needs a�en�on; farmers, traders and the corporate sector, as
as FLAW accounts for a significant share of GHG emis- well as among funders);
sions, the issue should feature on the ac�on agenda of 2. Government commitments to measure and
climate nego�a�ons and Na�onally Determined Com- report on FLAW metrics are essen�al for joint
mitments (NDCs). ac�ons. For this SDG 12.3.1.a (for losses) and
SDG 12.3.1.b (for waste) are the indicators
8. Business case and corporate ac�ons that need to be collected;
A business case for addressing FLAW seems to exist, 3. Ins�tu�onal innova�ons and incen�ve sys-
yet needs to be clearly demonstrated. Public support tems are required to bring together broad, sta-
is ini�ally required for implementa�on at scale and to ble and well-funded alliances for the reduc�on
reap societal benefits. A case in point is connec�ng to of FLAW;
small farmers: As food companies aim to create value, 4. Examples of joint ac�ons need to be systema-
business can lead the way in developing models that �cally assessed and evaluated in rela�on to
are more inclusive, also sourcing from small-scale pro- their effec�veness. This can provide the bases
ducers. New product lines that are more sustainable for good storytelling;
will result from implemen�ng business solu�ons that
create shared value, and measure progress towards 5. Increased, aligned, and coordinated invest-
tangible targets. However, to convince customers, cor- ments (and informa�on on investment re-
pora�ons need to assure transparency of ac�ons and turns) will help to expand investments further;
results in terms of FLAW targets. 6. Ini�a�ves for complementary and joint ac�on
Crea�vity is encouraged. For example, FLAW re- between civil society and businesses can be
duc�on can be a large domain for innova�ve start-ups win-win if based on mutual respect and well-
targeted by the financial sector. Voluntary efforts be- defined goals;
ing taken by businesses can be an effec�ve mechanism 7. Joint ac�on for FLAW must also address food
if transparency of results is assured. Market-based safety, to ensure that foods are properly
approaches can help, but a�en�on to impacts on handled, stored, and prepared according to
low-income people and to the indirect effects on en- strict health and consumer protec�on stan-
vironments is necessary. Given simple metrics, se�ng dards. Moreover, supply chains should be ca-
targets and following up company by company, includ- refully checked to prevent the use of forced
ing input suppliers and employees of companies, is a labor and modern slavery;
prac�cal approach. 8. Pathways toward a global ac�on plan and key
Taking a shared value approach is promising when commitments to address exis�ng knowledge
FLAW issues are included in corporate monitoring, au- and research gaps and investments for the re-
di�ng and repor�ng to shareholders. There are also aliza�on of SDG 12.3 need to be promoted;
roles for farmers, farmer organiza�ons and small- and 9. Our conference could be cataly�c at best.
medium-sized enterprises to create awareness of the Much more is needed. A focused food loss
benefits of FLAW reduc�on and, where possible, seek and waste summit conference should be con-
5food systems summit brief
sidered, and the planned 2021 United Na�ons
Nicolas Gerber, Senior Researcher, Center for
Food Systems Summit led by FAO with IFAD, Development Research, University of Bonn
WFP, and others, in addi�on to other global
Mickey Gjerris, Professor, University of
high-level gatherings, should include a strong
Copenhagen
focus on FLAW reduc�on. FLAW reduc�on ac-
Padmanaban Gopalan, Founder of No Food Waste
�on for the achievement of SDG 12.3 needs a
facilita�ng mechanism, adhered to by United Marcus Gover, CEO of WRAP
Na�ons, governments, civil society and the San�ago Guglielme�, WINIM App, Argen�na
private sector; Ashok Gula�, Professor for Agricultural Policy,
10. We aim for coordinated communica�on ef- ICRIER, Member of Central Bank Board India
forts to raise the profile of the FLAW issue in Craig Hanson, Vice President of Food/Forests/
the media and mobilize civil society and the re- Water/Oceans, WRI
ligious communi�es to embed FLAW reduc�on Selina Juul, Stop Was�ng Food
efforts as part of an inclusive and sustainable Yolanda Kakabadse, Former President, World Wide
food system. Fund Interna�onal
Be�y Kibaara, Director, Food Ini�a�ve, The
Rockefeller Founda�on
The Statement has been signed by: Mar�n Kopp, Director, Living the Change,
Joachim von Braun, President of the Pon�fical GreenFaith
Academy of Sciences Lucyna Kurtyka, Senior Scien�fic Program Director,
H.E. Msgr. Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo, Bishop- Founda�on for Food and Agriculture Research
Chancellor of the Pon�fical Academy of Sciences Steven Lapidge, CEO of Fight Food Waste
Msgr. Dario E. Viganò, Vice-Chancellor of the Coopera�ve Research Centre, Australia
Pon�fical Academy of Sciences Dirk E. Maier, Professor & Director, Consor�um for
Roy Steiner, Senior Vice President, The Rockefeller Innova�on in Post-Harvest Loss and Food Waste
Founda�on Reduc�on, Iowa State University
Dongyu Qu, Director General, Food and Agriculture Mathias Mogge, General Secretary, Welthungerhilfe
Organiza�on of the United Na�ons Saul Morris, Director of Program Service, Global
Gilbert F. Houngbo, President, Interna�onal Fund Alliance for Improved Nutri�on
for Agricultural Development Clemen�ne O’Connor, Programme Officer,
Máximo Torero, Assistant Director General, Sustainable Food Systems, UN Environment
Economic and Social Development Department, Programme
Food and Agriculture Organiza�on of the United Linus Opara, DST-NRF South African Research Chair
Na�ons in Postharvest Technology, Stellenbosch University
Rafael Flor, Senior Program Officer, Agricultural Ludovica Principato, Senior Researcher and
Development, The Bill & Melinda Gates Founda�on Scien�fic Communica�on Coordinator, Barilla
Jane Ambuko, Senior Lecturer, Postharvest Project, Founda�on
University of Nairobi Kenneth M. Quinn, President, The World Food Prize
Vytenis Andriukaitis, Commissioner, European Founda�on
Commission Stefan Schmitz, German Federal Ministry for
Marta Antonelli, Barilla Founda�on Economic Coopera�on and Development
Vanderlei Bagnato, PAS Academician, University of Philippe Schuler, Too Good To Go
Sao Paulo Steve Sonka, University Illinois, Consor�um in Post-
Javiera Charad, Nestlé Harvest Loss and Food Waste Reduc�on
Jacobine Das Gupta, Director Sustainability of DSM Toine Timmermans, Wageningen University
Oby Ezekwesili, Public Policy Analyst / Senior Ben Valk, Global Head Mul�lateral Development
Economic Advisor, AEDPI Banks and Government Rela�ons, Rabobank
Sara Farley, Managing Director, Food Ini�a�ve, The Rob Vos, Division Director, Interna�onal Food Policy
Rockefeller Founda�on Research Ins�tute
Kevin Fay, Execu�ve Director, Global Food Cold
Chain Council
Hans-Joachim Fuchtel, Parliamentary State Secretary,
Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Federal Republic of
Germany
6food systems summit brief
Food Systems Summit Briefs are prepared by researchers of Partners of the Scien�fic Group for the United
Na�ons Food Systems Summit. They are made available under the responsibility of the authors. The views
presented may not be a�ributed to the Scien� fi c Group or to the partner organisa�ons with which the
authors are affiliated.
The authors are:
Joachim von Braun, Professor for economic and technological change, Bonn University and President of the
Pon�fical Academy of Sciences.
M. Sanchéz Sor ondo, Chancellor of the Pon�fical Academy of Sciences.
Roy Steiner, Senior Vice President, The Rockefeller Founda�on.
For further informa� on about the Scien�fic Group,
visit h�ps://sc-fss2021.org or
contact info@sc-fss2021.org
@sc_fss2021
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