PSYCHOLOGY MEDICINE - The University of Adelaide
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UNDERGRADUATE DEGREES
Allied Health
Dentistry
Health and Medical Sciences
Medicine
Nursing
Oral Health
Psychology
ALLIEDHEALTH
PSYCHOLOGY
MEDICINE
Integrating innovative teaching,
hands-on experience and cutting-
edge research, our Faculty of
Health and Medical Sciences is a
world leader in health education.
We’re ranked at the top of the Group
of Eight universities nationally
for good teaching; and second
across all Australian universities for
overall satisfaction of the student
experience (Australian Graduate
WHY THE
UNIVERSITY
OF ADELAIDE?
RANKED IN TOP 1% SA’S NO.1 UNI MEMBER OF ASSOCIATED WITH PRODUCED OVER
OF UNIVERSITIES FOR GRADUATE THE GROUP 5 NOBEL PRIZE 100 RHODES
WORLDWIDE EMPLOYABILITY* OF EIGHT WINNERS SCHOLARS
Education that enlightens Our long and proud tradition instils 01 Why the University of Adelaide?
confidence in our students. We are
02 Why Health?
Studying with South Australia’s highest Australia’s third-oldest university and
ranked university—consistently placed have a history of excellence in education 07 Careers and study
among the world’s top 1%—equips spanning more than 145 years.
08 election rank isn’t the only
S
students to be tomorrow’s leaders. We are distinguished by a commitment way into university
Having learnt from, and with, teachers to equality and an ongoing focus on 10 Allied Health
and researchers who are themselves delivering outstanding research for
international leaders in their fields, the benefit of society. The University 16 Dentistry and Oral Health
our graduates are highly regarded has played key roles in many of the 22 Medicine
and professionally recognised around world’s important discoveries and
the globe. What’s more, they’re well advancements, and our alumni have 26 Nursing
prepared to take advantage of the contributed significantly to shaping 30 Health and Medical Sciences
opportunities this recognition can the educational, political and social
34 Psychology
bring; with a complementary emphasis arenas of their day.
on practical career skills, we’re also 38 Related degrees
At the University of Adelaide, students
the state’s leading university for are taught, supported and inspired to 40 Undergraduate degree index
graduate employability*. be everything they can be. 41 Applying to the University of Adelaide
* QS Graduate Employability Ranking 2020.
^ Times Higher Education and QS Ranking
Why the University of Adelaide? 1
WHY HEALTH?
The University of Adelaide’s wide range
of undergraduate health-related degrees
can open doors to a successful, rewarding
career that enables you to improve
health and wellbeing around the globe.
Integrating innovative teaching, hands-on
experience and cutting-edge research, our
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences is a
world leader in health education. We’re ranked
number one in South Australia for Life Sciences
and Medicine, Nursing, Psychology and
Dentistry (QS Rankings by Subject, 2019).
Our degrees are underpinned by a vibrant
student culture. Our state-of-the-art facilities
are among the best in Australasia. We have
strong, well-established links to research
centres, institutes and the health care industry,
giving you the opportunity to immediately start
building your professional networks.
You will graduate as a compassionate, high- DEVELOPING FUTURE
LEADERS IN HEALTH
achieving professional with the skills, knowledge,
and leadership expertise to make a difference
in our community, whether in health care,
research, policy or all of the above. To learn The Faculty of Health and Medical
more, visit: www.health.adelaide.edu.au Sciences has a reputation for producing
highly skilled graduates who are well
Adelaide Health and Medical regarded by industry. The faculty is
Sciences building ranked number one in South Australia
for Life Sciences and Medicine, Nursing,
In 2017, the faculty entered an exciting new Psychology and Dentistry (QS Rankings
era in health education with the opening of the by Subject, 2019). Our degrees will
14-floor, $246 million Adelaide Health and provide you with hands-on experience in
Medical Sciences (AHMS) building. Located in real-world environments, allowing you
the heart of the Adelaide Biomed City alongside to develop the skills and confidence to
the Royal Adelaide Hospital and South Australian excel in your chosen career.
Health and Medical Research Institute, the
AHMS building is home to the new Adelaide
Dental Hospital, our expansive research and
our flagship medical and nursing degrees.
The building brings together more than 1600
students and 700 health researchers in a vibrant,
innovative environment where learning and
discovery work hand-in-hand.
2 Why Health? Why Health? 3
The scheme offers Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander Australians an alternative entry pathway LIFE EXPERIENCE
THROUGH GLOBAL
to study the following degrees:
• Bachelor of Dental Surgery
• Bachelor of Health and Medical Sciences
• Bachelor of Health and Medical
Sciences (Advanced)
LEARNING
• Bachelor of Medical Studies /
www.adelaide.edu.au/global-learning
Doctor of Medicine All students will have the opportunity to
• Bachelor of Physiotherapy (Honours) study overseas (subject to any travel restrictions)
through a range of programs, including student
• Bachelor of Speech Pathology (Honours) exchange, study tours and summer and winter
• Bachelor of Occupational Therapy (Honours) schools. There are many exciting opportunities
in Europe, Asia, the Americas and Africa.
• Bachelor of Nursing
• Bachelor of Oral Health
ABORIGINAL AND
• Bachelor of Psychological Science.
World-class simulation discipline, Global Learning experiences* Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Access
can include short study tours, semester Entry Scheme applicants are assessed on
TORRES STRAIT
and clinical skills facilities
exchanges, clinical placements or volunteer several factors, including: educational history;
State-of-the-art facilities, new teaching styles, opportunities. This opportunity will give employment experience; understanding of the
ISLANDERS
and the latest technologies are taking our you a global perspective on major health chosen degree of study; an interview, and other
degrees into the future and transforming challenges, and provide the chance to factors that demonstrate their skills and study.
health sciences education, research and build confidence and intercultural skills.
patient care in South Australia. The interview panel will include an Indigenous
Student Support Officer, a representative from www.adelaide.edu.au/wirltu-yarlu
Our world-class facilities include the: Dental Yaitya Purruna Indigenous Health Unit the academic area in which the applicant seeks
Simulation Clinic; Ray Last laboratories, The words ‘yaitya purruna’ are from the enrolment, and a student representative. The University of Adelaide values diversity
for bioskills, surgical skills and anatomy; Kaurna language of the Adelaide Plains where the rich cultures of Aboriginal and
and Adelaide Health Simulation. Located For more information about the scheme, Torres Strait Islanders are taught, supported
People, and mean ‘our own health and eligibility criteria and admissions process,
in the AHMS building, Adelaide Health wellbeing’. Yaitya Purruna Indigenous Health and celebrated. Wirltu Yarlu provides a range
Simulation is the most high-tech health care visit: www.adelaide.edu.au/wirltu-yarlu/ of services, schemes and preparation programs
Unit provides support for all Aboriginal and study-with-us
teaching facility in Australasia and the only Torres Strait Islander students studying in that are designed to support your desire to gain
Australian simulation facility accredited with the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences. educational outcomes. Wirltu Yarlu is a place
the Society for Simulation in Healthcare Incidental fees where students can soar to new heights.
for excellence in learning and teaching. For more information, visit:
Most students in the faculty will have additional
It includes 24 real-life simulation spaces, http://health.adelaide.edu.au/engage/
costs, over and above their tuition fees.
four critical-care operation theatres, eight facilities-services/yaitya-purruna
Depending on the degree, this can include
acute-care ward suites, and four virtual
home environments. Our AHMS location Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander Access Entry Scheme
things like textbooks, equipment, required
immunisations, clearance renewals, first aid WANT TO GET A
HEADSTART ON UNI?
is seamlessly linked to an additional 12 certificates, travel and accommodation for
simulation spaces in the city’s East End. placements, and student amenities fees.
Wirltu Yarlu Aboriginal Education
administers the Aboriginal and Torres Strait For each degree’s specific fees, visit:
Global Learning experiences Islander Access Entry Scheme in partnership www.adelaide.edu.au/student/finance/other-fees
The faculty provides you with the valuable with the Faculty of Health and Medical www.adelaide.edu.au/headstart
* Subject to travel restrictions
opportunity to study overseas* during Sciences’ Indigenous Student Support The University of Adelaide’s Headstart scholarship
your degree. Depending on your chosen Officer and Admissions Team. program gives high-achieving students the
opportunity to study at university while still in Year
12, and have these university studies count towards
FIT UNI their SACE and their university aggregate/ATAR.
INTO LIFE While studying at the University part-time,
Headstart students not only have the opportunity
to find out what university life is like before they
finish school, but also contribute to, and benefit
This diary snapshot is an example of how you may
choose to schedule your university study and life.
MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY from, the diverse cultural and intellectual life of
the University of Adelaide.
Attendance at university is less structured than at 8-9am Human Biology lecture 10am-12pm Clinical Skills tutorial 10am-12pm Case Based 8am-12pm Medicine lectures 8am Bioscience lecture For further information:
high school. Hours spent on campus in lectures, 9-11am Human Biology tutorial 12-1pm Medicine lecture
Learning tutorial
1-2.30pm Ethics/Medical Personal 9-11am Anatomy practical session Telephone: +61 8 8313 0165
tutorials, practicals or in the field—known as 12pm Lunch at UniBar and Professional Development Email: start@adelaide.edu.au
11am-2pm Private study/lunch break 1pm Meet in Hub Central 1-3pm CBL tutorial
‘contact hours’—depend on the degree enrolled 4-5pm Bioscience lecture
(MPPD) tutorial
in, study mode selected (internal, external, online 2-4pm Case Based Learning 3-4pm Interprofessional 5.30pm Friday drinks on Rundle St
4-5pm MPPD lecture
(CBL) tutorial learning tutorial 6pm Private study
or flexible learning) and course choices. 5.30pm Rowing practice
6-8pm Private study 6-8pm Adelaide University
Medical Orchestra practice 7pm Private study
4 Why Health? Why Health? 5
THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE
IS RANKED IN THE TOP 1% OF CAREERS PLEASE Some careers will
require further study
AND STUDY
NOTE at postgraduate level
UNIVERSITIES WORLDWIDE AND SOUTH Indicative study-to-career pathways
AUSTRALIA’S LEADING UNIVERSITY
Areas of interest Degrees Potential career pathways Areas of interest Degrees Potential career pathways
Anatomy Bachelor of Health Community health worker Anatomy Bachelor of Aged care
Biology and Medical Health information and Biology Speech Pathology Mental health
Sciences
118 106 152
Health promotion officer Communication Health promotion
Medical sciences Health policy advisory/planner Health
Public and private
Neuroscience Medical/research/clinical/ Health promotion health organisations
Nutrition nutrition scientist Language
Palliative care
Public health Researcher Psychology
Reproductive health Rehabilitation centres
Public health
Research
2020 Times 2020 QS World 2019 Academic Member of
Research Physiology
Rehabilitation Schools
Higher Education University Rankings of World the Group Research
world ranking ranking Universities (ARWU) of Eight Anatomy Bachelor of Community health worker Social sciences
Entrepreneurship Health and Health information and
Health Medical Sciences promotion officer
(Advanced)
Leadership Health policy advisory/planner Anatomy Bachelor of Academia
Medical sciences Biology Medical Studies/ Accident and emergency
RANKED
Medical/research/clinical/
Neuroscience nutrition scientist Chemistry Doctor of
Medicine Clinical and medical research
Nutrition Researcher Clinical practice
TOP IN SOUTH
Doctor
ARTS AND HEALTH
Public health
Reproductive health
Community health
Disease prevention
General practice
AUSTRALIA FOR: HUMANITIES (Times Higher Ed,
QS, ERA)
Research Health
Healthcare leadership
Intensive care
Medical research
(Times Higher Ed, QS, ERA)
Human behaviour Medicine
Biology Bachelor Academia/clinical testing Medical sociology Obstetrics
Community health of Nursing
COMPUTER ALL 6 SCIENCES Clinical practice
Aid organisations
Hospice care
Surgery Population and global health
ENGINEERING
Psychiatry
SCIENCE
Health
Infection control
(Times Higher Ed, Health promotion Sports medicine
(Times Higher Ed, QS, ERA) FIELDS (QS) QS, ERA) Infection control
Nursing
Public, private or
community health care
Surgery
Registered nurse
Medical care
Research Biology Bachelor of Academia
NURSING (QS)
Palliative care
MATHEMATICS STEM Social care Clinical practice
Community health
Dental Surgery Defence forces
(QS, ERA) 9th in Australia (QS, ERA) Private practice
Top 50 in the world Dentistry
Public practice in government,
Anatomy Bachelor of Aged care Disease prevention community or school-based
Biology Occupational Mental health Health facilities
Therapy
#1
Health Health promotion
Health promotion
Oral health care
ONLY SOUTH AUSTRALIAN
Health promotion
FOR GRADUATE
Public and private
Psychology health organisations
UNIVERSITY WITH QS
Public health
EMPLOYABILITY*
Rehabilitation centres
Physiology Biology Bachelor of Community and social welfare
Research Data analysis Psychological
Rehabilitation Family and social justice
Our graduates are the most
employable in South Australia
RANKING IN VETERINARY Research
Social sciences
Schools Health
Human behaviour
Science
Health promotion
SCIENCE AND DENTISTRY
Human resource management
Psychology
* QS Graduate Employability ranking 2020 Juvenile justice and
Social sciences
correctional services
Anatomy Bachelor of Aged care Sociology
Physiotherapy Market research and advertising
Biology Mental health Statistics
Health Mental health services
Health promotion
Health promotion Product development
Public and private
Psychology health organisations Research/academia
Public health Training and development
Rehabilitation centres
Physiology
Research
Rehabilitation
Research Sporting organisations
Social sciences
6 Why Health? Careers and study 7
SELECTION RANK ISN’T THE
ONLY WAY INTO UNIVERSITY
Choose subjects at school that will help you prepare for Subject-based pathways are available into:
success at university and take advantage of the subject- • Arts
based entry to some of our most popular degrees. Apply as • Commerce
normal through SATAC, and list the University of Adelaide
• Engineering
in your preferences, and we’ll assess your application
• Health and Medical Science
against your subjects as well as your Selection Rank.
• Media
Note: you must complete your SACE and have achieved • Psychological Science
an ATAR to be considered. • Science
University of Adelaide degree Subject-based entry criteria Grade
Bachelor of Arts English Literary Studies (2ELS20) or English (2ESH20) B or better
All varieties except Advanced and
Any other Humanities or Social Science subject B or better
Bachelor of Commerce English Literary Studies (2ELS20) or English (2ESH20) B or better
and
Specialist Mathematics (2MSC20) or Mathematical B or better
Methods (2MHS20) or General Mathematics (2MGM20)
Bachelor of Engineering (Honours) Specialist Mathematics (2MSC20) B or better
(Chemical), (Environmental) and
HEALTH HQ
Mathematical Methods (2MHS20) B or better
and
Chemistry (2CEM20) C or better
Bachelor of Engineering (Honours) Specialist Mathematics (2MSC20) B or better
(Architectural and Structural), and
(Civil), (Electrical and Electronic), Mathematical Methods (2MHS20) B or better
(Mechanical), (Mining), (Petroleum), and
(with/without major), (Software) Physics (2PYI20) C or better
Bachelor of Media English Literary Studies (2ELS20) or English (2ESH20) B or better
All varieties and
Discover your future at Adelaide
Any other Humanities Social Science subject B or better
Bachelor of Psychological Science English Literary Studies (2ELS20) or English (2ESH20) B or better
and
Specialist Mathematics (2MSC20) or Mathematical B or better
Methods (2MHS20) or General Mathematics (2MGM20)
Bachelor of Health and Medical Science Biology (2BGY20) or Chemistry (2CEM20) or Physics (2PYI20) B or better A free event showcasing the degrees
MAY 2021
and available from the Faculty of Medical
Biology (2BGY20) or Chemistry (2CEM20) or Physics (2PYI20) B or better
or Specialist Mathematics (2MSC20) or Mathematical
Sciences at the University of Adelaide.
Methods (2MHS20) or General Mathematics (2MGM20)
Bachelor of Science Biology (2BGY20) or Chemistry (2CEM20) or Physics (2PYI20) B or better
or Earth and Environmental Science (2EES20)
and
Biology or Chemistry (2CEM20) or Physics (2PYI20) or C or better
Earth and Environmental Science (2EES20) or Specialist
Mathematics (2MSC20) or Mathematical Methods (2MHS20)
Register your interest:
www.health.adelaide.edu.au/health-hq
8 Selection rank isn’t the only way into university
ALLIED
A degree in physiotherapy, speech
pathology or occupational therapy is
A career in speech pathology offers a
rewarding opportunity to have a profound WHY THE
more than a career, it’s an opportunity
to have a profound positive impact on
and lifelong positive effect on the lives of
individuals, families and communities. UNIVERSITY
the lives of others.
With comprehensive hands-on practical
Clinical placement requirements OF ADELAIDE?
To undertake clinical placements—
HEALTH
experience in both simulated and real
health care settings, you will be equipped a compulsory part of our allied health SA’s most complete
to work in a broad range of areas. These degrees—you must satisfy a number and globally
of requirements. These include: recognised health
include mental health or community education environment
health services, public or private • criminal history clearance
hospitals, rehabilitation centres, sporting
organisations, schools or private practice. • first aid certificate (including CPR) Learn from practising
• immunisations and prescribed professionals with
You’ll graduate with the knowledge and an emphasis on
skills required to work with people and communicable infections (PCI) screening real-world experience
communities in inter-professional and • tuberculosis screening
culturally responsive ways that enable
• clinical placement deed poll Enjoy high-level inter-
them to reach their physical, cognitive professional learning
and developmental goals, enhancing • student and professional registration. in a safe, supportive
their quality of life. Students will be required to undertake environment
clinical placements in metropolitan
What is occupational therapy?
and rural locations, in line with the
Occupational therapy helps people of requirements of their degree, and the
all ages to actively and independently clinical placement program.
participate in activities they find
For more details, visit:
meaningful, and those critical to daily life:
www.health.adelaide.edu.au/study-with-
parenting, work, education, socialising,
us/student-support/clinical-placements
leisure, and looking after themselves. Time dedicated to study
A career in occupational therapy will Inherent requirements Our allied health degrees are not available
enable you to significantly enhance Inherent requirements are the fundamental for part-time study. As a full-time student
quality of life for individuals, families parts of a degree that must be met by all you can expect to spend about 30 to 38
and communities. students. They are the abilities, knowledge hours (Monday to Friday) on campus
and skills you’ll need to complete the each week, engaged in: classes, simulated
What is physiotherapy? learning activities, clinical instruction,
degree. If you have a disability or chronic
Physiotherapy is concerned with helping health condition, of course, reasonable small-group discovery sessions, tutorials
people recover, maintain and enhance their adjustments can be made to help you and learning laboratories.
ability to move freely and without pain. meet the requirements. But this must not Clinical courses may require out-of-hours
Employing physical examination, diagnosis, compromise academic integrity. involvement, and some courses require
prognosis, intervention, rehabilitation and off-campus placements.
For more details, visit: http://health.adelaide.
education, physiotherapists help people
edu.au/study-with-us/allied-health
of all ages overcome injury and disability,
preserve physical condition during and after
illness, and improve athletic performance.
Choosing physiotherapy will lead to a wide
range of rewarding career opportunities.
What is speech pathology?
Speech pathology involves working
with children and adults of all ages to
overcome developmental or acquired
communication and swallowing challenges.
Speech pathologists use knowledge and
skill spanning anatomy, neurophysiology,
linguistics and psychology to provide
evidence-based, patient-centred care in
diverse community, education, disability
and health settings.
10 Allied Health Allied Health 11
BACHELOR OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY (HONOURS) BACHELOR OF
PHYSIOTHERAPY (HONOURS)
You’ll regularly access our purpose-built You’ll regularly access our purpose-built
SATAC CODE DURATION CAMPUS SATAC CODE DURATION CAMPUS
training facilities and state-of-the-art training facilities and state-of-the-art
354271 4 years full-time North Terrace 354251 4 years full-time North Terrace
simulation suites—among Australasia’s simulation suites—among Australasia’s
PREREQUISITES most advanced. In addition, you’ll PREREQUISITES most advanced. In addition you’ll
SACE Stage 2: Biology or Chemistry or Mathematical benefit from collaborative learning with SACE Stage 2: Biology or Chemistry or Mathematical benefit from collaborative learning with
Methods or equivalent. key complementary disciplines speech Methods or equivalent. key complementary disciplines speech
IB: Biology (SL grade 4/HL grade 3) or Chemistry pathology and physiotherapy. IB: Biology (SL grade 4/HL grade 3) or Chemistry
(SL grade 4/HL grade 3) or Mathematics: Applications (SL grade 4/HL grade 3) or Mathematics: Applications
pathology and occupational therapy.
and Interpretations (HL) or Mathematics: Analysis From late in third year, you’ll choose one and Interpretations (HL) or Mathematics: Analysis From third year, you’ll choose one of two
and Approaches (SL), or equivalent. and Approaches (SL), or equivalent.
of two streams—research* or industry— streams—research* or industry—and
ADDITIONAL ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
and undertake a major project. Research ADDITIONAL ENTRY REQUIREMENTS undertake a major project. Research
Strict quotas apply and late applications will will hone your skills in developing new Strict quotas apply and late applications will will hone your skills in developing new
not be considered. knowledge; industry focuses on integrating not be considered. knowledge; industry focuses on integrating
To meet the minimum academic threshold for entry, research into practice. To meet the minimum academic threshold for entry, research into practice.
applicants must achieve a Selection Rank of 90 or applicants must achieve a Selection Rank of 90 or
above, or an International Baccalaureate (IB) score of above, or an International Baccalaureate (IB) score of
33 or above (or the interstate/overseas equivalent). Where could it take you? 33 or above (or the interstate/overseas equivalent). Where could it take you?
You’ll graduate eligible to pursue a wide You’ll graduate eligible to pursue a wide
adelaide.edu.au/degree-finder adelaide.edu.au/degree-finder
Search occupational therapy
range of career opportunities working with Search occupational therapy
range of career opportunities. You could help
communities and populations to achieve cancer patients improve their condition—
and maintain health and well-being. You and spirit—during treatment. You could
could help children with sensory issues help a range of people better manage a
Transform lives by promoting health realise their full learning—and life— Transform lives through freedom variety of health conditions. You might
potential. You might help elderly people help a child take their first steps, or you
and well-being maintain the capacity to live in their of movement could help someone get back to work, sport
Occupational therapists help us build and treasured family homes. Perhaps you’ll help Physiotherapists help us recover, maintain or other activities. Those in the research
protect the specific capabilities we need those recovering from workplace trauma and enhance our ability to move freely and stream may change the way we assess and
to effectively participate in the critical return to their passion. without pain. They help us overcome injury, manage a range of conditions, leading to
activities of our daily lives: learning, preserve physical condition during and after better health outcomes for the population.
socialising, playing, doing our jobs and Professional accreditation illness, and improve athletic performance.
simply looking after ourselves. Accredited with conditions by the But the psychological impact of that is Professional accreditation
By guiding and supporting physical and Occupational Therapy Council and approved far from purely technical; it’s a critical The Bachelor of Physiotherapy program has
psychological progress, they help individuals, by the Occupational Therapy Board. component of positive mental health and been conditionally accredited for a period
families and communities create or restore an enabler of a rewarding quality of life. of 4 years, starting from the 31/12/2020.
meaning, purpose and independence. Industry placement The University of Adelaide looks forward
What will you do? to continuing to work with the Australian
What will you do? Students will be introduced to clinical
placement in the second year of study, Our Bachelor of Physiotherapy (Honours) Physiotherapy Council during this period.
Our Bachelor of Occupational Therapy before completing 1000+ hours of clinical equips you to assess and manage a range
(Honours) equips you to identify, prevent placement in a range of metropolitan of health conditions. Industry placement
and manage the full range of challenges to and rural settings throughout the final With many courses taught by registered From first year, students will undertake
everyday activity. 18 months of the program. practising physiotherapists, the degree an observational clinical placement,
With many courses taught by registered * Entry into the research stream will be based places an emphasis on real-world experience. before completing 900+ hours of clinical
practising occupational therapists, the on academic merit. In up to 900 hours of work-based training, placement in a range of metropolitan
degree places an emphasis on real-world you’ll work with children and adults of all and rural settings throughout the final
experience. In over 1,000 hours of work- ages in multiple settings, which may include: 18 months of the program.
based training, you’ll work with children public and private health organisations;
and adults of all ages in multiple settings: schools; rehabilitation centres; sporting *E
ntry into the research stream will be based
on academic merit.
public and private health organisations; organisations; aged care and more.
schools; rehabilitation centres; aged care; You’ll gain high-level knowledge and
mental health and more. skills in:
You’ll gain high-level knowledge and • human anatomy, biomechanics
skills in: and physiology
• human anatomy, physiology and • clinical assessment and management
pathophysiology of patients with cardiothoracic,
• rehabilitation from short- and long-term musculoskeletal and neurological
injury, musculoskeletal and neurological dysfunction, and developmental disorders
conditions, chronic illness, disability and • safe patient handling practices and
mental health issues patient education
• specialised practice with children • broad public health issues
and families
• evidence-based, patient-centred care.
• broad public health issues and population
approaches to health and wellbeing
• cultural diversity, with a focus on
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
people and communities, and rural or
international health perspectives
• evidence-based, patient-centred care.
12 Allied Health Allied Health 13
BACHELOR OF SPEECH PATHOLOGY (HONOURS)
You’ll regularly access our purpose-built
SATAC CODE DURATION CAMPUS
training facilities and state-of-the-art
354261 4 years full-time North Terrace
simulation suites—among Australasia’s
PREREQUISITES most advanced. In addition you’ll benefit
SACE Stage 2: English PLUS one of Biology or Chemistry from collaborative learning with key
or Mathematical Methods or equivalent. complementary disciplines physiotherapy
IB: Biology (SL grade 4/HL grade 3) or Chemistry and occupational therapy.
(SL grade 4/HL grade 3) or Mathematics: Applications
and Interpretations (HL) or Mathematics: Analysis From late third year, you’ll choose one
and Approaches (SL), English or equivalent.
of two streams—research* or industry—
ADDITIONAL ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
and undertake a major project. Research
Strict quotas apply and late applications will will hone your skills in developing new
not be considered. knowledge; industry focuses on integrating
To meet the minimum academic threshold for entry, research into practice.
applicants must achieve a Selection Rank of 90 or
above, or an International Baccalaureate (IB) score of
33 or above (or the interstate/overseas equivalent). Where could it take you?
You’ll graduate eligible to pursue a
adelaide.edu.au/degree-finder
Search speech pathology
wide range of career opportunities. You
could help children with disabilities or
developmental delays connect with their
peers by overcoming social communication
Transform lives through the power challenges. You might help a person who
has had a stroke regain their ability to eat
of communication and communicate, or support a patient
Speech pathologists help us make use of in end-of-life care. Perhaps you’ll enable
arguably our most precious capability— adults with acquired or traumatic brain
communication. As humans, we are innately injuries communicate with others, or be
social, our lives revolve around connecting part of a therapeutic team working towards
with others through eating, drinking, work achieving the person’s goal of gaining
and play. Speech pathologists help people employment.
of all ages to participate in their life and
connect with others. Professional accreditation
Talented speech pathologists are already highly The Bachelor of Speech Pathology
sought-after, and demand is growing fast. (Honours) is undertaking the Qualifying
Accreditation process in accordance with
What will you do? the accreditation procedures of the national
Our Bachelor of Speech Pathology professional body, Speech Pathology Australia.
(Honours) equips you to assess, diagnose
and treat conditions across the full scope Industry placement
of speech pathology practice; speech and Students will be introduced to clinical
language, swallowing, fluency, voice and placement in the third year of study and
multimodal communication. Our courses will be required to complete 800+
have an emphasis on inter-professional and hours of clinical placement in a range
culturally responsive practice. With many of metropolitan and rural settings
of the courses taught by certified practising throughout the program.
speech pathologists, the degree facilitates
* Entry into the research stream will be based
the development of transferrable skills
on academic merit.
through real-world learning experiences.
In over 800 hours of clinical-based training,
you’ll have the opportunity to work with
children and adults of all ages in public
and private health, community, disability,
education and aged-care settings.
You’ll gain high-level knowledge and skills in:
• head and neck anatomy and
neurophysiology
• speech and language development,
linguistics and phonetics, motor speech,
aphasia, cognition and swallowing
• current public health and justice
system topics
• working with culturally and linguistically
diverse populations, including Aboriginal
and Torres Strait Islander people
and communities
• evidence-based, person-centred care.
14 Allied Health Allied Health 15
DENTISTRY
A centre of excellence since 1920, Adelaide
Dental School is the highest ranked dental
Run by the Adelaide Dental School, with
assistance from a group of dedicated WHY THE
school in Australia and offers you the chance
to learn in one of the country’s most
volunteer private dentists and allied health
professionals, the program has provided UNIVERSITY
advanced dental facilities. In 2017, the
school relocated to the $246 million Adelaide
care for over 1,240 disadvantaged South
Australians since its establishment in 2011. OF ADELAIDE?
Health and Medical Sciences (AHMS)
AND ORAL
89
building, which is also home to the state- Dental Simulation Clinic
of-the-art Adelaide Dental Hospital.
CHAIR DENTAL
As one of our dentistry or oral health
students you’ll have the opportunity to
HOSPITAL
Our staff have won national awards for
their outstanding teaching, knowledge perfect your skills in a clinical environment
and practical skills. Together with real- using the latest simulation technology.
01 RANKED NO.1
world clinical placements and hands-on With 90 individual simulators available,
simulation learning, this will ensure you dental students spend more than 550 IN AUSTRALIA*
HEALTH
gain the knowledge, skills and confidence hours in the simulation clinic as part of
to excel in your chosen career. their curriculum, and oral health students
more than 330.
What is dentistry?
RANKED 28TH
Dentistry is the profession concerned with Dentistry and Oral Health clinical
placement requirements
IN THE WORLD^
preventing, diagnosing and treating problems
of the teeth, jaws and mouth. Good dental To undertake clinical placements in
health is important for everyone, making dentistry—a compulsory part of the
dentistry a primary health care profession. degrees—you must satisfy a number of * Dentistry, Academic Ranking of World
Universities by Subject, 2020
Choose a career in dentistry and you’ll requirements. These include:
make a difference to the lives of many. ^ Dentistry, QS World University
• Australian Health Practitioner Rankings by Subject, 2020
What is oral health? Regulation Agency student registration
Oral health includes dental hygiene, • criminal history clearance
prevention and treatment of oral disease, • immunisations and prescribed
professional cleaning, and health communicable infections (PCI) screening
promotion through education. Good
oral health is essential throughout life. • tuberculosis screening
Time dedicated to study
Choosing to work in oral health will lead • clinical placement deed poll.
to a rewarding career helping people of all If studying full-time, you can expect to
For more details, visit:
ages maintain healthy teeth and gums. spend about 25 to 35 hours (Monday to
www.health.adelaide.edu.au/study-with-us/
Friday) on campus each week, engaged
student-support/clinical-placements
Adelaide Dental Hospital in: classes, simulated learning activities,
Inherent requirements clinical instruction, small-group discovery
Featuring 89 dental chairs, the Adelaide sessions, tutorials and learning laboratories.
Dental Hospital in the AHMS building Inherent requirements are the fundamental
is one of the advanced clinical training parts of a degree that must be met by all Clinical courses will require out-of-hours
grounds available to our dentistry and students. They are the abilities, knowledge involvement, and some courses require
oral health students. and skills you’ll need to complete the off-campus placements.
Run in partnership with the South degree. If you have a disability or chronic
Global Learning experiences
Australian Dental Service, the hospital health condition, of course, reasonable
offers you the chance to work alongside adjustments can be made to help you As a dentistry student you’ll have the
professional dentists to deliver year-round meet the requirements. But this must not opportunity to undertake a two-week
oral health services for disadvantaged compromise academic integrity. study tour to Vietnam (subject to travel
members of our community. restrictions) as part of your clinical
For more details, visit:
placement, working as part of a clinical
www.health.adelaide.edu.au/study-with-us/
Community Outreach Dental Program team in schools and private practices.
dentistry-oral-health/dentistry-oral-
The Community Outreach Dental health-inherent-requirements
Program provides dental and other
health services for people experiencing
homelessness or having difficulty
accessing conventional care.
16 Dentistry and Oral Health Dentistry and Oral Health 17BACHELOR OF DENTAL SURGERY
SATAC CODE DURATION CAMPUS
Where could it take you? Application process Information for Application process 3. Applicants must submit their application
international students only and payments prior to 30 June 2021.
314122 5 years full-time North Terrace You could work in a local or community There are two distinct parts to the 1. University Clinical Aptitude Test
Applicants who have not yet completed
dental clinic or provide dental care for application process. (UCAT ANZ) application. International
PREREQUISITES Bachelor of Dental Surgery admission overview their current qualification will still be
people in the developing world. You might 1. University Clinical Aptitude applicants are required to register and sit
SACE Stage 2: Two subjects—one from Chemistry, required to apply by this date. Closing
Mathematical Methods, Specialist Mathematics or become a defence force dentist. Perhaps Test (UCAT ANZ) application Applicants will be ranked in consideration for the UCAT ANZ. The UCAT ANZ
dates are strictly adhered to and late
Physics and one from Biology, Chemistry, Geology you’ll be a researcher, making new All applicants, with the exception for an offer based on their performance in is used widely to help universities select
or Physics. submissions will not be accepted.
discoveries to improve oral health care. of those entering via the Aboriginal the following three components: applicants with the most appropriate
IB: two science subjects (SL grade 4/ HL grade 3), or Please note: testimonials, character/school
one science subject plus Mathematics: Applications and Torres Strait Islander Pathway, • interview results—first ranking level mental abilities, attitudes and professional
and Interpretations (HL) or Mathematics: Professional accreditation behaviours required for new doctors and references, awards, certificates and predicted
Analysis and Approaches (SL or HL). Note: subject
are required to register and sit for • University Clinical Aptitude Test results do not make up any of the selection
the UCAT ANZ. The UCAT ANZ dentists to be successful in their clinical
prerequisites are applicable to all Bachelor of Dental The Bachelor of Dental Surgery is accredited (UCAT ANZ)—second ranking level components and will not be considered.
Surgery entry pathways. is used widely to help universities careers. To register for the UCAT ANZ
by the Australian Dental Council. Details of performance in individual
select applicants with the most • academic results—final ranking level (to and access the practice materials, visit:
ADDITIONAL ENTRY REQUIREMENTS separate applicants with equal-summed www.ucat.edu.au/ucat-anz components of the admissions process are
To meet the minimum academic threshold for entry,
Graduate registration appropriate mental abilities, attitudes not given to applicants. Information regarding
and professional behaviours required interview and UCAT ANZ scores). 2. All international applicants must
applicants must achieve a Selection Rank of 90 an applicant or application is confidential
To be eligible to work in Australia as submit a formal application online via
or above, or an International Baccalaureate (IB) for new doctors and dentists to be and cannot be released to members of
score of 33 or above (or the interstate/overseas a dentist, you’ll be required to register the University’s International website.
equivalent). New applications/preferences for successful in their clinical careers. family or friends. For more information,
with the Australian Health Practitioners Visit http://international.adelaide.edu.
Dental Surgery will not be considered after the To register for the UCAT ANZ and visit: http://health.adelaide.edu.au/study-
closing date of 30 September 2021. Late applications Regulation Agency (AHPRA) and the au/apply and select Step 4: Apply online.
access the practice materials, visit: with-us/dentistry-oral-health
will not be considered. Dental Board of Australia on completion of
Please note that strict quotas apply to the
www.ucat.edu.au/ucat-anz
your degree. In order to register, you must
Bachelor of Dental Surgery degree. This degree 2. South Australian Tertiary Admissions
does not contain elective courses—all courses comply with the English language skills
are compulsory. requirements as determined by AHPRA. Centre (SATAC) application
Once you’ve registered with UCAT ANZ,
For further details, visit:
ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE you must lodge your SATAC application
A necessary precursor for success in the Bachelor www.ahpra.gov.au/Registration.aspx
online at www.satac.edu.au by the
of Dental Surgery is a high proficiency in the written
and oral use of the English language.
The Bachelor of Dental Surgery September 2021 closing date. You’ll
qualification is recognised by the: be asked to enter your UCAT ANZ
• Dental Board of Australia (once identification number when doing so.
adelaide.edu.au/degree-finder
Search dental registered, graduates are also eligible CHRISTOPHER
Merit selection criteria
for membership of the Australian
Dental Association) Selection for the Bachelor of Dental
KAWALEC
• Dental Council of New Zealand Surgery is based on three components. Bachelor of Dental Surgery
Keep your community smiling (under the Trans-Tasman Mutual 1. Performance in the UCAT ANZ.
Dentists work to improve oral health in our
communities. They’re lifelong learners who
care about their patients and their work.
Recognition Agreement)
• Commission of Dental Accreditation
of Canada (further examinations are
2. Performance in an interview.
3. Achievement of a Selection Rank of 90
“ The best part of the
Bachelor of Dental
Surgery is indisputably
necessary to work in Canada) or above (or equivalent) for appropriate
Dentistry is a science and an art. It’s flexible
and rewarding, and it changes lives.
Year 12 studies; credit average (GPA the hands-on component
• Singapore Dental Council. 5.0) for tertiary studies; or STAT rank in of the program. Dental
the top decile. Please note: you will only
What will you do? Industry placement be invited to sit an interview following a students have the
Our Bachelor of Dental Surgery supports From your first year, you’ll undertake satisfactory UCAT ANZ result. privilege of taking what
you in becoming a highly skilled and compulsory clinical placements in a range they learn and applying
patient-focused dentist. You will: of metropolitan and rural settings. These Dental Surgery Admissions Guide
”
can extend beyond the academic year and
it immediately.
• build clinical experience starting in your You’re required to read the Dental Surgery
very first year may include after-hours and weekend work. Admissions Guide before applying for the
• learn in Australia’s newest dental teaching Bachelor of Dental Surgery. The guide
hospital, in the state-of-the-art Adelaide covers essential information regarding:
Health and Medical Sciences building • admission requirements
• explore the full range of dental • key dates and deadlines
therapies—from complex restorative
• the merit ranking process
to preventative-based treatments
• inherent requirements
• practise using equipment in our Dental
Simulation Clinic • subject prerequisites and more.
• tackle real-life case scenarios in teams At the Faculty of Health and Medical
Sciences we regularly review the admission
• benefit from extensive placements across criteria and application processes for our
metropolitan and rural settings
degrees, and reserve the right to change
• improve lives through community them without notice.
outreach programs.
Please note that failure to read the Dental
Surgery Admissions Guide will not be grounds
for special consideration. For more inform-
ation, visit: https://health.adelaide.edu.au/
study-with-us/dentistry-oral-health
18 Dentistry and Oral Health Dentistry and Oral Health 19BACHELOR OF ORAL HEALTH
Advocate for oral health • benefit from early clinical exposure Professional accreditation Merit selection criteria Information for
SATAC CODE DURATION CAMPUS
and extensive placements international students only
314701 3 years full-time North Terrace Oral health is an essential component The Bachelor of Oral Health is accredited Selection will be based on three components.
of a healthy life. Complex dental work • practise using equipment in our by the Dental Board of Australia.
PREREQUISITES Dental Simulation Clinic 1. Performance in the UCAT ANZ. Bachelor of Oral Health admission overview
contributes to this, but proper care and
SACE Stage 2: one 20-credit mathematics 2. Performance in an interview.
or science subject. prevention are just as important. • tackle real-life case scenarios in teams Graduate registration Applicants will be ranked in consideration
IB: equivalent subjects. While dentists perform specialised • improve lives through community 3. Achievement of a Selection Rank of 70 for an offer based on their performance in
To be eligible to work in Australia,
treatments, oral health therapists have outreach programs. or above (or equivalent) for appropriate the following three components:
you’ll be required to register with the
ADDITIONAL ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
broad expertise in general oral health Year 12 studies; a pass average for tertiary • interview results—first ranking level
Please note that strict quotas apply and late Australian Health Practitioners Regulation
care and education. Where could it take you? studies; or a completed VET diploma
applications will not be considered. To meet the Agency (AHPRA) on completion of your • UCAT ANZ results—second ranking level
minimum academic threshold for entry, applicants or advanced diploma; or a satisfactory
You will be part of providing high-quality degree. To gain professional registration
must achieve a Selection Rank of 70 or above, or
What will you do? STAT rank. Please note: you will only • academic results—meets threshold and
an International Baccalaureate (IB) score of 25 or clinical care for all ages. You might develop through AHPRA and register as an oral
above, or the interstate/overseas equivalent. be invited to sit an interview following final ranking level (to separate applicants
Our Bachelor of Oral Health is an hygiene maintenance programs for people health therapist with the Dental Board
a satisfactory UCAT ANZ result. with equal-summed interview and UCAT
evidence-based degree that prepares you managing chronic gum pain. You could of Australia, you must comply with the
ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE ANZ scores).
for providing general oral health care and advise on public health policy or design and English language skills requirements as
A necessary precursor for success is a high proficiency Oral Health Admissions Guide
in the written and oral use of the English language. health promotion. You will: implement educational campaigns. Perhaps determined by AHPRA. For further details, Application process
you’ll open an oral health clinic with a team visit: www.ahpra.gov.au/Registration.aspx All applicants are required to read the Oral
• learn in Australia’s newest dental teaching Health Admissions Guide before applying 1. University Clinical Aptitude Test
adelaide.edu.au/degree-finder hospital, in the state-of-the-art Adelaide of oral health therapists and dentists you’re Upon graduation, you will also be eligible for (UCAT ANZ) application. International
Search oral health yet to meet at the University of Adelaide. membership with the Australian Dental and for the Bachelor of Oral Health. The guide
Health and Medical Sciences building covers essential information regarding: applicants are required to register and sit
Oral Health Therapists Association and the for the UCAT ANZ. The UCAT ANZ
• study within a close-knit oral health Dental Hygienists Association of Australia. • admission entry requirements
learning community is used widely to help universities select
International applicants should note that • key dates and deadlines applicants with the most appropriate
successful completion of this degree may • the merit ranking process mental abilities, attitudes and professional
not qualify them to practise/register in their behaviours required for new doctors and
home country. Students will have to contact • inherent requirements dentists to be successful in their clinical
the relevant health registration bodies of • subject prerequisites, and more. careers. To register for the UCAT ANZ
their home country for further information. At the Faculty of Health and Medical and access the practice materials, visit:
Sciences we regularly review the admission www.ucat.edu.au/ucat-anz
Industry placement criteria and application processes for our 2. All international applicants must
From your first year, you’ll undertake degrees, and reserve the right to change submit a formal application online via
compulsory clinical placements in a range them without notice. the University’s International website.
of metropolitan and rural settings. These Please note that failure to read the Oral Visit http://international.adelaide.edu.
compulsory placements can extend beyond Health Admissions Guide will not be au/apply and select Step 4: Apply online.
the academic year and can include after- grounds for special consideration. 3. Applicants must submit their application
hours and weekend work. For more information, visit: and payments prior to 30 June 2021.
http://health.adelaide.edu.au/study- Applicants who have not yet completed
Application process with-us/dentistry-oral-health their current qualification will still be
There are two distinct parts to the required to apply by this date. Closing
application process. dates are strictly adhered to and late
submissions will not be accepted.
1. University Clinical Aptitude
Test (UCAT ANZ) application All international applicants to the Bachelor
All applicants, with the exception of those of Oral Health (BOH), including International
entering via the Aboriginal and Torres students studying in Australia, submit an
Strait Islander Pathway are required application online via http://international.
to register and sit for the UCAT ANZ. adelaide.edu.au/apply
The UCAT ANZ is used widely to help Please note: testimonials, character/
universities select applicants with the most school references, awards, certificates and
appropriate mental abilities, attitudes predicted results do not make up any of
and professional behaviours required for the selection components and will not
new doctors and dentists to be successful be considered. Details of performance in
in their clinical careers. To register for individual components of the admissions
the UCAT ANZ and access the practice process are not given to applicants.
materials, visit: www.ucat.edu.au Information regarding an applicant or
2. South Australian Tertiary Admissions application is confidential and cannot
Centre (SATAC) application be released to members of family or
Once you’ve registered with UCAT ANZ friends. For more information, visit:
you must lodge your SATAC application https://health.adelaide.edu.au/study-
online at www.satac.edu.au by the with-us/dentistry-oral-health
September 2021 closing date. You’ll
be asked to enter your UCAT ANZ
identification number when doing so.
20 Dentistry and Oral Health Dentistry and Oral Health 21MEDICINE
The University of Adelaide’s medical
degree is the third-oldest in Australia,
• students will have the opportunity to
complete a year-long course in the rural WHY THE
with a rich and prestigious history
dating back to 1885.
setting in Year 5
UNIVERSITY
OF ADELAIDE?
• clinical placements will occur in a variety
135 years of teaching and research has of settings
led to an impressive list of groundbreaking • simulation of clinical scenarios will play
discoveries and achievements at the
01
a key part of student learning Ranked No. 1 in
University that continue to transform health
• you will be required to attend lectures, South Australia
care and make an impact on the world
workshops, tutorials, practical sessions for Medicine*
today. Among the University’s notable
alumni are Nobel Prize winners, pioneering and placement
researchers and world-renowned clinicians. • you will learn alongside students from Hands-on experience
Following in their footsteps as an Adelaide other disciplines, such as nursing, in with diverse range of
Medical School student, you’ll be provided specific interprofessional learning activities. clinical placements
with state-of-the-art education, training
and facilities to ensure you’re ready to face Rural placements
the challenges of medical practice in the All Bachelor of Medical Science and Doctor Study in the
twenty-first century. of Medicine students are encouraged to $246m AHMS building
undertake rural clinical placements. Rural alongside future
New medical degree launching 2022 placement provides a diverse range of nursing colleagues
In 2022, the University of Adelaide will experience wherein one day you may be
welcome its first cohort into Year 1 of assisting with the medical care of multi-
the new Bachelor of Medical Studies car trauma accident and the next day * QS World Academic Rankings
by Subject, 2020
and Doctor of Medicine. The two new helping to deliver a baby. Commonwealth-
sequential degrees will replace the existing supported students (in both bonded and
Bachelor Medicine and Bachelor of unbonded places) must complete at least
Surgery (MBBS). four weeks of rural placements before
graduation, with 25% of students required
In the Adelaide medical program you will: to complete a year-long rural placement.
• learn in partnership with clinicians and Inherent requirements
Short term rural placements usually occur
health professional educators whereby during clinical training in years 4 to 6 of the The University of Adelaide medical
educators become coaches Adelaide medical program. In fifth year, you program places substantial demands on
• learn in state-of-the-art facilities, have an opportunity to undertake year-long students. The learning style and assessment
Adelaide Health Simulation, including rural placements through the Adelaide Rural techniques used are likely to be different
the new immersion lab which utilises Clinical School. In recent years, applications from those experienced elsewhere requiring
360° technology for these placements have been highly the ability to learn and work in small groups,
competitive however, if these 12-month and undertake self-directed learning.
• learn from curriculum based on real-
places are not filled voluntarily, students For more details, visit: https://health.
world scenarios and global perspectives
will be allocated in a random ballot. adelaide.edu.au/study-with-us/medicine-
• be work-ready by the end of the six-year surgery/inherent-requirements
degree, with all competencies required Medicine clinical placement requirements
by the Australian Medical Council Time dedicated to study
To undertake your compulsory clinical
(AMC) completed
placements you must satisfy the As you will be studying full-time you
• develop research skills with all students following requirements: can expect to spend about 25 to 35 hours
undertaking a substantial research project. (Monday to Friday) on campus each
• Australian Health Practitioner Regulation
The Bachelor of Medical Studies and Agency student registration week, engaged in: lectures, tutorials,
Doctor of Medicine is a six year program workshops, seminars and practical
• criminal history clearances laboratory classes. In addition, you will
of study resulting in Australian
Qualifications Framework (AQF) • immunisations and prescribed also be expected to undertake private
Level 7 and Level 9 qualifications. communicable infections (PCI) screening study and self-directed learning.
Key features of the the Adelaide • tuberculosis screening Within years 4 to 6 of the program you
medical program: will be required to undertake substantive
• clinical placement deed poll clinical placements off campus with
• six year medical degree • hand hygiene. expectations that you will be available for
• to progress to the Doctor of Medicine, full-time placement with some out-of-hours
If you don’t meet these requirements you
you will need to successfully complete the involvement.
won’t be able to complete your placements,
Bachelor of Medical Studies putting you at risk of not graduating. Detailed Global Learning experiences
• the degree focuses on students learning information on the above criteria will be
in the following domains: science and provided when you commence your studies. As an Adelaide Medical School student
scholarship, clinical practice, health and you can undertake a training placement in
For more details, visit: www.health. a local or overseas hospital or clinic of your
society, and professionalism and leadership adelaide.edu.au/study-with-us/student- choice (subject to travel restrictions) prior
• emphasis is on developing and applying support/clinical-placements to completing your degree. Past students
research skills. You will undertake a have worked and studied in countries
research project in Year 6 of the program. including the UK, Nepal, Sri Lanka,
South Africa and Canada.
22 Medicine Medicine 23You can also read
