Promoting a more transparent and accountable NATO Issue 50: June 2019 - www.natowatch.org
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Issue 50: June 2019
Promoting a more transparent and accountable NATO
www.natowatch.org
NATO Watch Observatory In this edition:
No. 50 (January - May 2019) NATO Watch Essay:
NATO’s new Military Strategy and Space
Policy: Why are parliamentarians and the
public being kept out of the loop? 3
Published by
NATO Watch News, Commentary & Reports:
Gairloch, Scotland - Arms Control & Disarmament: the
IV212DS INF Treaty 6
- Book Review 8
Email:
- Climate Change 8
- Collective Defence 8
Editor: Dr. Ian Davis - Cyber Security, Information Warfare
& Hybrid Threats 9
Welcome to NATO Watch’s quarterly - Defence Budgets & Procurement 10
Observatory: the only online publication - Energy Security 12
dedicated entirely to news and independent - Enlargement & Partnerships 12
commentary on NATO policy-making and - Australia; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Bosnia
operational activities. The clips are drawn Herzegovina; Brazil; China-NATO relations;
from a wide range of subscriptions, feeds Colombia; Egypt; EU-NATO relations;
Finland; Georgia; Israel; Jordan; Kuwait;
and alerts covering a substantial part of the
Mediterranean Dialogue; New Zealand;
major English language newspapers and North Macedonia; Policy; Science for Peace
other periodicals worldwide. and Security Programme; Serbia; Sweden;
Tunisia; Ukraine; UN-NATO relations
NATO Watch - Intelligence 19
conducts independent monitoring and - Maritime Security 19
analysis of NATO and aims to increase - Military Exercises 19
transparency, stimulate parliamentary - Missile Defence 20
engagement and broaden public awareness - Munich Security Conference 21
and participation in a progressive reform - NATO @ 70 21
agenda within NATO. - NATO Defence Ministers Meeting 23
- NATO Foreign Ministers Meeting 23
- NATO Military Committee – new
Military Strategy 23
- NATO Parliamentary Assembly 24
- NATO Summit 24
- Nuclear Weapons 24
- Operations and Missions 26
- Afghanistan; Kosovo; Libya
- President Trump and NATO 28
- Russia-NATO relations 28
- Secretary General’s Annual
Report 30
- Special Forces 30
- Transparency, Accountability and
Good Governance 31
Copyright © NATO Watch, 2019. Some rights
reserved. - Women, Peace and Security 31
This publication is made available under a Creative Security News from NATO
Commons BY-NC-ND 3.0 licence, which allows copy
and distribution for non-profit use, provided the Member States 31
authors and NATO Watch are attributed properly and - Albania; Belgium; Bulgaria; Canada;
the text is not altered in any way. All citations must be Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia;
credited to NATO Watch and/or the original sources.
France; Germany; Hungary; Iceland;
Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Montenegro;
Norway; Poland; Spain; Turkey; UK;
USAadapts. We continue to revise and review
NATO Watch Essay: the threats we face, as allies. Today, our
Alliance faces enduring challenges from
NATO’s new Military Strategy and all strategic directions; state and non-
Space Policy: Why are state; military forces; and terrorist,
parliamentarians and the public cyber and hybrid. Against this
being kept out of the loop? background, the NATO Chiefs of Defence
decided in 2017 to task the Military
By Dr Ian Davis, NATO Watch Authorities to review our existing
On the 22 May 2019, the twenty-nine strategy.
NATO Chiefs of Defence came together To create a common understanding of
in Brussels to discuss and sign-off on the threats and challenges was
NATO’s new Military Strategy. At a developed, and through consensus, this
press conference on the 28 May, strategy was produced with each
following a meeting of the North member, each ally, being an equal
Atlantic Council with national security partner. Therefore, we now have that
handrail to guide us and to enable us to
advisers, NATO Secretary General Jens
deliver our core business to defend
Stoltenberg said the alliance would almost 1 billion people. This works
adopt its first space policy in June. guides our other work and I would
Neither document is in the public particularly like to thank the nations,
domain. the staff who have helped this come
together today. It brings coherence.
NATO’s new Military Strategy
Peach was asked during the Q&A
According to the brief statement
session with journalists after the
released by NATO, the new Military
meeting whether the strategy would be
Strategy “marks an important step in
published and if he could provide an
adapting the alliance for the
outline as to its content. He replied:
increasingly complex security
challenges that NATO faces”. In his We don’t intend to publish it, in
opening remarks Air Chief Marshal Sir accordance with long-standing practice
Stuart Peach (UK Air Force), Chairman within the alliance. And in terms of the
of the NATO Military Committee—the outline, the content as you would expect
is a traditional military strategy, but in
senior military authority in the
very much a modern format. And we
alliance—said: have worked on the document—and it is
The Military Strategy provides a document, I can confirm that—but I
overarching guidance, outlining how the am not going to go into details as to its
alliance effectively deters and defends content.
and helps shape our future plans. It will
Some further details emerged when the
be a handrail which guides our decision
making process and provides coherence Chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff
to our overall efforts. We cannot predict Gen. Joseph Dunford addressed a
the future, but this strategy and the roundtable discussion at the Brookings
strategic thinking that goes with it Institution on the 29 May. Apparently,
provided by you gives a level of guidance the new Military Strategy is due to be
to what we could do depending on the approved by the respective defence
circumstances presented to us. We’ll ministries of the member states in the
then give additional guidance on how to coming weeks. “It is the first NATO
go forward as this will become a living military strategy in decades, … It clearly
document.
articulates the challenges that confront
In his closing press statement Peach NATO [and] it provides the framework
said: for the various plans that will be in
We have, today, agreed a Military place if deterrence fails”, he added.
Strategy. This is the first time for many While details of the new Military
years, we have done so and it is part of Strategy are still unknown, it seems
NATO’s adaptation process. NATO
3likely that the alliance is simply falling While China is unlikely to feature so
in line with recent updates to US prominently in the new NATO Military
military doctrine. Washington updated Strategy, Russia undoubtedly will. Not
its National Security Strategy in 2017, only has the traditional Russian military
National Defence Strategy (NDS) and threat been actively espoused by senior
Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) in 2018, NATO officials to justify a whole raft of
and Missile Defense Review in early measures to enhance its deterrence
2019. All of these documents were and defence posture in recent years,
published in full, with the exception of the alliance has also been exploring
the US NDS, for which only an ways of countering what it sees as
unclassified summary was released. Moscow’s covert influence and
NATO’s new strategy document is destabilization operations. It is unclear
probably just a consolidation of US to what extent the new NATO Military
military doctrine plus some window Strategy will change the balance of the
dressing. However, since it is not current mix of nuclear, conventional
publicly available it is impossible to and missile defence capabilities that
assess (a) how closely it mirrors recent make-up the collective defence
US changes in military doctrine, and (b) posture.
whether it diverges from the 2010
With regard to nuclear weapons, for
Strategic Concept—NATO’s most
example, the new US NPR sets out
recently agreed statement on core
expanded scenarios for the possible
values, tasks and principles, the
use of nuclear weapons against non-
evolving security environment and
nuclear threats, including cyber
strategic objectives for the next
threats. It also identifies a plan to
decade.
develop new ‘low-yield’ warheads for
Following the US lead? its submarine-launched ballistic
missiles and new ground-launched
The new US NDS refocused on the
cruise missiles. The US NPR contends
possibility of war with China and/or
that this capability would strengthen
Russia, marking a shift from the last 15
nuclear deterrence, while critics argue
years’ focus on fighting transnational
it would lower the nuclear threshold
terrorist groups. “Great-power
and increase the risk of nuclear war.
competition—not terrorism—is now the
primary focus of US national security”, Although the NATO Secretary General
the then US Defense Secretary Jim has said that the alliance has no
Mattis said in a speech unveiling the intention to deploy new nuclear
new strategy in January last year. missiles in Europe following the
Similarly, at a meeting of NATO foreign collapse of the INF Treaty, there are
ministers in Washington in April that plenty of US (and a few European)
marked the 70th anniversary of the voices calling for NATO to deploy new
alliance, US Secretary of State Mike nonstrategic and lower yield nuclear
Pompeo urged allies to work together weapons or to adapt nuclear deterrence
to confront a wide variety of emerging to play a larger role in NATO’s collective
threats from Russia and China. "We defence.
must adapt our alliance to confront
The timing of the announcement of a
emerging threats ... whether that's
new NATO Space Policy also suggests
Russian aggression, uncontrolled
that this is a reaction to US-led
migration, cyberattacks, threats to
developments. At his May press
energy security, Chinese strategic
conference, Stoltenberg said, "We are
competition, including technology and
now also working on an overarching
5G ... [or] many other issues", Pompeo
space policy, another first for NATO.
said.
And next month, I expect NATO
defence ministers will adopt our new
4space policy". He added that NATO also substantive and prior parliamentary
needed to strengthen the resilience of discussion of key documents such as
its telecommunication networks, 5G, these represents woefully inadequate
undersea cables and space assets. oversight.
However, the United States was clearly In the second decade of the twenty-first
first with its own ‘first’. In June 2018, century, surely it should be a NATO-
President Trump announced that he wide norm for any significant policy
had directed the Pentagon to establish document, international treaty or
a Space Force, describing it as a sixth agreement—that is, one that impinges
branch of the US military. It would be on human rights and fundamental
the first time the Pentagon has stood freedoms, transfers sovereignty,
up a new service since the Air Force requires the passing of a law, or carries
received its independence after World the possibility of the deployment of
War II. In August, Vice President Mike armed force abroad—to always require
Pence outlined some of the concrete consent from member states’
steps needed to create the US Space parliaments, thereby giving the people
Force, which is expected to be vaguely a direct say in the external activities of
modelled on the US Special Operations the state, including key developments
Command, within alliances.
bringing in
Parliaments
personnel from
should have a
all branches.
role in
There will also
examining all
be a Space
decisions about
Development
the negotiation
Agency to
of treaties and
streamline
multilateral
hardware
accords,
procurement
including
and innovation.
determination
Where is the of objectives,
oversight? negotiating
positions, the
Given the
parameters
importance of
within which the national delegation
NATO’s new Military Strategy and Space
Policy—and their likely shaping by US can operate and the final decision as to
military interests—both documents whether to sign and ratify. This should
ought to be subjected to close scrutiny. not be the exclusive reserve of defence
ministries and their ministers. Without
Oversight mechanisms help to ensure
such certainty of process, NATO policy
that the right questions are asked
development lacks authority and
about strategy and the objectives of
credibility. At a minimum, a
any military preparations before the
parliamentary mechanism or
price becomes too high, both in terms
committee should exist in each
of costly and unnecessary military
member state to consider alliance
procurement and in destabilising
policy documents, tabled treaties or
international relations. While there may
international instruments.
be a case for allowing government
officials in defence ministries to
discuss finer points in private, not least
to enable consensus building around
some of the more contentious issues,
the lack of time set aside for
5News, Commentary and US is unable to counter because it is
bound by the INF Treaty.
Reports:
In 2018, the US administration
announced plans to develop a low-yield
Arms Control & Disarmament: the warhead for the Trident D-5 submarine-
INF Treaty launched ballistic missile and a nuclear-
In February, the United States armed, sea-launched cruise missile,
announced that it has started the calling those options “important for the
process to withdraw from the preservation of credible deterrence
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces against regional aggression”. The
(INF) Treaty, unless Russia destroys a Pentagon also could deploy a new
new class of medium-range missiles ground-launched cruise missile or
that US officials allege are larger intermediate-range missiles.
noncompliant. Critics warned it could In response to the US decision, Russian
spark a dangerous new arms race with President Vladimir Putin threatened to
Moscow and a return to the nuclear aim new hypersonic missiles at the
tensions of the Cold War. United States if it deploys further
US-Russian discussions in Geneva in missile systems to Europe. NATO
January failed to reach a compromise Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg
despite Moscow’s offer to allow the announced that NATO is exploring
United States to inspect the disputed ways to counter Russia’s violations of
missile. The US decision starts a six- the treaty, while ruling out new
month countdown to formal treaty deployment of land-based nuclear
withdrawal on 1 August 2019. systems in Europe.
The decision had been expected— Some NATO allies are uneasy about
President Trump warned in October keeping US missiles capable of carrying
2018 that he would pull out if Russia nuclear warheads on their territory,
didn’t comply—and is consistent with although Poland may be willing to host
his ‘America First’ strategy, which has US missiles.
already seen the United States pull out In March, Russia also suspended its
of the Iran nuclear deal and the Paris participation in the INF Treaty “until the
climate accord. US ends its violations of the treaty or
The INF Treaty banned all missiles with until it terminates”.
a range between 500 and 5,500
INF treaty can be saved, political will
kilometres. It protected the European needed for that, NATO chief says, TASS, 26
continent from those weapons, and May 2019
also banned US Pershing cruise
missiles, which had been deployed by John Feffer, A Farewell to Arms Control?
Foreign Policy in Focus, 1 May 2019
the US and Germany. Since 2014, the
United States has accused Russia of Ulrich Kühn, The End of Conventional Arms
violating the treaty, and Washington Control and the Role of US Congress,
imposed sanctions intended to Journal for Peace and Nuclear
pressure Russia into compliance. Disarmament, 2019
Russia denied violating the treaty but Bruno Hellendorff, Europe in a multipolar
accused Washington of doing so with a missile world – Why the EU and NATO
missile defence system deployed in should not try to salvage the INF Treaty,
Europe. Egmont Paper 106, March 2019
US officials have also expressed Ulrich Kühn, Between a rock and a hard
place: Europe in a post-INF world, The
concern that China, anon-signatory to
Nonproliferation Review 26, no. 1-2, 4 April
the treaty, is deploying short- and 2019
medium-range missiles in Asia that the
6NATO Chief Urges Russia To Comply With to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization,
INF Treaty, Radio Free Europe/ Radio Press Release, 8 February 2019
Liberty, 1 March 2019
Lincoln Pigman, To Understand the INF
As a Key Arms-Control Treaty Is Set to Die, Treaty’s Demise, Look to the US Republican
Russia Threatens to Target U.S. with New Party, RUSI Commentary, 8 February 2019
Nukes, Popular Mechanics, 21 February
Gustav Gressel, Russia, Germany, and the
2019
INF: Will Berlin break its silence? ECFR, 6
Piotr Buras, State of disunion: Europe, February 2019
NATO, and disintegrating arms control,
Russia plans land-based intermediate
ECRF Commentary, 28 February 2019
missiles in two years, The Guardian, 5
John Mecklin, How and why the US and February 2019
Russia should save the INF, Bulletin of the
Russia blames NATO for dismantling INF
Atomic Scientists, 19 February 2019
due to plans to deploy launchers to Poland,
Simon Lunn and Nicholas Williams, The TASS, 4 February 2019
Demise of the INF Treaty: What are the
Frank Sauer, Artificial Intelligence in the
consequences for NATO? ELN Policy Brief,
Armed Forces: On the need for regulation
February 2019
regarding autonomy in weapon systems,
No movement in Russian missile talks: German Federal Academy for Security
NATO chief, France 24, 15 February 2019 Policy, Security Policy Working Paper No.
26/2018
The Western press has often treated the Rebecca Johnson, Who gains from Trump
Russian claim that US missile defense trashing the INF Treaty - Putinand Lockheed
installations have an offensive Martin!, openDemocray, 3 February 2019
capability as rhetorical obfuscation. But
Russia follows US in suspending nuclear
publicly available information makes it deal, The Guardian , 2 February 2019
clear that the US Aegis-based systems
in Eastern Europe, if equipped with Donald Trump confirms US withdrawal
cruise missiles, would indeed violate from INF nuclear treaty, The Guardian, 1
February 2019
the INF.
Trump’s ‘terrible’ withdrawal from nuke
Must Read: Theodore Postol, Russia may
treaty poses three risks to the world:
have violated the INF Treaty. Here’s how the
Former NATO chief, Raw Story, 1 February
United States appears to have done the
2019
same, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 14
February 2019 Timmon Wallis, Why We All Need the INF
Treaty, NuclearBan.US, 1 February 2019
NATO’s rhetoric about no new nuclear Susi Snyder, INF Suspension: Who benefits?
missiles in Europe to counter Russia is PAX, 1 February 2019
unclear, Jane’s Defence Weekly, 14
February 2019 NATO Chief Urges Russia to Comply with
Missile Pact, Military.com, 31 January 2019
NATO in search of options to prepare for
post-INF world, EuroActiv, 14 February NATO: Russia's new missile lowers bar for
2019 the use of nuclear arms, CNBC, 24 January
2019
NATO is getting ready for a future where
Russia has a lot more missiles after Trump US to begin nuclear treaty pullout next
ditched a landmark treaty, Business Insider, month after Russia missile talks fail, The
13 February 2019 Guardian, 16 January 2019
Must Read: Reducing the Risks of NATO Chief: February Deadline ‘Last
Conventional Deterrence in Europe Arms Chance’ for Russia to Comply With INF
Control in the NATO-Russia Contact Zones, Treaty, Sputnik, 4 January 2019
OSCE Network, 2018
The United States Remains in Compliance
with the INF Treaty, United States Mission
7Book Review sustain a stable maritime-security
environment in European waters and
Dagomar Degroot, Seeking solutions to
Cold War divisions, in the mid-20th century beyond, to enable the free flow of
NATO embraced environmentalism, international maritime trade, and to
sciencemag, 1 January 2019: Reviewed protect global maritime infrastructure.
‘Greening the Alliance: The Diplomacy of The IISS assessed that European NATO
NATO's Science and Environmental members would have to invest between
Initiatives’, Simone Turchetti, University of US$94 billion and US$110bn to fill the
Chicago Press, 2018 - the first book to capability gaps generated by this
explain the surprising rise, repeated scenario.
revision, and possible decline of NATO’s
environmental research programme. The second scenario dealt with the
defence of European NATO territory
against a state-level military attack. In
Climate Change this scenario, tensions between Russia
Diplomats, military officers and experts and NATO members Lithuania and
gathered at the Ministry of Foreign Poland escalate into war after the US
Affairs in the Czech Republic in May to has left NATO. This war results in the
discuss energy security and future Russian occupation of Lithuania and
challenges facing NATO. While some Polish territory Invoking Article V,
discussing what the alliance may be up the European members of NATO take
against 70 years from now, some measures to deter further Russian
argued that the impacts of climate aggression, and also prepare and
change are likely to be the main threat. assemble forces for a military operation
to restore Polish and Lithuanian
NATO’s Biggest Long-Term Future Threat Is
Climate Change, Suggests Expert. Radio
government control over their
Praha, 21 May 2019 territories. The IISS assesses that
European NATO members would have
to invest between US$288bn and
Collective Defence US$357bn to fill the capability gaps
The International Institute for Strategic generated by this scenario. These
Studies (IISS) published research in investments would establish a NATO
April on what European defence would Europe force level that would likely
look if the United States left NATO and allow it to prevail in a limited regional
did not contribute militarily. The 50- war in Europe against a peer adversary.
page study applies scenario analysis to If the funding to meet shortfalls were
generate force requirements and available, the IISS assesses that the
assesses the ability of NATO’s recapitalisation across the military
European member states to meet these domains would take up to 20 years,
requirements. with some significant progress around
The study explored two scenarios for the ten- and 15-year marks. The
the development of events in the reasons for this are limited production
absence of financial support from the capacity; the time it takes to decide on
United States. The first scenario looked and then produce equipment and
at the protection of the global sea lines weapons; recruitment and training
of communication (SLOCs) and demands; and the time it takes for new
assumed that the United States had units to reach an operational capability.
withdrawn from NATO and also
Douglas Barrie, Ben Barry, Dr Lucie Béraud-
abandoned its global maritime
Sudreau, Henry Boyd, Nick Childs and Dr
presence and protection, not just for its Bastian Giegerich, Defending Europe:
own national interest but also as an scenario-based capability requirements for
international public good. It thus falls NATO’s European members, IISS, April
to European countries to achieve and 2019
8Murielle Delaporte, NATO’s Strength: A cyber capabilities or offensive cyber
Burden-sharing Success Story, Breaking into alliance operations and missions”,
Defense, 20 March 2019 he said.
Can Kasapoğlu, Why and How NATO Should In January, Facebook deleted a number
Adapt to a New Mediterranean Security
of pages on its platform that were
Environment, SWP Comment 2019/C 15,
March 2019
operated by Russian news agency
Sputnik and promoted anti-NATO
Madeleine Moon, NATO's National sentiment in eastern European
Resilience Obligations, RUSI Commentary, countries. In February, US Secretary of
15 March 2019
State Mike Pompeo warned central
Wolf-Diether Roepke and Hasit Thankey, European states against using
Resilience: the first line of defence, NATO equipment from Chinese telecom giant
Review, 27 February 2019 Huawei, saying it could threaten US
Nato allies offer contributions for Four cooperation in those countries.
Thirties Readiness Initiative, Army
Also in February, new research
Technology, 18 February 2019
concluded that social media could be
Paul Taylor, Jan Techau, Julian Lindley- used to not only find and target NATO
French, Ulrike Franke, Ben Hodges, Paul forces, but also manipulate them.
Cornish, Elisabeth Braw, Claudia Major, Researchers with NATO's Strategic
Andrew Michta, Andreas Wittkowsky,
Communications Center of Excellence
Stephen Szabo, Anna Wieslander Judy Asks:
used open source data, primarily social
Is NATO Deterrence a Paper Tiger? Carnegie
Europe, 31 January 2019 media, to successfully identify 150
soldiers, locate multiple battalions,
Jonathan Hill, NATO – ready for anything? track troop movements, and even
NATO Review, 24 January 2019 convince service members to leave
Sara Bjerg Moller, Drawing the Line on U.S. their posts and engage in other
Reassurance to Eastern Europe, Lawfare, 6 “undesirable behaviour” during a
January 2019 military exercise.
In April, a French team of security
Cyber Security, Information experts emerged the winner of a NATO-
Warfare & Hybrid Threats backed “live-fire” cybersecurity
While NATO does not have its own exercise, Locked Shields, that involved
cyber weapons, the alliance established nearly 1,200 cybersecurity experts
an operations centre in August 2018 at competing in a red team-blue team
its military hub in Mons, Belgium. engagement to defend a fictional
Several member states have since country. The annual event is the world’s
offered their cyber capabilities. The largest exercise of its kind.
new NATO cyber operations centre The Tallinn-based NATO Cooperative
(CYOC) is expected to be fully staffed Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence
by 2023 and able to mount its own launched an interactive web-based
cyber attacks. resource for legal professionals and
Although the alliance is still grappling students in May, called the Cyber Law
with ground rules for doing so, it Toolkit. The toolkit was launched at the
appears to be adopting a tough 11th Annual Conference on Cyber
posture. In May, Secretary General Jens Conflict—or CyCon 2019—in Tallinn,
Stoltenberg told attendees at the Cyber Estonia, on 29 May.
Defence Pledge conference in London, An interactive cyber law toolkit launched in
“We are not limited to respond in Tallinn, Estonian World, 30 May 2019
cyberspace when we are attacked in NATO to integrate offensive cyber
cyberspace”. NATO members have capabilities of individual members, Fifth
already “agreed to integrate national Domain, 29 May 2019
9National Security Advisers meet at NATO New publication from NATO's Rīga
Headquarters, NATO News Release, 29 May StratCom center on cyber threats, LSM, 18
2019 February 2019
Patrick Tucker, NATO Getting More Christopher Porter and Klara Jordan, Don’t
Aggressive on Offensive Cyber, Defense Let Cyber Attribution Debates Tear Apart
One, 24 May 2019 the NATO Alliance, Lawfare, 14 February
2019
Secretary General gives keynote speech on
NATO’s adaptation to cyber threats, NATO Inside NATO's cyber defence centre, Sky
News Release, 23 May 2019 News, 12 February 2019
Ethan Williamson, NATO’s Expanding Role New NATO hub will gather the Alliance's
in Cybersecurity, Charged Affairs, 13 May cyber defenders, NATO News Release, 12
2019 February 2019
Joel Rogers de Waal, The West Should Don Lewis, What is NATO really doing in
Weaponise Embarrassment in the New Cyberspace? War on The Rocks, 4 February
Information Wars, RUSI Commentary, 26 2019
April 2019
Responding to Cognitive Security
France Wins NATO’s “Live Fire” Challenges, NATO Stratcom COE, January
Cybersecurity Exercise, Computer Business 2019
Review, 17 April 2019
NATO battles for a place on the emoji
NATO launches cyber-defense drill keyboard, The National, 29 January 2019
simulating elections under attack, Fifth
NATO invests $422K toward a new
Domain, 8 April 2019
international cybersecurity team,
NATO team takes part in one of the world’s Concordia, 23 January 2019
most challenging cyber exercises, NATO
Facebook takes down anti-NATO pages
News Release, 8 April 2019
linked to Russia, The Hill, 17 January 2019
Matej Tonin (Slovenia) Rapporteur, Artificial
Intelligence: Implications for NATO’S
Armed Forces, Draft Report, NATO Defence Budgets, Procurement
Parliamentary Assembly, Science and and Burden Sharing
Technology Committee, Sub-Committee on
Technology Trends and Security, 5 April The burden-sharing debate that
2019 dominated the NATO Summit in July
2018 (see NATO Watch Observatory No.
Chris Demchak, We Need a NATO/EU for 48) continued to be a key background
Cyber Defense, Defense One, 24 March
2019
issue in the first half of 2019. The
annual publication by the International
NATO Takes Huawei Security Concerns Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS),
Seriously: Stoltenberg, Security Week, 15 Military Balance, showed that NATO's
March 2019
27 European countries fell short of the
NATO counters cyber threats with network two per cent target by $102 billion in
collaboration, Shepherd Media, 25 February 2018, adding that European NATO
2019 members would "collectively have had
Researchers found and tracked NATO to increase their spending by 38 per
troops and tricked them into disobeying cent" to hit the two percent target in
orders for just $60, Task and Purpose, 19 2018.
February 2019
In May, the NATO Communications and
Matt Field, NATO researchers used social Information (NCI) Agency announced
media to learn details of a military exercise that it is planning to issue bids for or
and manipulate troops. It wasn’t very hard award contracts totalling 1.4 billion
to do, The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,
Euros in the next 18 months, as
19 February 2019
follows:
10Satellite communications (189 million NATO edges towards Trump's spending
EUR) transmission services for space, demands, Germany lags, Reuters, 14 March
ground and control resources to 2019
support NATO operations from 2020 to NATO launches innovation challenge to
2034; inventors and entrepreneurs, NATO News
Release, 12 March 2019
Cyber security (129 million EUR) for
refreshing and optimizing the security After NATO Funding Success, Trump Eyes
technology for NATO’s More Defense Money from Allies, CBN
communications and information News, 12 March 2019
systems; NATO Selects BlackBerry's Encrypted Voice
Technology to Secure its Calls, PR
Deployable Communications and Newswire, 12 March 2019
Information Systems (153.2 million
EUR); Timo Kivimäki, Power, contribution and
dependence in NATO burden sharing,
Nuclear Command and Control European Security, Vol. 28 No.1, 2019,
Services (15-to-20 million EUR) to pp.66-84
develop software and procure IT Steinar Brandslet, Are European NATO
equipment, among other things; states freeloading? Science Nordic, 10
Chemical, Biological, Radiological March 2019
and Nuclear (CBRN) functional Industry conference brings business
services (10 million EUR) to develop leaders together to learn about NATO
software, replace certain ageing tools funding opportunities, NATO News
and support command and control of Release, 21 February 2019
CBRN assets; and Cybèle Greenberg, Rethink 2%: NATO
Joint Intelligence, Surveillance and ‘Defense Spending’ Should Favor Cyber,
Defense One, 21 February 2019
Reconnaissance (17 million EUR) to
provide additional intelligence Disputes over defence budgets will
collecting and sharing capabilities to continue to divide NATO, The Economist,
NATO Commands. 15 February 2019
Europeans $100 billion short of NATO
NATO Agency plans for 1.4 billion EUR in spending pledge: study, AFP, 15 February
upcoming business opportunities, NCI 2019
Agency News Release, 20 May 2019
Jeremy Shapiro, America the Mercenary:
US and NATO Radios Can't Talk to Each Trump’s plan to bill NATO, ECFR, 12
Other. The Air Force Wants to Change That, February 2019
Military.com, 26 April 2019
NATO to receive NASMDEF facility for soft-
NATO helps Allies speed up sharing of kill countermeasures assessment, Jane’s
weapons, NATO News Release, 27 March Navy International, 4 February 2019
2019
Allies receive new land munitions through
Max Bergmann, To strengthen NATO, NATO project, NATO News Release, 31
Congress must help end its reliance on January 2019
Russian equipment, Defense One, 26 March
2019 NATO secures additional SALIS surge
capability with Antonov, Janes Defence
NATO to receive first Northrop surveillance Weekly, 14 January 2019
drone, years late, Reuters, 18 March 2019
Johannes Blum and Niklas Potrafke, Does a
Alliance unity 'more important than ever,' Change of Government Influence
NATO chief says as defense spending rises, Compliance with International Agreements?
Stars and Stripes, 14 March 2019 Empirical Evidence for the NATO Two
NATO Allies Like Germany Risk Another Percent Target, Defence and Peace
Spending Fight With Trump, Bloomberg, 14 Economics, 2019
March 2019
11NATO extends Antonov’s SALIS contract, Azerbaijan
Jane’s Defence Weekly, 7 January 2019
Azerbaijan joined the North Atlantic
Cooperation Council in 1992. This
Energy Security forum for dialogue was succeeded in
According to the 2018 Brussels Summit 1997 by the Euro-Atlantic Partnership
Declaration, energy security plays an Council. Bilateral cooperation began
important role in NATO’s common when Azerbaijan joined the Partnership
security. A stable and reliable energy for Peace programme in 1994.
supply increases the alliance’s Azerbaijan has supported several
resilience against political and NATO-led peace-support operations.
economic pressure (para 76). While Ilgar Gurbanov, Azerbaijan and NATO Mark
acknowledging these issues are 25 Years of Partnership, Eurasia Daily
primarily the responsibility of national Monitor Volume 16, Issue 71, 15 May 2019
authorities, NATO “will continue regular
25 years of NATO - Azerbaijan partnership:
allied consultations on issues related to Director General of NATO’s International
energy security” and “refine NATO’s Military Staff visits Azerbaijan, NATO News
role in energy security in accordance Release, 23 April 2019
with established principles and
guidelines, and continue to develop Belarus
NATO’s capacity to support national
authorities in protecting critical Belarusian-NATO relations began in
infrastructure”. 1992, when the country joined the
North Atlantic Cooperation Council,
John Bowlus, Energy Conjoins NATO, 70
transformed into the Euro-Atlantic
Years Later, Energy Reporters, 11 April
2019 Partnership Council in 1997. In 1995,
Belarus joined NATO’s Partnership for
NATO ENSEC COE and JRC held the main Peace (PfP) programme. The first
planning conference for the flagship Individual Partnership Programme with
Tabletop exercise Coherent Resilience
Belarus was endorsed by the NATO
2019, NATO Energy Security Centre of
Excellence, 5 April 2019 Council in July 1997. Since then, the
number of annual joint activities the
Lukas Trakimavičius, NATO's Achilles' Heel: Programme has increased more than
Power Grids, Real Clear Defense, 9 January six-fold.
2019
Arseny Sivitsky, Not an Enemy: Belarus
Seeks Warmer Relations With NATO, Eurasia
Enlargement & Partnerships Daily Monitor Volume: 16 Issue: 40, 12
March 2019
Australia
NATO and Australia are strengthening Bosnia Herzegovina
relations, building on dialogue and Bosnia and Herzegovina has been a
cooperation that have been developing NATO partner, through the NATO
since 2005. In a joint political Partnership for Peace programme,
declaration in June 2012, NATO and since 2006.
Australia signalled their commitment to
strengthen cooperation, and since Admiral Foggo in Sarajevo: NATO
February 2013, work is being taken committed to a strong partnership with
forward through an Individual BiH, European Western Balkans, 7 May 2019
Partnership and Cooperation NATO and Bosnia and Herzegovina sign
Programme. agreement on protection of classified
information, NATO News Release, 12 March
Graeme Dobell, NATO and ANZUS as 2019
contrasting cousins, The Strategist, 29
April 2019
12Director General of the NATO International Colombia
Military Staff Discusses Regional Stability
with Bosnian Officials, NATO News Release, In May 2018 Colombia became the
27 February 2019 latest NATO ‘partner across the globe’.
Sean Maguire and Ryan Scherba, The Bosnia Colombia’s demining centre joins NATO
Boondoggle: This Is Why Sarajevo Can't Join network, NATO News Release, 18 March
NATO, The National Interest, 13 January 2019
2019
NATO Revises Defense Codification System
in Colombia, Dialogo-Americas, 4 January
Brazil
2019
During a press conference in March with
the President of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, Egypt
President Trump apparently suggested
making the South American nation a Egypt engages with NATO through the
member of NATO. “I also intend to Mediterranean Dialogue (see below).
designate Brazil as a major non-NATO ally
or even possibly, if you start thinking about Egyptian Journalists visit NATO HQ, NATO
it, maybe a NATO ally,” he said. However, News Release, 8 April 2019
this remains an extremely unlikely Young Egyptian Diplomats visit NATO HQ,
prospect. NATO News Release, 22 February 2019
Brazil Isn’t Ready for Trump’s Invitation to EU-NATO Relations
NATO, Bloomberg, 23 March 2019
Following the signature of the Joint
China-NATO relations Declaration on NATO-EU cooperation in
Warsaw in July 2016, NATO and the EU
NATO has maintained a dialogue with
have been discussing how to expand
countries that are not part of its
their joint work, including by bringing
partnership frameworks, on an ad-hoc
more coherence in their respective
basis, since the 1990s. One such
defence capability development
country is China. While there was no
priorities and output. The European
mention of China in the 2018 Brussels
Council Conclusions of June 2018
Summit Declaration, the 2018 US
called for further deepening of NATO-
National Defense Strategy cites China
EU cooperation. And in July 2018 a new
as a strategic competitor.
Brussels Joint Declaration was signed
The Trump administration continues to by the NATO Secretary General, the
push NATO to address potential threats President of the European Council, and
from China in its day-to-day work in the President of the European
Brussels, as part of a shift in US Commission.
priorities away from fighting Islamist
terrorists and towards a so-called era of NATO and the EU signed a further
great power competition. agreement on 10 December 2018 to
cooperate in promoting good
David A. Andelman, NATO countries need governance in the defence and security
to stop China from winning the 5G race, sector. As part of this agreement, the
CNN, 15 April 2019 EU will contribute 2 million EUR to the
Kadri Kaska, Henrik Beckvard and Tomáš NATO Building Integrity Trust Fund for
Minárik, Huawei, 5G and China as a Security 2019-2022.
Threat, The NATO Cooperative Cyber
Defence Centre of Excellence, 2019 NATO, EU military brass duck the
transatlantic bullets flying over PESCO and
Erik Brattberg, Time for NATO to Talk the EDF, Jane’s Defence Weekly, 24 May
About China, Carnegie Europe, 25 March 2019
2019
NATO and EU discuss defence against
Robbie Gramer, Trump Wants NATO’s Eyes hybrid warfare, NATO News Release, 14
on China, Foreign Policy, 20 March 2019 March 2019
13Jo Coelmont, European Strategic per cent. 53 per cent of NATO
Autonomy: which military level of ambition? supporters in the April poll believed
Egmont Security Policy Brief, No.109, March that the alliance would help Georgia
2019 preserve its security and 27 per cent
Elie Perot, The art of commitments: NATO, said joining NATO would lead to
the EU, and the interplay between law and restoration of the country’s territorial
politics within Europe’s collective defence integrity. The poll also found that
architecture, European Security, Vol. 28 Russian military aggression remains
No.1, 2019, pp. 40-65 the top security concern of Georgians
David Herszenhorn, Europe’s NATO (31 per cent), followed by fear of an
problem, Politico, 14 February 2019 occupation of South Ossetia and
In Romania, Secretary General praises Abkhazia (11 per cent), Russian
deepening NATO-EU cooperation, NATO propaganda (10 per cent) and terrorism
News Release, 30 January 2019 (four per cent).
Fabrice Pothier, A European army: can the Georgia: 77% support accession to EU, 74%
dream become a reality? IISS Comment, 7 – to NATO, Jam News, 21 May 2019
January 2019
Neil Hauer, The West Takes NATO for
Sven Biscop, Fighting for Europe: European Granted. One Country Still Wants In, The
Strategic Autonomy and the Use of Force, Atlantic, 3 April 2019
Egmont Paper 103, January 2019
NATO Allied Land Command signs letter of
Finland cooperation with Georgia Defence Forces,
DVIDS, 31 March 2019
Finland joined NATO’s Partnership for
NATO Military Committee visit Georgia in
Peace in 1994 and became a member show of continued support, NATO News
of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council Release, 29 March 2019
in 1997. Finland is one of NATO’s most
active partners and has contributed to NATO agreed Georgia would join. Why
hasn’t it happened? PRI, 27 March 2019
NATO-led operations and missions in
the Balkans and Afghanistan. It is one NATO’s Stoltenberg says Georgia is still on
of five countries that has enhanced track to eventually join the alliance, New
opportunities for dialogue and Europe, 27 March 2019
cooperation with NATO. Secretary General visits NATO-Georgia
exercise, NATO News Release, 25 March
Pauli Järvenpää, Finland and NATO: So 2019
Close, Yet So Far, EESTI – Estonia, 22 April
2019 Joint press conference with NATO Secretary
General Jens Stoltenberg and the Prime
Georgia Minister of Georgia, Mamuka Bakhtadze, 24
March 2019
A 2008 Bucharest Summit Declaration
Georgian defence minister attends
promised eventual NATO membership
multinational workshop on Non-
for Georgia – a position reiterated at Commissioned Officers, NATO News
several NATO summits since, and most Release, 25 March 2019
recently in July 2018.
NATO countries to begin military exercises
According to an opinion poll conducted in Georgia, AA.com, 11 March 2019
in April by the National Democratic
NATO and Georgian parliamentarians
Institute, 77 per cent of Georgians discuss security in the Black Sea, Georgia’s
would support their country joining the NATO integration, NATO PA News Release,
EU while 74 per cent would support 22 February 2019
NATO membership – a slight increase
Zurabishvili Says Georgia is Ready for
compared with a similar poll in January,
Integration into NATO, Georgia Today, 24
when support for the EU and NATO January 2019
were surveyed at 72 per cent and 64
14Secretary General welcomes President of Mediterranean Dialogue
Georgia to NATO, NATO News Release, 23
January 2019 NATO’s Mediterranean Dialogue (MD)
was initiated in 1994 by the North
Israel Atlantic Council and currently involves
seven non-NATO countries in the
Israel has been a member of NATO’s region: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan,
Mediterranean Dialogue since it was Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia. The
initiated in 1994 and is developing MD aims to contribute to regional
closer cooperation with the alliance, security and stability, achieve better
including maritime partnerships. mutual understanding.
IDF Deputy Chief of Staff returns from NATO Secretary General Jens
NATO conference, Jerusalem Post, 24 May Stoltenberg, with the 29 Permanent
2019 Representatives of the North Atlantic
Michael Sieveking, NATO and Israel are Council marked the 25th anniversary of
right to deepen ties, New Europe, 23 May the Mediterranean Dialogue on 6 May
2019 2019 in Ankara, Turkey. They were
IDF Deputy Chief of Staff to take part in joined by the Ambassador of North
NATO Military Committee Meeting, Macedonia and senior diplomats of the
Jerusalem Post, 20 May 2019 seven nations participating in the
Abbas: I Agreed to U.S.-led NATO force in partnership forum.
‘Palestine’, Jerusalem Post, 24 March 2019 NATO marks 25th anniversary of
NATO Deputy Secretary General Rose Mediterranean Dialogue, NATO News
Gottemoeller visits Israel, NATO News Release, 6 May 2019
Release, 21 January 2019 NATO and the Kingdom of Morocco co-
organize a public diplomacy seminar
Jordan celebrating the 25th anniversary of the
NATO supports Jordan in the areas of Mediterranean Dialogue, NATO News
cyber defence, border security and Release, 5 February 2019
counter improvised explosive devices
New Zealand
(C-IED). In February 2018, NATO
launched a Defence Capacity Building NATO and New Zealand have been
Project to enhance Jordan’s capacity in engaged in dialogue and cooperation
national resilience and crisis since 2001. New Zealand is one of a
management. range of countries beyond the Euro-
Atlantic area—often referred to as
NATO and United Nations working together “partners across the globe”—with
to strengthen Jordan’s security and defence
which NATO is developing relations.
capacity against terrorist threats, NATO
News Release, 6 March 2019 Since 2012 work has been taken
forward through an Individual
Kuwait Partnership and Cooperation
Programme.
Kuwait is a member of NATO's Istanbul
Cooperation Initiative and hosts the NATO seeks NZ support for new Iraq
NATO-ICI Regional Center, which was training programme, Radio NZ, 26 January
inaugurated in Kuwait City in 2017. In 2019
November 2018, Kuwait inaugurated Secretary General: NATO and New Zealand
the offices of its first ever diplomatic are close partners, NATO News Release, 25
mission to NATO. January 2019
Young Kuwaiti Diplomats share views with North Macedonia
NATO officials during a recent visit at NATO
Headquarters, NATO News Release, 12 Macedonia is set to join NATO as the
March 2019 alliance’s 30th member after changing
15its name to the Republic of North Ausrine Armonaite (Lithuania) Rapporteur,
Macedonia. Agreement on the name NATO Parliamentary Assembly, Economics
change was reached with Greece in and Security Committee (ESC), Sub-
2018. The name dispute between Committee on Transition and Development
(ESCTD), The Republic of North Macedonia:
Skopje and Athens dates back to 1991,
Political Change, NATO Accession and
when Macedonia peacefully broke away Economic Transition, Draft Report, 8 April
from Yugoslavia, declaring its 2019
independence under the name Republic
of Macedonia. Greece had objected to After Prespa: Could the North Macedonia
name agreement fall apart? ECFR
the name Macedonia, saying it implied
Commentary, 28 March 2019
territorial claims on the northern Greek
region with the same name. Greece had NATO Secretary General welcomes the
cited the dispute to veto Macedonia's Prime Minister Zoran Zaev of North
bid to join both NATO and the EU. Macedonia, NATO News Release, 20 March
2019
On 25 January, Greece’s parliament
Leaders of the Republic of North Macedonia
approved the change and in February see NATO accession as key to regional
NATO signed an accession agreement stabilisation and domestic reform, NATO
with North Macedonia. Each NATO PA News Release, 18 March 2019
member state now has to ratify the
Todd Carney, What Does North
accession protocol—five have done so
Macedonia’s Name Change Have to Do with
to date (Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, NATO? Lawfare, 8 March 2019
Montenegro and Slovenia).
Gil Barndollar, Macedonia is set to join
In May, in a presidential runoff, voters NATO — an alliance that can’t fight,
in North Macedonia elected a Defense News, 13 February 2019
government-backed candidate who
Macedonia officially changes its name to
plans to bring the country into NATO North Macedonia, The Guardian, 12
under its new name over a rival who February 2019
had vowed to challenge the name
change if elected. Stevo Pendarovski, a Maxim Samorukov, Macedonia Joining
NATO Is a Self-Inflicted Defeat for Russia,
joint candidate of the governing Social
Moscow Times, 10 February 2019
Democrats and 30 smaller parties,
received about 52 per cent of the vote, Greece approves protocol for 'North
compared with about 45 per cent for Macedonia' to join NATO with 153 votes,
his opponent, Gordana Siljanovska Ekathemerini, 8 February 2019
Davkova. Leonid Bershidsky, Trump Doesn’t Need
North Macedonia in NATO, Bloomberg, 7
Maxim Samorukov, Double or quits: A February 2019
Russian approach to North Macedonia and
NATO, European Leadership Network, 14 Nato to add Macedonia despite Putin
May 2019 warning, EU Observer, 7 February 2019
North Macedonia's pro-Western candidate Jonathan Katz, Evelyn Farkas and Zhikica
wins presidential vote, Reuters, 5 May 2019 Pagovski, The Agreement Over
Macedonia’s Name Is a Glimmer of Hope in
Supporter of North Macedonia Name Europe, GMF (Blog), 6 February 2019
Change Wins Presidency, New York Times,
5 May 2019 Macedonia signs Nato accession
agreement, BBC News, 6 February 2019
Renamed North Macedonia Revisits Row
That Opened NATO Path, Bloomberg, 5 May NATO Allies sign Accession Protocol for the
2019 future Republic of North Macedonia, NATO
News Release, 6 February 2019
Dimitar Bechev, The Impact of North
Macedonia's Accession to NATO, RUSI NATO To Sign Accession Pact With
Newsbrief, 25 April 2019 Macedonia, Paving Way For Membership,
Radio Free Europe/ Radio Liberty, 2
February 2019
16What’s in a Name? Membership in NATO, Azita Raji, The Partnership for Peace: A
The Cipher Brief, 1 February 2019 Quiet NATO Success Story, War on the
Rocks, 8 April 2019
James Pardew, Something remarkable just
happened in the Balkans, The Hill, 31 Secretary General praises NATO’s Open
January 2019 Door policy at enlargement anniversary
event, NATO News Release, 18 March 2019
Greek lawmakers ratify Macedonia name
change, clearing way for NATO, EU Mike Sweeney, NATO Expansion Got Some
membership, Defense News, 25 January Big Things Right, War on the Rocks, 7
2019 March 2019
NATO intelligence chief visits Skopje for Matthew Cancian and Mark Cancian, It Is
talks on defence reforms, NATO News Long Past Time to Stop Expanding NATO,
Release, 21 January 2019 War On The Rocks, 1 March 2019
Macedonia approves historical deal with
Greece to rename itself North Macedonia, Science for Peace and Security
Independent, 13 January 2019 Programme
EU and NATO officials congratulate The NATO Science for Peace and
Macedonia on amending the Constitution, Security Programme was created in
Western Balkans, 12 January 2019 1958 to promote the training of
Macedonian PM Urges Parliament To Back
scientists, encourage the sharing of
Name Change, Radio Free Europe/ Radio knowledge, and build networks of
Liberty, 9 January 2019 experts.
Process of constitutional changes in NATO works on quantum cryptography
Macedonia to enter final phase, Zaev with Malta, NATO News Release, 16 April
optimistic, Western Balkans, 4 January 2019
2019
Serbia
Policy
Unlike other Western Balkan partners,
Hal Brands, If NATO Expansion Was a Serbia does not aspire to join NATO.
Mistake, Why Hasn’t Putin Invaded? However, the country is deepening its
Bloomberg, 14 May 2019
political dialogue and cooperation with
the alliance on issues of common
NATO Partnership Programmes have
interest, such as defence reforms.
witnessed a constant growth in the past
two decades. Today the system has Inspired by NATO Bombing, Serbian Artist
become close to unmanageable in Turns Trauma into Art, Balkan Insight, 30
terms of administrative burden and May 2019
oversight—not only with regard to the Serbian president blasts NATO aggression
numbers of partner countries but also as crime that turned the clock back, TASS,
when it comes to the types of 27 March 2019
programmes, initiatives and
20 years on, Serbian victims of NATO
frameworks, funding and review bombings feel forgotten, France 24, 21
mechanisms. This Working Paper March 2019
argues that the Partnership
Programmes are in need of adaptation Serbia Just Got More Russian-Made MiG
Fighters as Arms Race With NATO-Member
and proposes possible steps into that
Croatia Escalates, TIME, 25 February 2019
direction
Wolfgang Rudischhauser, Adaptations Sweden
Needed: NATO Partnership Programmes in
the 21st century, German Federal Academy
NATO and Sweden actively cooperate in
for Security Policy, Security Policy Working peace and security operations, and the
Paper No. 11/2019, May 2019 country has been a major contributor to
NATO-led operations and missions in
the Balkans and Afghanistan. Sweden
17joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace in Secretary General and Tunisian Foreign
1994 and became a member of the Minister take stock of partnership between
Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in NATO and Tunisia, NATO News Release, 16
1997. Sweden is one of five countries May 2019
that has enhanced opportunities for NATO trains the Tunisian Navy on maritime
dialogue and cooperation with NATO. simulators, NATO News Release, 22 March
2019
A report for the Swedish Parliament
concluded in January that Sweden Ukraine
should not join the Treaty on the
Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) It has been 25 years since Ukraine
“in its present form”. Diverse joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace
stakeholders have been submitting programme and Since 2014, in the
assessments of the report and the wake of the Russia-Ukraine conflict,
Swedish Government is expected to cooperation has been intensified. In
make an official decision whether to January, Ukraine purchased over
join the TPNW in due course. $770,000 worth of .50 calibre sniper
rifles from Canada, indicating another
Wheels up for airforce exercise in the skies step in the direction of the Ukrainian
over northern Scandinava, Barents military adopting a number of small
Observer, 26 May 2019 arms (and ammunition) in common
Riina Kaljurand, The Hem and Haw of Sweden’s standardized usage with NATO forces.
Relationship with NATO, EESTI – Estonia, 22
April 2019 In March NATO and the European Union
condemned Russia's 2014 annexation
The past decade has seen substantial of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula five
shifts in Swedish security policy and years after Moscow declared the region
major change in the domestic debate Russian territory. NATO allies said in a
about NATO. For the first time, all of statement that "we strongly condemn
the right-of-centre “alliance parties” are this act, which we do not and will not
calling for a full NATO membership, recognize”. They also criticized Russia's
and popular support for NATO has military buildup in Crimea and alleged
increased. Yet public opinion contains rights abuses including "arbitrary
ambiguities and paradoxes that detentions, arrest, and torture" against
complicate the picture. At the same members of the Crimean Tartar
time as support for NATO has community.
increased, the public is overwhelmingly
Illia Ponomarenko, NATO-Ukraine: Where
for continued military non-alignment. does relationship stand after 25 years of
Karl Ydén, Joakim Berndtsson and Magnus talks? Kiev Post, 31 May 2019
Petersson, Sweden and the issue of NATO Zelenskiy team backs continued
membership: exploring a public opinion cooperation with NATO, Kyiv Post, 23 April
paradox, Defence Studies, Vol. 19 No.1, 2019
2019, pp.1-18
Sergey Sukhankin, Ukraine’s Thorny Path to
NATO Membership: Mission (im)possible?
Tunisia EESTI – Estonia, 22 April 2019
In 2014, 20 years after joining the Ukrainian Presidential Front-Runner
Mediterranean Dialogue initiative, Pledges to hold Referendum on NATO,
Tunisia entered a NATO individual Radio Free Europe/ Radio Liberty, 18 April
partnership and cooperation 2019
programme focused on priority areas Ukraine caught in cross-fire as Russia-
including counter-terrorism and border NATO cooperation curtailed, UNIAN, 17
security. April 2019
18NATO intensifies scientific cooperation and a NATO Intelligence Division to
with Ukraine, NATO News Release, 11 April better understand the security threats.
2019 In March, the NATO Joint Intelligence
Nikola Mikovic, NATO in the Black Sea: How and Security Division (JISD), in
will Russia Respond? International Policy conjunction with the Netherlands
Digest, 5 April 2019 Defence Intelligence and Security
Cadets from Ukraine’s Naval Forces Service, hosted the 20th annual NATO
Institute train on NATO mine trawler, Kyiv Warning Intelligence Working Group
Post, 27 March 2019 and Symposium, in Amsterdam. Over
the course of the three-day event,
Statement by the North Atlantic Council on
Crimea, NATO News Release, 18 March
intelligence practitioners and
2019 policymakers exchanged views on the
diverse threats and challenges
NATO-Ukraine Commission discusses currently facing NATO.
situation in Crimea, NATO News Release, 6
March 2019 NATO and the United Nations mark
Ukraine expects NATO to provide continued cooperation against terrorism,
Membership Action Plan, set date of NATO News Release, 7 May 2019
accession, Ukrinform, 23 February 2019 NATO Nations discuss Warning Intelligence
Ukraine President Signs Constitutional Reform, NATO News Release, 1 April 2019
Amendment On NATO, EU Membership,
Radio Free Europe/ Radio Liberty, 19
Maritime Security
February 2019
Ukrainian Parliament Passes Constitutional NATO’s Maritime Strategy, agreed in
Amendment To Reflect EU, NATO 2011, sets out a series of activities that
Aspirations, Radio Free Europe/ Radio includes collective defence, crisis
Liberty, 7 February 2019 management, cooperative security and
maritime security.
Ukrainian snipers are about to get this
powerful new upgrade courtesy of Canada, Rowan Allport, Fill the Cracks in NATO’s
Military Times, 7 January 2019 Maritime Strategy, Defense One, 3 January
2019
UN-NATO Relations
NATO and the United Nations are Military Exercises
building on dialogue and cooperation
developed after the end of the Cold For 2019, a total of 102 NATO
War. A structured framework for exercises are planned; 39 of them are
cooperation was set out in a Joint open to partner participation. Allies
Declaration agreed in 2008. In March reported that they will conduct 208
NATO took part in the annual UN national and multinational exercises.
Peacekeeping Ministerial Conference in The exercises led by NATO and allies
New York. The alliance was represented this year include around 25 exercises
by Clare Hutchinson, NATO Secretary primarily focused on the land domain,
General’s Special Representative for 27 exercises focused on the air
Women, Peace and Security. domain, and 12 exercises focused
mainly on maritime operations. Many
NATO participates in UN Peacekeeping other exercises train specific functions
Ministerial meeting in New York, NATO or skills such as cyber defence, crisis
News Release, 1 April 2019 response decision-making, Chemical,
Biological, Radiological Nuclear
Intelligence defence, logistics, communications and
medical. Military exercises conducted
In recent years, NATO has stepped up so far in 2019 include:
its efforts in Intelligence by creating an
Assistant Secretary General position
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