Potential of Chickpeas as a New Crop for Nevada
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Fact Sheet 20-27
Potential of Chickpeas as a New Crop for Nevada
Maninder Kaur Walia, Assistant Professor – Field Crop Specialist,
University of Nevada, Reno Extension
Chengi Chen, Cropping Systems Agronomist, Montana State University
Introduction secondary branches and the main stem,
Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.), with each of the individual round pods
commonly known as garbanzo beans, generally containing one seed in Kabuli
originated in southeastern Turkey and types and often two seeds in Desi types.
the adjoining part of Syria. Chickpeas are The plant height ranges from 14 to 22
an annual grain legume or pulse crop, inches in Kabuli types, and from 10 to 20
extensively used for human inches in Desi types. Chickpeas typically
consumption. Chickpea seeds contain mature in 120 days; however, Desi types
about 13–33% protein, 40–55% usually mature two weeks earlier than
carbohydrates, and 4–10% oil. The Kabuli types.
harvested seed can be used by the
canning industry, including garnishes for Chickpeas tend to grow best in fertile
salads. Large-seeded varieties can be sandy, loam soils with good drainage.
sold as dry-packaged garbanzo beans. Because of their deep taproot system,
However, small-seeded varieties can be they can endure drought conditions by
milled for flour or hummus food spread. extracting water from deeper in the
ground.
The two main types of chickpeas are the
large-seeded Kabuli type and the small- The inclusion of legumes as a rotational
seeded Desi type. Kabuli types are crop helps improve soil tilth, reduces
larger, more rounded and pale cream weed pressure, and may increase soil
(about 960 to 1,200 seeds per pound). nitrogen fertility for following crops in
Desi types are usually small, irregular in rotation. Pulse crops produce their
shape and dark brown to black (about nitrogen from the atmosphere through a
1,600 seeds per pound). symbiotic relationship with a soil
bacterium; thus, commercial nitrogen
Chickpea plants stand erect and applications are unnecessary or
resemble a bush with primary, secondary significantly reduced for the pulse crops.
and tertiary branching. They flower
profusely and have an indeterminate There has been increased interest in
growth habit, continuing to flower and set growing alternative crops among Nevada
pods as long as conditions support it. farmers. Testing alternative crops is
Pods appear on the primary and
A partnership of Nevada counties; University of Nevada, Reno; and U.S.
Department of Agriculture
an important task, given that 92% of the commercial laboratory (A & L Western
crops currently produced in Nevada are Agricultural Laboratories, Modesto,
forages that require large amounts of California). The results of the soil
water. Therefore, chickpeas production analysis are presented in Table 1.
was evaluated in 2019 as a potential
alternative crop. The objective of this Table 1: Selected soil characteristics
study was to assess the production before initiation of the experiment.
potential of chickpea in western Nevada. Parameter Value Rating
pH 7.1 -
Texture Loamy -
classification sand
Sand (%) 85 -
Silt (%) 6 -
Clay (%) 9 -
OM (%) 1.0 Very low
NO3-N (lbs/ac) 14 Very low
P (Weak Bray) 48 Medium
(lbs/ac)
(A) (B)
P (Bicarbonate) 20 Medium
Figure 1: Chickpea varieties planted at (lbs/ac)
the Experiment Station in Fallon. Most K (lbs/ac) 312 Medium
chickpea varieties have compound Mg (lbs/ac) 322 Medium
leaves that exhibit a fernlike Ca (lbs/ac) 2034 Medium
appearance (A); however, a few Kabuli Na (lbs/ac) 58 Very low
types have simple leaves (B). Photo by SO4-S (lbs/ac) 4 Very low
Mainder K. Walia, Extension. a
CEC (meq/100g) 6.9 -
a
CEC= cation exchange capacity
Methodology
A field experiment was conducted at the
Fallon Research Center and Experiment
Station in Fallon, Nevada, during the
2019 growing season. The soils on the
site are Sagouspe loamy sand (sandy,
mixed, mesic, Oxyaquic Torrifluvents),
with 0-1% slopes, according to USDA-
Natural Resources Conservation Service
soil survey. It is considered prime
farmland if irrigated. The available water
capacity is rated as moderate Figure 2: Chickpea plant bearing pods
(approximately 7.3 inches). grown in Churchill County. Photo by
Maninder K. Walia, Extension.
Before the experiment initiation, the soil
was sampled randomly to a depth of 12 The plot area was plowed, disced and
inches across the experimental area leveled before planting. Nine chickpea
and composited before soil test varieties were planted on April 25, 2019,
analysis, which was carried out at a using the Plotseed XL plot seeder
2
(Wintersteiger AG., Ried im Innkreis, wide), and the spacing between the rows
Austria). These varieties were provided was 8 inches.
by Eastern Agricultural Research Center
of Montana State University in Sidney, Table 3: Chickpeas variety tested, clean
Montana; and Meridian Seeds for seed yields and 1000-seed weight during
evaluation. Weather parameters 2019.
(cumulative precipitation and average Variety Market 1000 seed- Seed yield
temperature) during the growing period type weight (g) (lb/a)
are presented in Table 2.
CDC Kabuli 386.3 b 1678.3 a
Month Mean air Mean air Cumulative Cumulati Palmer
temperature temperature precipitation ve
(°F) for (°F) for 30 (mm) for precipitat CDC Kabuli 332.1 cde 1201.7 b
2019 year 2019 ion (mm) Frontier
average for 30
year CDC Kabuli 360.7 bcd 1002.0 bc
average Orion
April 52 51 12 15
May 55 59 29 17 CDC Kabuli 324.0 de 932.1 bc
June -* 67 - 10 Leader
July 73 75 0.3 2
August - 72 - 4 Alma Kabuli 303.0 e 912.2 bc
Total - - 41 48 Sierra Kabuli 378.3 b 658.2 c
Myles Desi 147.3 f 624.2 c
Table 2: Monthly accumulated Nash Kabuli 451.6 a 1129.3 b
precipitation and mean air temperature Sawyer Kabuli 364.3 bc 923.9 bc
during the growing season (2019) at Mean - 338.6 1006.9
Fallon and 30-year average (1981-2010).
P-value -of 1 square meter using hand clippers on Conclusion
July 29, 2019, when most pods were The results indicate that significant
straw yellow colored. The pods were differences exist among commercial
threshed manually to determine seed chickpea varieties for 1000-seed weight
yields and 1000-seed weights. and seed yield grown in Fallon. The top
three varieties (CDC Palmer, CDC
An analysis of variance was used to Frontier and Nash) yielded more than
examine chickpea seed yield and 1000- 1100 pounds per acre, with the top-
seed weight with mean separation at the performing variety, CDC Palmer,References
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of an alternative crop. University of early seedling development of chickpea
Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet-02- and its relation to seed yield.
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