NORTH EFATE FOREST IDENTIFICATION BOOKLET
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NORTH EFATE FOREST IDENTIFICATION BOOKLET
INTRODUCTION
This North Efate Forest Identification Booklet was produced by the Vanuatu Background
RESCCUE project led by the Government of Vanuatu and The Pacific Community
(SPC) and with funding from the French Development Agency (AFD) and the French Efate Island and Vanuatu’s capital city Forestry, WSP Opus, Ecology New
Global Environment Facility (FFEM). of Port Vila is a focal point that draws Zealand, Vanuatu Environmental
people from islands across the nation, Science Society, Birdlife International
for improved education, employment and Spatial Analysis Services. Technical
and livelihood opportunities. Efate support was provided by Vanuatu
Acknowledgements Island is about 890km² with the Department of Environmental
Thank you to all the people and highest peak, Mt McDonald, about Protection and Conservation, Live and
organisations who have contributed to 647m high. Efate’s population in 2018 Learn Vanuatu, and Shefa Provincial
the development of this booklet. The was about 45,000 people and growing Government. Community members
Vanuatu RESCCUE project would like rapidly. This rapid population growth is from the ELMA Network and North
to acknowledge the following people putting pressure on the island’s natural Efate Tasivanua Environment Network
and organisations for the important resources. came from the villages of Mangaliliu,
contributions: With this, the Vaturisu national council Veden Lengi, Tanoliu, Saama, Emua,
Written by: Ekipe, Epau and Pang Pang to shadow
• Chiefs and people of North Efate Jessie Kampai and Kelly Hayhurst of chiefs have proposed to protect
the remaining native forest and its the technical specialists.
especially the Tasivanua communities Edited by: resources for future generations. The collection of species in this booklet
• Government of Vanuatu Rowan Dixon This is referred to as the Efate Land are a sample of those documented
• Department of Environment Design and layout: Management Area (ELMA) in Efate’s during the bioblitz in October 2017.
Protection and Conservation Anisha Panchia forested interior. The area encompasses This activity was made possible
• Department of Forests of Vanuatu historic cultural sites and important through the Vanuatu RESCCUE
areas of indigenous forest. The ELMA project, The Pacific Community and
• SHEFA Province © The Pacific Community (SPC), 2018
contains a major water catchment the Government of Vanuatu.
• Representatives of Efate Land This publication is copyright. area, within which are the heads of all
Management Area (ELMA) Reproduction and dissemination of the major Efate rivers. The ELMA covers
• TASI-VANUA network material in this booklet for educational ground within a variety of customary
• Vanuatu Environmental Science
and other non-commercial purposes chiefly titles on Efate. Purpose of the
are authorised without any prior
Society
written approval from the copyright
To help the Vaturisu national council Bioblitz Booklet
• Bird Life International of chiefs protect the ELMA, a rapid
holders provided the source is fully This booklet aims to:
biodiversity survey (a bioblitz) was
• Live & Learn Vanuatu acknowledged. Reproduction of • Increase awareness of the important
undertaken in part of the ELMA in
• WSP OPUS material in this booklet for resale biodiversity in the Efate Land
2017. The bioblitz was a successful
or other commercial purposes is Management Area (ELMA)
• Ecology NZ collaboration between local and
prohibited without written permission
international scientists and local • Help local communities and visitors
• Spatial Analysis Services of the copyright holders.
community members involved in local learn about the flora and fauna of the
conservation networks and efforts ELMA
across North Efate. • Increase support to protect the ELMA
The bioblitz established a baseline of
flora and fauna species present across
a two kilometres of ridgetop forest in Who is this resource for?
north-west Efate. The survey used a The booklet is developed for the people
variety of methodologies to observe, of North Efate, the citizens of Vanuatu,
listen, record and collect evidence of researchers, tourists and anyone who is
bird, insect, bat, plant, amphibian and interested in studying and or knowing
reptile species. about the plants and animals of North
The survey team included scientists Efate and especially the ELMA.
from the Vanuatu Department of
Page 3
FROGS LIZARDS
Green and Golden Bell Frog Giant gecko
(Litoria aurea) (Gehyra vorax)
Look for: Look for:
• A White/creamy stripe along the side • Broad rounded toe pads and a
of its body rounded body, head and tail
• Black line runs along the side of its • Typically, it is light to dark brown in
body and extends past the eye to the colour with specs of lighter/darker
nostrils colouring all over its body
• Smooth white belly • Bright yellow/orange colouring under
• It can be a range of mottled colours its tail
from bright green to brown with
patches of green, bronze or gold Where you can find it:
showing through Hiding amongst the bamboo walls,
thatched rooftops and reed walls in
Where you can find it: buildings on the island or basking in the
Amongst the leaf litter in the forest sun on large tree trunks during the day,
eating insects, worms and even mice! waiting for a tasty insect, spider or even
a smaller gecko to eat! www.inaturalist.nz/photos/528812 © Mark O’Brien
SNAKES Slender Toed Gecko
(Nactus multicarinatus)
Pacific tree boa Look for:
(Candoia bibroni) • Light to dark brown in colour
• Mottled “stripe” pattern on its body
Look for:
• Underbelly is a uniform brown colour
• A variety of colours from brown/
• Thin, delicate digits (toes)
black to red/brown and mottled with
greens, grays, pinks and reds.
Where you can find it:
• They can be up to 1.4 metres in length
Amongst the logs in the forest and
• Its pointed head
woody material during the day and
eating insects on the forest floor at night
Where you can find it: time. Look in some coconut husks and
Amongst the leaf litter and up in trees, you may find me!
and in forest along riversides where it
will often lie still to digest the large prey
it has eaten such as geckos, birds and
bats.
www.inaturalist.nz/photos/1023256 © Mark O’Brien
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LIZARDS LIZARDS
Pacific Blue-tailed Skink Teal Emo Skink
(E. caeruleocauda) (Emoia cyanogaster)
Look for: Look for:
• Long, tapering bright blue tail • Its body is light brown to green
especially in the young ones! • Underbelly is light green
• Three white stripes down its body • Light green under its head
• Black to brown upper body parts • Dark brown to back line runs down
• Underbelly is a creamy white colour half of its body in the sides
Where you can find it: Where you can find it:
At the edges of forests looking for Lying amongst the forest vegetation
insects in the lower branches of shrubs waiting for a tasty insect. Sometimes it
and trees. likes to hang out in human’s gardens,
and especially loves vines!
www.inaturalist.nz/photos/4945262 © Michael Pennay
www.inaturalist.org/photos/314983 © Carmelo Lopez
Copper-tailed Skink Sanford’s Tree Skink
(Emoia cyanura) (Emoia sanfordi)
Look for: Look for:
• Its body is dark brown to black on • Vibrant green body
the top • Thick round body
• Underbelly is white
• Thin pale stripes along its body Where you can find it:
• Blue and copper colourings on its tail It can be very hard to spot these
clutching onto the leaves of a tree!! They
Where you can find it: are often found amongst old coconut
plantations and in overgrown food
Basking amongst the sunshine in low gardens.
lying vegetation, waiting for a tasty
insect or spider to eat.
www.inaturalist.nz/photos/8686112 © Daniel George www.inaturalist.nz/photos/11689970 © Sarah Wyatt
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LIZARDS BIRDS
Vanuatu Silver Vineskink Incubator Bird /
also known as Black Bordered Vanuatu Megapode
Emo Skink (Megapodius freycinet layardi)
(Emoia nigromarginata)
Look for:
Look for: • Stocky round blue and black body
• Light brown body with darker with orange legs
spotted/stripe markings • Bright red face with no feathers (bald)
• Small size • Large oval eggs – but don’t touch © Dubi Shapiro
them! Not many are left
Where you can find it:
Find these species looking for insects in Where you can find it:
open areas surrounded by trees, such www.inaturalist.nz/photos/12606909 © Felix Fleck In the lowland hill forests, or in a coastal
as gardens, partially cleared forests and breeding ground. Listen out for the
plantations. scratching of leaf litter as they forage for
food, or short shrill calling then a series
of chuckles at dusk and dawn.
© Jessie Kampai
BATS Tanna fruit dove
(Ptilinopus tannensis)
Little bent winged bat Look for:
(Miniopterus australis) • Olive green to yellow head
• Olive green neck
Look for:
• Yellow patches on the wings
• Small chocolate brown furry body
• Pinkish red feathers on its head
• Lighter fur on its belly
• Pinkish/red feathers on its belly
• Its tail is as long as its body!
Where you can find it:
Where you can find it:
Searching for fruits high in the trees of
Sleeping the day away in caves, tree wooded habitats, especially enjoying
hollows or other dark cavities. During the fruits of vines, palms and ficus,
the night, it will forage for small bugs calling through the forest in a slow
under canopy trees. repetitive trill.
© Dubi Shapiro
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BIRDS BIRDS
Vanuatu white-eye or Long-tailed triller
yellow-fronted white-eye (Lalage leucopyga)
(Zosterops flavifrons)
Look for:
Look for: • Thin bird
• Small songbird • Creamy light coloured under body
• Yellow green body • Dark brown to black upper body and
• Bright yellow to yellow green a brown head
underparts • Long tail comparted to its body
• White ring around the eyes
Where you can find it:
Where you can find it: © Berguilla Searching for invertebrates and small
Searching for small fruits, insects and fruit amongst open patches of forest –
nectar in trees and bushes of forests, they like the sunshine and don’t go too
gardens and plantations. far into the forest!
www.inaturalist.org/photos/2866339 © Jakob Fahr
Grey Fantail
NATIVE PLANTS
(Rhipidura albiscapa)
Look for: Smilax vitiensis
• Small bird
• Fan shaped tail Look for:
• Mid to dark grey on top of its body • Thick green glossy leaves
and lighter underneath • Arrow shaped leaves
• White patch at its throat • Dark purple to back round fruit
• Thin green vine
Where you can find it:
Actively flitting around – this bird never Where you can find it:
sits still! Searching for flying insects Throughout thick forested areas of the
in the trees and bushes of forests, island.
gardens and plantations to eat.
www.inaturalist.org/photos/2883008 © Jakob Fahr www.publish.plantnet-project.org/project/vanuaflora_en
© Birnbaum Philippe
Page 10 Page 11
NATIVE PLANTS NATIVE PLANTS
Calamus vanuatuensis Pittosporum campbellii
Look for: Look for:
• Bright green leaves • Bright green thin glossy leaves
• Oval Shaped • Bright orange oval fruits
• Black thorns on the stem • Bright red fleshy seeds inside the fruit
• White flowers
Where you can find it:
It is a climbing species, and you can find Where you can find it: © EDA
it climbing up through the forest layers! A small tree found in the understorey of
the forest, keep a nose out for a strong
smell!
© Gateble Gildas
Anthocarapa nitidula Macropiper latifolia
Look for: Look for:
• A strong incense smell from twigs and • Heart shaped large leaves
leaves when crushed • Large veins
• Little white flowers on long stalks • Twisted Stick like fruit
• White flowers
Where you can find it:
It is often in the drier parts of the rain Where you can find it:
forest and grows into a tree.
This small shrub can be found in the
forest edges and in partial shade.
© CSIRO
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INSECTS INSECTS
Canopus Swallowtail Spiny Orb Weaver
Papilio hypsicles (fuscus) Gasteracantha cancriformis
Look for: Look for:
• White dots along wing • Dark coloured spider
• Orange spots at the bottom of the • Large white and maroon body part
wings • Dark red to black “spines”
• Bottom of wings an irregular rounded
and long shape called tails Where you can find it:
Look out for large fragile orb spiderwebs
Where you can find it: in the trees – they will be in the middle
Find these feeding on citrus plants! of it!
Especially sweet grapefruit.
Pacific crow butterfly White lipped snail
(Euploea sp.) (Capea hortensis)
Look for: Look for:
• Black butterfly with small white spots • Glossy smooth shell
on the wings • Brown and white striped
Where you can find it: Where you can find it:
Flitting around the forest on a sunny Hanging out on the undersides of large
day. leaves, or slowly making my way to a
new patch of vegetation!
www.inaturalist.nz/observations/14494415 © Christina
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