Nationality of Sony's Hackers as Russian
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Native
Language
IdentiBication
(NLI)
Establishes
Nationality
of
Sony’s
Hackers
as
Russian
A
Taia
Global
White
Paper
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Acknowledgments
Jeffrey
Carr
President/CEO
Taia
Global,
Inc.
Shlomo
Argamon,
PhD
Chief
Scientist,
Taia
Global,
Inc.
Professor,
Illinois
Institute
of
Technology
Linguistic
Analysis
Team:
Shlomo
Argamon,
Chief
Analyst
Sophie
Manoukian,
Team
Coordinator
Linguists:
• Sophie
Manoukian,
Russian
• Sam
Gilbert,
Korean
and
French
• Joshua
Jonas,
Chinese
• Sergey
Kanareykin,
Russian
• Oliver
Mason,
German
Lorenzo
Franceschi-‐Bicchierai
shared
access
to
his
Sony
hacker
archive
of
messages.
About
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Global
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Native
Language
Identification
(NLI)
Establishes
Nationality
of
Sony’s
Hackers
as
Russian
Executive Summary
The
United
States
government
has
charged
the
government
of
North
Korea
with
responsibility
in
the
hacker
attack
against
Sony
Pictures
Entertainment
in
Los
Angeles,
CA1.
President
Obama
has
promised
a
response
that
will
be
proportionate
“and
in
a
time
and
place
that
we
choose”2.
The
government
of
North
Korea
has
ofBicially
denied
having
any
part
in
the
attack.
The
FBI’s
announcement
did
not
specify
who
actually
performed
the
attack,
but
to
be
in
compliance
with
international
law3,
the
actors
would
have
to
have
been
under
North
Korea’s
“overall”
or
“effective”
control4.
Professor
Michael
Schmitt
in
his
article
on
international
law
and
the
Sony
attack
explains
it
clearly
and
succinctly5:
To
constitute
a
breach
of
sovereignty,
an
action
must
be
attributable
to
a
State.
If
North
Korea’s
Bureau
21
mounted
the
cyber
operation,
there
is
no
question
of
attribution
since
its
hackers
work
for
the
military’s
General
Bureau
of
Reconnaissance,
and
therefore
are
State
“organs”
whose
actions
are,
as
recognized
in
Article
4
of
the
ILC’s
Articles
on
State
Responsibility,
attributable
to
North
Korea
(even
if
acting
ultra
vires).
If
conducted
by
a
non-‐State
group,
attribution
for
the
operation
would
attach
1
“Update
on
Sony
Investigation”,
FBI
National
Press
OfBice,
19
DEC
2014
2
The
Guardian,
Summary
of
Obama
Press
Conference,
19
DEC
2014
http://www.theguardian.com/
us-‐news/live/2014/dec/19/obama-‐Bbi-‐sony-‐hack-‐north-‐korea-‐
china#block-‐549478e5e4b0c6258a8a43eb
3
Shackelford,
Scott
J.
“State
Responsibility
For
Cyber
Attacks:
Competing
Standards
For
A
Growing
Problem”.
CCD
COE
Publications,
2010,
Tallinn,
Estonia
4
The
two
regimes
according
to
Shackleford
are
the
Effective
Control
doctrine,
which
recognizes
state
responsibility
only
if
the
attackers
are
completely
dependent
upon
the
State
(Nicaragua
v.
United
States,
1986,
p.
110).
The
other
is
the
Overall
Control
doctrine
(Prosecutor
v.
Tadic,
1995),
where
control
is
assigned
if
the
state
has
a
role
in
supporting,
organizing
and
coordinating
the
activities
of
the
attackers.
5
“International
Law
and
Cyber
Attacks:
Sony
v.
North
Korea,
by
Michael
Schmitt,
Just
Security
blog,
17
DEC
2014.
http://justsecurity.org/18460/international-‐humanitarian-‐law-‐cyber-‐attacks-‐sony-‐v-‐
north-‐korea/
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only
if
North
Korea
directed
and
controlled
it
(Article
8),
or
later
acknowledged
and
adopted
the
action
as
its
own
(Article
11).
Since
the
technical
evidence
mentioned
in
the
FBI’s
press
release
is
vague
and
inconclusive,
Taia
Global,
Inc.
has
examined
the
written
evidence
left
by
the
attackers
in
an
attempt
to
scientiBically
determine
nationality
through
Native
Language
IdentiBication
(NLI).
We
tested
for
Korean,
Mandarin
Chinese,
Russian,
and
German
using
an
analysis
of
L1
interference.
Our
preliminary
results
show
that
Sony’s
attackers
were
most
likely
Russian,
possibly
but
not
likely
Korean
and
deBinitely
not
Mandarin
Chinese
or
German.
The
Problem
Attributing
the
source
of
the
recent
cyber-‐intrusion
and
information
theft
from
Sony
Pictures
Entertainment
is,
as
in
most
such
cases,
extremely
difBicult.
Deliberate
deception
can
easily
spoof
such
indicators
as
IP
addresses
used,
provenance
of
malware
code,
languages
used
in
the
code,
and
locale/time
zone
settings.
The
speciBic
question
that
we
address
in
this
report
is
to
determine
the
(non-‐
English)
native
language
of
the
authors
of
the
electronic
messages
(emails
and
forum
posts)
signed
by
the
“Guardians
of
Peace,”
putatively
from
the
group
that
hacked
into
Sony
Pictures
Entertainment,
stole
their
data,
and
posted
some
of
it
publicly.
To
do
this,
we
analyzed
the
language
used
in
those
messages,
looking
for
linguistic
clues
that
would
allow
us
to
answer
the
following
questions:
1. Assuming
that
the
author(s)
of
the
messages
are
not
native
speakers/writers
of
English,
what
is
their
likely
mother
tongue?
2. SpeciBically,
what
is
the
likelihood
that
the
author(s)
of
these
messages
are
or
are
not
Korean
native
speakers,
speciBically
North
Koreans?
The
Data
For
our
analysis,
we
used
twenty
messages
reported
in
the
media
and
posted
to
Pastebin
that
have
been
attributed
to
the
“Guardians
of
Peace”
(GOP)
group
(see
Appendix
A).
These
messages
variously
threaten
Sony,
promise
and
announce
availability
of
stolen
data,
and
taunt
Sony
and
the
FBI.
As
the
English
in
the
messages
is
not
uniformly
Bluent,
it
has
been
widely
assumed
that
the
messages
were
written
by
a
non-‐native
speaker
or
speakers.
Before
discussing
our
analysis
methodology,
some
preliminary
notes
about
the
data
are
in
order.
The
Birst
thing
to
note
is
that
the
messages
vary
in
their
style
and
in
the
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Bluency
of
their
English.
Message
9,
for
example,
is
in
excellent
English,
while
message
8
is
quite
odd.
Some
of
the
messages
themselves
say
they
are
from
the
“head”
of
GOP,
while
others
say
they
are
from
a
member
of
the
group.
Hence
it
is
very
likely
that
the
messages
were
not
all
authored
by
the
same
individual,
and
that
apparently
the
various
authors
have
different
levels
of
expertise
in
English.
Assump:ons
and
Caveats
To
do
our
analysis,
we
must
Birst
rule
out
two
alternate
scenarios.
First,
that
a
native
English
speaker
or
speakers
wrote
the
messages
and
then
intentionally
inserted
errors
to
make
it
appear
as
if
a
non-‐native
English
speaker(s)
had
written
them.
Second,
that
the
messages
are
the
result
of
automatic
translation
of
foreign-‐language
original
texts,
in
which
case
it
would
be
difBicult,
if
not
impossible,
to
Bigure
out
the
original
language
from
the
English
texts
(at
least
without
knowing
speciBically
what
translation
software
had
been
used).
See
Appendix
D
for
examples
of
Google
Translate.
The
main
reason
for
rejecting
the
Birst
scenario
is
that
if
a
native
speaker
wrote
the
texts
and
added
errors
to
fake
being
a
non-‐native
speaker,
we
would
expect
the
level
of
errors
to
be
roughly
the
same
across
all
of
the
text,
since
the
deceptive
writer
would
try
to
make
sure
all
the
text
looked
“non-‐native”.
However,
this
is
not
the
case.
Even
in
texts
that
are
clearly
non-‐Bluent,
we
see
whole
sentences
that
are
perfectly
good
English.
For
example,
in
message
7,
which
is
quite
non-‐Bluent,
we
have
the
nearly
perfect
sentence:
“But
the
FBI
cannot
Bind
us
because
we
know
everything
about
what's
going
on
inside
the
FBI.”
Similarly,
message
12
is
quite
non-‐Bluent,
but
contains
the
sentence:
“If
you
don’t,
not
only
you
but
your
family
will
be
in
danger.”
Another
reason
to
reject
the
“fake
non-‐native”
scenario
is
that
the
errors
are
nearly
all
linguistically
plausible
–
unless
the
faker
is
an
expert
linguist
(as
well
as
a
hacker),
this
is
quite
unlikely.
The
second
scenario,
that
the
texts
are
the
result
of
automatic
translation
from
another
language,
is
not
entirely
out
of
the
question.
However,
the
high
language
quality
of
the
messages
–
even
when
they
are
not
perfect
English,
they
are
nearly
always
very
comprehensible
–
means
that
the
source
language
would
have
to
be
one
for
which
there
is
very
high-‐quality
translation
available
to
English.
While
this
is
the
case
for
Western
European
languages,
this
is
not
the
case
for
less
studied
Indo-‐
European
languages,
let
alone
Asian
languages
like
the
primary
candidate,
Korean.
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For
these
reasons,
we
assume
that
the
messages
were
written
by
individuals
whose
native
language(s)
are
not
English.
A
second
assumption
that
we
make
is
that
all
the
message
authors
have
the
same
native
language.
This
assumption,
while
reasonable
and
plausible,
is
not
independently
justiBiable,
and
so
must
be
taken
into
account
when
evaluating
the
results
of
our
analysis.
We
note,
however,
that
such
an
assumption
is
necessary
to
do
any
analysis
of
the
linguistic
style
of
the
messages,
due
to
the
small
amount
of
data
available.
Finally,
the
fact
that
the
amount
of
data
is
so
small
–
less
than
2000
words
in
total
–
means
that
statistical
tests
on
the
signiBicance
of
the
frequency
of
different
linguistic
features
are
virtually
impossible.
Hence
we
need
to
Bind
meaningful
features
of
the
texts
to
examine
that
both
have
very
strong
predictive
value
and
linguistic
relevance.
Methodology
We
apply
a
two
pronged
methodology
to
analyzing
the
native
language
of
the
messages’
authors.
First,
we
examine
a
number
of
possible
candidate
languages,
including
Korean,
to
see
if
we
can
rule
them
out,
and
if
not,
which
one
does
seem
the
most
likely
native
language.
Second,
as
a
further
check,
we
perform
an
independent
test
for
the
messages’
similarity
to
English
written
by
native
Korean
speakers
to
see
how
similar
the
non-‐
Bluencies
are.
Ruling
Out
Candidate
Languages
For
the
Birst
test,
the
messages
were
examined
to
Bind
words,
phrases,
and
grammatical
structures
that
are
highly
marked
ungrammatical,
or
meaningless
in
English.
These
were
categorized
roughly
either
as
lexical
(L)
or
as
syntactic
(S)
errors
(Appendix
B).
The
two
sets
of
errors
give
us
two
independent
tests
of
the
plausibility
of
a
given
language
being
the
native
language
of
the
authors.
If
most
of
the
L
errors
are
not
consistent
with
the
properties
of
a
given
language,
that
is
evidence
against
it
being
the
native
language;
similarly
for
the
S
errors.
If
however
neither
the
L
nor
the
S
errors
allow
a
language
to
be
ruled
out,
it
is
a
very
plausible
candidate.
The
L
errors
are
phrases
which,
while
sometimes
having
reasonably
clear
intended
meanings
(though
not
always),
are
not
proper,
idiomatic
US
English.
The
test
for
consistency
with
a
candidate
language
is
whether
the
phrase
could
be
a
nonce
calque,
a
word-‐for-‐word
translation
into
English
from
a
meaningful
phrase
in
the
candidate
language.
If
so,
it
would
be
evidence
that
the
candidate
language
may
be
the
native
language
of
the
author,
who
arrived
at
the
non-‐English
phrase
by
word-‐
for-‐word
translation
from
their
native
language
phrase.
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The
S
errors
are
(mostly)
general
grammatical
features
which
are
not
characteristic
of
US
English
and
which
appear
at
least
once
in
the
messages.
If
one
of
these
grammatical
structures
is
not
present
in
a
candidate
language,
it
is
evidence
against
that
language
being
the
native
language
of
the
authors.
The
languages
that
were
tested
were:
Korean,
Mandarin
Chinese,
German
and
Russian.
Linguists
with
native-‐level
expertise
in
each
language
were
given
a
questionnaire
to
Bill
out,
which
tested
the
consistency
of
the
L
and
S
errors
in
the
relevant
language.
Results
were
analyzed
to
determine
the
consistency
of
the
L
and
S
errors
with
the
characteristics
of
each
language,
as
is
detailed
below
in
the
results
section.
Similarity
to
Korean
L2
English
As
a
second
check
of
the
likelihood
of
the
main
a
priori
hypothesis
that
the
authors
are
native
Korean
speakers,
we
compared
the
errors
found
in
the
messages
with
errors
found
in
a
corpus
of
essays
written
by
Korean-‐speaking
students
of
English
as
a
second
language6
(hereafter,
“GLC”).
Due
to
the
comparatively
large
amount
of
text
(16,111
documents
and
1.57
million
words)
in
the
GLC,
a
sample
of
common
error
patterns
were
found
by
manually
examining
both
(a)
all
sequences
of
5
words
(5-‐
grams)
that
appear
between
10
and
50
times
in
the
corpus
(“S10-‐50”),
and
(b)
a
random
selection
of
200
5-‐grams
(“S200”).
The
error
patterns
that
were
found,
with
representative
examples,
are
given
in
Appendix
C.
If
most
of
these
error
patterns
are
found
in
the
messages,
and
most
of
the
message
error
types
are
found
in
these
error
patterns,
that
is
evidence
that
the
native
language
of
the
authors
might
be
Korean.
If
not,
then
any
evidence
to
rule
Korean
out
would
be
strengthened.
6
The
Gachon
Learner
Corpus
2.1
-‐
http://koreanlearnercorpusblog.blogspot.com/p/corpus.html
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2014
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Results:
Candidate
Languages
We
have
done
analysis
on
Korean,
Mandarin
Chinese,
Russian,
and
German
to
see
if
we
can
rule
any
of
them
out,
and
to
judge
which
is
most
likely
the
native
language
of
the
authors.
The
results
of
the
analysis
are
given
below.
Raw
results
for
the
L
features
are
given
in
Appendix
C;
the
results
are
summarized
in
the
Bigure
below.
Lexical Syntactic
Korean
Mandarin
Russian
German
0 4 8 12 16
As
seen
in
the
graphs,
Russian
matches
most
of
the
L
errors
and
most
of
the
S
errors,
and
so
neither
test
rules
Russian
out
as
a
candidate
language.
Mandarin
is
conclusively
ruled
out
by
the
L
errors,
though
it
has
good
consistency
for
the
S
errors,
Germany
is
clearly
ruled
out
by
both
tests,
and
Korean
is
ruled
out
by
both
tests
(though
we
note
that
the
L
error
test
for
Korean
is
not
conclusive
as
nearly
half
of
the
L
errors
are
consistent
with
Korean).
Based
on
this
test,
we
can
deBinitively
rule
out
Chinese
and
German,
conclude
that
Korean
is
unlikely
but
possible,
and
that
Russian
is
most
likely
to
be
the
native
language
of
the
authors
of
the
messages.
Copyright
2014
Taia
Global,
Inc.
All
Rights
Reserved10
Results:
Korean
L2
English
Our
second
analysis
was
a
comparison
of
the
messages
to
features
of
Korean
native
speakers
writing
in
English.
Analysis
of
two
samples
from
the
GLC
corpus
(described
above)
revealed
the
following
Korean
L2
errors
(each
occurring
more
than
once
in
the
corpus).
Errors
occurring
in
both
samples
are
in
boldface.
Errors
in
S10-‐50,
in
order
of
frequency:
• Omitted
article
(“a”
or
“the”)
• Omitted
auxiliary
verb
• Putting
"should"
at
the
front
of
a
clause
instead
of
with
the
verb
• Omitted
copula
• Omitted
possessive
apostrophe
“s”
• Added
“the”
where
not
appropriate
Errors
in
S200
(frequency
not
estimated):
• Omitted
copula
• Omitted
“have”
main
verb
• Omitted
article
(“a”
or
“the”)
• Added
“the”
where
not
appropriate
• Error
in
number
agreement
between
verb
and
object
• Improper
verb
tense
The
features
on
this
list
that
appear
in
the
GOP
messages
are:
• Omitted
article
(“a”
or
“the”)
• Added
“the”
where
not
appropriate
• Error
in
number
agreement
between
verb
and
object
• Omitted
article
(“a”
or
“the”)
• Error
in
number
agreement
between
verb
and
object
Features
in
this
list
that
we
would
expect
to
see
in
the
GOP
messages
if
they
were
written
by
Korean
L2
authors,
but
that
we
do
not
see,
are:
• Putting
"should"
at
the
front
of
a
clause
instead
of
with
the
verb
–
“should”
is
always
used
correctly
in
the
messages.
• Omitted
possessive
apostrophe
“s”,
although
most
possessives
in
the
messages
are
formed
using
“of”
• Omitted
copula
• Improper
verb
tense
The
remaining
Korean
L2
features
are
neither
consistent
nor
inconsistent
with
the
messages,
since
they
do
not
contain
expressions
where
we
would
expect
them.
To
summarize
–
there
are
some
features
that
are
consistent
with
Korean
L2
use,
and
some
that
are
not.
Due
to
the
small
quantity
of
data,
these
results
are,
therefore,
inconclusive.
However,
the
fact
that
there
are
several
features
of
Korean
L2
writing
Copyright
2014
Taia
Global,
Inc.
All
Rights
Reserved11
that
are
inconsistent
with
the
messages
means
that
it
is
implausible
that
they
were
written
by
a
native
Korean
speaker,
while
not
ruling
out
the
possibility
entirely.
Conclusions
We
conclude
that
it
is
unlikely
that
the
messages
were
written
by
native
Korean
speakers,
though
it
is
not
impossible.
It
is
far
more
likely
that
they
were
written
by
native
Russian
speakers.
It
is
virtually
impossible,
however,
that
they
were
written
by
native
German
or
Mandarin
Chinese
speakers.
This
study
is
limited
by
the
small
number
of
languages
that
were
studied,
as
well
as
by
the
limited
comparison
with
L2
English
samples.
We
plan
an
expanded
study
of
the
messages,
comparing
against
a
wider
sample
of
candidate
languages
as
well
as
performing
statistical
comparisons
against
L2
samples
in
Korean
and
other
languages.
Taia
Global
is
looking
for
linguists
with
academic
backgrounds
to
join
this
research
project
commencing
in
early
January
2015.
Interested
candidates
should
contact
Dr.
Shlomo
Argamon.
Copyright
2014
Taia
Global,
Inc.
All
Rights
Reserved12
Appendix
A:
The
GOP
Messages
1
Warning:
We've
already
warned
you,
and
this
is
just
a
beginning.
We
continue
till
our
request
be
met.
We've
obtained
all
your
internal
data
including
your
secrets
and
top
secrets.
If
you
don't
obey
us,
we'll
release
data
shown
below
to
the
world.
Determine
what
will
you
do
till
November
the
24th,
11:00
(GMT)
2
I
am
the
head
of
GOP.
I
appreciate
you
for
calling
us.
The
data
will
soon
get
there.
You
can
Bind
what
we
do
on
the
following
link.
https://www.facebook.com/pages/The-‐Guardians-‐Of-‐Peace/604245239697994
God
bless
us.
God's
Apostles
3
[Title]
Gift
of
GOP
for
2nd
day:
ConBidential
data
of
Sony
Pictures
You
can
download
a
part
of
Sony
Pictures
internal
data
the
volume
of
which
is
tens
of
Terabytes
on
the
following
addresses.
These
are
all
conBidential
and
include
data
related
to
sales
plan
of
SPE.
Password:
diespe123
1.
List
of
computers
in
Sony
Pictures
hacked
by
GOP
[Links
Redacted]
2.
Special
bonus
to
the
friends
of
GOP
[Links
Redacted]
3.
Torrent
[Links
Redacted]
4.
Mega
[Links
Redacted]
5.
RapidGator
[Links
Redacted]
6.
FilesFlash
[Links
Redacted]
4
[Title}
Gift
of
GOP
for
3rd
day
Financial
data
of
Sony
Pictures
Anyone
who
loves
peace
can
be
our
member.
Please
tell
your
mind
at
the
email
address
below
if
you
share
our
intention.
Peace
comes
when
you
and
I
share
one
intention!
Copyright
2014
Taia
Global,
Inc.
All
Rights
Reserved13
jack.nelson-‐63vrbu1@yopmail.com
You
can
download
a
part
of
Sony
Pictures
internal
data
the
volume
of
which
is
tens
of
Terabytes
on
the
following
addresses.
These
include
many
pieces
of
conBidential
data.
The
data
to
be
released
next
week
will
excite
you
more.
Password:
diespe123
1.
Torrent
[Links
Redacted]
2.
Rapidgator
[Links
Redacted]
5
[Untitled]
by
GOP
We
are
the
GOP
working
all
over
the
world.
We
know
nothing
about
the
threatening
email
received
by
Sony
staffers,
but
you
should
wisely
judge
by
yourself
why
such
things
are
happening
and
who
is
responsible
for
it.
6
[Title]
Message
to
SONY
We
have
already
given
our
clear
demand
to
the
management
team
of
SONY,
however,
they
have
refused
to
accept.
It
seems
that
you
think
everything
will
be
well,
if
you
Bind
out
the
attacker,
while
no
reacting
to
our
demand.
We
are
sending
you
our
warning
again.
Do
carry
out
our
demand
if
you
want
to
escape
us.
And,
Stop
immediately
showing
the
movie
of
terrorism
which
can
break
the
regional
peace
and
cause
the
War!
You,
SONY
&
FBI,
cannot
Bind
us.
We
are
perfect
as
much.
The
destiny
of
SONY
is
totally
up
to
the
wise
reaction
&
measure
of
SONY.
Their
Privacy
Amy
Pascal(Co-‐Chairman
SPE
&
Chairman
MPG),
Stephen
Mosko(President,
SPT)
Password:
diespe123
1.
Torrent
[Links
Redacted]
2.
Turtobit
Copyright
2014
Taia
Global,
Inc.
All
Rights
Reserved14
[Links
Redacted]
3.
Filenuke
[Links
Redacted]
4.
Previous
data
[Links
Redacted]
7
[Title]:
Gift
of
Sony
for
5th
day:
My
Life
At
The
Company
-‐
Part
1
It
will
get
more
interesting
in
the
coming
days.
by
GOP
To
SPE
employees.
SPE
employees!
Don't
believe
what
the
executives
of
SPE
says.
They
say
as
if
the
FBI
could
resolve
everything.
But
the
FBI
cannot
Bind
us
because
we
know
everything
about
what's
going
on
inside
the
FBI.
We
still
have
huge
amount
of
sensitive
information
to
be
released
including
your
personal
details
and
mailboxes.
If
continued
wrongdoings
of
the
executives
of
SPE
drive
us
to
make
an
unwanted
decision,
only
SPE
should
be
blamed.
Now
is
the
time
for
you
to
choose
what
to
do.
We
have
already
given
much
time
for
you.
My
Life
At
The
Company
Password:
diespe123
1.
Torrent
[Links
Redacted]
2.
Turbobit
[Links
Redacted]
3.
Letibit
&
180Upload
[Links
Redacted]
4.
Previous
data
[Links
Redacted]
8
We've
got
great
damage
by
Sony
Pictures.
The
compensation
for
it,
monetary
compensation
we
want.
Pay
the
damage,
or
Sony
Pictures
will
be
bombarded
as
a
whole.
You
know
us
very
well.
We
never
wait
long.
You'd
better
behave
wisely.
From
God'sApstls
9
Hi,
Copyright
2014
Taia
Global,
Inc.
All
Rights
Reserved15
I
am
the
boss
of
G.O.P.
A
few
days
ago,
we
told
you
the
fact
that
we
had
released
some
of
Sony
Pictures
Bilms
including
Annie,
Fury
and
Still
Alice
to
the
web.
Those
can
be
easily
obtained
through
internet
search.
For
this
time,
we
are
about
to
release
Sony
Pictures
data
to
the
web.
The
volume
of
the
data
is
under
100
Terabytes.
You
can
get
some
of
the
data
at
[Links
Redacted]
We
will
release
all
of
the
data
at
[Links
Redacted]
and
[Links
Redacted]
(tags:
Sony,
SPE,
GOP)
in
a
short
time(the
minimal
time
needed
for
handling
tens
of
TBs
of
data).
The
password
of
the
document
is
"diespe123".
Besides,
we
have
much
more
interesting
data
than
you
know.
If
you
Bind
special
interest,
send
an
email
in
a
method
we
have
explained
before.
Thanks,
10
Hi,
We
have
released
the
data
of
SPE
here
[Links
Redacted]
Today
more
interesting
data
will
be
presented
for
you.
Thanks,
11
Hi,
We
have
released
the
data
of
Sony
Pictures
here
http://pastebin.com/zUyA0EiX
And
you
can
Bind
data
as
it
adds
in
PASTEBIN
using
tags
of
GOP,
SONY,
SPE
and
etc.
Today
more
interesting
data
will
be
presented
for
you.
Thanks,
12
I
am
the
head
of
GOP
who
made
you
worry.
Removing
Sony
Pictures
on
earth
is
a
very
tiny
work
for
our
group
which
is
a
worldwide
organization.
And
what
we
have
done
so
far
is
only
a
small
part
of
our
further
plan.It’s
your
false
if
you
if
you
think
this
crisis
will
be
over
after
some
time.
All
hope
will
leave
you
and
Sony
Pictures
will
collapse.
This
situation
is
only
due
to
Sony
Pictures.
Sony
Pictures
is
responsible
for
whatever
the
result
is.
Sony
Pictues
clings
to
what
is
good
to
nobody
from
the
beginning.
It’s
silly
to
expect
in
Sony
Pictures
to
take
off
us.
Sony
Pictures
makes
only
useless
efforts.
One
beside
you
can
be
our
member.
Many
things
beyond
imagination
will
happen
at
many
places
of
the
world.
Our
agents
Bind
themselves
act
in
necessary
places.
Please
sign
your
name
to
object
the
false
of
the
company
at
the
email
address
below
if
you
don’t
want
to
suffer
damage.
If
you
don’t,
not
only
you
but
your
family
will
be
in
danger.
Nobody
can
prevent
us,
but
the
only
way
is
to
follow
our
demand.
If
you
want
to
prevent
us,
make
your
company
behave
wisely.
13
Copyright
2014
Taia
Global,
Inc.
All
Rights
Reserved16
We
are
an
international
organization
including
famous
Bigures
in
the
politics
and
society
from
several
nations
such
as
United
States,
United
Kingdom
and
France.
We
are
not
under
direction
of
any
state.
Our
aim
is
not
at
the
Bilm
The
Interview
as
Sony
Pictures
suggests.
But
it
is
widely
reported
as
if
our
activity
is
related
to
The
Interview.
This
shows
how
dangerous
Bilm
The
Interview
is.The
Interview
is
very
dangerous
enough
to
cause
a
massive
hack
attack.
Sony
Pictures
produced
the
Bilm
harming
the
regional
peace
and
security
and
violating
human
rights
for
money.
The
news
with
The
Interview
fully
acquaints
us
with
the
crimes
of
Sony
Pictures.
Like
this,
their
activity
is
contrary
to
our
philosophy.
We
struggle
to
Bight
against
such
greed
of
Sony
Pictures.
We
won't
give
up
this
attack
unless
Sony
Pictures
collapse
to
the
end.
14
Hi,
I
am
a
mem
of
guard-‐of-‐pis
Information
of
new
data
is
posted
at
the
following
addresses.
You
can
Bind
more
interesting
here.
13
Important
Message
to
SPE
executives
I've
sent
you
a
message.
ConBirm
your
mailboxes.
14
hi,
Im
a
m
of
Gard.Of.P
Information
of
new
data
is
posted
at
the
following
addresses.
https://friendpaste.com/6XKs8gGjJa4dbRuaES88VA
http://pastebin.com/x4MrXxYG
thx
in
adv
15
by
GOP
We
are
preparing
for
you
a
Christmas
gift.
The
gift
will
be
larger
quantities
of
data.
And
it
will
be
more
interesting.
The
gift
will
surely
give
you
much
more
pleasure
and
put
Sony
Pictures
into
the
worst
state.
Please
send
an
email
titled
by
“Merry
Christmas”
at
the
addresses
below
to
tell
us
what
you
want
in
our
Christmas
gift.
emma.brooks-‐0oc6m7bl@yopmail.com
marc.parker-‐1ojn2dp2@yopmail.com
axel.turner-‐4oqbyjui@yopmail.com
rose.martin-‐boz2uaul@yopmail.com
Copyright
2014
Taia
Global,
Inc.
All
Rights
Reserved17
rose.martin-‐0o7jacx4@yopmail.com
Message
to
SPE
The
sooner
SPE
accept
our
demands,
the
better,
of
course.
The
farther
time
goes
by,
the
worse
state
SPE
will
be
put
into
and
we
will
have
Sony
go
bankrupt
in
the
end.
Message
to
SPE
Staffers
We
have
a
plan
to
release
emails
and
privacy
of
the
Sony
Pictures
employees.
If
you
don't
want
your
privacy
to
be
released,
tell
us
your
name
and
business
title
to
take
off
your
data.
Their
Privacy
(3)
O'Dell
Steven
(President,
International
Releasing)
16
Gift
of
Sony
for
the
8th
day:
GOP
at
Christmas
(2)
by
GOP
We
are
preparing
for
you
a
Christmas
gift.
The
gift
will
be
larger
quantities
of
data.
And
it
will
be
more
interesting.
The
gift
will
surely
give
you
much
more
pleasure
and
put
Sony
Pictures
into
the
worst
state.
Please
send
an
email
titled
by
“Merry
Christmas”
at
the
addresses
below
to
tell
us
what
you
want
in
our
Christmas
gift.
emma.brooks-‐0oc6m7bl@yopmail.com
marc.parker-‐1ojn2dp2@yopmail.com
axel.turner-‐4oqbyjui@yopmail.com
rose.martin-‐boz2uaul@yopmail.com
rose.martin-‐0o7jacx4@yopmail.com
Message
to
SPE
The
sooner
SPE
accept
our
demands,
the
better,
of
course.
The
farther
time
goes
by,
the
worse
state
SPE
will
be
put
into
and
we
will
have
Sony
go
bankrupt
in
the
end.
Message
to
SPE
Staffers
We
have
a
plan
to
release
emails
and
privacy
of
the
Sony
Pictures
employees.
If
you
don't
want
your
privacy
to
be
released,
tell
us
your
name
and
business
title
to
take
off
your
data.
Their
Privacy
(3)
O'Dell
Steven
(President,
International
Releasing)
Copyright
2014
Taia
Global,
Inc.
All
Rights
Reserved18
17
The
1st
day
of
Christmas
gift:
This
is
the
beginning
by
GOP
Notice
We
have
already
promised
a
Christmas
gift
to
you.
This
is
the
beginning
of
the
gift.
Please
send
an
email
titled
by
“Merry
Christmas”
at
the
addresses
below
to
tell
us
what
you
want
in
our
Christmas
gift.
emma.brooks-‐0oc6m7bl@yopmail.com
marc.parker-‐1ojn2dp2@yopmail.com
axel.turner-‐4oqbyjui@yopmail.com
rose.martin-‐boz2uaul@yopmail.com
rose.martin-‐0o7jacx4@yopmail.com
Warning
We
will
clearly
show
it
to
you
at
the
very
time
and
places
“The
Interview”
be
shown,
including
the
premiere,
how
bitter
fate
those
who
seek
fun
in
terror
should
be
doomed
to.
Soon
all
the
world
will
see
what
an
awful
movie
Sony
Pictures
Entertainment
has
made.
The
world
will
be
full
of
fear.
Remember
the
11th
of
September
2001.
We
recommend
you
to
keep
yourself
distant
from
the
places
at
that
time.
(If
your
house
is
nearby,
you’d
better
leave.)
Whatever
comes
in
the
coming
days
is
called
by
the
greed
of
Sony
Pictures
Entertainment.
All
the
world
will
denounce
the
SONY.
Christmas
gift:
Michael
Lynton
18
Message
to
SPE
The
sooner
SPE
accept
our
demands,
the
better,
of
course.
The
farther
time
goes
by,
the
worse
state
SPE
will
be
put
into
and
we
will
have
Sony
go
bankrupt
in
the
end.
Message
to
SPE
Staffers
We
have
a
plan
to
release
emails
and
privacy
of
the
Sony
Pictures
employees.
If
you
don’t
want
your
privacy
to
be
released,
tell
us
your
name
and
business
title
to
take
off
your
data.
19
Hi,
I'm
a
mem
of
GOP.
There
is
Christmas
gift
for
FBI
at
the
following
address.
http://pastebin.com/mtFznt6A
Thanks
Copyright
2014
Taia
Global,
Inc.
All
Rights
Reserved19
20
Christmas
gift
to
FBI
By
GOP
The
result
of
investigation
by
FBI
is
so
excellent
that
you
might
have
seen
what
we
were
doing
with
your
own
eyes.
We
congratulate
you
success.
FBI
is
the
BEST
in
the
world.
You
will
Bind
the
gift
for
FBI
at
the
following
address.
[LINK
EDITED]
Enjoy!
Copyright
2014
Taia
Global,
Inc.
All
Rights
Reserved20
Appendix
B:
English
Errors
Iden:fied
in
the
Messages
Lexical
Errors
and
Infelici:es
(L)
Original
phrase Intended
meaning
(from
context)
...an
email
titled
by
... “an
email
entitled”
...Bind
special
interest,
... “Bind
an
interest
in”
...is
called
by
the
greed...
“is
called
for
by
the
greed”,
or
“is
caused
by
the
greed”
...is
very
dangerous
enough
... “is
dangerous
enough”
...it
is
a
very
tiny
work
for
us... “is
a
very
tiny
job
for
us”
...judge
by
yourself...
“judge
for
yourself”
...object
the
false
of
the
company... “object
to
the
faults
of
the
company”
...recommend
you
to
keep... “recommend
that
you
keep”
...share
our
intention...
“share
our
intentions”
...tell
your
mind... “express
your
thoughts”
...measure
of
SONY “measured
reaction
of
SONY”?
“quality
of
SONY”?
...the
wise
reaction... “the
wisdom
of
the
reaction”
...to
take
off
us...
“to
harm
us”
...unless
the
company
collapse
to
the
“unless
the
company
totally
collapses.”
end.
...you
should
wisely
judge... “you
should
decide”
It’s
your
false
if
you
... “It’s
your
fault
if
you”
One
beside
you
can
be
our
member. ??
“Anyone
besides
you
can
be
our
member”
??
Our
agents
Bind
themselves
act
in
“Our
agents
will
act
in
the
necessary
necessary
places. places.”
Peace
comes
when... “Peace
will
come
when”
They
say
as
if
... “They
talk
as
if”
We
are
perfect
as
much. “We
are
perfect.”
We’ve
got
great
damage... “We’ve
done
great
damage”
Copyright
2014
Taia
Global,
Inc.
All
Rights
Reserved21
Syntac:c
Errors
and
Infelici:es
(S)
1. The
use
of
the
dummy
verb
“do”
at
the
beginning
of
an
imperative
clause.
Example:
“Do
carry
out
our
demand
if
you
want
to
escape
us.”
2. Ergative
use
of
the
verb
“add”.
Example:
“And
you
can
Bind
data
as
it
adds
in
PASTEBIN...”
3. Elision
(omission)
of
a
direct
object,
when
understood
from
the
context.
4. Prepositional
phrase
attached
to
a
verb
placed
next
to
the
verb,
rather
than
after
the
direct
object.
Example:
“We
are
preparing
for
you
a
Christmas
gift.”
5. Use
of
the
preposition
“by”
in
cases
where
other
preporisions
such
as
“for”
or
“to”
would
be
appropriate.
Examples:
"judge
by
yourself"
or
"did
damage
by
Sony".
Copyright
2014
Taia
Global,
Inc.
All
Rights
Reserved22
Appendix
C:
Languages
Matching
L
&
S
Errors
L
Errors
Original
phrase Korean Mandarin Russian German
...an
email
titled
by
...
...Bind
special
interest,
... X X
...is
called
by
the
greed...
X X
...is
very
dangerous
enough
... X X
...it
is
a
very
tiny
work
for
us... X X X X
...judge
by
yourself...
X X
...recommend
you
to
keep... X X
...share
our
intention...
X X X
...tell
your
mind...
...measure
of
SONY X
...the
wise
reaction... X X X
...to
take
off
us...
X
...unless
the
company
collapse
to
the
X X
end.
...you
should
wisely
judge... X X
One
beside
you
can
be
our
member. X
Our
agents
Bind
themselves
act
in
X
necessary
places.
Peace
comes
when... X X X
They
say
as
if
... X
We
are
perfect
as
much.
We’ve
got
great
damage...
TOTAL 9/20 3/20 15/20 4/20
Copyright
2014
Taia
Global,
Inc.
All
Rights
Reserved23
S
Errors
Error
Type Korean Mandarin Russian German
Dummy
verb
before
imperative
clause X
Ergative
“add” X X
Direct
object
elision X X X
Prepositional
phrase
verb
attachment X X X
Preposition
“by”
use X
TOTAL 1/5 4/5 3/5 2/5
Copyright
2014
Taia
Global,
Inc.
All
Rights
Reserved24
Appendix D: Google Translations of Native Language
Texts
Original Message:
We have already promised a Christmas gift to you. This is the beginning of the
gift.
Warning. We will clearly show it to you at the very time and places “The
Interview” be shown, including the premiere, how bitter fate those who seek fun
in terror should be doomed to. Soon all the world will see what an awful movie
Sony Pictures Entertainment has made.
The world will be full of fear. Remember the 11th of September 2001. We
recommend you to keep yourself distant from the places at that time. (If your
house is nearby, you’d better leave.) Whatever comes in the coming days is
called by the greed of Sony Pictures Entertainment. All the world will denounce
the SONY.
Russian Translation:
Мы обещали рождественский подарок для вас. Это начало подарка.
Предупреждение. Мы четко его покажем вам в то время, и там где
"Интервью" будет показано, включая премьеры, как горько судьба для тех,
кто ищет удовольствие в терроре, и они должны быть обречены. Скоро весь
мир увидит какой ужасный фильм Sony Pictures Entertainment составил.
Мир будет полон страха. Помните, 11 сентября 2001 г. Мы рекомендуем вам
держать себя на дистанции от тех мест в то время. (Если ваш дом
находится поблизости, вам лучше уйти.) Все, что придёт в ближайшие дни,
вызывается жадностью Sony Pictures Entertainment. Весь мир будет
денонсировать SONY.
Google Translate:
We promised a Christmas gift for you. This is the beginning of a gift.
Warning. We clearly show it to you at that time, and where "Interview" will be
shown, including premieres, how bitter fate for those seeking fun in terror, and
they should be condemned. Soon the whole world will see what a terrible film
was Sony Pictures Entertainment.
Copyright
2014
Taia
Global,
Inc.
All
Rights
Reserved25
The world is full of fear. Remember September 11, 2001. We encourage you to
keep yourself at a distance from the locations at the time. (If your home is nearby,
you'd better leave.) All that will come in the next few days, caused by greed Sony
Pictures Entertainment. The whole world will denounce SONY.
Korean Translation:
우리가
이미
당신에게
크리스마스
선물을
약속했습니다.
그
선물의
시작입니다.
경고.
"인터뷰"가
공개될
영화의
첫날
포함하여
바로
그
시간과
장소에서
당신에게
보여
줄
예정입니다,
재미를
찾는
사람들이
격렬한
운명을
찾개될것입니다.
곧
모든
세상이
소니
픽쳐스
엔터테인먼트가
만든
서투른
영화를
볼수
있을겁니다.
세계는
공포로
가득
할
것입니다.
2001
년
9
월
11
일을
기억하십시오.
그
때의
장소
에서
멀리
떨어져있는것을
추천합니다
(집이
그
근처
일
경우,
그
근처에서
떠나십시
오.)
요
다음
몃칠에
일어날
사고들은
소니
픽쳐스
엔터테인먼트의
탐욕에
의해
실현
될것입니다.
모든
세상이
SONY를
비난할것입니다.
Google
Translate:
We
have
already
promised
you
a
Christmas
present.
The
start
of
the
gift.
Warning.
"Interview"
is
the
Birst
day
included
by
just
going
to
show
you
in
the
time
and
place
of
the
Bilm
to
be
released,
and
people
looking
for
fun
will
chatgae
a
violent
fate.
Soon
the
whole
world
will
be
a
clumsy
see
movies
made
by
Sony
Pictures
Entertainment.
The
world
will
be
Billed
with
fear.
Remember
September
11th,
2001.
It
is
recommended
that
in
place
at
that
time
far
away
(if
the
house
near
him,
then
away
from
the
neighborhood.)
My
next
thought
will
happen
in
the
myeolchil
are
realized
by
the
greed
of
Sony
Pictures
Entertainment.
All
the
world
is
gonna
have
to
blame
SONY.
Copyright
2014
Taia
Global,
Inc.
All
Rights
ReservedYou can also read
