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Journal of Language Contact
Evolution of languages, contact and discourse
THEMA series, Number 3, 2010
Multilingualism and language contact in West
Africa: towards a holistic perspective
"Es gibt keine völlig ungemischte Sprache"
(Hugo Schuchardt)
edited / édité
by / par
Friederike Lüpke & Mary Chambers
J L C - Electronic Revue
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www. jlc-journal.org
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via free accessJournal of Language Contact (JLC)
Evolution of languages, contact and discourse
http://www.jlc-journal.org/
Electronic Revue
Editors
Alexandra Aikhenvald (James Cook University, Australia)
&
Robert Nicolaï (Nice & Institut universitaire de France)
Associate Editors
Rainer Voßen (Frankfurt, Germany), Petr Zima (Prague, Czech Republic)
Managing Editor
Henning Schreiber (Hamburg, Germany)
JLC publishes two series:
The THEMA series is a yearly publication which focuses on a specific topic.
Each issue has an Editor who makes decisions in agreement with the Editors of
JLC.
Proposals for contributions should be submitted by email to nicolai@unice.fr
(email subject : "Contribution.JLC.Thema")
The VARIA series considers proposals for contributions which are concerned
with the aims of JLC as long as they have not been already studied in an issue
of the Thema series.
Proposals for contributions should be submitted by email to nicolai@unice.fr or
Henning.Schreiber@uni-hamburg.de (email subject : "Contribution.JLC.Varia")
Information for Authors:
Papers may be either in English or in French. Please refer to www.jlc-
journal.org/ for detailed.
ISSN : 1955-2629
November 2010
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Editorial Board
✝
Peter Bakker (Aarhus, Denmark), Claire Blanche-Benveniste (Paris, France), Klaus
Beyer (Berlin, Germany), Raymond Boyd (Paris, France), Matthias Brenzinger (Köln,
Germany), Cécile Canut (Montpellier, France), Elisabetta Carpitelli (Grenoble, France),
Tucker Childs (Portland, USA), Bernard Comrie (Leipzig, Germany), Denis Creissels
(Lyon, France), Norbert Cyffer (Wien, Austria), Robert Dixon (Melbourne, Australia),
Zygmunt Frajzyngier (Boulder USA), Françoise Gadet (Paris, France), Jeffrey Heath
(Michigan, USA), Bernd Heine (Köln, Germany), Tomáš Hoskovec (Brno, Czech
Republic), Dymitr Ibriszimow (Bayreuth, Germany), Caroline Juillard (Paris, France),
Maarten Kossmann (Leiden, The Netherlands), Isabelle Léglise (Tours, France),
Georges Lüdi (Basel, Switzerland), Yaron Matras (Manchester, United Kingdom),
Martine Mazaudon (Paris, France), Carol Myers-Scotton (South Carolina, USA),
Catherine Miller (Aix-en-Provence, France), Marianne Mithun (Santa Barbara, USA),
Yves Moniño (Paris, France), Annie Montaut (Paris, France), Maarten Mous
(Leiden,The Netherlands), Salikoko Mufwene (Chicago, USA), Pieter Muysken
(Nijmegen, The Netherlands), Carol Myers-Scotton (Michigan, USA), J.V. Neustupný
(Melbourne, Australia), Derek Nurse (Newfoundland, Canada), Bernard Py (Neuchâtel,
Switzerland), Mechthild Reh (Hamburg, Germany), Patrick Renaud (Paris, France),
Malcolm Ross (Canberra, Australia), William Samarin (Toronto, Canada), Norval Smith
(Amsterdam, The Netherlands), Andrée Tabouret-Keller (Strasbourg, France), Sarah
G. Thomason (Michigan, USA), Martine Vanhove (Paris, France), Marie-Christine Varol
(Poitiers, France), Donald Winford (Ohio, USA), Ekkehard Wolff (Leipzig, Germany),
Ghil`ad Zuckermann (Cambridge, United Kingdom).
Purpose
The fact of language “contact” and its impact on the dynamics of language are
recognized today. Questions relating to this topic no longer derive from marginal
studies nor from the treatment of “special cases": whether the issue is to understand
the evolution of languages, their structural and material transformations, or simply to
take account of their ordinary use, language contact is omnipresent.
We would like JLC to focus on the study of language contact, language use and
language change in accordance with a view of language contact whereby both
empirical data (the precise description of languages and how they are used) and the
resulting theoretical elaborations (hence the statement and analysis of new problems)
become the primary engines for advancing our understanding of the nature of
language. And this will involve associating linguistic, anthropological, historical, and
cognitive factors. We believe such an approach could make a major new contribution
to understanding language change at a time when there is a notable increase of
interest and activity in this field.
JLC should provide a forum for discussion of general perspectives and should accept
contributions of any orientation on the principle that reasoned argumentation will enrich
our understanding of language contact.
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Informations
Online access and downloading is free:
www.jlc-journal.org/
Notes for Contributors, JLC-style-sheet:
www.jlc-journal.org/
Book-reviews, reports and announcements.
Announcements, book-reviews, review-articles and reports from Conferences/Projects
are welcome for every VARIA or THEMA issue of JLC.
Books for reviews and reports are to be sent directly to:
Robert Nicolaï
7, rue Neuve
06510 Le Broc, France
Although maximum efforts will be devoted to publish reviews on publications received,
there can be no guarantee that all books received will, in fact, be reviewed. However,
all books and reports sent to the Editor will be listed in the Recent publications received
section of the next VARIA or THEMA issue of JLC.
Directeur de la publication / Publisher :
Robert Nicolaï : Institut universitaire de France et Université de Nice
Chaire « Dynamique du langage et contact des langues »
http://www.unice.fr/ChaireIUF-Nicolai -
Webmaster : Henning SchreiberVI Journal of Language Contact. Evolution of languages, contact and discourse
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EDITORIAL INFORMATION
Change of state
This third THEMA volume of the Journal of Language Contact, “Multilingualism and
language contact in West Africa: towards a holistic perspective” is edited under
the scientific responsibility of Friederike Lüpke and Mary Chambers. This is the latest
open access volume.
The already published volumes have been well recognized in the academic field of
Language Contact studies and the international academic affiliations of the
contributors, the thematic richness of the articles and the scientific quality may be
interpreted as a confirmation of the journals success. JLC is in the fore in its domain on
an international level and has received international attention. However, despite its
recognition it received not enough publishing support.
The attention of publishing house Brill in Leiden has, as a consequence of its
international recognition, been attracted to the development of the journal. BRILL has
contacted the editors and proposed to continue the publication and diffusion of the
Journal of Language Contact one year ago. After examination of the offer and one year
of negotiations the editors have finally accepted because the engagement and
experience of BRILL will guarantee the continuity of the journal and provide the
necessary publishing support, hosting and promotion—while the scientific
independence will be left untouched. Although the future volumes of the journal will no
longer be open access, a moderate pricing of has been agreed on.
This will change:
1) One volume with two issues of JLC will appear per year as before. A distinction with
the current practice is that most issues will be regular issues, but occasionally a
thematic issue will be published which will be announced in advance. The number of
pages will remain 350 pp. per year.
2) Starting from volume 4, JLC will be published online and in print, distributed under
the terms of subscription of BRILL (http://www.brill.nl/jlc).
3) The mode of publication of the actual issues VARIA 3 and THEMA 3 (volume 3) is
and will be still open access. All articles can be downloaded without charge as
before.
4) All issues and articles up to volume 3 will remain open access and can be
downloaded without charge as before. They will be accessible at
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/jlc/ .
Robert Nicolaï
www. jlc-journal.org
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INFORMATION ÉDITORIALE
Changement de statut
Journal of Language Contact publie aujourd’hui son troisième volume THEMA
« Multilingualism and language contact in West Africa: towards a holistic
perspective », édité sous la responsabilité scientifique de Friederike Lüpke et Mary
Chambers. C’est le dernier volume publié selon la modalité « open-access ».
Les précédents volumes ne sont pas passés inaperçus dans le champ académique
concerné par l’étude des contacts de langues comme l’atteste la répartition
internationale des attaches universitaires de ses contributeurs, la diversité de ses
contributions publiées et leur qualité scientifique. JLC a ainsi atteint une audience
internationale et, sans doute, un statut de premier plan dans un domaine qui, en dépit
de sa richesse et de son importance théorique de plus en plus reconnue, ne possédait
pas de support d’édition périodique qui lui soit dédié.
Conséquence probable de ce développement : les Editions Brill de Leiden,
attentives à l’évolution de l’édition académique, nous ont contacté et nous ont proposé
de prendre à leur compte l’édition et la diffusion de Journal of Language Contact.
Après réflexion, analyse de leur proposition et suite à une négociation qui s’est
poursuivie tout au long d’une année, nous avons décidé d’accepter leur offre parce que
cette négociation nous a donné des garanties sur les deux points essentiels que sont
notre indépendance scientifique et le prix de départ des abonnements individuels ;
ensuite, parce que les Editions Brill, qui s’engagent dès lors à assurer la fabrication, la
diffusion et la promotion de Journal of Language Contact, nous donnent une garantie
de diffusion internationale fondée sur la qualité de leur infrastructure éditoriale et une
meilleure assurance de pérennité.
Ce que cela change :
1) Journal of Language Contact publiera désormais un volume annuel divisé en deux
numéros comme par le passé, mais la distinction VARIA et THEMA ne sera plus
rigide : ainsi, tous les numéros seront « VARIA » par défaut mais des numéros
THEMA pourront être publiés lorsqu’ils seront effectivement prêts. Le nombre des
pages chaque volume sera d’environ 350 pp.
2) Dès le volume 4, Journal of Language Contact sera disponible par abonnement, en
version on-line et en version imprimée selon les modalités propres aux Editions
BRILL (http://www.brill.nl/jlc )
3) Ce numéro THEMA 3 de Journal of Language Contact est le derniers numéro
diffusé dans la modalité « open-access ».
4) Toutefois, le téléchargement des trois premiers volumes de la revue continuera à
être libre à l’adresse http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/jlc/.
Robert Nicolaï
www. jlc-journal.org
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
JLC general informations II
Friederike Lüpke Multilingualism and language contact in West Africa: towards a 1
holistic perspective
I. Contact and multilingualism as an outcome of speakers in contact
G. Tucker Childs The Mande and Atlantic groups of Niger-Congo: prolonged 15
contact with asymmetrical consequences
Caroline Juillard Analyse sociolinguistique du contact entre et groupes joola et 47
mandinka, à Ziguinchor
II. Structural outcomes of languages contact at the micro level
Abdourahmane Diallo Morphological consequences of Mande borrowings in Fula: the 71
case of Pular, Fuuta-Jaloo
Valentin Vydrin & Alexandra Impact of Pular on the Kakabe language (Futa Jallon, Guinea) 86
Vydrina
III. Developing methodologies and predictive models for contact-induced change
Klaudia Dombrowsky-Hahn Some methodological problems in the study of language contact: 109
the case of Senufo and Manding (Mali)
Klaus Beyer Language contact and change: A look at social factors in an 131
African rural environment
IV. Defining communities, languages, and varieties and identifying contact-induced influences
Friederike Lüpke Language and identity in flux: in search of Baïnounk 155
Alexander Cobbinah The Casamance as an area of intense language contact: The case 175
of Baïnounk Gubaher
V. Multilingualism in writing and in education
Marie-Ève Humery Multilinguisme et plurigraphie dans le Fuuta sénégalais : 205
quelques outils d’analyse
Kristin Vold Lexander Vœux électroniques plurilingues : nouvelles pratiques, nouvelles 228
fonctions pour les langues africaines ?
Ingse Skattum L’introduction des langues nationales dans le système éducatif au 247
Mali : objectifs et conséquences
Abstracts 271
JLC Authors and Referees (THEMA 1, 2, 3 ; VARIA 1, 2, 3) 275
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