Multidimensional Outlook on Environment - r. r. r. r - Zenodo
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Multidimensional Outlook on Environment Editors D r. S a r m i s t h a S a h a D r. R a h i S o r e n D r. N o b i n a M u k h e r j e e D r. S i r s e n d u B h o w m i c k
Multidimensional Outlook on Environment
ISBN: 978-81-948349-0-8
A Study on Community Based Conservation Status
of Nilssonia nigricans (Anderson 1875) in Cooch
Behar, West Bengal, India
Karabi Roy Pramanik1, Raviranjan Pandey1, Tamali Roy1, Sarmistha Saha2, Hadida
Yasmin1*
1
Dept. of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India
2
Central Pollution Control Board, Eastern Region Directorate, Kolkata
* Corresponding author: Hadida Yasmin, E-mail: hadiday77@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
A freshwater turtle species Black softshell turtle (Nilssonia
Keywords: nigricans) has been categorized as ‘extinct in the wild’ by
the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in
Black Softshell Turtle the year 2002. This species is now restricted in some temple
Baneswar ponds of Bangladesh (Bayazad Bostami shrine) & in Assam
India (Hayagriva temple), India. The existence of Black softshell
Community Conserva- turtle inhabiting the Baneswar Shiva temple pond of Cooch
tion
Behar district, West Bengal has been documented in news
Nilssonia nigricans
media. Current study reports the existence of Black softshell
turtle in the natural water bodies such as community ponds,
water lodged areas and even in house hold drainages of
Baneswar. They have been found displaying usual terrestrial
activities such as nesting and breeding in their natural
habitats. Present study reveals the community conservation
efforts by the local people of Baneswar. Finding the threats
to these freshwater turtles and coming up with conservation
strategies is the focus of our study for its better conservation
and successful survival in the nature which might help to
change its IUCN status.
1. Introduction same time they are often used as pets.
Turtles and tortoises are keystone Turtle shell are also used for medicinal
species, playing invaluable role in purpose in China where eggs as well
balancing ecosystems (1, 2). There as different body parts of juveniles and
are nearly 360 known turtle and adults are exploited indiscriminately
tortoise species, out of these 127 are (4). Thus, they are in great demand in
endangered or critically endangered international markets.
(EN or CR) and 187 are threatened (CR, Black softshell turtle, Nilssonia
EN or VU) according to the IUCN Red nigricans (5) is a fresh water turtle
List criteria (3). Agricultural ponds, once found along the floodplains of
irrigation ditches, fishing farm and Brahmaputra River (6) have now been
water reservoirs are favorable habitats categorized as extinct in wild in the red
for the turtles. Economically, freshwater data book of IUCN (7). N. nigricans was
turtles are considered valuable as food first described by Anderson (5) from a
for good quality of flesh and fat at the
26
Pramanik et al. (2021)
single artificial pond near Chittagong, bodies as well. This paper highlights the
Bangladesh (8, 9, 10, 11). It has also present condition of the turtle habitat,
been spotted in River Bhoroli and in its dispersal range and the associated
Hayagriva Madhava temple’s pond in threats to the species. Findings of this
the state of Assam in northeast India article might facilitate development of
(12, 13). appropriate conservation strategies.
A small population of Black softshell 2. Study Area and Methodology
turtle, locally known as ‘Mohan’, Current study area involves
has been documented inhabiting the Baneswar (26°23’31” N, 89°29’43.73”
pond adjacent to the Baneswar Shiva E) which is a Panchayat area under
Temple of the Cooch Behar district of Pundibari Block-2 in Cooch Behar
West Bengal, India. Geographically, district (25°57’47” to 26°36’20” N and
Cooch Behar district is the part of the 88°47’44” to 89°54’35” E) of West Bengal.
Himalayan Terai region of West Bengal There is an ancient Shiva Temple in
bounded by the State of Assam in the Baneswar which was built around
east and Indo-Bangladesh boundary in sixteenth century and renovated in the
the south as well as in the west. This late 1750’s by Maharaja Pran Narayan,
temple was established around the year the King of Cooch Behar. As per the
1625-1665 and the turtles have been oral history of Baneswar, the temple
found in a pond adjacent to the temple pond constructed during renovation of
(14, 15, 16). The temple devotees named the temple became the primary habitat
these fresh water turtles, Mohan and of the Black softshell turtle (Nilssonia
thus, the pond came to be known as nigricans), though there is no printed
Mohan Dighi (14, 15, 16). The reporting document to trace down the existence of
of this species as Nilssonia nigricans this turtle species in this pond.
(Anderson 1875) was also recently
done on the basis of its morphological The study was carried out from 2018
characteristics (6). to 2020. The water-area, surroundings
of the water bodies and adjacent
In 2002 as an act of renovation, vegetation were explored for the turtle
the banks of the pond were paved with sighting and identification of turtle
concrete lining, which probably led to tracks, corridors and nesting sites. The
the change in littoral habitat to a large ponds were scanned using binoculars
extent, resulting in the death of at least for basking turtles. Focal sampling was
10 turtles (17). The local community done by scanning thoroughly within a
believed this turtle as a form of Lord range of 3 km circling the temple area
Vishnu and so their death led to several for a period of two years. Information
protests. Eventually, the concrete lining about the turtle sighting from the local
was removed and the nesting beach was community were also included in the
reconstructed as it was earlier. study. Concerned officials of Forest
In 2017, initiatives were taken to Department, Govt. of West Bengal were
study the hydrological parameters of interviewed for the above mentioned
the temple pond as turtle habitat by purpose. During the course of the
an academic and research institution, study, the turtles that were rescued
the Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma by the local community, inspected
University. Detailed survey of the area for their morphological identification,
resulted in the discovery of the presence photographed and released into their
of Nilssonia nigricans in nearby water habitat. No turtles were harmed or put
27
Multidimensional Outlook on Environment
ISBN: 978-81-948349-0-8
Fig.1: a. Map of study site Baneswar in Cooch Behar district of West Bengal. Green
spots represent sampling ponds/waterbodies which are habitat of Nilssonia nigricans,
b. Satellite map showing the vegetation and terrain of the dispersed area of N. nigricans.
28
Pramanik et al. (2021)
under duress to carry out the study. and the head has black reticulation.
Maps of the habitat were plotted using Juvenile carapace showed presence
Geographical Positioning System (GPS) of ocelli with concentric rings usually
readings. Detail geographical positions four in numbers on its dorsal surface.
of all the ponds where the presence of Mating takes place during winter season
N. nigricans was observed are provided as reported by the local people during
in Annexure 1. No objection certificate interviewing.
(NOC) for the study was granted by the
Directorate of Forests, Government of The turtle habitats were found to
West Bengal, India. be surrounded with different vegetation
of algae and aquatic plants like floating,
3. Results and Discussion submerged and emergent macrophytes
Our study documents a total of such as species from phylum
85 water bodies, including community Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Rhodophyta,
pond, fishing pond, paddy field, marshy Bacillariophyta, Tracheophyta. A floral
land, irrigation ditches, fishing farms, species list of the vegetation is provided
water lodged areas, and household in Table 1. Fig.3 represents the plant
drains where Black softshell turtle species found in and around the habitat
(Nilssonia nigricans) have been located. of N. nigricans.
These water bodies were distributed From the local community survey
around 72 different locations apart and information from the Forest
from its primary habitat, i.e. Baneswar Department, inducing factors that might
Shiva Temple pond (Fig.1a, b). The total cause observed expansion of the habitat
area of the temple pond, along with the of N. nigricans were identified in Cooch
breeding ground, comprises 7604 m2 Behar district. Accounted aspects are
and 5.5 m to 6 m deep (Fig.2a, b, c). The as follows: (a) presence of enormous
turtle has been found to travel to new number of water bodies including
habitats within an area of approximately perennial ponds; (b) frequent flash flood
1392300 m2; while dispersing, it has faced by the district; (c) availability of food
moved about 622396 m2 away from especially fishes (6) and (d) community
its primary location within Baneswar. protection. Cooch Behar district is known
Thus, the total habitat area of the turtle for its very frequently scattered water
as per the survey till March, 2020 is bodies (natural and man-made); fishery
about 630000 m2 inside Baneswar. is therefore an important livelihood of
Subsequently, it was observed that they the farmers of this district (18). The
also travelled to new habitats covering rivers and water bodies of Cooch Behar
an area of approximately 762300 m2 together comprise about 4.68 percent
away from Baneswar, mostly towards (156.98 km2) of the total land use and
Alipurduar district (1.79 km north). land cover (19). It has large numbers of
The survey study is still in progress; it lentic water bodies such as fish ponds
is expected that there are several other and beels, and lotic water bodies such
locations that are yet to be reported. as the rivers. There are six perennial
Both adult and juvenile Black rivers, namely, Tista, Jaldhaka, Torsa,
softshell turtles were documented in this Raidak, Gadadhar, and Kaljani, which
study. Adults were blackish olive in color flow through the district (18).
with low and oval carapace covered with In the case of freshwater turtles,
soft skin. Digits were strongly webbed their movement and dispersion largely
with large claws. The plastron is white depend on access of water in their habitat
29
Multidimensional Outlook on Environment
ISBN: 978-81-948349-0-8
Fig.2: Photographs showing different habitats of the Black softshell turtle (Nilssonia
nigricans): a. pond (Mohan Dighi) within the premises of Baneswar Shiva Temple; b. Black
softshell turtle inside the temple pond; c. during water and soil sample collection from
the temple pond; d. eggs were found in several terrestrial locations; e. community pond
where turtles were located; f. turtles were also found in small water lodged area; g. turtle
found at household drainage; h. turtles were also located in open drains; i. local fisherman
displaying a juvenile turtle caught through fishing net from his own pond; j. turtle caught
in fishing hook being freed by local fisher man; k. turtle killed while crossing the railway
track; l. during survey work with local people.
(20, 21, 22); variation in resources can litter and dead plant materials (Fig.2d).
influence its movement patterns (22,
23). We found that most of the water Another possible reason for the
bodies, where the turtles had dispersed, dispersal of these fresh water turtles to
were community fishing ponds, which different water bodies is the recurrent
likely provided them adequate food, flash flood events in Cooch Behar.
such as fry and fingerlings to thrive. In 1993, the Torsa River breached
The turtles were often found basking its embankment and flooded Cooch
on the periphery of the water bodies, Behar and its neighboring Alipurduar
in addition to occasionally nesting in district (24). Many turtles escaped
adjoining areas. Eggs were also found in from the overflowing pond into several
and around the nesting site covered by water bodies adjacent to the temple
30Pramanik et al. (2021)
Table 1: Plant species list of the habitat of N. nigricans
Sl. Common Name Scientific Local Name Family
No. Name
1. Bermuda Grass Cynodon Dūrvā grass Poaceae
dactylon
2. Santa-Maria, Santa Maria feverfew, Parthenium Gajar ghas Asteraceae
White top weed and Famine weed hysterophorus*
3. California grass, Para grass, Buffalo Brachiaria Para ghas Poaceae
grass, Mauritius signal grass, Pasto mutica
pare, Malojilla, Gramalote, Parana,
Carib grass and Scotch grass
4. Devil's cotton Abroma augusta Ulot kambal Malvaceae
5. King of Bitters Andrographis Kalmegh Acanthaceae
paniculata
6. Asthma-plant Euphorbia hirta Dudhi Euphorbiaceae
7. Gotu kola, Indian pennywort and Centella asiatica Thankuni Apiaceae
Asiatic pennywort
8. False daisy, Gunta kalagaraku/ Eclipta prostrata Kalakeshori Asteraceae
Gunta galagaraku, Karisalankanni
and Bhringraj
9. Snake vine Stephania Akandi Menispermaceae
japonica
10. Silver Leaf Dwarf Elephant Ear Colocasia fallax Kalakochu Araceae
11. Thumba Leucas aspera Dondokokolosh Lamiaceae
12. Licorice weed, Goatweed, Scoparia- Scoparia dulcis Chinimithai Plantaginaceae
weed
13. Chick weed, Pipili and West Indian Drymaria Hargila, Avijal, Caryophyllaceae
drymary diandra Nasiyapati
14. Wild sugarcane Saccharum Kash ful Poaceae
spontaneum
15. Water hyacinth Eichhornia Kachuripana Pontederiaceae
crassipes
16. Taro and kalo Colocasia Kochu Araceae
esculenta
17. Water spinach, River spinach, Ipomoea Kolmi Convolvulaceae
Water morning glory and Water aquatica
convolvulus
18. Water lilies Nymphaea Shaluk Nymphaeaceae
abhayana
19. Water lettuce and Water cabbage Pistia stratiotes Golap pana Araceae
20. Bush morning glory Ipomoea carnea. Dhol-kolmi Convolvulaceae
21. Kokilaksha or Gokulakanta Hygrophila Kulekhara Acanthaceae
spinosa
22. Touch me not and Shame plant Mimosa pudica Lojjabati Fabaceae
23. Indian goosegrass, Yard grass, Chrysopogon Chorkanta Poaceae
aciculatus
24. Wiregrass or Crow foot grass Eleusine indica Binna challa/ Poaceae
Chapra
* invasive species
31Multidimensional Outlook on Environment
ISBN: 978-81-948349-0-8
Fig.3: Vegetation at N. nigricans habitat. Different plant species found in the vegetation
are: a. Hygrophila spinosa, b. Nymphaea abhayana, c. Ipomoea carnea, d. Pistia stratiotes,
e. Colocasia esculenta, f. Mimosa pudica, g. Eichhornia crassipes, h. Eleusine indica,
i.Brachiaria mutica, j. Andrographis paniculata, k. Euphorbia hirta, l. Ipomoea aquatica,
m. Centella asiatica, n. Stephania japonica, o. Colocasia fallax.
area. Although several turtles were found residing in water lodged area near
returned back to the pond by local the roadside and railway tracks as well
people, few likely remained in the as in the open drains from the household
habitat they had managed to disperse. localities (Fig.2f, g, h). The open drains
Cooch Behar experienced frequent flood and small water lodged areas that were
events for several consecutive years covered by floating vegetation were
between 2006 and 2014 connecting found in extremely polluted condition.
the adjacent aquatic ecosystems (25). Some of the ponds and road side water
Connectivity through the landscape to logged areas were also polluted as
adjacent aquatic ecosystem is essential several household solid garbage and
for the freshwater turtles for foraging liquid sewage flows into it through open
and breeding to ensure that viable drains from the nearby households.
populations are maintained (26). At Lack of basking areas and poor quality
the same time, the religious faith of the of water possibly also affected the daily
community who worship this turtle gave behavioral activities of the turtle.
protection to these turtles and giving
them the freedom to disperse freely. Interactions with the temple people
Villagers and devotees were often seen revealed sighting of more than 200
providing puffed as well as cooked rice turtles inhabiting the ponds. Since the
and cereal to the turtles. concrete lining was constructed across
the pond, the incidences of hatching
Although majority of the habitats has declined gradually at the temple
chosen by these turtles were community pond, though it was removed afterwards
ponds (Fig.2e), a good number were also due to local protest as reported by the
32Pramanik et al. (2021)
residents of Baneswar village during programs for the temple staff
interview. A new breeding area has been • Artificial incubation of the eggs
reconstructed near the pond but still • Rearing the hatchlings
there is need to enhance the basking
areas surrounding the pond. To increase 2.Awareness programs in
the hatching success, periphery of the conserving the target species
ponds need to be modified into small 3.Awareness programs about the
sandy tracts with sparse vegetation (6). ecological importance of the species
The temple pond was observed to be
4.Publication of “Mohan – an effort
surrounded with proper predator-proof
of awareness for conservation: a short
fencing.
film on MOHAN of Baneshwar, West
Turtles migrate for many reasons; Bengal” in the official YouTube channel
nesting being the most common among of Dept. of Zoology, Cooch Behar
all (27, 28). Movement in search of nesting Panchanan Barma University, made by
sites explain considerable mortality of N. the students of the department to spread
nigricans while crossing the roads due to consciousness. The link is provided at
vehicle accidents (29, 30). The empathy the end of the reference section (37).
of the local community protected these 5. Training programs on helping
turtles from road accidents or when the turtle during road cross and the
they were caught in fishing net and knowledge about handling the turtles.
hook (Fig.2i, j). Although as per the
news reports, the frequency of turtle This study is a pioneer work which
death in road accident has increased. reports the presence and successful
Wildlife corridors need to be constructed survival of N. nigricans in their natural
to reduce the turtle mortality during habitat after being figured as “extinct
migration. Recent documentation of N. in the wild” in the IUCN Red List in
nigricans death at the railway track near 2002(7). The current study confirms the
Baneswar rail station has been shown existence of N. nigricans in most of the
in Fig.2k (31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36). waterbodies in natural condition, found
within a range of about 2 km from the
Illegal trade has always threatened Baneswar Temple from where they have
turtles worldwide. Reported incidents originally dispersed. The protective
like hunting for meat, cartilage and attitude of the local community towards
for medicinal purpose have been this turtle possibly helped them to
increasingly endangering turtle thrive naturally in their usual habitat.
populations worldwide. Addressing the A census study is of urgent need to
conservation issues of this freshwater understand the population size of this
turtles through workshops, trainings turtle. This documentation might help
and seminars are the need of the to upgrade the conservation status of
moment. At the same time, efforts need the species, Nilssonia nigricans in near
to be taken to monitor turtle trade routes future.
and information on various sources of
transport. Acknowledgements
The ongoing efforts and future The authors express their gratitude
initiatives for the community awareness to Prof. Uday Kishore, Brunel University,
generation by the research group are: London for his valuable comments
on the early draft of the manuscript.
1.Conducting various training The authors would like to thank Ms.
33Multidimensional Outlook on Environment
ISBN: 978-81-948349-0-8
Sudeshna Chakraborty, Mr. Protap K among Different Species. Herbal
Jha and Mr. Rishab K Modi, students Medicines & Neutraceuticals 19(1):
of Department of Zoology, Cooch 33-37
Behar Panchanan Barma University
for participating in the survey work. 5. Anderson J (1875) Description
The authors express their gratitude to of some Asiatic Mammals and
Prof. Debkumar Mukhopadhyay, Vice Chelonia. Ann Mag Nat Hist 16:
Chancellor of Cooch Behar Panchanan 282-285
Barma University for funding the initial 6. Das RK, Mondal R, Joardar BS,
studies. This study was funded by Ray Nilay (2020) First occurrence
Dept. of Higher Education, Science & and conservation status of Black
Technology and Biotechnology, Govt. of softshell turtle, Nilssonia nigricans
West Bengal, under the project entitled (Anderson 1875) (Reptilia:
“Community based initiative for the Testudines: Trionychidae) in
conservation of Black Softshell Turtle West Bengal, India. Proc Zool Soc
(Nilssonia nigricans) of Baneswar, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12595-
Cooch Behar, WB” (744 (sanc)/HED- 020-00329-3
12011(19)/6/2019-UNVSEC-Dept.
of HE. The authors express their 7. IUCN (2002) Redlist of threatened
appreciation to journalist Mr. Arindam species. https://www.iucnredlist.
Saha for providing information related org/
to local newspaper reporting. 8. Das S, Datta D, Saha N, Hye FB
References (2018) Conservation status of
Black softshell turtle (Nilssonia
1. Ali W, Javid A, Khan WA, Hussain nigricans) in Bangladseh. J Wildlife
A, Rizwan M, Ameer M, Sajid Reasearch 6(2):12-16
QA (2017) Diversity and Habitat
Preferences of Herpetofauna at 9. Ahsan MF, Haque N, Fugler CM
Kalabagh Game Reserve, District (1991) Observation of Aspideretes
Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. nigricans, a semi domesticated
Russian Journal of Herpetology 24 endemic turtle from eastern
(4): 267–274. Bangladesh. Amphibia-Reptilia 12:
131–136
2. Ali W, Javid A, Hussain A,
Bukhari SM (2018) Diversity and 10. Ahsan MF, Saeed MA (2009)
conservation of freshwater turtles Bostami turtle (Aspideretes
in Pakistan: a review. Biodiversity. nigricans) No longer endemic only to
https://doi.org/10.1080/1488838 Bangladesh. Tiger paper. Regional
6.2018.1468820 Quarterly Bulletin on Wildlife and
National Parks Management 36:
3. Rhodin AGJ, Stanforb CB, Dijk PPV 29–32.
et. al. (2018) Global Conservation
Status of Turtles and Tortoises 11. United Nations Environment
(Order Testudines). Chelonian Protection World Conservation
conservation and biology 17(2): Monitoring Centre (2014) Checklist
135-161. of CITES species. CITES Secretariat,
Geneva, Switzerland, and UNEP-
4. Li LQ, Cheung HY (2020) Turtle Shell WCMC, Cambridge, UK.
Extract as a Functional Food and
Its Component-based Comparison 12. Praschag P, Hundsdorfer AK, Reza
34Pramanik et al. (2021)
AHMA, Fritz U (2007) Genetic 21. Stone PA (2001) Movements and
evidence for wild-living Aspederetes demography of the Sonoran Mud
nigricans and a molecular Turtle, Kinosternon sonoriense.
phylogeny of South Asian softshell Southwestern Naturalist 46:41–53.
turtles (Reptilia: Trionychidae:
Aspideretes, Nilssonia) Zoological 22. Pérez-Pérez A, López-Moreno AE,
Scripta 36: 301–310. Suárez-Rodríguez O, Rheubert JL,
Hernández-Gallegos O (2017) How
13. Kundu S, Laskar BA, Venkataraman far do adult turtles move? Home
K et al (2015) DNA barcoding of range and dispersal of Kinosternon
Nilssonia congeners corroborates integrum. Ecology and Evolution
existence of wild N. nigricans in 7(20):8220–8231
northeast India. Mitochondrial
DNA 1–4. https://doi.org/10.3109 23. Roe JH, Georges A (2008) Terrestrial
/19401736.2015.1046176 activity, movements and spatial
ecology of an Australian freshwater
14. Harendra NC (1903) The Cooch turtle, Chelodina longicollis, in
Behar state and its land revenue a temporally dynamic wetland
settlements. Cooch Behar State system. Austral Ecology 33:1045–
Press, Cooch Behar. 1056
15. Paul NN (2000) Itikathay Cooch 24. Phansalkar SJ, Choudhury N, Sabri
Behar. Anima Prokashani, Kolkata. TA, Kher V and HazarikaM (2016)
Development profile in flood prone
16. Nag H (2010) Kamatapur theke areas. Studies in Development
Cooch Behar. Mitra and Ghosh Processes. Tata Trusts 1:1-85
Publishers, Kolkata.
25. Dey S (2015) Floods in Cooch
17. Telegraph (2006) https://www. Behar: Nature analysis and
telegraphindia.com/states/west- mitigation. International journal
bengal/turtle-death/cid/804962 of English language, literature and
18. Das RK and Barat S (2014) Fishing humanities 3:294-312.
gears operated in lentic and lotic 26. Smith LL, Subalusky AL, Atkinson
water bodies of Cooch Behar, West CL, Earl JE, Mushet DM, Scott
Bengal, India. Indian Journal of DE, Lance SL, Johnson SA
Traditional Knowledge 13(3):619- (2018) Biological Connectivity
625. of Seasonally Ponded Wetlands
19. Sarkar A, Banik P, Dattagupta R across Spatial and Temporal
(2014) Natural resource mapping Scales. Journal of the American
using hybrid classification Water Resources Association.
approach: Case study of Cooch https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-
Behar District, West Bengal. 1688.12682
International Journal of Geomatics 27. Aresco MJ (2005) Mitigation
and Geosciences 4(3):499-50. Measures to Reduce Highway
20. Hall DH, Steidl RJ (2007) Mortality of Turtles and Other
Movements, activity, and spacing of Herpetofauna at a North
Sonoran Mud Turtles (Kinosternon Florida Lake. Journal of Wildlife
sonoriense) in interrupted mountain Management 69: 549–560.
streams. Copeia 2:403–412.
35Multidimensional Outlook on Environment
ISBN: 978-81-948349-0-8
28. Marchand MN, Litvaitis JA (2004) Dhakkay Nithar ‘Mohon’ 10 June
Effects of Habitat Features and 2020a
Landscape Composition on the
Population Structure of a Common 32. Ananda Bazar Patrika. ‘Mohon
Aquatic Turtle in a Region Corridor’ Gorar Torjor, 11 June
Undergoing Rapid Development. 2020b
Conservation Biology18: 758–767. 33. Ananda Bazar Patrika. Dhakka
29. Steen DA, Gibbs JP (2004) Effects Samlate Pareni ‘Mohon’, 12 June
of Roads on the Structure of 2020c
Freshwater Turtle Populations. 34. Ananda Bazar Patrika. Lockdown
Conservation Biology 18:1143– Shes holei fer shuru Sameekhkha,
1148. 13 June 2020d.
30. Wahab AK, Saeed K, Azam MM, 35. Ananda Bazar Patrika. Mohonder
Nasir SM (2012) Distribution and Surakhkhay Bishade Tathya
Status of Threatened Species of Sangraha, 14 June 2020e.
Freshwater Turtles in Selected
Areas of Indus River System. 36. Ananda Bazar Patrika. Phanka
Zoological Survey of Pakistan, Banesware Ghurchhe Mohonera,
Ministry of Climate Change, 21 July 2020f.
Islamabad, Pakistan. 37. h t t p s : / / w w w . y o u t u b e . c o m /
31. Ananda Bazar Patrika. Train Er watch?v=kW-3NcJIvu0
Cite this Chapter
Pramanik KR, Pandey R, Roy T, Saha S, Yasmin H (2021) A Study on Community Based
Conservation Status of Nilssonia nigricans (Anderson 1875) in Cooch Behar, West Bengal,
India. In: Saha S, Mukherjee N, Soren R, Bhowmick S (Eds) Multidimensional Outlook on
Environment. Greenfeather, India, pp 26-38.
36Pramanik et al. (2021)
Annexure 1: Detail geographical locations of all the N. nigricans inhabiting ponds
in and around Baneswar area.
Sl. Physical Location/ Landmark Geographical location
1 Pond 1 (Near Railway crossing, opposite to Baneswar 26°23'44.942''N 89°29'42.131''E
railway station)
2 Pond 2 (Near Railway crossing, opposite to Baneswar 26°23'44.942''N 89°29'42.131''E
railway station)
3 Pond 3 (Near state highway) 26°23'59.828''N 89°29'45.351''E
4 Pond 4 (Near state highway) 26°24'2.339''N 89°29'45.756''E
5 Pond 5 (Near state highway) 26°24'5.416''N 89°29'45.65''E
6 Pond 6 (Near state highway) 26°24'4.615''N 89°29'52.935''E
7 Pond 7 (Near state highway) 26°24'4.019''N 89°29'53.482''E
8 Pond 8 (Near state highway) 26°23'51.34''N 89°29'47.359''E
9 Pond 9 (Near state highway) 26°23'51.771''N 89°29'54.636''E
10 Drain 26°23'50.946''N 89°29'45.489''E
11 Near Baneswar khasba High School – pond 1 26°23'48.20"N 89°29'46.60"E
12 Near Baneswar khasba High School – pond 2 26°23'48.20"N 89°29'46.60"E
13 Near Baneswar khasba High School – pond 3 26°23'48.24"N 89°30'1.97"E
14 Near Baneswar khasba High School – pond 4 26°23'52.25"N 89°30'1.02"E
15 Near Baneswar khasba High School – pond 5 26°23'41.17"N 89°30'2.37"E
16 Near Baneswar khasba High School – pond 6 26°23'42.54"N 89°30'2.89"E
17 Near Baneswar khasba High School – pond 7 26°23'42.54"N 89°30'2.89"E
18 Near Baneswar khasba High School – pond 8 26°23'42.54"N 89°30'2.89"E
19 Near Indian oil pump – pond 1 26°24'14.69"N 89°29'57.38"E
20 Near Indian oil pump – pond 2 26°24'23.03"N 89°29'47.86"E
21 Near Indian oil pump – pond 3 26°24'29.64"N 89°29'56.45"E
22 Near Indian oil pump – pond area 4 26°24'29.64"N 89°29'56.45"E
23 Near Indian oil pump pond 5 26°24'31.37"N 89°29'56.44"E
24 Near Indian oil pump pond 6 26°24'36.03"N 89°29'57.60"E
25 Near Indian oil pump pond 7 26°24'36.03"N 89°29'57.60"E
26 Near Indian oil pump pond 8 26°24'36.03"N 89°29'57.60"E
27 Near Indian oil pump pond 9 26°24'36.03"N 89°29'57.60"E
28 Near Indian oil pump pond 10 26°24'36.03"N 89°29'57.60"E
29 Kuthipara pond 1 26°24'14.69"N 89°29'57.38"E
30 Kuthipara pond 2 26°24'14.69"N 89°29'57.38"E
31 Kuthipara pond 3 26°24'14.69"N 89°29'57.38"E
32 Kuthipara pond 4 26°24'14.69"N 89°29'57.38"E
33 Kuthipara pond 5 26°24'14.69"N 89°29'57.38"E
34 Kuthipara pond 6 26°24'14.69"N 89°29'57.38"E
35 Kuthipara pond 7 26°24'10.59"N 89°30'8.26"E
36 Kuthipara pond 8 26°24'10.59"N 89°30'8.26"E
37 Kuthipara pond 9 26°23'55.52"N 89°30'12.30"E
38 Kuthipara pond 10 26°24'21.51"N 89°29'55.25"E
39 Kuthipara pond 11 26°24'21.51"N 89°29'55.25"E
40 Kuthipara pond 12 26°24'21.51"N 89°29'55.25"E
41 Kuthipara pond 13 26°23'59.54"N 89°30'9.02"E
37Multidimensional Outlook on Environment
ISBN: 978-81-948349-0-8
Sl. Physical Location/ Landmark Geographical location
42 Kuthipara pond 14 26°23'59.54"N 89°30'9.02"E
43 Near boragaripond 1 26°23'59.29"N 89°30'28.41"E
44 Near boragaripond 2 26°23'59.29"N 89°30'28.41"E
45 Near boragaripond 3 26°23'59.29"N 89°30'28.41"E
46 Near boragari pond 4 26°23'59.29"N 89°30'28.41"E
47 Near boragari pond 5 26°23'59.29"N 89°30'28.41"E
48 Near New Baneswar Road pond 1 26°23'59.29"N 89°30'28.41"E
49 Near New Baneswar Road pond 2 26°23'59.29"N 89°30'28.41"E
50 Near New Baneswar Road pond 3 26°23'55.28"N 89°30'7.60"E
51 Near New Baneswar Railway pond 1 26°23'52.44"N 89°30'27.85"E
52 Near New Baneswar Railway pond 2 26°23'47.07"N 89°30'34.42"E
53 Near New Baneswar Railway pond 3 26°23'43.07"N 89°30'31.18"E
54 Near New Baneswar Railway pond 4 26°23'55.51"N 89°30'34.20"E
55 Near Dhani b company pond 1 26°23'27.84"N 89°29'49.82"E
56 Near Dhani b company pond 2 26°23'27.84"N 89°29'49.82"E
57 Near Dhani b company pond 3 26°23'27.84"N 89°29'49.82"E
58 Near Dhani b company pond 4 26°23'22.84"N 89°29'49.06"E
59 Near Dhani b company pond 5 26°23'22.84"N 89°29'49.06"E
60 Near Dhani b company pond 6 26°23'22.84"N 89°29'49.06"E
61 Near Dhani b company pond area 7 26°23'22.84"N 89°29'49.06"E
62 Near Dhani b company pond area 8 26°23'22.84"N 89°29'49.06"E
63 Near Dhani b company pond 9 26°23'22.84"N 89°29'49.06"E
64 Near Dhani b company pond area 10 26°23'22.84"N 89°29'49.06"E
65 Near Dhani b company pond area 11 26°23'20.56"N 89°29'45.08"E
66 Near Dhani b company pond area 12 26°23'20.56"N 89°29'45.08"E
67 Near Dhani b company pond area 13 26°23'20.56"N 89°29'45.08"E
68 Near Dhani b company pond area 14 26°23'20.56"N 89°29'45.08"E
69 Near Dhani b company pond area 15 26°23'26.95"N 89°29'49.27"E
70 Near Dhani b company pond area 16 26°23'29.63"N 89°29'49.46"E
71 Near Dhani b company pond area 17 26°23'29.63"N 89°29'49.46"E
72 Near Dhani b company pond area 18 26°23'29.63"N 89°29'49.46"E
73 Near Baneswatrkhasba High School – pond 9 26°23'42.30"N 89°29'52.53"E
74 Baneswatrkhasba High School – pond 10 26°23'40.19"N 89°29'52.76"E
75 Baneswatrkhasba High School – pond 11 26°23'41.18"N 89°29'52.03"E
76 Near Dhani b company pond area 19 26°23'38.00"N 89°29'50.85"E
77 Near Dhani b company pond area 20 26°23'39.03"N 89°29'50.00"E
78 Near Dhani b company pond area 21 26°23'35.00"N 89°29'51.49"E
79 Near RCLD pond area 1 26°23'41.18"N 89°29'52.03"E
80 Near Baneswar shiva temple pond area 2 26°23'51.32"N 89°29'55.96"E
81 Baneswatrkhasba High School – pond 12 26°23'46.81"N 89°29'46.30"E
82 Near kalibari temple pond 1 26°24'35.03"N 89°30'6.12"E
83 Near kalibari temple pond 2 26°24'38.91"N 89°30'6.12"E
84 Near kalibari temple pond 3 26°24'35.03"N 89°30'6.12"E
85 Near kalibari temple pond 4 26°24'41.24"N 89°30'12.06"E
38You can also read
