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Liste der Veröffentlichungen des Think Tank des EP
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank
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Schlagwortliste "Biokraftstoff"
49 Ergebnisse
Erstellungsdatum : 25-12-2021Climate action in Lithuania: Latest state of play
Art der Veröffentlichung
Briefing
Kalenderdatum
24-06-2021
Verfasser
JENSEN LISELOTTE
Politikbereich
Umwelt
Schlagwortliste
Bericht | Biokraftstoff | energetischer Wirkungsgrad | erneuerbare Energie | EU-Emissionshandelssystem |
Klimaveränderung | Litauen | Sonnenenergie | Treibhausgas | Verringerung der Emissionen von Treibhausgasen |
Windenergie
Zusammenfassung The EU's binding climate and energy legislation for 2030 requires Member States to adopt national energy and climate
plans (NECPs) for the 2021-2030 period. In October 2020, the European Commission published an assessment for
each NECP. Lithuania finalised its NECP in December 2019. Lithuania generates 0.55 % of the EU's total greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions and has reduced emissions at a slower pace than the EU average since 2005. Most economic
sectors showed emissions reductions in the 2005-2019 period, with the exception of transport, agriculture and the
'other emissions' sectors. The transport and agriculture sectors account for 52 % of Lithuania's total emissions. Energy
industry emissions have fallen by 60 % since 2005, while emissions in the 'other emissions' category, which includes
services and buildings grew by 24 %. EU effort-sharing legislation allowed Lithuania to increase its emissions by 15 %
up until 2020. Lithuania stayed well below its 2013-2020 allowances and expects to over-achieve on the 2030 target of
9 % reductions relative to 2005, potentially achieving 21 % reductions. Lithuania's renewable energy share was 25.5 %
in 2019. The country's 2030 target of a 45 % share focuses mainly on wind, solar and biofuels. Energy efficiency
measures centre to a large extent on the building stock and transport sector with support schemes for industry and
households.
Briefing EN
Climate action in Croatia: Latest state of play
Art der Veröffentlichung Briefing
Kalenderdatum 10-06-2021
Verfasser JENSEN LISELOTTE
Politikbereich Umwelt
Schlagwortliste Bericht | Biokraftstoff | energetischer Wirkungsgrad | erneuerbare Energie | EU-Emissionshandelssystem |
Klimaveränderung | Kroatien | Sonnenenergie | Treibhausgas | Verringerung der Emissionen von Treibhausgasen |
Windenergie
Zusammenfassung The EU's binding climate and energy legislation for 2030 requires Member States to adopt national energy and climate
plans (NECPs) for the 2021 to 2030 period. In October 2020, the European Commission published an assessment for
each NECP. Croatia's final NECP is from December 2019. Croatia generates 0.7 % of the EU's total greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions and has reduced emissions at a slower pace than the EU average since 2005. The country's
emissions intensity is significantly higher than the EU average, though it is on a steady downward trend. The transport
sector accounted for over a quarter of Croatia's total emissions in 2019. The Croatian building stock is also responsible
for a significant share of total emissions. Energy industry emissions fell by almost 40 % between 2005 and 2019,
reducing the sector's share of total emissions by six percentage points. The Croatian economy is heavily reliant on
energy imports. Diversifying supply and reducing demand is seen as key to the transition process. Under EU effort-
sharing legislation, Croatia was allowed to increase emissions until 2020 but must reduce these emissions by 7 %
relative to 2005 by 2030. Croatia achieved a 28.5 % share of renewable energy sources in 2019. The country's 2030
target of a 36.4 % share is focused mainly on photovoltaics, wind and biofuels. Measures to boost energy efficiency
centre on building stock renovation and energy efficiency obligation schemes for energy suppliers. This briefing is one
in a series covering all EU Member States.
Briefing EN
What if all technologies were inherently social?
Art der Veröffentlichung
Auf einen Blick
Kalenderdatum 02-03-2018
Verfasser
BOUCHER Philip Nicholas
Politikbereich
Binnenmarkt und Zollunion | Demokratie | Forschungspolitik | Sozialpolitik | Verbraucherschutz | Vorausplanung
Schlagwortliste
Anpassung an den Klimawandel | Automatisierung | Biokraftstoff | dauerhafte Entwicklung | Forschung und
Entwicklung | Medienpluralismus | Redefreiheit | soziale Auswirkungen | technologischer Wandel
Zusammenfassung How technology has shaped society and how future technologies might affect it in the years to come are subjects for
frequent debate. It can be tempting in this context to think of technologies as neutral 'things' that can be used for good
or bad depending on the user's intentions and skills. But what if technologies were social objects that reflected and
reinforced human activities or even political values? In fact, while mechanisms, effects and implications remain open to
debate, experts on the relationship between technology and society broadly agree that technologies are indeed social
in this way. By scripting, restricting and enabling different human behaviours, technologies can influence our lives in
much the same way that policy programmes do. A number of key ideas have emerged from this field over the last five
decades, with various implications for European policy-making.
Auf einen Blick EN
Multimedia What if all technologies were inherently social?
25-12-2021 Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2021 - EP 1Städte: Frontlinie des Klimaschutzes
Art der Veröffentlichung
Briefing
Kalenderdatum
05-10-2017
Verfasser
HALLEUX Vivienne
Politikbereich
Energie | Regionale Entwicklung | Umwelt | Verkehr
Schlagwortliste
Anpassung an den Klimawandel | Biokraftstoff | Energieverbrauch | EU-Emissionszertifikate | EU-Energiepolitik |
internationales Abkommen | Klimaschutzpolitik | Kohäsionsfonds | Megalopolis | Mitgliedstaat der EU | nachhaltige
Mobilität | städtisches Wohnmilieu | Verschmutzung durch das Auto
Zusammenfassung Städte spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Bewältigung der Herausforderungen des Klimawandels und beim Erreichen
der Ziele des Übereinkommens von Paris. In der Europäischen Union (EU), wo annähernd drei Viertel der Bevölkerung
in Stadtgebieten leben, geben viele Städte den Takt vor, indem sie Maßnahmen in drei Bereichen ergreifen, die für die
Erhöhung der Energieeffizienz und die Senkung der Emissionen zentral sind – und zwar Gebäude, Energieversorgung
und Verkehr –, und damit als lebende Laboratorien für klimawandelbedingte Innovationen agieren.
Die EU unterstützt Städte in ihren Anstrengungen, Beratung anzubieten, den Austausch von Erfahrungen und Wissen
zu fördern, die Zusammenarbeit auszubauen und die Klimapolitik zu finanzieren. Klimarelevante Initiativen wurden in
verschiedenen politischen Bereichen umgesetzt, vom Verkehr über die Umwelt bis hin zur Forschung und Entwicklung.
Zu den bekanntesten Initiativen gehört der Konvent der Bürgermeister für Klima und Energie, der gegenwärtig
annähernd 7 600 Unterzeichnerstädte zählt.
Ein unterstützender Rahmen ist entscheidend, wenn Initiativen auf Städteebene über genügend Ressourcen und das
Potenzial verfügen sollen, um einen entscheidenden Wandel herbeizuführen. Der erleichterte Zugang zur Finanzierung
von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen und die Stärkung der Rolle von Städten bei der Steuerung dieser Maßnahmen gehören
zu den wichtigsten Herausforderungen der Zukunft und zu den wichtigsten Forderungen von Städteverbunden. Diese
Forderungen werden nun vom Europäischen Parlament geprüft, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit dem Vorschlag
für eine Regulierung des Governance-Systems der Energieunion. In Vorbereitung befinden sich zudem zwei
Initiativberichte über die Rolle von Städten erstens bei der Umsetzung des Übereinkommens von Paris und zweitens
innerhalb des institutionellen Rahmens der Union.
Briefing DE, EN
EU sustainability criteria for bioenergy
Art der Veröffentlichung
Briefing
Kalenderdatum
29-08-2017
Verfasser
ERBACH Gregor
Politikbereich
Energie | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste
Bioenergie | Biokraftstoff | Biomasse | Bodennutzung | dauerhafte Entwicklung | erneuerbare Energie | EU-Recht |
Forstpolitik | Klimaschutzpolitik | Konferenz UNO | Kontrolle der staatlichen Beihilfen | staatliche Beihilfe |
Wirkungsstudie
Zusammenfassung Bioenergy, which is generally produced from plants such as agricultural crops or trees, comes in various forms. Wood
and other solid biomass are commonly used for heating and electricity generation. Liquid biofuels for transport and
other purposes are mainly made from food and feed crops, but can also be produced from waste and residues.
Bioenergy can also be delivered in the form of gas. Bioenergy is a renewable but finite energy source, and considered
as climate-friendly because the carbon which is emitted during combustion was removed from the atmosphere during
growth of the biomass and will be removed again after some time if new plants are grown. However, its production and
use has environmental impacts and the climate benefits may vary. The existing Renewable Energy Directive sets
mandatory sustainability and greenhouse gas saving criteria for biofuels. For forest biomass, the Commission issued
recommendations, but these are not uniformly implemented in the Member States. In November 2016, the
Commission proposed a revised Renewable Energy Directive which includes mandatory sustainability criteria for both
biofuels and biomass. The European Parliament supports sustainability criteria for bioenergy, and highlighted the
sustainability issues of forest biomass in its June 2016 resolution on renewable energy. Stakeholder reactions to the
Commission proposal have been mixed. While environmental NGOs called for stricter criteria, the bioenergy industries
warned that tighter limits on conventional biofuels hinder the decarbonisation of the transport sector. Farmers and
forest owners expressed concern about additional economic and administrative burden and stressed the principle of
subsidiarity in forest policies.
Briefing EN
Multimedia EU sustainability criteria for bioenergy
Briefing for the ENVI delegation to the Porto Marghera refinery in Venice on 17-18 July 2017
Art der Veröffentlichung
Briefing
Kalenderdatum
14-07-2017
Externe Autor
Anne Siemons, Klaus Hennenberg, Hannes Böttcher
Politikbereich
Energie | Umsetzung und Durchführung von Rechtsvorschriften | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste
Biokraftstoff | Erdölraffination | erneuerbare Energie | Italien | Richtlinie EG | Statistik | Transportpolitik | Treibhausgas |
umweltpolitische Zusammenarbeit | Verringerung der Emissionen von Treibhausgasen
Zusammenfassung The EU has set a target to replace 10% of transport fuel of every EU country by fuels from renewable sources by 2020.
In 2015, 6.7% of final energy used in the EU-28 came from renewable sources. However, efforts will have to increase
in order to meet the 10% renewable energy target in 2020. delegation to the Porto Marghera refinery in Venice on 17-
19 July 2017. An ENVI delegation is to visit the world’s first example of the conversion of a conventional refinery into a
bio-refinery able to transform organic raw materials into high quality biofuels. The ENI's "Green Refinery project" at
Porto Marghera produces green diesel, green naphtha, LPG and potentially jet fuel. It is currently fed by palm oil, but
the plan is also to use biomass.
Briefing EN
25-12-2021 Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2021 - EP 2Use of energy from renewable sources
Art der Veröffentlichung
Briefing
Kalenderdatum
26-06-2017
Verfasser
KONONENKO Vadim
Politikbereich
Energie
Schlagwortliste
Biokraftstoff | Biomasse | Energieeinsparung | Energieverbrauch | erneuerbare Energie | erneuerbare Ressourcen |
EU-Programm | internationales Abkommen | Luftverunreinigung | Produktionsziel | Treibhausgas | umweltpolitische
Zusammenarbeit | Verringerung der Emissionen von Treibhausgasen | Wirkungsstudie
Zusammenfassung Despite its considerable length and a rather large number of options (over 30), the IA report could have delivered a
more coherent, comprehensive, and persuasive analysis. The internal logic of the report and the arrangement of
options is at times hard to understand because the options are linked to challenges rather than to clearly defined
problems and objectives. Furthermore, the absence of preferred options makes it difficult to assess the usefulness of
the impact assessment in informing the political decisions underpinning the legislative proposal. The use of different
models, which are by the Commission's own admittance very difficult to compare, may have led to a certain lack of
coherence in the assessment of the impacts. The proportionality of proposed measures is not always clearly visible
compared with the evidence provided by the models used in the assessment. Overall, given the number of
considerable shortcomings and the fact that the assessment twice received a negative opinion from the RSB, one
might have expected a better argumentation for the Commission's decision to proceed with the proposal.
Briefing EN
Advanced biofuels: Technologies and EU policy
Art der Veröffentlichung
Briefing
Kalenderdatum
08-06-2017
Verfasser
BOURGUIGNON Didier
Politikbereich
Umwelt | Verkehr
Schlagwortliste
Biokraftstoff | dauerhafte Entwicklung | Energieforschung | Energieverbrauch | erneuerbare Energie | EU-Umweltpolitik
| Rahmenprogramm für Forschung und Entwicklung | Treibhausgas | Verringerung der Emissionen von
Treibhausgasen
Zusammenfassung Road transport remains significantly more dependent on fossil fuels than other sectors. In the early 2000s, biofuels
appeared as a way to reduce this dependency and to cut greenhouse gas emissions. However, when greenhouse gas
emission reductions through using conventional biofuels were called into question because of the indirect effects
involved, advanced biofuels emerged as an alternative. Although the advanced biofuels sector has been facing
technological challenges and economic difficulties, global advanced biofuels production has been forecast to double
between 2013 and 2020, with the largest (planned and in operation) production capacity located in Europe. In 2016,
most advanced biofuels production routes were at prototype or demonstration stage, with two being considered ready
for commercialisation. Advanced biofuels may offer a series of opportunities, in particular as regards greenhouse gas
emission savings and energy security, but also pose a series of challenges, in particular as regards sustainability. EU
policy support for biofuels started in 2003, but has since been shifting away from conventional biofuels. Since 2015, it
has explicitly supported advanced biofuels. A legislative proposal on the regulatory framework beyond 2020, put
forward by the European Commission in 2016, seeks to strengthen this support. In addition, funding opportunities are
being provided through various programmes.
Briefing EN
Renewable energy
Art der Veröffentlichung
Kurzdarstellungen zur EU
Kalenderdatum 01-06-2017
Verfasser
KEREBEL Cécile | STOERRING Dagmara
Politikbereich
Energie | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste
Biokraftstoff | Biomasse | Energienetz | Energieversorgung | erneuerbare Energie | Rahmenübereinkommen der
Vereinten Nationen über Klimaänderungen | Sicherung der Versorgung | Verringerung der Emissionen von
Treibhausgasen | Windenergie
Zusammenfassung Renewable sources of energy (wind power, solar power, hydroelectric power, ocean energy, geothermal energy,
biomass and biofuels) are alternatives to fossil fuels that contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, diversifying
energy supply and reducing dependence on unreliable and volatile fossil fuel markets, in particular oil and gas. EU
legislation on the promotion of renewables has evolved significantly in recent years. The future policy framework for
the post-2020 period is under discussion.
Kurzdarstellungen zur BG, ES, ET, EN, FR, HR, IT, LT, MT, NL, PL, RO, SK, FI
EU
25-12-2021 Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2021 - EP 3Förderung erneuerbarer Energien in der EU: EU-Politik und Ansätze der Mitgliedstaaten
Art der Veröffentlichung
Eingehende Analyse
Kalenderdatum07-06-2016
Verfasser
ERBACH Gregor
Politikbereich
Energie | Industrie | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste
Anwendung des EU-Rechts | Biokraftstoff | elektrische Energie | Energieerzeugung | Energienetz | Energiepreis |
Energiespeicherung | erneuerbare Energie | EU-Emissionshandelssystem | Mitgliedstaat der EU | Richtlinie (EU) |
staatliche Beihilfe
Zusammenfassung Der Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energieträger (EE) hat für die Europäische Union Priorität. Eines der Ziele der
Strate¬gie für eine Europäische Energieunion ist, dass die EU weltweit die Führungsrolle bei den erneuerbaren
Energien übernimmt.
In der Erneuerbare-Energien-Richtlinie werden nationale Ziele für alle Mitgliedstaaten vorgegeben, und diese kön¬nen
frei entscheiden, wie sie EE im Rahmen der Regeln des EU-Energiemarkts fördern wollen. Die Kommission plant für
das Jahr 2016, die Erneuerbare-Energien-Richtlinie und andere Rechtsvorschriften mit Bezug zu EE zu überar¬beiten.
Erneuerbare Energien haben einen wachsen¬den Anteil am Energieverbrauch in der EU. Die Investitionen in EE sind
jedoch in den letzten Jahren infol¬ge von regulato¬rischen Änderungen, einer sich abschwä¬chen¬den Kon¬junktur
und sinkenden Technologiekosten zurückge¬gan¬gen. Der Ausbau der EE ist mit einer Reihe wissenschaft¬licher und
technischer Herausforderungen verbunden, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Integration der EE in die Stromnetze und
die Nachhaltigkeit von Bio¬brennstoffen, und erfordert ein Marktdesign, durch das Investitionen angekurbelt und
gleichzeitig die Kosten un¬ter Kontrolle gehalten werden. Das Europäische Parlament unterstützt den Ausbau der EE
in der EU und hat ehrgeizi¬gere Ziele gefordert. Der Ausschuss für Industrie, For¬schung und Energie des Parlaments
arbeitet derzeit an Initiativ¬be-richten über das Energiemarktdesign und am Fortschritts¬bericht über erneuerbare
Energien.
Eingehende Analyse DE, EN, FR
Land Grabbing and Human Rights: The Involvement of European Corporate and Financial Entities in
Land Grabbing outside the European Union
Art der Veröffentlichung Studie
Kalenderdatum 10-05-2016
Externe Autor Saturnino M. BORRAS Jr. (International Institute of Social Studies, Netherlands), Philip SEUFERT (FIAN International,
Germany), Stephan BACKES (FIAN International, Belgium), Daniel FYFE (FIAN International, Switzerland), Roman
HERRE (FIAN Germany, Germany), Laura MICHELE (FIAN International, Germany) and Elyse MILLS (International
Institute of Social Studies, Netherlands)
Politikbereich Entwicklung und humanitäre Hilfe | Menschenrechte
Schlagwortliste Auslandsinvestition | Biokraftstoff | Bodenmobilität | Entwicklungspolitik | extraterritoriale Gerichtsbarkeit | gemeinsame
Handelspolitik | internationale Rolle der Union | Menschenrechte | Selbstkontrolle auf freiwilliger Basis | soziale Rechte
| soziale Verantwortung von Unternehmen | Unabhängigkeit in der Nahrungsmittelversorgung | Unternehmensethik
Zusammenfassung In early research on land grabbing, the initial focus was on foreign companies investing abroad, with a particular focus
on those based in countries such as China, Gulf States, South Korea, and India. In recent years, it has become evident
that the range of countries land investors originate in is far broader, and includes both North Atlantic - and EU-based
actors. In this study, we offer both quantitative and qualitative data illustrating the involvement of EU-based corporate
and financial entities in land deals occurring outside of the EU. This study also analyses the global land rush within a
human rights framework, examining the implications of particular land deals involving EU-based investors and their
impact on communities living in areas where the investments are taking place. The research presented here builds
partly on Cotula’s 2014 study on the drivers and human rights implications of land grabbing, but differs in that it
focuses explicitly on particular cases of possible, actual or potential human rights abuses and violations, in the context
of activities involving European corporate and financial entities. In our conclusions, we offer a series of
recommendations on how the EU can more effectively address these issues.
Studie EN, FR
Anlage 1 EN, FR
What if injections weren't needed anymore?
Art der Veröffentlichung
Auf einen Blick
Kalenderdatum 26-11-2015
Verfasser
KRITIKOS Michail | VAN WOENSEL Lieve
Politikbereich
Forschungspolitik | Vorausplanung
Schlagwortliste
Bioethik | Biokraftstoff | Biologie | biologischer Werkstoff | Biotechnologie | geistiges Eigentum | Kontrollbefugnis | neue
Technologie | Technologie mit doppeltem Verwendungszweck | technologische Zukunftsforschung | Therapeutik |
Vorbeugung von Umweltrisiken
Zusammenfassung Synthetic biology is expected to design, construct and develop artificial (i.e. man-made) biological systems that mimic
or even go beyond naturally-occurring biological systems. What are the benefits of this emerging field? Are there any
ethical and social issues arising from this engineering approach to biology?
Auf einen Blick EN
25-12-2021 Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2021 - EP 4Reducing CO2 emissions from transport
Art der Veröffentlichung
Briefing
Kalenderdatum
19-10-2015
Verfasser
PAPE Marketa
Politikbereich
Energie | Umwelt | Verkehr
Schlagwortliste
Auswirkung auf die Umwelt | Beförderung auf dem Seeweg | Binnenschiffsverkehr | Biokraftstoff | gemeinsame
Transportpolitik | Kraftstoff | Luftverkehr | Schienentransport | Straßenverkehr | Treibhausgas | Verringerung der
Emissionen von Treibhausgasen | Verschmutzung durch das Auto
Zusammenfassung International efforts to keep global warming below 2˚C and avoid catastrophic climate change require systematic cuts
of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in all areas of human activity.
Transport currently accounts for about a quarter of EU GHG emissions, making it the second highest emitting sector
after the energy industries.
While in other sectors, GHG emissions have been decreasing, in the transport domain they have risen by as much as
30% over the past 25 years. Tackling growing emissions has become a matter of urgency. EU measures to cut
emissions from transport focus mostly on carbon dioxide (CO2) as the main GHG. While at international level the EU
strives for a global approach and adoption of binding targets by the relevant regulatory organisations, it has also set its
own internal targets and put policies in place to reduce GHG emissions from individual transport modes. These include
an emissions trading system, binding standards for new engines, rules for fuel quality and promotion of alternative
fuels.
Worldwide, the imperative to reduce emissions has led many countries and cities to adopt their own legislation or put
concrete measures in place, some of which are being shared, adapted and replicated.
The European Parliament continues to play an active role in promoting low-carbon transport and supporting ambitious
climate policies. An EP delegation will take part in the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP 21) to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Paris, starting on 30 November 2015.
Briefing EN
Renewable energy: Implementation Appraisal
Art der Veröffentlichung
Briefing
Kalenderdatum
17-09-2015
Verfasser
MALMERSJO Gertrud
Politikbereich
Energie | Umsetzung und Durchführung von Rechtsvorschriften | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste
Anwendung des EU-Rechts | Biokraftstoff | energetischer Wirkungsgrad | Energiepreis | Energiezusammenarbeit |
erneuerbare Energie | Klimaschutzpolitik | Richtlinie EG
Zusammenfassung There has been a renewed focus on energy, and on better energy integration, that is reflected in the Commission’s
work programme which lists ‘a resilient Energy Union with a forward-looking climate change policy’, as one of its top
ten priorities. The Commission issued a Communication, on 25 February 2015, on ‘A Framework Strategy for a
Resilient Energy Union with a Forward-Looking Climate Change Policy’ (COM(2015)80). The roadmap included in the
Communication contained a commitment to review the Renewable Energy Package. In particular, a new Renewable
Energy Directive for 2030 should be tabled between 2015 and 2017. In the same period, best practices in renewable
energy self-consumption and support schemes, bioenergy sustainability policy should be reviewed. This briefing
primarily focuses on the decarbonisation of the economy through renewable energy. This briefing is one in a series of
'Implementation Appraisals' on the operation of existing EU legislation in practice. Each such briefing focuses on a
specific EU law which is likely to be amended or reviewed as set out in the European Commission’s Annual Work
Programme. The Implementation Appraisals aim to provide a succinct overview of material publicly available on the
implementation, application and effectiveness of an EU law to date - drawing on available input from the EU institutions
and external organisations. They are provided to assist parliamentary committees in their consideration of the new
proposals, once tabled.
Briefing EN
Biokraftstoffpolitik und indirekte Landnutzungsänderung
Art der Veröffentlichung
Auf einen Blick
Kalenderdatum 20-04-2015
Verfasser
BOURGUIGNON Didier
Politikbereich
Bewertung von Rechtsvorschriften und politischen Maßnahmen in der Praxis | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste
Anbau von Energiepflanzen | Auswirkung auf die Umwelt | Bioenergie | Biokraftstoff | Bodennutzung | energetischer
Wirkungsgrad | Energieerzeugung | Interinstitutionelle Zusammenarbeit (EU) | Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen |
Straßenverkehr | Verringerung der Emissionen von Treibhausgasen
Zusammenfassung Bislang fördert die EU Biokraftstoffe und sieht darin hauptsächlich eine Möglichkeit, die Treibhausgasemissionen im
Straßenverkehr zu senken. Diese Politik wird jedoch von vielen Seiten kritisiert, auch vom Europäischen Parlament,
weil Emissionen infolge indirekter Landnutzungsänderungen außer Acht gelassen werden. Die Kommission möchte
diese Mängel beheben und hat daher im Oktober 2012 einen Legislativvorschlag vorgelegt. In den Verhandlungen mit
dem Rat über eine Einigung in zweiter Lesung wurde ein Kompromiss erzielt, über den nun im Plenum abgestimmt
werden soll.
Auf einen Blick ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL
25-12-2021 Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2021 - EP 5EU biofuels policy: Dealing with indirect land use change
Art der Veröffentlichung
Briefing
Kalenderdatum
16-02-2015
Verfasser
BOURGUIGNON Didier
Politikbereich
Bewertung von Rechtsvorschriften und politischen Maßnahmen in der Praxis | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste
Auswirkung auf die Umwelt | Biokraftstoff | Bodennutzung | Futtermittel | Nahrungsmittelerzeugung | Treibhausgas |
Verringerung der Emissionen von Treibhausgasen | Verunreinigung durch die Landwirtschaft
Zusammenfassung In 2003, the European Union established a biofuels support policy, primarily with the aim of lowering CO2 emissions in
the transport sector. Critics have accused this policy of inducing indirect land use change (ILUC), which triggers an
increase in global food prices and in food insecurity for the poor, promotes the creation of large land holdings and the
use of available ('marginal') land in developing countries, and not least, boosts carbon emissions. Most research
carried out recently suggests that while concerns regarding food production may have been overstated, those related
to ILUC are not, as ILUC can indeed increase the release of CO2 emissions during biofuel production. The biofuels
industry argues that it sustains many jobs in European rural areas.
In 2012, the European Commission presented a legislative proposal to address some of these concerns while
preserving existing investments. It proposed capping conventional biofuels and promoting advanced biofuels. The
proposal is expected to go through a second reading in Parliament and the Council in early 2015.
Parliament has called for a conventional biofuels cap, a sub-target for advanced biofuels and the consideration of ILUC
factors, while stressing the need for a post-2020 policy.
Advanced biofuels are not yet produced on a large scale in the EU. Although in principle they have advantages over
conventional biofuels, the technologies are not fully mature, investment is lacking and the sustainability of feedstocks
needs to be assessed.
The biofuels and farming sectors advocate the continued production of conventional biofuels as a source of jobs and
economic activity in rural areas and oppose radical changes in policy. Some NGOs are generally opposed to
conventional biofuels and would prefer cautious support measures for advanced biofuels.
This briefing updates an earlier one of January 2015.
Briefing EN
EU biofuels policy: Dealing with indirect land use change
Art der Veröffentlichung
Briefing
Kalenderdatum
20-01-2015
Verfasser
BOURGUIGNON Didier
Politikbereich
Umwelt
Schlagwortliste
Anbau von Energiepflanzen | Auswirkung auf die Umwelt | Biokraftstoff | erneuerbare Energie | Ernährungspolitik |
Ethanol | Futtermittel | Nichtregierungsorganisation | Straßenverkehr | Treibhausgas | Urbarmachung | Verringerung
der Emissionen von Treibhausgasen | Verunreinigung durch die Landwirtschaft
Zusammenfassung In 2003, the European Union established a biofuels support policy, primarily with the aim of lowering CO2 emissions in
the transport sector. Critics have accused this policy of inducing indirect land use change (ILUC), which triggers an
increase in global food prices and in food insecurity for the poor, promotes the creation of large land holdings and the
use of available ('marginal') land in developing countries, and not least, boosts carbon emissions. Most research
carried out recently suggests that while concerns regarding food production may have been overstated, those related
to ILUC are not, as ILUC can indeed increase the release of CO2 emissions during biofuel production. The biofuels
industry argues that it sustains many jobs in European rural areas. In 2012, the European Commission presented a
legislative proposal to address some of these concerns while preserving existing investments. It proposed capping
conventional biofuels and promoting advanced biofuels. The proposal is expected to go through a second reading in
Parliament and the Council in early 2015. Parliament has called for a cap on conventional biofuels, a sub-target for
advanced biofuels and the consideration of ILUC factors, while stressing the need for a post-2020 policy. Advanced
biofuels are not yet produced on a large scale in the EU. Although in principle they have advantages over conventional
biofuels, the technologies are not fully mature, investment is lacking and the sustainability of feedstocks needs to be
assessed. The biofuels and farming sectors advocate the continued production of conventional biofuels as a source of
jobs and economic activity in rural areas and oppose radical changes in policy. Some NGOs are generally opposed to
conventional biofuels and would prefer cautious support measures for advanced biofuels.
Briefing EN
Addressing the Human Rights Impacts of 'Land Grabbing'
Art der Veröffentlichung
Studie
Kalenderdatum
10-12-2014
Externe Autor
COTULA Lorenzo
Politikbereich
Menschenrechte
Schlagwortliste
Biokraftstoff | Bodennutzung | Bodenpolitik | Corporate Governance | dauerhafte Entwicklung | Eigentumserwerb |
Entwicklungshilfe | Entwicklungsland | EU-Beihilfe | Finanzierung der EU | gemeinsame Handelspolitik |
landwirtschaftliches Grundeigentum | Menschenrechte | privates Unternehmen
Zusammenfassung This Study discusses the human rights issues raised by large-scale land deals for plantation agriculture (‘land
grabbing’) in low and middle-income countries. Firstly, the Study takes stock of available data on large land deals, their
features and their driving forces. It finds that ‘land grabbing’ is a serious issue requiring urgent attention. Secondly, the
Study conceptualises the link between land deals and human rights, reviews relevant international human rights law
and discusses evidence on actual and potential human rights impacts. It finds that important human rights dimensions
are at stake, and that compressions of human rights have been documented in some contexts. Thirdly, the Study
identifies the areas of EU policy that are most directly relevant to addressing the human rights impacts of ‘land
grabbing’, and in so doing it also briefly discusses developments in home and host countries as well as internationally.
Fourthly, the Study proposes courses of action by which the EU, and the European Parliament in particular, can further
prevent or remedy human rights violations linked to large-scale land deals.
Studie EN
25-12-2021 Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2021 - EP 6Environment and Climate Change Policies
Art der Veröffentlichung
Studie
Kalenderdatum
14-11-2014
Externe Autor
Vera Freyling, Meghan O'Brien, Philipp Schepelmann, Nicolas Kreibich, Vera Aydin and Christiane Beuermann
Politikbereich
Bewertung von Rechtsvorschriften und politischen Maßnahmen in der Praxis | Energie | Umwelt | Vorausplanung
Schlagwortliste
Abfallwirtschaft | Aktionsprogramm | Biokraftstoff | biologische Vielfalt | dauerhafte Entwicklung | energetischer
Wirkungsgrad | EU-Umweltpolitik | Klimaschutzpolitik | Umweltrecht | Umweltschutz | Urbanisierung
Zusammenfassung This study reviews the state of play of on-going EU environmental legislation and pinpoints key issues for Europe in
the area of environmental and climate policies for the next five years. In addition to traditional themes that require
urgent actions (biodiversity, air and water, chemicals), special attention is paid to emerging cross-cutting issues
(circular economy, sustainability of cities, eco-innovation). EU efforts in addressing climate change are reviewed,
highlighting specific implementation challenges and their relevance for international climate policy. This document was
provided by Policy Department A in view of the Hearings of Commissioner-Designates of the Environment, Public
Health and Food Safety Committee (ENVI).
Studie EN
Interactions between Climate Change & Agriculture and Biodiversity & Agriculture (Part of the Project
'Technology Options for Feeding 10 Billion People')
Art der Veröffentlichung Studie
Kalenderdatum 15-07-2013
Externe Autor E. Underwood, J. Poláková, B. Kretschmer, A. J. McConville and G. M. Tucker (IEEP) ;
E. Dooley, A. Frelih-Larsen and S. Naumann (Ecologic Institute) ;
S. Berman, M. Sarteel and C. Tostivint (BIO Intelligence Service) ;
N. M. van der Grijp (Institute for Environmental Studies - IVM ; VU University) ; N. Maxted (School of Biosciences,
University of Birmingham)
Politikbereich Forschungspolitik | Landwirtschaft und Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste Biokraftstoff | biologische Vielfalt | Bodenverseuchung | globale Erwärmung | landwirtschaftlicher Ertrag | Missernte |
nachhaltige Landwirtschaft | Pestizid | transgene Pflanze | Treibhausgas
Zusammenfassung There will be rising global demand for food and energy from the land over the coming decades resulting from
population growth and economic development. This will coincide with the need to adapt agriculture to increasing
climate-related threats (which will probably outweigh opportunities in Europe), whilst decreasing the impact of
agricultural emissions on climate change. At the same time, biodiversity losses due to intensive agricultural practices
and abandonment of biodiversity-rich farming are expected to continue. The long-term sustainability of farming is being
undermined by trends such as soil degradation, declines in pollinators, the loss of natural biological control of pests
and diseases, and the loss of plant and animal genetic diversity. Substantial changes in agricultural systems are
required in Europe to ensure rapid reductions in agricultural emissions of greenhouse gases, as well as effective
adaptation to climate change and strengthened biodiversity conservation. This report describes a range of practices
and developments in agriculture that could sustainably increase agricultural productivity whilst contributing to climate
change mitigation and adaptation, and providing biodiversity benefits. Policy could play a larger role in supporting
innovation and development in the full range of agricultural systems in Europe and in the use of certain wastes and
residues for energy purposes. The report provides a set of recommended options for incentivising beneficial actions,
constraining unsustainable practices, and promoting innovative options whilst ensuring environmental safeguards for
new technologies that might have unwanted negative impacts on biodiversity.
Studie EN
Zusammenfassung EN, FR
Anlage 1 EN
Anlage 2 EN
Indirekte Landnutzungsänderungen im Zusammenhang mit Biokraftstoffen und flüssigen Biobrennstoffen:
erste Bewertung der Folgenabschätzung der Europäischen Kommission
Art der Veröffentlichung
Briefing
Kalenderdatum
15-03-2013
Verfasser
MANIAKI-GRIVA Alexia
Politikbereich
Energie | Ex-ante-Folgenabschätzung | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste
Anbau von Energiepflanzen | Biokraftstoff | Bodennutzung | Verringerung der Emissionen von Treibhausgasen |
Verwendung des Bodens | Vorschlag (EU) | Wirkungsstudie
Zusammenfassung Dieses Themenpapier enthält eine erste Analyse der Stärken und Schwachstellen der Folgenabschätzung der
Europäischen Kommission als Begleitunterlage zum Vorschlag für eine Richtlinie des Europäischen Parlaments und
des Rates zur Änderung der Richtlinie 98/70/EG über die Qualität von Otto- und Dieselkraftstoffen und zur Änderung
der Richtlinie 2009/28/EG zur Förderung der Nutzung von Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen.
Es versucht nicht, sich mit dem Inhalt des Vorschlags zu befassen und wird zur Bereitstellung allgemeiner
Informationen und von Hintergrundinformation erstellt, um die jeweiligen Parlamentsausschüsse und Abgeordneten
umfassender bei ihrer Arbeit zu unterstützen.
Briefing DE, EN, FR
25-12-2021 Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2021 - EP 7Proceedings of the Workshop "Sustainable Biofuels: Addressing Indirect Land Use Change"
Art der Veröffentlichung Studie
Kalenderdatum 15-02-2013
Externe Autor ICEDD (Institut de Conseil et d'Etudes en Développement Durable)
Maria José LOPEZ, Yves MARENNE, Marco ORSINI
Politikbereich Energie | Landwirtschaft und Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste Anbau von Energiepflanzen | Auswirkung auf die Umwelt | Biokraftstoff | Bodennutzung | nachhaltige Landwirtschaft |
Nahrungsmittelpreis | Verringerung der Emissionen von Treibhausgasen | Verwendung des Bodens
Zusammenfassung Further to the publication of a new legislative proposal addressing the emissions from indirect land-use change (ILUC)
and amending the Directives on Fuel Quality (Directive 98/70/EC) and Renewable Energy (Directive 2009/28/EC) by
the European Commission in October 2012, the Coordinators of the ENVI Committee requested the organisation of a
workshop on this issue. The workshop consisted of an exchange of views with representatives of EU institutions,
research institutes, biofuels industry, NGOs and other stakeholders. The first part was aimed at presenting the
European Commission's proposal and providing scientific input on the assessment of the impacts of ILUC. The second
part introduced policy options on the table and future perspectives from the point of view of industry and NGOs. The
workshop was co-chaired by MEPs Corinne Lepage (ENVI rapporteur) and Alejo Vidal-Quadras (ITRE rapporteur). EU
Climate Commissioner Connie Hedegaard held the keynote speech. This report summarises the presentations,
discussions and conclusions.
Studie EN
Research on: biofuels
Art der Veröffentlichung
Eingehende Analyse
Kalenderdatum15-01-2013
Verfasser
RAGONNAUD Guillaume
Politikbereich
Forschungspolitik | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste
Auswirkung auf die Umwelt | Biokraftstoff | Bodennutzung | dauerhafte Entwicklung | Energieforschung |
Entwicklungsland | internationaler Handel | Nahrungsmittelpreis | Sicherung der Versorgung | Verringerung der
Emissionen von Treibhausgasen
Zusammenfassung In the past decade, the demand for biofuels has steadily increased, at a global level and in the EU. The main biofuels
currently on the market are “first-generation biofuels”, i.e. derived from agricultural feedstocks. The most widely used
biofuels are by far biodiesel and bioethanol. Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils (such as rapeseed, sunflower
seed and soybean oils) or animal fats. Bioethanol is obtained through the fermentation of sugars into alcohol, using for
example sugar beet, maize or wheat. The so-called “second-generation biofuels” (i.e. originating from the processing
of ligno-cellulosic feedstock such as straw and forest residues) are not yet well developed.
Eingehende Analyse EN
Future Policy Options for EU Beet Production : Quotas - Yes or No ?
Art der Veröffentlichung
Studie
Kalenderdatum
14-09-2012
Externe Autor
A.B. SMIT and J.F.M. HELMING
Politikbereich
Binnenmarkt und Zollunion | Landwirtschaft und Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums
Schlagwortliste
Biokraftstoff | Einfuhr (EU) | garantierter Mindestpreis | landwirtschaftlich genutzte Fläche | landwirtschaftliche
Quotenregelung | Pflanzenbau | Preisrückgang | Produktionsquote | Zucker | Zuckerindustrie | Zuckerrübe
Zusammenfassung Abolishment of EU sugar quotas will lead to lower sugar and sugar beet prices in the EU, leading to lower margins for
farms. At the same time, expansion of sugar beet growing and processing in a quota-free situation can decrease fixed
cost per ha of sugar beet and per kg of sugar, making both sugar beet growing and processing more efficient. Besides,
lower sugar price levels will make Europe a more attractive continent for investments by sugar-based industries.
Studie EN
Impact of EU Bioenergy Policy on Developing Countries
Art der Veröffentlichung Eingehende Analyse
Kalenderdatum 02-03-2012
Externe Autor WUNDER Stephanie, KAPHENGST Timo, TIMEUS Krista and BERZINS Kristine (ECOLOGIC INSTITUTE,
GERMANY)
Politikbereich Energie | Entwicklung und humanitäre Hilfe | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste Bioenergie | Biokraftstoff | Biomasse | dauerhafte Entwicklung | Entwicklungsland | Holzabfall | Lateinamerika |
nachhaltige Forstwirtschaft | Westafrika | Zentralafrika
Zusammenfassung Against the background of the renewable energy targets of the European Union, the EUs interest in biomass has
considerably increased in recent years, not only for energy crops grown on arable land but also for woody biomass.
This brief analyses some of the main impact dimensions with regard to land access, energy and food security and
environmental impacts in developing countries. The developing countries most likely to export woody biomass to feed
Europe’s demand are west and central African countries as well as Latin American countries. While clear links
between the increasing EU demand for wood for energy generation and impacts in developing countries, both negative
and positive, need to be drawn on a project level, the additional demand for biomass worldwide will have macro
effects. The rising demand for woody biomass energy is likely to raise the global price for wood, thus adding pressure
on forests and other ecosystems and driving land use conflicts. More specific risks include deforestation when natural
forests are replaced by monoculture plantations and long term impacts on local food and energy security. This brief
concludes with potential approaches to tackle these impacts including biomass sustainability criteria, increased efforts
towards resource efficiency and support for developing countries to build up good governance mechanisms.
Eingehende Analyse EN
25-12-2021 Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2021 - EP 8Proceedings of the Workshop on "Biofuels and Indirect Land Use Change"
Art der Veröffentlichung Studie
Kalenderdatum 15-02-2012
Externe Autor Uwe R. Fritsche (Öko-Institut), Hans Van Steen (DG Energy, European Commission), Jan-Erik Petersen (EEA), Luisa
Marelli (EC DG JRC), Kjell Andersson (AEBIOM), Göran Berndes (Chalmers University & IEA Bioenergy Task 43) and
Nuša Urbancic (T&E)
Politikbereich Energie | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste Auswirkung auf die Umwelt | Biokraftstoff | biologische Vielfalt | Bodennutzung | Energieverbrauch | landwirtschaftliche
Erzeugung | Treibhausgas | Ökosystem
Zusammenfassung Expecting the release of the European Commission’s impact assessment on "indirect land use change (ILUC) related
to biofuels and bioliquids on greenhouse gas emissions and addressing ways to minimize it", the Coordinators of the
ENVI Committee requested the organisation of a workshop on this issue. The workshop consisted of different
presentations and an exchange of views with Members and established experts in the area of the biofuels and ILUC.
This report summarises the presentation, discussions and conclusions.
Studie EN
EU transport in numbers
Art der Veröffentlichung
Briefing
Kalenderdatum
13-12-2011
Verfasser
SABBATI Giulio
Politikbereich
Verkehr
Schlagwortliste
Beförderungsnetz | Biokraftstoff | Güterverkehr | Luftverunreinigung | Personenverkehr | Statistik der EU |
transeuropäisches Netz | Treibhausgas | Verkehrsstatistik | Verkehrsunfall | Verschmutzung durch das Auto
Zusammenfassung The definition of the transport sector varies between different statistical sources. According to one definition (NACE)
the transport industry directly employs more than 10 million people - accounting for 4.5% of total employment (source:
DG MOVE). It also accounts for 4.6% of the Union’s GDP.
Data on transport covers the following six modes: road, rail, pipeline, inland waterway, sea and air.
According to the International Transport Forum, the industry’s contribution to GDP is around 8%.
Congestion costs Europe about 1% of GDP every year. For example in London 20% of workers spend more than 2
hours per day commuting.
At EU level, in 2009, greenhouse gas emissions from transport accounted for 20% of total emissions (Eurostat data).
Briefing EN
Indirekte Änderung der Flächennutzung und Biotreibstoffe
Art der Veröffentlichung Studie
Kalenderdatum 07-02-2011
Externe Autor Uwe R. Fritsche and Kirsten Wiegmann (Oeko-Institut, Energy & Climate Division, Darmstadt, Germany)
Politikbereich Energie | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste Biokraftstoff | Bodennutzung | erneuerbare Energie | Klimaveränderung | Treibhausgas
Zusammenfassung In dieser Studie werden die Auswirkungen der indirekten Änderung der Flächennutzung (ILUC) auf die durch
Biokraftstoffe bedingten Treibhausgasemissionen anhand der Bewertung des Ausmaßes der indirekten Änderung der
Flächennutzung im Kontext der EU-Biokraftstoffziele erörtert. Zu diesem Zweck werden im Auftrag der Kommission
durchgeführte Studien einer kritischen Prüfung und Analyse unterzogen; ferner beinhaltet die Studie eine kurze
Bewertung des Berichts der Kommission über indirekte Änderungen der Flächennutzung.
Darüber hinaus werden mögliche kumulative Effekte des Biokraftstoffziels und der Nutzung von Biomasse zur
Energieerzeugung auf der Grundlage der Prognosen in den nationalen Aktionsplänen für erneuerbare Energien
bewertet und Schlussfolgerungen zur angemessenen Höhe des ILUC-Faktors gezogen.
Studie EN
Zusammenfassung DE, FR
Production and Use of Biofuels in Developing Countries
Art der Veröffentlichung
Studie
Kalenderdatum
04-05-2009
Externe Autor
Steve Wiggins and Chris Stevens (Overseas Development Institute) ; Ruth Nussbaum and Kate Bottriell (ProForest)
Politikbereich
Energie | Entwicklung und humanitäre Hilfe | Landwirtschaft und Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste
Armut | Biokraftstoff | Entwicklungsland | Klimaveränderung | landwirtschaftliche Arbeitskraft | ländliche Entwicklung |
Nahrungsmittelpreis | neue Technologie | Preissteigerung
Zusammenfassung Executive summary
This brief examines some of the key issues surrounding biofuels and developing countries and makes
recommendations for European Union policy to prevent or limit damage from biofuel development, and to take
advantage of opportunities. [...]
Studie EN
25-12-2021 Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2021 - EP 9"Sustainable Biofuel Production in Tropical and Subtropical Countries.
Art der Veröffentlichung Eingehende Analyse
Kalenderdatum 08-07-2008
Externe Autor Manfredi Caltagirone, Ministry of Environment and
representative of the Global Bioenergy Partnership (GBEP), Italy
Andrew Turay, Addax Bioenergy, Sierra Leone
Helena Paul, EcoNexus, United Kingdom
Kojo Fosu, Regency Resources Limited (Regency), Ghana
Anna Lerner, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische
Zusammenarbeit - GTZ, Mozambique
Politikbereich Energie | Entwicklung und humanitäre Hilfe | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste Afrika | Biokraftstoff | Biomasse | dauerhafte Entwicklung | Energieerzeugung | Entwicklungsland | erneuerbare Energie
| Ghana | Mosambik | Zuckerrohr
Eingehende Analyse EN
Workshop on the Renewable Energy Directive Proposal
Art der Veröffentlichung Studie
Kalenderdatum 25-06-2008
Externe Autor Mr Bart de Hue
Ecofys Netherlands
Dr. Angus Johnston
Faculty of Law in the University of Cambridge
Dr Mario Ragwitz (with contributions from C. Klessmann
Dr. K. Neuhoff and Dr. G. Resch)
Fraunhofer Institute Systems and Innovation Research, Karlsruhe
Prof. Kai Wegrich
Professor for Public Management, Hertie School of Governance, Berlin
Politikbereich Energie | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste Biokraftstoff | dauerhafte Entwicklung | einzelstaatliche Durchführungsmaßnahme | erneuerbare Energie | Richtlinie
(EU) | Treibhausgas | Verwaltungsformalität
Studie EN
Biofuels sustainability criteria. Relevant issues to the proposed directive on the promotion of the use of
energy from renewable sources {COM(2008) 30 final}
Art der Veröffentlichung Studie
Kalenderdatum 16-06-2008
Externe Autor Francis X. Johnson and Mikael Roman with contributions from Roel Hammerschlag, Carrie Lee and Adriaan Tas
(Stockholm Environment Institute)
Politikbereich Energie | Landwirtschaft und Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste Abholzung | Biokraftstoff | Biomasse | Bodennutzung | dauerhafte Entwicklung | Treibhausgas
Zusammenfassung The role envisioned for liquid biofuels for transport has come under increased scrutiny in the past year or two, due to
the potential social and environmental impacts associated with scaling up biofuels production and use from its low
level—currently representing about 1% of transport fuels globally. The proposed EU Directive setting a target of 10%
biofuels in transport sector by 2020 has therefore raised a number of concerns. The concerns about sustainability are
addressed within the proposed Directive through criteria related mainly to GHG emissions, but also to biodiversity and
other environmental impacts.
The use of first generation biofuels in temperate climates is land-intensive and inefficient in technical terms, whereas
first generation biofuels in tropical climates and second generation biofuels in general—offer a much more effective
use of land resources. The use of GHG reduction criteria can provide incentives for producers to rely on the most
productive feedstocks when sourcing biofuels for the EU market, which will often mean import of biofuels. A threshold
of 50% or more would tend to eliminate many of the first generation biofuels produced in temperate climates.
Member States should be encouraged to link financial incentives to the GHG reduction capabilities. Moreover, such
incentives could be better linked to development cooperation in the case of imports, so as to insure that Least
Developed Countries (i.e. in Africa) can gain access to larger markets rather than only the major producers such as
Brazil.
The calculation of GHG emissions associated with biofuels is complicated by the addition of factors associated with
land use change, since the GHG impacts of land use change are beset by uncertainty both in physical terms as well as
in the attribution of particular changes to production of particular biofuels. A further complication is introduced when
indirect land use changes are incorporated, since these occur through combinations of mar
Studie EN
25-12-2021 Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2021 - EP 10Opportunities for Renewable Energy Development in Europe
Art der Veröffentlichung Studie
Kalenderdatum 20-05-2008
Externe Autor Dr. Mario Ragwitz with contributions from Dr. Gustav Resch and
Corinna Klessmann,
Fraunhofer Institute Systems and Innovation Research, Karlsruhe
Dr. Andreas Löschel
Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW)
Mr Francis Johnson
Stockholm Environment Institute
Ms Charlotte Opal
Energy Centre of the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Politikbereich Energie | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste Auswirkung auf die Umwelt | Biokraftstoff | Biomasse | erneuerbare Energie | Treibhausgas
Studie EN
The competition between food crops and non food crops for energy : what are the effects on agricultural
structures and on the use of land ?
Art der Veröffentlichung Studie
Kalenderdatum 15-05-2008
Externe Autor Luigi Vannini, Maurizio Aragrande, Massimo Canali, Gianluca Macchi, Areté Srl, Mauro Bruni, Enrica Gentile,
Francesco Vanni and Alberico Loi (Dipartimento di Economia ed Ingegneria Agrarie - DEIAGRA, Università di Bologna,
Italy)
Politikbereich Energie | Industrie | Landwirtschaft und Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste Agrarstruktur | Anbau von Energiepflanzen | Biokraftstoff | biologische Vielfalt | Bodennutzung | Gemeinsame
Agrarpolitik | Lebensmittelindustrie | Nahrungsmittelerzeugung
Zusammenfassung This study examines the effects of the EU biofuel policy on European agriculture. The requirements in terms of
feedstock and arable land of the EU biofuel targets have been evaluated by assuming scenarios of different price
levels for agricultural commodities and the possibility of the EU biofuel industry to be alternatively supplied by
European crops or through import. The research has also investigated the technical adaptation of agricultural holdings,
the consequences of the prospective CAP changes, and the impact on the EU food industry and on the environment
(land resources, biodiversity, GHG balances, sustainable feedstock production).
Executive summary
The start of the EU biofuel policy in 2003 - with the provision of incorporation targets and fiscal incentives - has
encouraged a remarkable expansion of the European biofuel industry in both the biodiesel and the bioethanol sectors,
and an equally significant growth of production capacity is also expected in the short-medium term. These changes
have involved the main world competitors, which in the past (Brazil) or more recently (US), launched aggressive biofuel
policies. These developments have activated an additional demand for agricultural commodities together with an
increased competition between the food and agro-energy sectors for the use of land resources. However, increasing
demand in the agricultural markets may make feedstock prices rise at levels that might hinder the progress of the
biofuel industry and the fulfilment of the incorporation targets. In addition, the rise in the price of oil is creating cross
effects between oil, biofuel production and the agricultural markets, which are critical for agriculture and food supplies.
The potential impacts of competition between food and non-food uses of land are analysed through a simulation model
by assuming the EU 2010 target of 5.75% incorporation of biofuels as a short-medium term perspective, and the 2020
target of 10% as a long term perspective.
Studie EN
Certification Schemes for Biofuels – Focus on Brazil
Art der Veröffentlichung
Briefing
Kalenderdatum
30-04-2008
Externe Autor
ProForest, United Kingdom
Politikbereich
Energie | Landwirtschaft und Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums | Umwelt
Schlagwortliste
Anbau von Energiepflanzen | Biokraftstoff | Bodennutzung | Brasilien | Energieerzeugung | forstwirtschaftliche
Zertifizierung | nachhaltige Landwirtschaft
Zusammenfassung This note provides some sustainability criteria in order to develop certification schemes of biofuels: e.g. social and
environmental criteria at the production stage; accreditation and certification process requirements; and supply chain
mechanisms (traceability).
Briefing EN
Striving for Biofuels: Impacts on Land Use and Food Security
Art der Veröffentlichung Eingehende Analyse
Kalenderdatum 30-04-2008
Externe Autor Mr. Bas Eickhout,
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (MNP)
Politikbereich Energie | Landwirtschaft und Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums | Lebensmittelsicherheit
Schlagwortliste Anbau von Energiepflanzen | Bioenergie | Biokraftstoff | erneuerbare Energie | Nahrungsmittelerzeugung |
Nahrungsmittelknappheit | Verwendung des Bodens
Zusammenfassung This paper provides a brief overview of the relation of biofuels with land use changes and impacts on food security.
Eingehende Analyse EN
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