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Lista de publicaciones del Think Tank del PE
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank
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144 Resultado(s) encontrado(s)
Fecha de creación : 22-12-2024Revision of the Weights and Dimensions Directive
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 22-10-2024
Autor SOONE Jaan
Ámbito político Transporte
Resumen In July 2023, the Commission tabled a package of three proposals for the greening of freight transport, including one
on the revision of the Weights and Dimensions Directive, which sets limits for heavy goods vehicles in international
road transport. The proposal seeks to promote the use of zero-emission trucks by allowing these to exceed standard
weight limits, while clarifying the rules on the use of heavier and longer vehicles in cross-border transport operations
between countries, where such vehicles are allowed. Additional objectives are to promote intermodal transport, simplify
administrative procedures, and improve enforcement of the rules. In the European Parliament, the file was referred to
the Committee on Transport and Tourism (TRAN). The TRAN committee adopted its report on the proposal on 14
February 2024 and Parliament adopted its first reading position during the March 2024 plenary session. With the new
parliamentary term under way, on 7 October 2024 the TRAN committee voted to start interinstitutional negotiations.
Fourth edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative
procedure.
Briefing EN
Confirmation hearings of the Commissioners-designate: Wopke Hoekstra – Climate, Net Zero and Clean
Growth
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 15-10-2024
Autor JENSEN LISELOTTE
Ámbito político Medio ambiente
Resumen Wopke Hoekstra has served as the Commissioner for Climate Action since October 2023. In this role, he represented
the European Union at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP28) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, in November
2023. Starting in early 2024, Hoekstra, along with the Executive Vice-President in charge of the European Green Deal,
Maroš Šefčovič, has been communicating on behalf of the Commission regarding its 2040 climate target and
managing climate risks. He has also been representing the Commission in clean transition dialogues with industry.
From 2011 to 2017, Hoekstra was a Member of the Dutch Senate representing Christian Democratic Appeal (the
CDA), affiliated to the European People's Party (EPP) group in the European Parliament. In October 2017, he became
the minister of finance, a position he held until 2022, also becoming the leader of the CDA in 2020. From January 2022
he served concurrently as deputy prime minister and minister of foreign affairs. Prior to taking on the role of
Commissioner, he stepped down from both of those positions in July 2023. Born in 1975, Hoekstra studied law at
Leiden University, from which he graduated in 2001. In 2005, he obtained an INSEAD MBA degree. Early in his career
Hoekstra held commercial posts at Shell. In 2006, he joined global consulting company McKinsey, becoming a partner
in 2013. This is one of a set of briefings designed to give an overview of issues of interest relating to the portfolios of
the Commissioners designate. All these briefings can be found at:
https://epthinktank.eu/commissioner_hearings_2024.
Briefing EN
Confirmation hearings of the Commissioners-designate: Apostolos Tzitzikostas – Transport and Tourism
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 15-10-2024
Autor KISS Monika
Ámbito político Transporte
Resumen Apostolos Tzitzikostas has been First Vice-President of the European Committee of the Regions (CoR) since 2022.
Having joined the CoR in 2015, he served as its President from 2020 to 2022. Governor of the Central Macedonia
Region since 2014, Tzitzikostas has been president of the Association of Greek Regions since November 2019. From
2010 to 2014, Tzitzikostas served as the deputy regional governor for the Central Macedonia Region and head of the
Thessaloniki Metropolitan Area. From 2007 to 2009, Tzitzikostas was a member of the Greek Parliament with the Nea
Demokratia Party (EPP). Born in 1978, Tzitzikostas graduated in government and international relations at
Georgetown University, Washington DC, in 2000. He then earned a master's degree in European Public Policy and
Economics from University College London. This is one of a set of briefings designed to give an overview of issues of
interest relating to the portfolios of the Commissioners designate. All these briefings can be found at:
https://epthinktank.eu/commissioner_hearings_2024.
Briefing EN
22-12-2024 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE 1Energy transition
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 24-09-2024
Autor WIDUTO Agnieszka
Ámbito político Energía
Resumen Energy transition is central to the European Union's ambition to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. The EU
greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets - 55 % by 2030 and net-zero by 2050 - have accelerated the move away
from fossil fuels towards cleaner energy sources and increased energy efficiency. The REPowerEU plan and other EU
measures launched in response to the energy crisis meanwhile brought to the fore the importance of ensuring energy
security and energy affordability. Existing EU legislation in support of energy transition includes the recently revised
Renewable Energy Directive, the Energy Efficiency Directive and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive.
These laws set targets for renewables in consumption, energy efficiency and building renovations. The recently
adopted hydrogen and decarbonised gas market package, along with the electricity market reform, also promote the
use of cleaner energy and integration of renewables into the EU energy system. The new political priorities of
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen include a future clean industrial deal boosting investment in
clean energy infrastructure and technologies. The aim is to further decarbonise the economy and bring down energy
prices. In a similar vein, the recent report on EU competitiveness (Draghi Report) highlights the need to reconcile
industrial competitiveness with climate neutrality through increased support for clean technologies. These include for
instance renewables (such as solar and wind), batteries, heat pumps, electrolysers (used for hydrogen production) and
CO2 capture technologies. While the EU has been steadily increasing the rollout of renewables and working towards
decarbonisation, several challenges remain. The energy infrastructure must be adapted to accommodate low-carbon
energy sources through the expansion of grids and energy storage. Dependence on raw materials needed for clean
energy technologies needs to be addressed. The new EU ambitions in terms of boosting industrial competitiveness will
also require massive investment. All this has to happen while ensuring secure energy supply and energy affordability.
Briefing EN
Potential economic impact of European sustainable finance
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 19-09-2024
Autor HEFLICH ALEKSANDRA | SAULNIER JEROME LEON
Ámbito político Valor añadido europeo
Resumen Sustainable finance refers to the process of taking environmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations into
account when making investment decisions in the financial sector. This could lead to investors channelling more
investment into the transition to a climate-neutral, climate-resilient, resource-efficient and fair economy with a high level
of quality governance requirements. Sustainable finance therefore has a key role to play in delivering on the policy
objectives under the European Green Deal. In that respect, the EU has made significant progress in recent years,
notably with the adoption of the sustainable finance action plan in 2018, the renewed strategy for financing the
transition to a sustainable economy in 2021, and with a series of legislative proposals. As a result, the EU is well
placed in this area, with an estimated €6.6 trillion of ESG assets under management in 2024, representing 38 % of
total assets under management in the EU (€17.2 trillion). However, the relationship between sustainability efforts, a
country's economic growth and the impact on business and financial performance remains a matter for debate. Recent
research suggests that countries and businesses can pursue sustainable development without compromising their
economic prosperity, although this is dependent on having the right institutional and regulatory framework in place.
Better cooperation and harmonisation at international level is crucial to avoid unfair competition, greenwashing or an
increase in administrative burdens for businesses.
Briefing EN
Research for PECH Committee - The EU oceans and fisheries policy - Latest developments and future
challenges
Tipo de publicación De un vistazo
Fecha 17-09-2024
Autor externo Rod CAPPELL, Tim HUNTINGTON, Graeme MACFADYEN,Vincent DEFAUX, Benoit CAILLART and Marie-Emilie
GUELE
Ámbito político Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | Pesca
Resumen This study provides an overview of the Common Fisheries Policy and other EU policies in relation to Fisheries,
Aquaculture, the Blue Economy and International Ocean Governance. The current and future challenges facing these
are described. Strengths and weaknesses of EU policy in addressing these challenges are assessed, leading to the
authors making a range of specific policy recommendations.
De un vistazo EN
22-12-2024 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE 2Europe's 2040 climate target and path to climate neutrality by 2050
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 12-09-2024
Autor RAKSTELYTE AUSRA
Ámbito político Evaluación de impacto ex ante | Medio ambiente
Resumen The IA offers a convincing explanation of the need to set a 2040 climate target. It is crucial, for instance, to provide
predictability for the Member States, stakeholders, investors and decision makers, and to step up the current pace of
emissions reductions across all sectors in order to meet the 2030 target. The assessment includes three policy options
for analysis. The theoretical option 1 (O1) corresponds to the linear trajectory under the ECL and is assessed as being
below the baseline. Option 2 (O2) corresponds to the baseline. Only option 3 (O3), which involves a minimum 90 %
reduction in GHG emissions compared to 1990, goes beyond the baseline. This rather limited choice of options raises
concerns about the completeness and realism of the alternatives, not least in light of the significant long-term
challenges and corresponding EU policy ambitions. In line with the requirements of the Better Regulation Guidelines
(BRG), the IA assesses a wide range of economic, environmental and social impacts and includes a comparison of
options based on their effectiveness, efficiency, coherence and proportionality. The IA uses a number of economic
modelling tools to quantify impacts, including the benefits of climate change mitigation, in order to ensure robust
results. It ultimately concludes that O3 – the preferred option – is the most effective one for achieving EU climate
neutrality by 2050. Additionally, it would position the EU as a strong leader in global climate action. When choosing the
preferred option, the IA takes into account, inter alia, the strategic autonomy goals and discusses the evolution of the
energy system, along with the need to decrease the EU's dependency on energy imports. While the IA warns against
new dependencies on raw materials or technology from non-EU countries, it does not specify, for example, which
factors will influence the scale-up of renewable hydrogen in the EU (considered key), or what amounts of this
substance will need to be imported and from which countries. It also avoids discussing the evolution of global demand
for critical raw materials in 2031-2040, and the impact this will have on third countries' labour conditions and local
communities, or other impacts of increased mining. Nor does it examine the wider geopolitical context in this regard.
Overall, the main IA report is comprehensive, self-standing and includes all necessary information further detailed in
the annexes. However, in addition to twice exceeding the recommended length of 40 pages of text (BRG, p. 34), this
complex IA report contains a number of formatting and proof reading errors that hinder its readability and transparency.
Additionally, while the IA consistently references stakeholders' opinions, clearer statements regarding their support of
the initiative would have been beneficial. The proposed target to reduce GHG emissions by 90-95 % compared to 1990
levels by 2040 aligns with the ECL's commitment to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 and with the goals of the Paris
Agreement.
Briefing EN
CO emission performance standards and reporting obligations for new heavy-duty vehicles
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 10-09-2024
Autor ERBACH Gregor
Ámbito político Medio ambiente | Transporte
Resumen Road transport is a major contributor to climate change. CO2 emissions from heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) have grown
steadily and account for over a quarter of road transport CO2 emissions. On 14 February 2023, the European
Commission tabled a legislative proposal to revise Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 setting CO2 emission standards for new
HDVs in the EU. The proposed revision would expand the scope of the regulation to include urban buses, coaches,
trailers and additional types of lorries. The average CO2 emissions of trucks and coaches, compared with 2019 levels,
would have to fall by 45 % from 2030, by 65 % from 2035, and by 90 % from 2040 onwards. The proposal set a target
date when all newly registered urban buses would have to be zero-emission vehicles. The co-legislators reached a
provisional agreement on the proposal in January 2024. The regulation was adopted on 14 May 2024, entered into
force on 26 June 2024, and started applying from 1 July 2024. Fifth edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings
are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.
Briefing EN
Multimedia CO2 emission performance standards and reporting obligations for new heavy-duty vehicles
What if electrification transformed the EU economy?
Tipo de publicación De un vistazo
Fecha 04-09-2024
Autor GUEDES FERREIRA VASCO NUNO
Ámbito político Energía
Resumen Electrification is the process of replacing technologies and systems that rely on fossil fuels with those powered by
electricity, often sourced from renewable energy. Electrification is gaining momentum across many sectors, including
transport, buildings and industry, driven by the EU's climate ambition and security of supply. As the cost of renewable
energy technologies like solar and wind continues to fall, electrification presents an opportunity to reshape the
European economy, enhancing competitiveness and promoting sustainable growth.
De un vistazo EN
Multimedia What if electrification transformed the EU economy? [Science and Technology Podcast]
22-12-2024 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE 3Fit for 55 package
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 25-07-2024
Autor ERBACH Gregor | JENSEN LISELOTTE
Ámbito político Medio ambiente
Resumen The 'fit for 55' package of July and December 2021 was designed to realise the European Climate Law objectives:
climate neutrality by 2050 and a 55 % reduction of net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030, compared with
1990 levels. It consisted of 13 interlinked proposals to revise existing EU climate and energy laws, and six new
legislative proposals. All proposals, except the Energy Taxation Directive, have been adopted by the European
Parliament and the Council of the EU. The package seeks to accelerate emissions reductions in the sectors covered
by the EU emissions trading system (ETS) and those covered by the Effort-sharing Regulation, and to increase carbon
removals in the land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector. This is an update of a briefing first published
in June 2022.
Briefing DE, EN, FR
Recast EU Regulation on Gas and Hydrogen Markets
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 24-07-2024
Autor DULIAN Monika
Ámbito político Energía
Resumen On 15 December 2021, the European Commission adopted a legislative proposal to recast the 2009 EU Gas
Regulation as part of the hydrogen and decarbonised gas markets package. In the European Parliament, the file was
referred to the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), which adopted its report on 9 February 2023. The
report was endorsed at the plenary session of 15 March 2023. The Council adopted its general approach on 28 March
2023. The Parliament and the Council reached a provisional agreement on 8 December 2023. The revised regulation
was published in the Official Journal on 15 July 2024 and entered into force on 4 August 2024. The regulation revises
internal market rules to prepare the gas sector to transition towards low-carbon and renewable gases, creating an EU
legislative framework for the hydrogen market. The newly established European Network of Network Operators for
Hydrogen (ENNOH) will support the development of hydrogen infrastructure. It also enshrines in legislation the
voluntary demand aggregation mechanism for gas, as proposed by Parliament. Fourth edition. The 'EU Legislation in
Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure. The first edition was drafted by Alex
Wilson.
Briefing EN
Horizon Europe support for the European Green Deal
Tipo de publicación Estudio
Fecha 02-07-2024
Ámbito político Industria | Medio ambiente | Política de investigación
Resumen The European Green Deal, aimed at making the EU climate neutral by 2050, outlines a comprehensive approach to
sustainability, requiring profound transformation across all industrial sectors. Horizon Europe, the EU's foremost
research and innovation programme, can be a critical enabler, providing the necessary funding, framework and
innovation pathways to support this transition. Employing a combination of desk research and stakeholder
consultations, this study evaluates Horizon Europe's alignment with the Green Deal, focusing specifically on Horizon's
impact on European industry. The analysis sheds light on Horizon Europe's role in supporting research with a
sustainability focus, and in facilitating industry participation in research projects. It reveals successes and identifies
challenges such as administrative complexities, and the need for mechanisms to provide tailored support for small and
medium-sized enterprises. The report suggests three policy options to strengthen Horizon Europe's support for
industry: enhancing the capabilities of National Contact Points, expanding the 'marketplace' concept for green
technologies, and prioritising selected strategic industrial and technological goals within Horizon Europe.
Estudio EN
EU aquaculture: State of play
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 14-06-2024
Autor ALTMAYER Anne
Ámbito político Pesca
Resumen Aquaculture is an important sector of the EU's blue economy and has the potential to play a more vital role as a
sustainable food supplier under the European Green Deal. However, while fish farming is one of the fastest growing
food production sectors in the world, the EU, with its 1.1 million tonnes of farmed fish produced in 2022, accounts for
less than 1 % of global production. For comparison, Norway's aquaculture output in the same year alone exceeded
that of the EU as a whole. The EU's self-sufficiency rate for fishery and aquaculture products is rather low, making the
EU dependent on imports of these products. Within the EU, aquaculture production is concentrated mainly in four
countries, which for their part are specialised on the farming of particular species. Despite the European Commission's
efforts to promote the development of aquaculture within the EU, the production rate is stagnating. The constraints and
barriers hampering the sector's growth range from high administrative burdens, to limited access to space and water,
to trade-related aspects and governance issues. Over the past 20 years, the European Parliament has recurrently
highlighted the EU's strong dependency on imports of fisheries and aquaculture products, and called for remedies to
strengthen the position of EU fish farmers. Possible future developments could include a change in policy, with a view
to improving the sector's position as a major food supplier, and a change in production towards less cost-intensive and
more sustainable methods.
Briefing EN
22-12-2024 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE 4Critical raw materials act
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 11-06-2024
Autor RAGONNAUD Guillaume
Ámbito político Industria
Resumen The EU's ambition to become a climate-neutral economy by 2050, and its ability to sustain the green and digital
transition and achieve strategic autonomy, all rely heavily on reliable, secure and resilient access to critical raw
materials (CRMs). On 16 March 2023, the Commission put forward a proposal for a regulation on CRMs. It introduced
the concept of strategic raw materials (SRMs), which are key for some strategic technologies and vulnerable to
shortages. The general objective of the proposed regulation was to improve the functioning of the single market by
establishing a framework to ensure the EU's access to a secure and sustainable supply of CRMs. To achieve this, the
regulation would pursue four specific objectives: strengthening the whole SRM value chain; diversifying the EU's
imports of SRMs (so that by 2030, no third country would provide more than 65 % of the EU's annual consumption of
each SRM); improving the EU's ability to monitor and mitigate the CRM supply risk; ensuring the free movement of
CRMs and products containing CRMs placed on the EU market, and ensuring a high level of environmental protection,
by improving their circularity and sustainability. On 13 November 2023, the Parliament and the Council reached a
provisional agreement on the proposal. The regulation was published in the Official Journal on 3 May 2024, and
entered into force on 23 May 2024. Fifth edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages in
the legislative procedure.
Briefing EN
Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
Tipo de publicación De un vistazo
Fecha 17-05-2024
Autor DULIAN Monika
Ámbito político Energía
Resumen The recast Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD) has been designed to accelerate building renovation
rates, reduce energy consumption, and promote the uptake of renewable energy in buildings. These measures should
help the EU reach its target of a net 55 % reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030, as a stepping stone
towards achieving climate neutrality by 2050.
De un vistazo EN
Key new factors likely to shape the EU’s trade agenda in the next five-year term.
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 02-05-2024
Autor externo Petros C. MAVROIDIS & André SAPIR
Ámbito político Comercio internacional
Resumen The landscape in which European Union trade policy operates has changed drastically in recent years. In addition to,
and partly in competition with, its traditional objective of economic wellbeing, EU trade policy has become increasingly
shaped by two other considerations: geopolitics and concerns over the resilience of supply chains, and climate
change.
This briefing note examines the emergence of this new landscape, how it has already affected EU trade policy with
measures to increase European economic security and complement the European Green Deal, how it might affect EU
trade policy in the next five years, and how the new landscape has already impacted and might affect in future the
multilateral trading system. EU policymakers should be cautious about the economic and climate costs associated with
geopolitical-driven policies, particularly in trade.
The note ends with recommendations for EU trade policy, calling for a comprehensive assessment of costs in
economic terms and climate objectives to safeguard living standards and maintain opportunities for international
cooperation in the current context of heightened economic security concerns. Despite evident internal divisions over
the EU's approach to multilateralism, finding a strategic balance between its traditional stance and fostering key trade
partnerships is imperative.
Briefing EN
22-12-2024 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE 5Reducing microplastic pollution from plastic pellet losses
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 19-04-2024
Autor HALLEUX Vivienne
Ámbito político Medio ambiente
Resumen Once dispersed in the environment, microplastic particles under 5 mm in size are extremely difficult to remove and
very persistent. Today, they are present in the air, soil, freshwater, seas, oceans, plants and animals, and in several
components of the human diet. Human exposure to microplastic particles is therefore widespread, raising concerns
about potential health impacts. The EU has committed to addressing microplastic pollution in two action plans –on the
new circular economy and on zero pollution for air, water and soil – both of which are part of the European Green Deal.
On 16 October 2023, the European Commission proposed a regulation to tackle microplastic pollution resulting from
losses of plastic pellets – the industrial raw materials used to make plastic products. These losses are the third largest
source of unintentional microplastic releases into the EU environment. The proposal would apply to all economic
operators handling plastic pellets in the EU in quantities above 5 tonnes per year, as well as to EU and non-EU carriers
transporting plastic pellets within the EU. It would set requirements for best handling practices, mandatory certification
and self-declaration, and provide for the development of a harmonised methodology to estimate losses. Parliament's
Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI), responsible for the file, adopted its legislative
report on 19 March 2024. The text awaits a vote during the second April 2024 plenary session, with a view to
establishing Parliament's position at first reading. First edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at
key stages throughout the legislative procedure.
Briefing EN
The impact of climate change on cultural heritage
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 18-04-2024
Autor PASIKOWSKA-SCHNASS Magdalena
Ámbito político Cultura | Medio ambiente
Resumen Climate change, a global phenomenon, affects every aspect of our lives, including cultural heritage in both its forms –
tangible and intangible. Extreme weather conditions expose these important elements of our cultural identity to serious
threats. These threats must be addressed to protect valuable sites and preserve them for future generations. Research
on climate change is not a novelty, but climate change as it relates to cultural heritage is a relatively new area of
exploration and policy. The impact of climate change on cultural heritage made its way to the Conference of the Parties
to the United Nations Convention on Climate Change in Madrid in 2019 (COP25) and has become increasingly visible
at subsequent COPs. In 2003, the European Commission became the first European Union institution to launch a
research project addressing the intersection of climate change and cultural heritage. Since then, the EU has expanded
the scope and scale of its projects in this policy area. The EU's competence in cultural policy is limited to providing
funds, which it does in the areas of cooperation, networking, exchange of best practices, research and education.
Despite this limitation, EU level policies offer a broad perspective, much needed given the interdisciplinary and global
nature of this issue. The dual challenge of climate change and protection of cultural heritage does not often feature
clearly in European Parliament resolutions or European Commission policy documents. However, policy instruments
are indeed available, and an integrated approach including not only economic, but also social, environmental,
sustainability and identity dimensions of this complex issue is well underway.
Briefing EN
Contaminación por microplásticos por pérdidas de granza de plástico
Tipo de publicación De un vistazo
Fecha 16-04-2024
Autor HALLEUX Vivienne
Ámbito político Medio ambiente
Resumen Durante su período parcial de sesiones de abril II, se espera que el Parlamento adopte su posición en primera lectura
sobre una propuesta destinada a prevenir las pérdidas de granza de plástico para reducir la contaminación por
microplásticos. El Consejo aún no ha definido su posición.
De un vistazo DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PL
Improving EU action to end poverty in developing countries - Cost of non-Europe report
Tipo de publicación Estudio
Fecha 11-04-2024
Autor FERNANDES MEENAKSHI | HEFLICH ALEKSANDRA | NAVARRA Cecilia
Ámbito político Comercio internacional | Desarrollo y ayuda humanitaria | Gobernanza global
Resumen Progress on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals has been insufficient, not least because of shocks
such as the COVID 19 pandemic and recent wars. The cost of this lack of progress is borne by 'least developed
countries' – low-income countries with low indicators of socio-economic development, as defined by the UN. This study
reviews the European Union's role in policies that affect poverty in these contexts. It identifies 12 challenges that could
be addressed to some extent by further EU action on development policy, climate action, trade and global value
chains, and by the EU as an actor in multilateral forums, in line with the policy coherence for development principle.
Estudio EN
22-12-2024 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE 6Normas más estrictas sobre emisiones de CO2 para los vehículos pesados
Tipo de publicación De un vistazo
Fecha 08-04-2024
Autor ERBACH Gregor
Ámbito político Medio ambiente | Transporte
Resumen En febrero de 2023, la Comisión Europea propuso una revisión del Reglamento (UE) 2019/1242 por el que se
establecen normas de comportamiento en materia de emisiones de CO2 para vehículos pesados nuevos en la Unión.
Las modificaciones propuestas ampliarían el ámbito de aplicación del Reglamento para incluir los autobuses urbanos,
los autocares, los remolques y otros tipos de camiones. El objetivo es reducir, de aquí a 2040, las emisiones medias
de CO2 de los vehículos pesados nuevos en un 90 % con respecto a los niveles de 2019. El Consejo adoptó su
posición en octubre de 2023 y el Parlamento en su sesión plenaria de noviembre II de 2023. Tras alcanzar un acuerdo
tripartito en enero de 2024, el Parlamento votará el texto acordado durante su sesión plenaria de abril I de 2024.
De un vistazo DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PL
Marco de certificación de la Unión para las absorciones de carbono
Tipo de publicación De un vistazo
Fecha 08-04-2024
Autor JENSEN LISELOTTE
Ámbito político Medio ambiente
Resumen Alcanzar la neutralidad climática de aquí a 2050 requerirá absorciones de carbono para cubrir las emisiones que
siguen siendo difíciles de reducir y lograr, a partir de 2050, emisiones negativas con arreglo a la Legislación Europea
sobre el Clima. El marco de certificación propuesto tiene por objeto garantizar un marco de gobernanza transparente y
creíble para generar confianza en las absorciones de carbono certificadas por la Unión e incentivar una mayor
implantación. En febrero de 2024, los colegisladores alcanzaron un acuerdo provisional. El Parlamento Europeo tiene
previsto someter a votación el texto final durante su período parcial de sesiones de abril I.
De un vistazo DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PL
Protecting animals during transport
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 08-04-2024
Autor FRIZBERG DIETER
Ámbito político Agricultura y desarrollo rural | Evaluación de impacto ex ante | Medio ambiente | Pesca | Salud pública | Transporte
Resumen The impact assessment (IA) defines the problems, their drivers, the objectives and the options of the initiative in a
robust intervention logic. It is based on several sources, including the 'fitness check' of current EU animal welfare
legislation, an external supporting study and stakeholder feedback. The IA presents a range of policy options;
however, for some options, it does not provide alternatives. The assessment of the options' impacts (economic, social,
environmental, animal welfare) is qualitative and quantitative with a multi-criteria decision analysis and a supply chain
analysis assessing the cumulative impacts of the packages of options. The outcome of the supply chain analysis fed
into modelling impacts on production levels, consumer prices, exports and imports. Territorial impacts could have been
explored in more depth, given the uneven implementation of the current legislation and potential different starting
positions in Member States. Data limitations and uncertainties are addressed transparently throughout the IA. The IA is
transparent about diverging stakeholder views, for instance on exports of live animals and maximum journey times.
Briefing EN
Revision of the Industrial Emissions Directive
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 05-03-2024
Autor HALLEUX Vivienne
Ámbito político Medio ambiente
Resumen Covering some 52 000 large agro-industrial installations EU-wide, the Industrial Emissions Directive is the main EU
instrument regulating industrial pollutant emissions. The proposal for a revision, tabled in April 2022, seeks to bring it
into line with the EU's zero pollution ambition, energy, climate and circular economy policy goals under the European
Green Deal. The main changes include expanding its scope, strengthening permit requirements, and adding measures
to foster innovation. Stakeholders' reactions were mixed: industry and farming representatives expressed concerns
about the proposal's added complexity, timeliness and practical implementation. Non-governmental organisations
criticised the missed opportunity to make the directive fit for climate protection, and the proposed new regime for
intensive livestock rearing. The European Parliament and the Council reached a provisional agreement on the file on
29 November 2023. The agreed text was endorsed by Member State representatives on 15 December 2023 and by
Parliament's Environment Committee on 11 January 2024. It now awaits formal adoption by the co-legislators. The
vote in plenary is scheduled for the March 2024 session. Third edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are
updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.
Briefing DE, EN
22-12-2024 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE 7What if the problem with cars was not their method of propulsion?
Tipo de publicación De un vistazo
Fecha 04-03-2024
Autor GARCIA HIGUERA ANDRES
Ámbito político Comercio internacional | Industria | Medio ambiente | Mercado interior y unión aduanera | Política de investigación |
Transporte
Resumen The European automotive industry is striving to adapt to market changes driven by the dual green and digital transition.
Electrification has become the main strategy for reducing CO2 emissions, especially in urban traffic. At the same time,
the average size and weight of cars have greatly increased. Big electric cars are the trend, but are they really the
solution? Could better planning and optimisation of resources help?
De un vistazo EN
Multimedia What if the problem with cars was not their method of propulsion? [Science and Technology Podcast]
Revisión del Reglamento del ozono
Tipo de publicación De un vistazo
Fecha 10-01-2024
Autor YOUGOVA Dessislava
Ámbito político Medio ambiente
Resumen El Reglamento del ozono es el principal instrumento jurídico por el que se rigen las sustancias que agotan la capa de
ozono (SAO). Aunque sigue considerándose adecuado para su finalidad, es necesario reducir aún más las emisiones
de SAO en consonancia con los objetivos del Pacto Verde Europeo y los objetivos establecidos por la Legislación
Europea sobre el Clima. En abril de 2022, la Comisión Europea presentó una propuesta para modificar ese
Reglamento y el 5 de octubre de 2023 se alcanzó un acuerdo provisional en las negociaciones interinstitucionales. El
Parlamento tiene previsto someter a votación en primera lectura el texto acordado durante el período parcial de
sesiones de enero I.
De un vistazo DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PL
Combating microplastic pollution in the EU: Unintentional releases of plastic pellets
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 10-01-2024
Autor RAKSTELYTE AUSRA
Ámbito político Evaluación de impacto ex ante
Resumen The IA is convincing on the need and conditions being in place to tackle the unintentional releases of plastic pellets as
the main focus of the legislative initiative, although it appears that initially all six main sources of microplastic pollution
were considered. The IA draws on extensive scientific evidence, literature and stakeholder consultations. It defines the
scale of the problem, its drivers, affected stakeholders and how likely the problem is to persist, referring, inter alia, to
global trends and future scenarios. The IA sets the general objective of contributing to the reduction of microplastic-
related pollution by preventing and reducing pellet losses to the environment, thus reducing the adverse consequences
of pellet pollution. It suggests four policy options (POs) to tackle the problem, which, however, do not appear to be full
self-standing alternatives. The IA points to the consultation specifically targeting SMEs and its results showing the
need for the lighter version of requirements, particularly on the obligation for external audit and certification. It
assesses each policy option for their environmental, economic and social impacts, costs and administrative burden,
and transparently lists assumptions, uncertainties and data limitations. However, the IA could have been clearer
regarding reporting costs, which it considers to be accounted for under the REACH restriction, and the supporting
study, and it could have made further efforts to quantify the expected benefits. The IA selects the preferred PO after
comparing POs in terms of benefit to cost and their effectiveness, efficiency, coherence and proportionality. It suggests
a combination of PO1 and PO2b): a mandatory standardised methodology to measure pellet losses combined with the
mandatory requirements to prevent and reduce pellet losses, including lighter requirements for micro- and small
companies. The IA expects that the initiative will contribute up to a quarter of the total 30 % reduction target for
microplastics by 2030.
Briefing EN
COP28 climate change conference: Outcomes
Tipo de publicación De un vistazo
Fecha 13-12-2023
Autor ERBACH Gregor
Ámbito político Medio ambiente
Resumen The 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in Dubai, United
Arab Emirates, ended on 13 December 2023. The conference operationalised the Loss and Damage Fund, which was
established by COP27 in 2022. It also concluded the first global stocktake of climate action under the Paris Agreement
and adopted a decision calling for accelerated short-term action and an orderly transition away from fossil fuels
towards climate-neutral energy systems – the first-ever COP decision to address fossil fuels.
De un vistazo EN
22-12-2024 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE 8European hydrogen bank
Tipo de publicación De un vistazo
Fecha 07-12-2023
Autor SPINACI STEFANO
Ámbito político Energía
Resumen Hydrogen has an important role in helping the EU achieve its target of climate neutrality by 2050. In March 2023, the
Commission announced the European hydrogen bank, to facilitate investment in the hydrogen value chain. This
initiative aims to support production and imports of hydrogen in the EU. In November, the Committee on Industry,
Research and Energy adopted an own-initiative report, suggesting key improvements. The text is due to be voted by
the Parliament during the December plenary session. Once adopted, the Commission will have three months to
respond.
De un vistazo EN
Deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure: Fit for 55 package
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 07-12-2023
Autor SOONE Jaan
Ámbito político Transporte
Resumen On 14 July 2021, the European Commission presented the 'fit for 55' package of proposals to help reduce net
greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55 % by 2030, compared with 1990 levels. The package included a proposal to
revise the 2014 Directive on Alternative Fuels Infrastructure and turn it into a regulation. In the draft regulation, the
Commission proposed binding targets for electric vehicle charging points and hydrogen refuelling points, electric
charging for stationary aircraft at airports and on-shore power supply for ships at ports. Interinstitutional negotiations
started in November 2022 and a provisional agreement was reached on 28 March 2023. Parliament adopted the new
rules in plenary on 11 July. The Council adopted them on 25 July. The final act was signed on 13 September and
published in the Official Journal of the EU on 22 September 2023. Fifth edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress'
briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.
Briefing EN
What if the EU were energy independent?
Tipo de publicación De un vistazo
Fecha 06-12-2023
Autor GUEDES FERREIRA VASCO NUNO
Ámbito político Energía
Resumen The European Union (EU) can aspire to achieve energy independence through the deployment of existing and
emerging technologies. Electrification, renewables and energy storage could reduce the EU's reliance on conventional
fossil fuels. What are the developments, expectations, concerns and societal implications associated with these
technologies? And what initiatives and policies could lead to a resilient EU energy system, through anticipating
impacts?
De un vistazo EN
Multimedia What if the EU were energy independent? [Science and Technology Podcast]
CO2 emissions of new cars and vans
Tipo de publicación De un vistazo
Fecha 04-12-2023
Autor ERBACH Gregor
Ámbito político Medio ambiente
Resumen Road transport is responsible for almost a fifth of the EU's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The revision of the
regulation on CO2 emission limits for new cars and vans under the 'fit for 55' package ensures an increasingly higher
share of clean vehicles on European roads. All new cars registered after 2035 must be zero-emission vehicles. The
new Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR) meanwhile provides for roll out of the necessary recharging
points.
De un vistazo EN
Carbon border adjustment mechanism
Tipo de publicación De un vistazo
Fecha 30-11-2023
Autor MORGADO SIMOES HENRIQUE ANDRE
Ámbito político Medio ambiente
Resumen The carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) puts a price on the carbon emissions of goods imported into the
EU, thus levelling the playing field between EU industry, which is subject to a carbon price in the EU emissions trading
system (EU ETS), and foreign producers in countries that do not have an equivalent system in place.
De un vistazo EN
22-12-2024 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE 9Revised Effort-sharing Regulation
Tipo de publicación De un vistazo
Fecha 30-11-2023
Autor YOUGOVA Dessislava
Ámbito político Medio ambiente
Resumen The revised Effort-sharing Regulation (ESR) establishes more ambitious binding targets for each Member State for
reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in key sectors, and brings the effort-sharing legislation into line with the
upgraded EU-wide emissions reduction target for 2030 to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.
De un vistazo EN
Land use, land-use change and forestry
Tipo de publicación De un vistazo
Fecha 30-11-2023
Autor JENSEN LISELOTTE
Ámbito político Medio ambiente
Resumen The revision of the Land Use, Land-use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) Regulation effectively increases reduction in
overall net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2030 to 57 %, from the 55 % required by the European Climate Law.
This is thanks to an EU target for carbon dioxide removals in the LULUCF sector.
De un vistazo EN
Energy transition in the EU
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 30-11-2023
Autor WIDUTO Agnieszka
Ámbito político Energía
Resumen Energy is central to the European Union's transition towards climate neutrality by 2050, in line with the European
Green Deal. As the biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union (EU), the energy sector is
undergoing a profound transformation on the path to a net-zero economy. The shift to a more sustainable energy
system entails switching from fossil fuels to low-carbon and renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency in
products, industry and buildings, and creating a more sustainable energy system based on clean technologies. The EU
has developed a number of policies to support the energy transition. EU legislation sets targets for renewables in
consumption, energy efficiency and building renovations. It also fosters sustainable transport, energy labelling of
products, and clean technologies. The energy union and climate action governance framework includes long-term
national energy and climate plans prepared by all EU countries to enhance their contribution to EU energy and climate
objectives. According to the European Commission, energy investments in the EU will have to reach €396 billion per
year from 2021 to 2030 and €520-575 billion per year in the subsequent decades until 2050. The EU budget sets a
target of 30 % climate spending, a large part of which includes energy actions such as energy efficiency and
deployment of renewables, energy infrastructure and smart energy systems. The bulk of EU energy spending is
channelled through the Recovery and Resilience Facility, cohesion policy funds, the Modernisation Fund and several
others. Specific instruments also exist to support a socially fair transition, notably the Just Transition Fund and the
Social Climate Fund. While the EU energy transition has advanced despite the recent energy crisis, several challenges
remain. These include technological aspects such as electrification, grid interconnections, storage systems, further roll-
out of renewables and integrating other energy sources such as hydrogen and biomethane. However, the
transformation of the EU energy system also involves taking into account the need to ensure energy security, boost
energy independence and domestic manufacturing of clean technologies, and improve energy affordability.
Briefing EN
Transparency and integrity of environmental, social and governance rating activities
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 28-11-2023
Autor CAPDEVILA PENALVA Josefina
Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Evaluación de impacto ex ante | Gobernanza global
Resumen The impact assessment uses internal and external expertise and evidence collected from targeted consultations. The
problem definition is framed, the IA provides information on the extent of the regulation and the scope of conflicts of
interest, the relationship between ESG rating providers and rated companies. The IA considers three options for one
specific objective and two options for the other specific objective. Assessment and comparison of the options is made
in terms of effectiveness, efficiency (cost-effectiveness) and policy coherence, and the impacts are assessed in
qualitative and quantitative terms. A transition period with specific measures to lighten the costs is envisaged for
SMEs, and benefits are expected in the medium term. In terms of competitiveness, EU providers would have to
compete with unregulated third countries, and while this could affect its competitiveness, this impact is expected to be
minor. The approach that the EU should take as regards a third-country regime could have been explored more in
detail, however.
Briefing EN
22-12-2024 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE 10Revising the Energy Efficiency Directive: 'Fit for 55' package
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 27-11-2023
Autor DULIAN Monika
Ámbito político Energía
Resumen On 14 July 2021, the European Commission adopted the 'fit for 55' package with a view to adapting existing EU
climate and energy legislation to meet the EU objective of a minimum 55 % reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions by 2030, as required under the European Climate Law. The 'fit for 55' package includes a recast of the
Energy Efficiency Directive (EED), aligning its provisions to the -55 % GHG target. The recast EED as proposed by the
Commission required Member States to almost double their annual energy savings obligations, make exemplary
efforts in the public sector, address energy poverty, and take other measures to deliver 9 % more energy savings than
anticipated under existing EU legislation. As part of the REPowerEU plan (May 2022), the Commission proposed a
targeted EED amendment requiring 13 % more energy savings by 2030. The trilogue negotiations concluded on 10
March 2023 with a provisional agreement, setting a reduction target for primary and final energy consumption of 11.7%
at EU level by 2030 compared with energy consumption forecasts made in 2020. The Parliament adopted the revised
directive on 11 July 2023, and then the Council completed its adopyion. The act was signed on 13 September 2023
and published in the Official Journal of the European Union. On 10 October 2023 the revised directive entered into
force. Fifth edition of a briefing, the first two editions of which were drafted by Alex Wilson. The 'EU Legislation in
Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.
Briefing EN
Automotive regions in transition
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 27-11-2023
Autor ALVAREZ Emmanuel
Resumen The European Union (EU) is facing multiple transformations relating to climate change, digitalisation and sustainable
economic growth. The European Green Deal, introduced in 2019, outlines a strategy to achieve sustainability goals,
including net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The 'fit for 55' package seeks to reduce emissions by at least
55 % by 2030. In order to achieve these aims, the EU has adopted regulations to incentivise the uptake of zero-
emission vehicles. In April 2023, emission targets were strengthened again, with a 100 % reduction deadline of 2035.
To achieve a climate-neutral and circular economy, industry mobilisation is crucial. The EU introduced its new
industrial strategy in 2020, promoting innovation, skills, and financing for the transition. In February 2023, the Green
Deal industrial plan was presented to support net-zero technologies. The transition also poses regional development
challenges, affecting companies and workers. To ensure a fair and inclusive transition for everyone, the Just Transition
Fund was established in 2021 with a budget of €17.5 billion. A number of regions, including vulnerable ones, rely on
the automotive sector for jobs. Addressing skills gaps and supporting low-skilled workers is seen as crucial for a just
transition. The European Committee of the Regions has established the Automotive Regions Alliance to promote a fair
transition in the automotive industry and is calling for budgetary and political support for the automotive transition,
emphasising the need for research, reskilling, and social dialogue. It suggests using the Just Transition Mechanism
and involving citizens in the process. The European Parliament is working on a report on how to reshape the EU
structural funds for regions affected by the transition. It recommends a stable cohesion policy post-2027 and a new
policy objective on industrial transition. The report underscores the need for a 'Just Transition Fund 2.0' beyond 2027,
with increased funding. It focuses on fair treatment for SMEs, smooth transition plans, and support for transitioning
sectors, especially in less developed regions. The Committee on Regional Development adopted the report on 24
October 2023, and it is expected to be voted in plenary in December 2023.
Briefing EN
Sustainable maritime fuels - 'Fit for 55' package: the FuelEU Maritime proposal
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 27-11-2023
Autor SOONE Jaan
Ámbito político Energía | Medio ambiente | Transporte
Resumen In July 2021, the European Commission put forward the 'fit for 55' package of legislative proposals, aimed at ensuring
the success of the European Green Deal. The FuelEU Maritime regulation is one of these proposals and, together with
four other proposals, it seeks to steer the EU maritime sector towards decarbonisation. To support the uptake of
sustainable maritime fuels, the Commission proposes to limit the carbon intensity of the energy used on board ships.
Accordingly, the proposal sets a fuel standard for ships and introduces a requirement for the most polluting ship types
to use onshore electricity when at berth. It puts the responsibility for compliance on the shipping company. In the
European Parliament, the Committee on Transport and Tourism (TRAN) led the work on this file. Parliament adopted
its position for interinstitutional negotiations in October 2022. The Council adopted its general approach in July 2022. A
trilogue agreement was reached on 23 March 2023. The final act was signed on 13 September 2023 and was
published in the Official Journal of the EU on 22 September 2023. It entered into force on 12 October 2023. Fifth
edition of a briefing originally drafted by Marketa Pape. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key
stages throughout the legislative procedure.
Briefing EN
Multimedia Sustainable maritime fuels - 'Fit for 55' package: the FuelEU Maritime proposal
22-12-2024 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE 11Climate change considerations in monetary policy implementation
Tipo de publicación Estudio
Fecha 22-11-2023
Autor externo Dirk SCHOENMAKER, Sonja DOBKOWITZ, Pia HÜTTL, Alexander KRIWOLUZKY, Jana WITTICH, Daniel GROS,
Farzaneh SHAMSFAKHR, Joscha BECKMANN, Klaus-Jürgen GERN, Nils JANNSEN, Nils SONNENBERG
Resumen Climate change and monetary policy are becoming increasingly intertwined. The relationship between climate risk and
inflation is non-trivial, presenting the ECB with a number of trade-offs in its monetary policy operations. Lately, the ECB
has stepped up its efforts to embed climate change considerations at the heart of its monetary policy framework, yet
recent inflationary pressures threaten to water down the effectiveness of its actions, including the tilting of its bond
portfolio towards green issuers.
Four papers were prepared by the ECON Committee’s Monetary Expert Panel on the integration of climate change
considerations in the conduct of monetary policy by the ECB.
This document was provided by the Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit at the request of the Committee on
Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) ahead of the Monetary Dialogue with the ECB President on 27 November
2023.
Estudio EN
Cohesion policy and climate change. Actions taken by regional and local authorities
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 21-11-2023
Autor D'AMBROGIO Enrico
Ámbito político Desarrollo regional
Resumen The European Parliament has underlined the need to involve the regional and local levels of government in efforts to
ensure that the adaptation goal of the Paris Agreement – which provides a framework for global action to address
climate change post-2020 – is met. A number of initiatives have been put in place to support regions, cities, and local
authorities in their efforts to align with the EU's transition to climate neutrality. Examples of these initiatives include the
Covenant of Mayors for climate and energy, the 'EU Mission: Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities', and the 'EU Mission:
Adaptation to Climate Change', all promoted by the European Commission. The Commission has also created the EU
Green Capital and the EU Green Leaf Awards. The European Committee of the Regions launched the 'Green Deal
Going Local' initiative and founded the Automotive Regions Alliance. EU cities and regions are taking action towards
decarbonisation in order to make the EU economy more resource-efficient, to innovate on waste management and
recycling, to support citizens for both new construction and renovation, to make transport greener, to increase green
spaces and plant presence in urban areas, and to raise citizens' awareness of the need to do more to fight climate
change. This briefing showcases 20 such projects across the European Union.
Briefing EN
Shades of Green Monetary Policy- Would a green tilt help?
Tipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad
Fecha 15-11-2023
Autor externo Daniel GROS & Farzaneh SHAMSFAKHR
Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancarios
Resumen Any greening of monetary policy is likely to have at best a marginal effect on emissions given the very small spreads
on the yields of green bonds and the cap on emissions inherent in the EU’s emissions trading system.
Trying to limit the supply of capital to brown industries could backfire as these industries are those most in need of
financing for capital-intensive decarbonisation.
These arguments apply both to the tilting of investments under the corporate sector purchase programme (CSPP)
towards green industries/enterprises and to the potential greening of targeted long-term refinancing operations.
Moreover, CSPP holdings will decline rapidly, so this prospective policy instrument will become irrelevant in a few
years.
This document was provided by the Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit at the request of the Committee on
Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) ahead of the Monetary Dialogue with the ECB President on 27 November
2023.
Would a green tilt help
Análisis en profundidad EN
The COP28 climate talks [What Think Tanks are thinking]
Tipo de publicación Briefing
Fecha 15-11-2023
Autor CESLUK-GRAJEWSKI Marcin
Ámbito político Medio ambiente
Resumen Leaders and government officials from across the world will meet for the COP28 climate summit in Dubai, United Arab
Emirates, from 30 November to 12 December, to try to raise ambition in efforts to fight climate change. The summit's
main aim is to take stock of countries’ efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions to a level that keeps dangerous
human-induced climate change in check, to adapt to climate change, and to mobilise climate finance. COP, or the
Conference of Parties, is an annual United Nations summit to address the climate crisis. At COP21 in 2015, all parties
adopted the historic Paris Agreement, the first universal, legally binding global climate agreement that agrees to limit
the global temperature rise to well below 2˚C above pre-industrial levels, with an aspirational goal of a 1.5˚C limit. This
year, the European Union will focus on keeping the 1.5˚C target alive, by pressing to triple global renewable energy
capacity and double energy efficiency by 2030, and to agree on phasing out unabated fossil fuels and ensuring that
fossil fuel consumption peaks well ahead of 2030. This note offers links to recent commentaries, studies and reports
from international think tanks on climate issues published in the past few months.
Briefing EN
22-12-2024 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE 12You can also read
