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List of publications from the EP Think Tank
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank
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Keyword "life expectancy"
17 Result(s)
Creation date : 25-02-2022Japan's ageing society
Publication typeBriefing
Date15-12-2020
AuthorD'AMBROGIO Enrico
Policy areaForeign Affairs
Keyword demographic analysis | depopulation | elderly person | fertility | Japan | life expectancy | older worker | population
ageing | population policy | robotisation
Summary Japan is aging fast. Its 'super-aged' society is the oldest in the world: 28.7 % of the population are 65 or older, with
women forming the majority. The country is also home to a record 80 000 centenarians. By 2036, people aged 65 and
over will represent a third of the population. Since 2011, the Japanese population has also been shrinking: it is a rare
case of large country whose overall population is becoming smaller in prosperous and peaceful times. Japan's
population is expected to drop from 127 million in 2015 to 88 million by 2065. Japan's demographic crisis is the
consequence of the combination of two elements: a high life expectancy and a low fertility rate. In 2018, Japan had the
second highest life expectancy in the world. Meanwhile, since the 1970s the country has failed to raise its fertility rate
to the replacement level. The working culture, a deterioration of employment opportunities for young men and the
traditional gender division of labour are possible explanations for this trend. The consequences of the country's aging
and shrinking population include economic crisis, budgetary challenges, pressure on job markets and depopulation of
rural areas. The silver economy is meanwhile flourishing and Japan is at the forefront of robot development to face a
declining labour force and to take care of its elderly. The government's efforts to address the demographic crisis have
yet to succeed however, and immigration has been limited. Tokyo is engaged in global health cooperation and
succeeded in incorporating the concept of human security in the sustainable development goals. It has also been
active in international cooperation on ageing, with a focus on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
region. The EU's own ageing society is not far behind Japan. It could benefit from learning from Japan's experience,
and cooperating on all aspects relating to demographic challenges, including on 'agetech': technology making
comfortable longevity accessible to all.
Briefing EN
Demographic outlook for the European Union 2020
Publication type
Study
Date
02-03-2020
Author
KISS Monika
Policy area
Social Policy
Keyword demographic analysis | depopulation | eating habits | EU Member State | human nutrition | life expectancy | nutritional
disease | population ageing | population growth | research report
Summary Demography matters. The economy and the labour market, but also social protection, intergenerational fairness and
healthcare, the environment, food and nutrition are all driven by demography. The population of EU countries has
grown substantially – by around a quarter since 1960 – and currently it stands at almost 450 million. The numbers are
now beginning to stagnate however and are expected to decline from around the middle of the century. With the world
population having risen still more substantially and growth continuing, the EU represents a shrinking proportion of the
global population. The EU population is also ageing dramatically, as life expectancy increases and fertility rates fall
below past levels. This has serious implications across a range of areas including the economy, healthcare and
pensions. Free movement within the EU and migration from third countries also play an important role in shaping
demography in individual Member States and regions. The 'in-focus' section of this year's edition of the demographic
outlook examines food and nutrition-related demographic challenges. It shows that, even if improving food quality and
healthier eating habits lead to higher life expectancy, the EU still has to tackle the harmful consequences and prevent
the causes of diet-related chronic conditions, such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This paper is the
third in a series produced by EPRS on the demographic outlook for the European Union.
Study DE, EN, FR
Multimedia Demographic outlook for the European Union 2020
Demographic outlook for the European Union 2020
Demographic outlook for the European Union 2020
Global Trendometer 2019
Publication type Study
Date 18-12-2019
Author KONONENKO Vadim | NOONAN EAMONN | RECHARD Daniele | SALM Christian | SCHMERTZING Leopold |
WINDLE-WEHRLE Jessica Freya
Policy area Area of Freedom, Security and Justice | Democracy | Economics and Monetary Issues | Environment | EU Democracy,
Institutional and Parliamentary Law | Forward Planning | Security and Defence | Social Policy
Keyword auditing | China | democracy | EU study report | European social policy | forward studies | life expectancy | North Africa
| social structure | space policy
Summary The new Global Trendometer examines topics ranging from deliberative democracy and the future of social policy in
Europe, to scenarios for Northern Africa, China's social credit system, the auditing of algorithms and space as a new
frontier.
Study EN
Multimedia Global Trendometer
25-02-2022 Source : © European Union, 2022 - EP 1What if we lived up to 150 years?
Publication type At a Glance
Date 16-12-2019
Author VAN WOENSEL Lieve
Policy area Employment | Environment | Forward Planning | Gender Issues, Equality and Diversity | Human Rights | Industry |
Public Health | Research Policy | Social Policy
Keyword demographic analysis | life expectancy | population ageing
Summary Would you structure your life differently if the average life expectancy was 150 years? How would society reframe its
conception of education and work, and the value placed on older generations? How can we ensure a coinciding
increase in healthy life years? This latest foresight publication explores impacts and policy considerations in a
dramatically aged population.
At a Glance EN
Multimedia What if life expectancy reached 150 years?
Demographic outlook for the European Union 2019
Publication type In-Depth Analysis
Date 03-06-2019
Author EATOCK David
Policy area Social Policy
Keyword demographic analysis | depopulation | EU Member State | EU statistics | Eurostat | fertility | immigration | life
expectancy | pension scheme | population ageing | rural migration
Summary This paper is the second in a series that EPRS is producing on the demographic outlook for the European Union (EU).
Demography matters. The economy, labour market, healthcare, pensions, the environment, intergenerational fairness
and election results – they are all driven by demography. The EU has seen its population grow substantially – by
around a quarter since 1960 – and currently stands at over 500 million people. However, it is now beginning to
stagnate, before its expected decline from around the middle of the century. With the world population having risen still
more substantially and growth continuing, the EU represents a shrinking proportion of this population. The EU
population is also ageing dramatically, as life expectancy increases and fertility rates fall below their levels in the past.
This has serious implications across a range of areas including the economy, healthcare and pensions. Free
movement within the EU and migration from third countries also play an important role in shaping demography in
individual Member States and regions. The 'in-focus' section of this year's edition looks at pensions. It highlights that,
whilst national reforms have largely successfully addressed issues around the sustainability of pension systems,
concerns about the adequacy of pensions, particularly in the future, still remain.
In-Depth Analysis DE, EN, FR
Living in the EU: Demography
Publication type At a Glance
Date 30-04-2019
Author SABBATI Giulio
Policy area Development and Humanitarian Aid | Gender Issues, Equality and Diversity | Social Policy
Keyword care for the elderly | depopulation | employment statistics | fertility | life expectancy | population ageing | population
growth | population statistics
Summary Important effects of the ageing of its population will influence the future of the European Union (EU). The population is
dramatically ageing, driven both by significant increases in life expectancy and by lower fertility rates than in the past.
Population growth is therefore slowing down, along with an increasing old-age dependency ratio. Free movement
within the EU, in particular east-west movement of EU citizens, has increased, reducing the population of some
Member States, while increasing that of others. These changes have serious implications across a range of areas,
including the economy, labour market, healthcare and pensions. Hence, they deserve in-depth analysis.
At a Glance EN
25-02-2022 Source : © European Union, 2022 - EP 2Demographic trends in EU regions
Publication type Briefing
Date 29-01-2019
Author MARGARAS Vasileios
Policy area Regional Development
Keyword demographic analysis | depopulation | EU Member State | EU statistics | Eurostat | fertility | immigration | life
expectancy | population ageing | rural migration
Summary The European Union has seen its population grow substantially – by around a quarter in the five and a half decades
since 1960 – to a current level of over 500 million people. However, this population is now growing too slowly, and is
even expected to decline in the longer term. Issues of demography are likely to have a considerable impact on EU
society. Most models used for analysing population trends suggest that, in the coming years, the EU's population will
continue to age as a result of consistently low levels of fertility and extended longevity. Although migration may play an
important role in the population dynamics within many of the EU Member States, it is unlikely that it can reverse the
ongoing trend of population ageing. Demographic developments have various implications for European regions.
Some of them, especially rural and remote ones, are experiencing a considerable decline in population numbers. This
situation may further exacerbate the economic decline regions are already facing, and thereby widen the gap between
wealthy and poor ones. Therefore, demography also severely affects the social, economic and territorial cohesion of
the EU. On the other hand, the heavy concentration of population in urban centres also creates certain negative
consequences, such as pollution and lack of affordable housing. Recent migration trends have improved the
demographic balance in various EU regions; that said, migration affects EU regions in an uneven manner. The
European structural and investment funds are mainly used for boosting economic growth in European regions, but they
may also serve, in combination with other EU funds, to address issues stemming from demographic challenges. The
EU also uses a number of instruments to address migration-related issues in its territories most affected by the issue.
Briefing ES, EN
Socioeconomic inequality in Russia
Publication type At a Glance
Date 19-04-2018
Author RUSSELL Martin
Policy area Foreign Affairs
Keyword corruption | economic growth | education policy | family benefit | health care | income | life expectancy | Russia | social
inequality | socioeconomic conditions | statistics
Summary Russia has gone from Soviet-era egalitarianism to extremes of wealth and poverty. Economic growth since 2000 has
slightly reduced the gap between rich and poor, but inequality is still higher than in most other developed countries.
The income gap is exacerbated by such factors as corruption and low taxes for the rich, but it is also mitigated by a
relatively inclusive education system.
At a Glance EN
Nigeria: Social situation
Publication type At a Glance
Date 28-01-2016
Author ZAMFIR Ionel
Policy area Foreign Affairs
Keyword access to education | degradation of the environment | denominational education | health care system | infant mortality
| life expectancy | Nigeria | population growth | poverty | social situation | terrorism | unemployment
Summary While Nigeria is Africa's largest nation and its biggest economy, in social indicators it often ranks below the Sub-
Saharan Africa average. Oil wealth has brought only limited social progress, and with population growth set to continue
unabated for many years to come, Nigeria needs to improve social services and labour market access for the young.
At a Glance EN
The European Year for Development: Health
Publication type Briefing
Date 26-03-2015
Author CLAROS GIMENO Eulalia | LERCH Marika
Policy area Development and Humanitarian Aid | Education | Public Health
Keyword development aid | disease prevention | EU aid | health expenditure | infant mortality | infectious disease | life
expectancy | national income | poverty | public health | South Asia | sub-Saharan Africa | sustainable development
Summary Although enjoying the highest possible standard of health is a human right, millions of people suffer from preventable
and curable diseases. The Millennium Development Goals strongly emphasised health, leading to increased
investment in the health sector. Major progress has been made in reducing child and maternal mortality, and in
combatting communicable diseases, but several regions will not meet the health targets. The Ebola outbreak has
drawn attention to the need for international cooperation in health matters. The European Parliament is very conscious
of the lessons learnt from the Ebola crisis. The Sustainable Development Goals are likely to include new health
considerations and to propose universal health coverage. Promoting and supporting equitable access to health care is
a focus of EU development cooperation. EU aid in areas such as nutrition, water and sanitation and climate change
also improves health. Parliament considers health a fundamental right and has called for clear financial thresholds to
ensure that sufficient EU aid goes to health and education.
Briefing EN
25-02-2022 Source : © European Union, 2022 - EP 3Ageing population: projections 2010 - 2060 for the EU27
Publication typeBriefing
Date30-01-2014
AuthorSABBATI Giulio
Policy areaSocial Policy
Keyword care for the elderly | distribution by age | distribution by sex | EU statistics | life expectancy | pension scheme |
population ageing | population forecast | public expenditure | working population
Summary Ageing of the European Union (EU) population has a major impact on society and in terms of economics. A decreasing
birth rate and an increase in life expectancy are expected to transform the shape of the EU’s age pyramid and also
raise the median age.
In the 50 years from 2010 to 2060, the population aged 65 or over as a proportion of the working age population (aged
15-64) will almost double, rising from one older person for every four workers to one for every two. Persons active in
the labour force will face an increasing tax burden and higher social contributions in order to support their elders.
Alternatively, older citizens will need to accept lower levels of support and services or a higher pension age.
This spotlight highlights the major changes projected to take place in the five decades from 2010. It looks at the age
profile of the EU population and shows the expected evolution in life expectancy, median age and labour force in
Member States. Finally it shows the implications of an ageing society on social expenditure on old-age pensions,
healthcare and long-term care.
Briefing EN
Ageing population: projections 2010 - 2060 for the EU27
Publication typeBriefing
Date11-12-2013
AuthorSABBATI Giulio
Policy areaSocial Policy
Keyword care for the elderly | distribution by age | distribution by sex | EU statistics | life expectancy | pension scheme |
population ageing | population forecast | public expenditure | working population
Summary Ageing of the European Union (EU) population has a major impact on society and in terms of economics. A decreasing
birth rate and an increase in life expectancy are expected to transform the shape of the EU’s age pyramid and also
raise the median age.
In the 50 years from 2010 to 2060, the population aged 65 or over as a proportion of the working age population (aged
15-64) will almost double, rising from one older person for every four workers to one for every two. Persons active in
the labour force will face an increasing tax burden and higher social contributions in order to support their elders.
Alternatively, older citizens will need to accept lower levels of support and services or a higher pension age.
This spotlight highlights the major changes projected to take place in the five decades from 2010. It looks at the age
profile of the EU population and shows the expected evolution in life expectancy, median age and labour force in
Member States. Finally it shows the implications of an ageing society on social expenditure on old-age pensions,
healthcare and long-term care.
Briefing EN
How Can Regional and Cohesion Policies Tackle Demographic Challenges?
Publication type Study
Date 16-09-2013
External author Project Direction: Manuela Samek Lodovici (IRS) ,
Operative Coordinator: Monica Patrizio (IRS) ,
IRS, Institute for Social research (Milan): Manuela Samek Lodovici, Claudio Calvaresi, Davide Barbieri, Sandra Naaf
(Thuringia-Germany ), Monica Patrizio, Flavia Pesce (Thuringia-Germany and Basilicata-Italy), Cristina Vasilescu
(Centru-Romania), Giulia Rossi (Basilicata-Italy), Gabriele Solazzi, Maria Letizia Tanturri ,
CSIL, Centre for Industrial Studies (Milan): Silvia Vignetti, Gelsomina Catalano
(Lincolnshire-United Kingdom), Julie Pellegrin, Davide Sartori (Castilla La Mancha-Spain), Emanuela Sirtori (Province
de Liège, Walloon-Belgium, Malta).
PPMI, Public Policy and Management Institute (Vilnius): Brozaitis Haroldas, Krystyna Iglicka (Loer Silesian-Poland),
Lisa Hörnström (Östra Mellansverige-Sweden), Repeckaitė Dovilė Žvalionytė (Lithuania)
Policy area Regional Development | Social Policy
Keyword demographic analysis | EU regional policy | fertility | fund (EU) | life expectancy | migration policy | mountain region |
peripheral region | population ageing
Summary This study provides an overview of regional demographic structures and trends in the EU with the focus on their likely
effects on socio-economic and territorial cohesion and the role of Cohesion Policy in addressing demographic change.
In detail it analyses how and to what extent the 2007-13 European Cohesion Policy and Structural Funds have been
tackling demographic change at the regional level in order to derive useful indications on how Cohesion Policy actions
could be more effective in the future programming period (2014-2020). The study contains a literature and data review
on demographic and spatial trends in the EU regions and the main policy developments; a review of Cohesion Policy
programming documents for 2007-2013; an in-depth field analysis of ten regional case studies and good practices and
finally, a horizontal reading of the main findings to draw conclusions and policy recommendations for the 2014-2020
programming period.
Study DE, EN, FR
Executive summary BG, ES, CS, DA, DE, ET, EL, EN, FR, HR, IT, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, SL, FI, SV
Annex 1 EN
25-02-2022 Source : © European Union, 2022 - EP 4Neurodegenerative diseases in the workplace
Publication typeBriefing
Date03-07-2013
AuthorERBACH Gregor
Policy areaEmployment | Public Health | Social Policy
Keyword disease of the nervous system | equal treatment | health costs | life expectancy | medical research | mental health |
organisation of work | population ageing | population of working age | professional career | retirement conditions |
working conditions
Summary Hundreds of thousands of working-age Europeans suffer from neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) such as Alzheimer's
disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. With an increase in retirement age and in life
expectancy, the number of both NDD patients and carers of working age is expected to increase in the coming
decades.
Briefing EN
Food Safety and Public Health Situation in Cyprus
Publication type Study
Date 16-04-2012
External author Food Safety situation in Cyprus :
S. Keenan and J. Hammond (Campden BRI)
Public Health situation in Cyprus :
Gerard Foley, Catherine Ganzleben, Styliani Kaltsouni and Tony Zamparutti (Milieu Ltd.)
Policy area Food Safety | Public Health
Keyword Cyprus | disease prevention | food inspection | food safety | health care profession | life expectancy | organisation of
health care
Summary This briefing note provides in two separate documents an overview of the Cyprus' situation respectively in the fields of
Food Safety and Public Health.
Study EN
The over 65 year olds in the EU
Publication type Briefing
Date 29-08-2011
Author NEEDHAM Christopher
Policy area Social Policy
Keyword care for the elderly | elderly person | life expectancy | pension scheme | population ageing | social integration
Summary Europe is the continent with the highest proportion of older people. Life expectancy has been rising by 2 years per
decade. A new cross-cutting European Commission programme is aiming for fast development and deployment of
products and services for older people.
Briefing EN
On the European Commission's Green Paper "Healthy Diets and Physical Activities"
Publication type In-Depth Analysis
Date 01-05-2006
External author Professor Berthold Koletzko, Munich, Germany
Policy area Food Safety | Public Health
Keyword child protection | health risk | life expectancy | nutritional disease | socially disadvantaged class | socioeconomic
conditions | Structural Funds
In-Depth Analysis EN
25-02-2022 Source : © European Union, 2022 - EP 5You can also read
