January 2021 The Hindu Analysis 17th - Lukmaan IAS
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The Hindu Analysis 17th
January 2021)
Important articles
For Mains The Hindu For Prelims The Hindu
Page No. Page No.
1. Can courts stay laws made by the 12 1. Migratory birds flock to Punjab 8
legislature? (Polity) wetland (Environment)
2. Museveni wins 6th term, amid 9
allegations of rigged election
(Geography, Mapping)
3. The learned Emperor (History) 4 (Magazine)
4. DGCA nod for Orvakal airport in 6
Kurnool (Geography mapping)
LUKMAAN IAS DAILY THE HINDU NEWSPAPER ANALYSIS (JANUARY 17, 2021)
UPSC Mains GS-II: Polity
Key points:
• Context- The Supreme Court’s recent order staying the implementation of three farm laws, while appointing a four-member committee (one member, Bhupinder Singh Mann, has
recused himself ), to thrash out issues between agitating farmers and the Union government, has been criticised in some quarters.
• The court did not accept the Attorney General’s argument that laws made by the legislature should not be ordinarily stayed, as there is a presumption of constitutionality in favour of the
laws.
How did the SC justify its order on farm laws?
• “This court cannot be said to be completely powerless to grant stay of any executive action under a statutory enactment,” the Bench observed in its order. This means that it was apparently
making a distinction between staying a law and staying its implementation or any action under it.
• The court also cited an order passed by another Bench of the Supreme Court last September on the Maratha reservation issue. It noted that the quota violated the 50% ceiling
mentioned in the Indra Sawhney case (1992), and that the Maharashtra government had not shown any extraordinary situation to justify exceeding the limit.
• Moreover, the Supreme Court observed that a stay on the farm laws’ implementation may assuage the hurt feelings of farmers and encourage them to come to the negotiating table.
What are the court’s powers in regard to staying enacted law?
• Under the broad framework of judicial review under the Constitution, the Supreme Court and High Courts have the power to declare any law unconstitutional, either because it is ultra
vires (or, contrary to any provision of the Constitution) or it violates any of the fundamental rights, or invalid because it is repugnant to a central law on the same subject or has been
enacted without legislative jurisdiction.
• The general argument is that unless there are compelling reasons such as flagrant lack of constitutional validity, or absence of legislative competence (that is, the legislative body concerned
lacks the jurisdiction to enact the law in question), a law ought not to be stayed.
Why is it considered unusual for a court to suspend a law or its operation?
• The main principle is that suspending a law made by the legislature goes against the concept of separation of powers. Courts are expected to defer to the legislature’s wisdom at the
threshold of a legal challenge to the validity of a law. The validity of a law ought to be considered normally only at the time of final adjudication, and not at the initial stage.
• The second principle is that there is a presumption that every law enacted by any legislature is constitutional and valid. The onus is on those challenging it to prove that it is not.
Therefore, courts are circumspect when hearing petitions seeking suspension of a law pending a detailed adjudication.
What precedents are cited against judicial interference at an interim stage?
• Case law suggests that in some cases, High Courts indeed stayed the operation of some laws. However, the Supreme Court took a dim view.
• In 1984, the top court set aside an interim stay granted against the operation of a municipal tax (Siliguri Municipality & Others vs Amalendu Das & Others); in 2013, it removed the stay
on some provisions of and regulations under the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and
Distribution) Act, 2003 (Health for Millions Trust vs Union of India).
LUKMAAN IAS DAILY THE HINDU NEWSPAPER ANALYSIS (JANUARY 17, 2021)
Note:
• India has added 10 more wetlands to sites protected by the Ramsar Convention. (The Hindu
28th January 2020)
• With this, a total of 37 sites in the country have been recognised under the international
treaty.
• Earlier, there were total 26 Ramsar sites in India. Sundarbans was added as 27th Ramsar
site in January 2019.
Which are there new sites?
State Site
Punjab 1. Keshopur-Miani
2. Beas Conservation
Key points: Reserve
• Winter migratory water birds using the 3. Nangal
central Asian flyway have started making
a beeline to Punjab’s Harike wetland, Uttar Pradesh 1. Nawabganj
offering a delight for bird lovers. 2. Parvati Agra
Bird species: 3. Saman
• Eurasian coot, greylag goose, bar-headed 4. Samaspur
goose, gadwall and the northern 5. Sandi
shoveler, Common pochard, spot-billed 6. Sarsai Nawar
duck, little cormorant, pied avocet, great
cormorant, ferruginous pochard, common Maharashtra 1. Nandur
teal, Northern lapwing, Pacific golden (a first site for Madhameshwar
plover, black-bellied tern and cotton Maharashtra)
pygmy goose.
LUKMAAN IAS DAILY THE HINDU NEWSPAPER ANALYSIS (JANUARY 17, 2021)
LUKMAAN IAS DAILY THE HINDU NEWSPAPER ANALYSIS (JANUARY 17, 2021)
About Republic of Uganda:
• It is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa.
• The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, shared with
Kenya and Tanzania.
Key points: • Capital- Kampala
• Uganda’s Electoral Commission said that • Uganda gained independence from the UK on 9 October 1962 with Queen Elizabeth II as
President Yoweri Museveni won a sixth five- head of state and Queen of Uganda. In October 1963, Uganda became a republic but
year term, extending his rule to four decades, maintained its membership in the Commonwealth of Nations.
while top opposition challenger Bobi Wine • Besides Lakes Victoria and Kyoga, there are Lake Albert, Lake Edward, and the smaller Lake
dismissed “cooked-up, fraudulent results” and George.
officials struggled to explain how polling • Swahili, a widely used language throughout the African Great Lakes region, was approved as
results were compiled amid an Internet the country's second official national language in 2005. English was the only official language
blackout. until the constitution was amended in 2005.
• Religion- Christian (Majority), Islam (12%)
LUKMAAN IAS DAILY THE HINDU NEWSPAPER ANALYSIS (JANUARY 17, 2021)
Key points:
About Babur:
• He was founder of Mughal empire in India and ruled for four
years (1526-30 AD).
• He was descendent of Timur (from father’s side) and Changiz
Khan (from mother’s side).
• He defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the first battle of Panipat in
1526 AD.
• He introduced use of gun powder and artillery in India for the
first time.
• He wrote his autobiograpghy ‘Tuzuk-e-Baburi’ in Turki. It was
translated in Persian as ‘Baburnama’ by Abdur Rahim
Khanekhana and in English by British amateur linguist named
Annette Susannah Beveridge.
• Babur’s daughter, Gulbadan Begum, sister of Humayun and
aunt of Akbar, also wrote a lovely memoir in which she
describes her father’s attention to detail which he passed on to
his family.
• These two works, along with Jahangir’s autobiography, are
some of the best material available on the Mughals.
• Babur died in 1530 AD at Agra. His tomb is at Kabul.
LUKMAAN IAS DAILY THE HINDU NEWSPAPER ANALYSIS (JANUARY 17, 2021)
Practice Prelims MCQ
Q. Consider the following statements about Medieval history of India:
1. Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in first battle of Panipat.
2. He introduced use of gun powder in India for the first time.
3. He wrote his autobiography ‘Tuzuk-e-Baburi’ in Persian language.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2
c) 2 and 3
d) 1, 2 and 3
LUKMAAN IAS DAILY THE HINDU NEWSPAPER ANALYSIS (JANUARY 17, 2021)
Key points:
• The Orvakal airport on the outskirts of Kurnool
city in Andhra Pradesh has got the approval of the
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) after
completion of all the mandatory safety inspections
and creation of infrastructure.
LUKMAAN IAS DAILY THE HINDU NEWSPAPER ANALYSIS (JANUARY 17, 2021)
Prelims Pointers
• Breast cancer is the top cause of cancer-related deaths in Indian
women and is the most prevalent type of cancer in women.
• Levant Region:- A large land mass including Israel, Palestine, Lebanon,
Jordan and Syria.
• Trade and cultural ties were going on between the East and the West
in the Bronze Age (3000 BCE)’, that is, 5000 years ago.
• The Indus Valley Civilisation, around 2600 BCE, is well documented
for its urbanisation in the cities of Mohenjo- Daro and Harappa in
what is now in Pakistan, where introduction of written texts,
agriculture, water management, astronomy and philosophy, were
practised.
LUKMAAN IAS DAILY THE HINDU NEWSPAPER ANALYSIS (JANUARY 17, 2021)Thank You LUKMAAN IAS DAILY THE HINDU NEWSPAPER ANALYSIS (JANUARY 17, 2021)
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