I t ' s Our Life! Value Island BIodIVersIty - Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme - IUCN Portal
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Value Isl and Biodiversit y
It’s Our Life!
Secretariat of the Pacific Regional
Environment Programme
1
CONTENTS
Introduction
Introduction David Sheppard, Director SPREP 3
Campaign Launch Kosi Latu, Deputy Director SPREP 5 VALUE ISL AND BIODIVERSIT Y It’s Our Life!
Pacific getting ready to meet new targets 6
Emerald of the Isles 7
David Sheppard, Director, SPREP
T
Rare giant box crab 7 he Pacific islands region swung into action The hive of activity across the region culmi-
with determination to observe 2010 as the nated at the 10th Conference of Parties to
Micronesia’s Go Local 9 the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD
International Year of Biodiversity (IYOB). COP10) in Nagoya, Japan. The region’s COP10
Climate Change and Invasive Species 10 communication strategy, The Pacific Voyage,
highlighted the unique biodiversity of the Pa-
The Biodiversity Bus 11 In 2009 following discussions with participants a flower, was used to convey the over-arch-
cific islands and showcased our PYOB activities
at the Nature Conservation Roundtable held in ing message that we are all intertwined with
Solomon Islands, a draft framework for imple- nature. to the world. The Pacific Voyage also served to
Pacific Ocean for your Children 12 enable the Pacific islands to be heard during
menting the International Year of Biodiversity
The slogan, Value Island Biodiversity – it’s our life, negotiations and discussions as one voice. And
Island Wear Biodiversity and Fashion 13 (IYOB) in the Pacific was circulated regionally
resounded well with many of SPREP’s Pacific we were successful! Issues of importance to
for comment and input. Member countries and
island members and was used extensively in the region – invasive species, climate change,
Polynesia, Micronesia Challenged 18 territories then endorsed the framework at the
correspondence and other publications, and coastal and marine biodiversity and financing
20th SPREP Meeting held in Apia in 2009 and
on stickers and posters. We were proud to see – were placed firmly on the negotiating table
© Stuart Chape
Development and Poverty Alleviation 19 committed to taking action to observe a Pacif-
that some of our members chose to develop and included in the final agreement.
ic focused IYOB during 2010–2011. In February
their own national logos which were used
CBD COP10 21 2010 the Pacific islands region swung into ac- This magazine showcases some of the high-
to gain ownership and promote biodiversity
tion to celebrate the Pacific Year of Biodiversity lights of the Pacific Year of Biodiversity and
conservation across communities.
(PYOB). honours the conservation practitioners, scien-
Pacific Marine Biodiversity Report 22 The PYOB also sought to highlight links be-
A significant aspect of the PYOB was the number tists, donors, government officials, educators,
tween aspects of biodiversity conservation and journalists and Pacific island communities who
Mangroves in the Pacific 22 of partnerships formed through goodwill com-
climate change resilience and adaptation that
mitments. Non-governmental organizations, continue to appreciate, respect and value our is-
were produced by the Secretariat, building on land biodiversity as an integral part of our lives.
2010 Vision Pasifika Media Award 23 the SPREP Secretariat, government agencies
the region’s efforts during the 2009 Year of Cli-
and local communities found ways of working Value Island Biodiversity – It’s
mate Change. Several countries also chose to
Making Conservation Fun 24 together for a common purpose.
look at messages of food and nutrition, health our life!
The Pacific nature-inspired logo, featuring dif- and well-being in the context of biodiversity
Saving a Landmark 25 ferent uses of nature within the outline of conservation.
Ocean Voices 26
Pacific Mangrove Initiative 28
T he Pacific Biodiversity logo has been developed as part of the Pacific island region’s
SPREP Library/IRC Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) Environmental Ambassadors 28 input to the 2010 International Year of Biodiversity.
Value Island Biodiversity: It’s Our Life! – Apia, Samoa : SPREP, 2011.
36 p. : col. ill. ; 29 cm.
ISBN: 978-982-04-0421-2 (print)| Pacific Islands Roundtable for Nature Conservation 29 The Pacific Biodiversity logo seeks to convey the Organisations and institutions were encouraged
978-982-04-0422-9 (online)
1. Biodiversity – Oceania. 2. Conservation of natural resources – Oceania importance of biodiversity to the health, wealth, to consider using the Pacific logo on their email
I. Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) II. Title. Celebrating Pacific Biodiversity 30 cultures and overall well-being of Pacific island correspondence to help promote awareness of
333.95
people. The greens and blues highlight the link biodiversity conservation.
Cover photography: Left: © Stuart Chape;
Centre and right: © Jenny Basset, UCWA. IYB 2010 in Pictures 32 between our marine and terrestrial ecosystems During the International Year, the logo was used
Design: Joanne Aitken, The Little Design Company
Compiled by: Clive Hawigen – Intern, 2010 IYB Campaign Coordinator while the overall shape tries to convey the aes- with the logo for the International Year of Biodi-
With assistance from SPREP team: Easter Galuvao – Biodiversity Advisor
Seema Deo – Education and Social Communication Advisor
SPREP’s Work in 2010 34 thetic value of biodiversity. The images in each versity. SPREP encourages countries to continue
Nanette Woonton – Media and Public Relations Officer petal highlight the intricate links between hu- using the logo during the Decade of Biodiversi-
Posa Skelton – Pacific Invasives Learning Coordinator
mans and the environment. ty (2011–2020).
© SPREP 2011
The Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme authorizes The logo was used widely across the Pacif- The logo is downloadable from the SPREP web-
the reproduction of this material, whole or in part, provided appropriate
acknowledgment is given. ic during the Year of Biodiversity to help bring site (www.sprep.org) with details on how to add
This publication is also available electronically from SPREP’s web site: www.sprep.org biodiversity conservation to the forefront of de-
SPREP T: +685 21 929 CONTRIBUTORS velopment planning.
it to your email template.
PO BOX 240 F: +685 20 231
Apia E: sprep@sprep.org A big thank you to those who contributed:
Samoa W: www.sprep.org
Pacific Biodiversity Blog: http//bionesian.blogspot.com/
• BioNET PACINET • Mari Moertvedt
The Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) is the
intergovernmental agency charged with the protection and sustainable management • SPREP’s Island Ecosystem Programme • Dr Lois Englberger and the Island Food
of the Pacific island region’s environment. SPREP’s vision is for a Pacific environment,
sustaining our livelihoods and natural heritage in harmony with our cultures. • MereTalei Joan Komailevuka and the Fiji Ministry Community of Pohnpei (IFCP)
SPREP works at the forefront of regional efforts to address environmental concerns
by providing national-level technical advice, programme support, human and of Environment • Randy Thaman
institutional capacity building and coordinated regional responses to global issues and
international agreements. The SPREP membership comprises 21 Pacific island countries • Easter Galuvao • Jaive Smare
and territories and Australia, New Zealand, France and United States of America. The
work of SPREP is guided by a 5-year Strategic Plan (2011–2015) which was formally • COP10 Pacific Voyage Media Team: Bernadette • Deyna March and Tauraki Raea
adopted at the 21st SPREP Meeting in Papua New Guinea in September 2010. For more
information regarding SPREP and SPREP’s contributions to conservation, resource Carreon, Mata’afa Keni Lesa and Nanette Woonton • Rajan Sami
management and sustainable development, please visit: www.sprep.org.
• Anouk Ride • Maggie Boyle
2 3
Pseudobulweria macgillivrayi Notopteris macdonaldi
Pacific Year of Biodiversity
LAUNCH
Kosi Latu, Deputy Director, SPREP
N o matter where we live on this planet,
Biodiversity – the variety of life on earth
– remains the foundation of all human life. Our
occur in the Melanesian islands, New Caledonia
and Polynesia-Micronesia.
Despite our recognition of the uniqueness of our
natural heritage, we in the Pacific have taken our
physical, economic, cultural and social well-being
biodiversity for granted, allowing many policies
is wholly dependent on what nature and natural and practices which contribute to the loss of
systems can provide. our biodiversity and deterioration of our natural
environments.
In the Pacific, as elsewhere on the planet, our Unfortunately, 8 years later, all reports are point- This year, the Year of Biodiversity, is the Pacific’s
entire cultures have been determined by our ing to the fact that we may have actually in- opportunity to turn things around. The Year
Pseudobulweria macgillivrayi or the Fiji Petrel, locally known as the Kacau ni Gau is and Notopteris macdonaldi or the Fiji Blossom Bat (known locally in Fiji as ikua). It is native to
island endemic bird of Fiji. It is critically endangered. Kacau ni Gau is a sea bird, presumed to natural environment and the different plant and creased the rate of loss of biodiversity across the will focus on encouraging the development
Fiji and Vanuatu, although its population is considered to be vulnerable. It dwells in caves and
nest in burrows on high ridges in the interior of the Gau island and disperse to pelagic waters roosts in large colonies. There are only four known roosting sites in Fiji, all on Viti Levu. The animal species in it. What we eat and how we live planet. In the Pacific islands alone, the 2008 IUCN and implementation of policies and systems to
far from the island. roots are often disturbed by people, and this species is very sensitive to these disturbances. have been determined by what is available in Red List of Threatened Species™ suggests that out ensure the better long-term management and
Main threats include feral cats, rats and feral pigs. Another threat to their survival are the There is not much ecological information available for this species, thus further research
mishandling of grounded birds and habitat destruction from humans. There is no eco- is needed to allow for better management actions. our environment. Our traditional medicines have of 3,769 species assessed, 123 are extinct, while use of our natural ecosystems. Good practices
logical information available on this bird. It features in the Fijian $50 note. Image: M. Mason; Text: Alefereti Naikatini
been derived directly from nature; and our songs another 1,060 are threatened with extinction. To
©South Pacific Regional Herbarium
in biodiversity conservation will be profiled to
Image: Hadoram Shirihai; Text: Alefereti Naikatini
©South Pacific Regional Herbarium and dances have been fashioned by our natural put these numbers in perspective, using birds as serve as models. Countries are also committing
surroundings. an example, 1 in every 8 birds in the Pacific is- to developing and implementing their national
Acmopyle sahniana Brachylophus bulabula Today, although we can purchase food, music, lands region will disappear forever if we take a
business as usual approach.
biodiversity strategies and action plans and to
integrating these into national development
clothing and pharmaceuticals from almost
anywhere in the world, we cannot do any of it While most of us might not be directly affected plans. Efforts will be made to raise awareness at
without fuel or money derived from our natural by the disappearance of a bird or two from our all levels of the value of biodiversity – not just in
resources. Our entire national economies rely on forests or wetlands, the knowledge that entire economic or monetary terms but also valuing
our Biodiversity – whether we rely on agriculture, species are disappearing under our watch should biodiversity for its intrinsic worth - to our cultural,
tourism, fisheries or forestry for our earnings. certainly give us cause to contemplate our own physical and emotional well-being.
In fact, there is really no getting around it – actions and how our human species is treating its SPREP is partnering with governments, donor
Biodiversity really is our life! natural environments. agencies, academic institutes and non-
2010 has been designated the International Year government organisations to ensure that our
In many cases, disappearing biodiversity is a result
of Biodiversity by the United Nations. The Year efforts across the region are well coordinated and
of human activity – mass logging, unrestrained
recognises the internationally agreed “2010 Bio- will have significant impact in terms of bringing
hunting and fishing, coastal and coral reef destruc-
diversity Target”, which aims to significantly re- about the needed changes.
tion and poor waste management are all ways in
duce the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010. The which we contribute to the gradual destruction of To highlight our commitment and our special Pa-
2010 Biodiversity Target was agreed to by world natural ecosystems and loss of biodiversity. cific partnerships, a logo has been developed to
leaders at the World Summit on Sustainable De- complement the International Year of Biodiversity.
velopment in 2002. This year, Pacific island countries have committed
to celebrating the Year of Biodiversity and The Pacific Biodiversity logo seeks to convey
recognising the value of our biodiversity to us as the message of the importance of biodiversity
island dwelling people. Our slogan, ‘Value Island to the health, wealth, cultures and overall well-
Biodiversity, It’s Our Life’, says it all. being of Pacific island people. The greens and
blues highlight the link between our marine and
The Pacific region contains some of the most
terrestrial ecosystems while the overall shape
unique species on Earth, with large numbers
Acmopyle sahniana belongs to an exceptional group of seed bearing plants, Brachylophus bulabula is a newly described iguana species from Fiji. It brings the total number of tries to convey the aesthetic value of biodiversity.
living Fijian iguanas to three. Their closest relatives are found about 8,000 miles in America, and it is of plants and animals occurring nowhere else
in the family Podocarpaceae, whose exclusive occurrence in the highly humid
believed that they arrived in Fiji at least over 10 million years ago. on the planet. Papua New Guinea, for example, We hope the logo will be used widely across the
highlands of Namosi, Ra and Naitasiri on Viti Levu of the Fijian archipelago, Fiji names: Vokai, Saumure
contains over 5% of the world’s biodiversity Pacific during and beyond the Year of Biodiversity
is an important attribution to the unique biodiversity of the region. This Common name: Fiji banded iguana
species of flowering plant grows as a sub-canopy rainforest tree and is Conservation Status: Critically endangered in the IUCN Red List. Declared as an endemic concentrated in less than 1% of the world’s total to help focus our work and thinking as we
locally known as kau tabua or drau tabua. Acmopyle sahniana is listed species in 2008. Found only on Fiji’s volcanic islands of Viti Levu, Ovalau, Viwa (Tailevu),
land area. The Western Pacific is acknowledged strive toward harmony between our immediate
Kadavu, Gau, Vanua Levu, Qamea and Taveuni. Most of the islands in which they are
as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red list because of the very found were found to be represented by at least one distinct iguana lineage. to have the highest marine diversity in the world human development needs and the long term
small known population, there are less than 150 trees to date. Its Threats: The Pacific iguanas have been adversely affected by human presence. with up to 3,000 species found on a single reef. sustainability of our people and our planet.
greatest threats are from mining and logging operations. Two species were eaten to extinction after people arrived nearly 3,000 years ago.
The three living Brachylophus iguanas face threats from habitat loss and Our region also has three globally recognised With these words, I am now pleased to unveil the
Images: Senilolia H. Tuiwawa & Hilda Waqa-Sakiti.
Text: Senilolia H. Tuiwawa. © South Pacific Regional Herbarium modification, and from feral cats, mongooses and goats. terrestrial biodiversity “hotspots” or areas of high logo and formally launch regional efforts for the
Image: Paddy Ryan. Text: Nunia Thomas, Scott Keogh
© South Pacific Regional Herbarium biodiversity that are under threat. These hotspots 2010 International Year of Biodiversity.
5
Pacific getting ready to meet
New Biodiversity Targets Emerald of the Isles
Green Snails of Manus Island, Papua New Guinea
Jaive Smare
T he Manus Green Snail, also known as the Emerald Green Snail, scientific name
Papustyla pulcherrima, is large land snail that can only be found on the island of
Manus in Papua New Guinea.
It is only found in certain parts of the island, especially in the larger, heavily forested and wet interior. It inhabits
areas up to 112 meters above sea level.
The snail is known as the Kikui in the local Manus language. It feeds at night and in the early morning hours of
the day on the moss and fungi that grows on the underside of tree bark and also on the bark itself. It is regarded
by locals as a clean animal as it does not come down to touch the ground, choosing instead to move along tree
© Jenny Bassett
branches, leaves and grass.
It hides during the day away from the heat. Its main predator is the Manus Friar Bird species, known as the
Chauka. The shell of the snail is large and an extraordinary green. It is a popular shell used in jewellery.
The snail is under threat. Overharvesting due to the good prices Manus Green Snail jewellery fetches in the local
markets is one threat. The price of one Green Snail earring is K25.00. Rainforest destruction and prolonged droughts
that have affected the island have also impacted on snail populations.
This snail and its shell are protected under CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora) and it is listed in the IUCN Red List. The snail is also the only foreign gastropod species list-
ed as federally endangered in the United States since 2 June 1970.
D
Sadly, there has never been a conservation effort program to conserve and monitor the species’ numbers, so the
elegates to the 10th Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diver- the Government of Japan of US$2billion to help exact health of the population of green snails is difficult to attain. Nor can we predict its future.
developing countries protect their biodiversity.
sity in Nagoya, Japan 2010 have responded positively with a new commitment
to “Live in Harmony with Nature” by adopting the ambitious strategic plan of the CBD. “For us in this region, it means working towards
identifying opportunities and innovative ways to
The plan, referred to as the “Aichi Target”, includes As an example, and hypothetically, if a pharma- take these outcomes forward. We have agreed to
a commitment to halve, and where feasible, bring ceutical company from Switzerland discovered the Aichi Target and now we need to see how and
close to zero the loss of natural habitats and also a plant in the Solomon Islands which could lead where we can incorporate the different objec-
Rare Giant Box Crab
to protect 17 percent of terrestrial and inland wa- to a drug which cured cancer, then that company tives into work we are doing at the national and
ter areas and 10 percent of marine areas, meas- would now be obliged to share the profits arising regional level in the Pacific,” said Easter Galuvao,
ures to control invasive species and to increase with the country. the Biodiversity Adviser of SPREP.
awareness of the values of biodiversity.
For the Pacific, preparations to meet new biodi-
This historic agreement is of great importance to
the Pacific region. It ensures balanced access to
Ms Galuvao said that in some cases the Pacific
is on track with the targets. She added: “in oth- reappears in Fiji after almost 50 years
versity targets have already begun. genetic resources on the basis of prior informed er cases we need to work harder in a concerted
“We are pleased to welcome the Aichi Target as a consent and mutually agreed terms. The Nagoya and holistic manner as a region so that by 2020 Randy Thaman
Protocol also ensures the fair and equitable shar- the Pacific region can once again showcase to the
guide for our region to work towards,” said Dav-
world what we have accomplished as part of our
T
id Sheppard, the Director of Secretariat of the Pa- ing of benefits while taking into account the im-
portant role of traditional knowledge. contribution to save our biodiversity.” he Giant Box Crab is rare in most Pacific Islands. It is found in rocky and coral sand areas. It
cific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP).
Mr Sheppard added: “The targets are within our It is expected the Nagoya Protocol will be in force These are just several of the many achievements has two very distinct colour forms: one tan and one with many bright maroon or red spots.
reach as the Pacific region has worked diligently by 2015. The Global Environment Facility has of- of the biodiversity conference in Nagoya.
fered financial support to assist with the early en- In Vanua Navakavu, just west of Suva, Fiji, the tan form is known as Burebure matatolu and the spotted form as
to protect our unique biodiversity. We can boast There were many more for the Pacific region.
try into force of this Protocol. Burebure tavutonotono. It used to be considered one of their most delicious seafoods. It, however, disappeared after
the Phoenix Islands Protected Area (PIPA) in Kiri- Representation from the region ensured a strong
the 1953 tsunami devastated the coastal area. Finally, in January 2009, both colour forms were finally rediscovered
bati - the largest marine protected area on earth “We have seen history in the making,” said Fiji’s Pacific presence was felt and heard as they were
by master fisher Asakaia Balawa and his family. This was after the establishment of a marine protected area in 1997.
- now a World Heritage Site. In our Pacific region Ambassador to Japan, H.E Mr Isikeli Mataitoga the a vocal part of the negotiations.
Hopefully, the beautiful giant boxcrab will become common enough to once again grace the tables of Navakavu
we also have the Micronesia Challenge, a com- Head of delegation for Fiji. He added: “The adop- A communications campaign – “The Pacific Voy- and other areas of the Pacific Islands!
mitment by the Federated States of Micronesia, tion of the ABS protocol is a major step forward in age” – helped ensure Pacific visibility was high
Marshall Islands, Palau, Guam and the Northern bringing equity and fairness in the sharing of the and our voices heard at the gathering of 18,000
Marianas, to conserve at least 30% of the near- profits made by the developed world from the bi- participants with promotional materials and
shore marine resources and 20% of the terrestri- odiversity resources of the developing world, in- events which highlighted conservation success-
al resources across Micronesia by 2020. The “Aichi cluding the small island developing states.” PACINET is a partnership to promote and build the Pacific Islands region’s capacity and capability
es in the Pacific as well as an event which pro-
Target” will help us strengthen our conservation in taxonomy, through the training of Pacific Islanders in taxonomy and revitalising vernacular
The current challenge for Pacific countries is moted the different types of communication
work across the Pacific.” taxonomic knowledge to work in parallel with science for conservation and sustainable
to translate these key outcomes into national and awareness raising activities on nature con-
Another key outcome from the conference was development. For more information contact Dr Posa Skelton: skelton_p@usp.ac.fj or posas@spc.int.
biodiversity strategies and to secure support servation.
the adoption of the Nagoya Protocol covering from the international community for their
For SPREP the meeting has helped provide the
the access to genetic resources and the fair and implementation.
guide for future work with the different member
equitable sharing of benefits from their use.
Many substantial commitments were made by countries as the region strives to meet the Aichi TOP: The spotted form – Burebure tavutonotono.
6 countries at Nagoya, including a commitment by Targets to help save global biodiversity. CENTRE: Burebure matatolu the tan form of the Calappa calappa reappeared in 2009.
BOTTOM: Master fisher, Asakaia Balawa shows the two forms.
Micronesia’s
POHNPEI PANDANUS
KIPAR/DEIPW EN POHNPEI/HELEHEU
CAROTENOID-RICH VARIETIES
m o r e h e a l t hy l o c
E at a l l y gr o w n f o o d
F ederated States of Micronesia’s “Go Local” campaign encourages its island
communities to eat more healthier, locally grown food as a step towards
preventing excess weight and obesity.
In an effort to encourage all Pacific Islanders to
start eating local foods, a regional food summit
was held in Vanuatu in early May 2010. The
gathering attracted well over 170 participants
coming from over 20 Pacific Island countries and
The “Go Local” campaign is in line with mainstream biodiversity and nutrition as central
territories as well as stakeholders. Issues of food
biodiversity for food and nutrition and to the development of sustainable diets.
security were discussed.
the island country’s continuous effort to
Dr Englberger highlighted work done on identi-
promote local food stock. Dr Englberger described a case study in Pohn-
fying banana varieties rich in Vitamin A and caro-
pei, in the Mand Community, Madolenihmw, in
Biodiversity is essential for food security tenoid-rich foods. Her presentation also included
a global health study on traditional food sys-
and nutrition and offers key options for composition work on Karat, Utin lap and oth-
tems, supported by the Centre for Indigenous
sustainable livelihoods by providing a er banana varieties as well as varieties of giant
Peoples’ Nutrition and Environment (CINE),
variety of plant and animal foods. In the swamp taro, breadfruit (seeded) and pandanus,
and how the community achieved dietary im-
Pacific, biodiversity is an element of tra- all rich in pro-vitamin A carotenoids.
provements after a two year program of aware-
ditional food knowledge systems. For
Pacific Indigenous Food posters featuring photos ness, agriculture and other activities. She also
generations, traditional knowledge
of Pohnpei foods, people and places, was a major explained how the Mand Community recent-
of food storage, seasons for growing,
highlight at the meeting. ly banned soft drinks in their community func-
preparation, the right growing con-
The Kaselehlie Press of Micronesia dated Monday tions for health reasons.
ditions, and factors that influence
the nutritional components of foods, 15th November 2010 reported Dr Englberger as Biodiversity links to dietary diversity, nutrition
have helped to sustain Pacific Island- stating that these foods could be promoted to and health. A diversity of foods from plants and
ers. These traditional foods have re- alleviate vitamin A deficiency, anemia, cancer, animals remain the best means to achieve a bal-
mained the best means to achieve a heart disease and diabetes. anced diet, and the preferred choice for human
healthy balanced diet, rich in vita- One major health problem that seems to over- health. Nutritional status and child growth im-
mins, minerals and fiber. whelm Pacific Islanders is obesity and excess prove with the consumption of a greater food di-
weight. versity, and available research suggests that their
Dr Lois Englberger, from the
health benefits from varied diets, particularly
Island Food Community of The World Health Organisation (WHO) reported
those high in fruits and vegetables. Although pre-
Pohnpei (IFCP), who attended that a major reason for the rising obesity rates
cisely identifying optimal dietary requirements
an international symposium on was an increase in imported foods. WHO stated
remains difficult, eating a wide range of foods
“Biodiversity and Sustainable that, in at least ten Pacific countries, more than
provides a safeguard against nutritional deficien-
Diets: United Against Hunger” fifty percent of the population is overweight.
cies. In this way, diverse diets can help in the fight
from November 3rd to 5th 2010, WHO also estimated that about forty percent
against problems of under-nutrition and obesity
gave a presentation titled “Re- of almost ten million people who live in Pacific
in both developing and developed countries.
visiting the Vitamin A fiasco: Island countries have health disorders related to
Going local in Micronesia.” The diet and nutrition.
symposium aimed to
8 9
Factsheet
Climate Change and Invasive Species Fact sheet
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wellas
asimpacts.
impacts.
Adapting
Ice melting, seato the effects of climate change in the Pacific
rising Adapting
Adapting to
to the
the effects
effects of
of climate
climate change
change in
inthe
thePacific
Pacific
The polar ice caps are melting. As the ice caps melt, and 3. Support adaptation to climate change and mitigation 3.3. Support
Support adaptation
adaptation to
toclimate
climatechange
changeandandmitigation
mitigation
the Adaptation
sea temperatures can beincrease,
defined the as actions
oceans or activities
expand, andthat Immersion
options of and
coastalcoordination.
areas at highThis tideincludes sourcingcommon
is an increasingly adequate Adaptation
Adaptation can
can be
be defined
defined asas actions
actions or
or activities
activities that
that options
optionsand
andcoordination.
coordination.This
Thisincludes
includessourcing
sourcingadequate
adequate
peoplerise.
sea levels undertake
Sea leveltorise accommodate, cope with
will affect coastal or benefit occurrence
communi- assistance to assess
throughout andasimplement
the Pacific, feasible options and
here in Tagua, Vanuatu. people
people undertake
undertake to to accommodate,
accommodate, cope cope with
with or
or benefit
benefit assistance
assistance toto assess
assessand
andimplement
implementfeasible
feasibleoptions
optionsand
and
ties, from the effects
particularly of climate
in many change.
low-lying This means
islands found in highlight-
the access funds for implementation of activities. from
from the
the effects
effects of
of climate
climate change.
change. This
This means
means highlight-
highlight- access
accessfunds
fundsforforimplementation
implementationofofactivities.
activities.
ingaswhat
Pacific, wellactions needthe
as affecting to level
be undertaken
of freshwater at national
availableand and contaminated water, will increase the level of water- ing
ing what
what actions
actions need
need to to be
be undertaken
undertaken at at national
national and
and
community
on those islands.levels to reduce its impacts. 4. Provide
borne technical diseases,
and vector-borne and legalsuch advisory services
as cholera, to assist
typhoid, community
community levels
levels to
to reduce
reduce its
its impacts.
impacts. 4.4. Provide
Provide technical
technical and
and legal
legal advisory
advisoryservices
servicestotoassist
assist
Pacific
malaria andisland
dengue.Parties implement the UNFCCC , to negotiate Pacific
Pacificisland
islandParties
Partiesimplement
implementthe theUNFCCC
UNFCCC, ,totonegotiate
negotiate
Pacific
Extreme islandsevents
weather are in a constant process of adapting to envi- a more robust post-Kyoto framework, with environmental Pacific
Pacific islands
islands are are in
in aa constant
constantprocess
processof ofadapting
adaptingto toenvi-
envi- aamore
morerobust
robustpost-Kyoto
post-Kyotoframework,
framework,with
withenvironmental
environmental
ronment,
Climate change social
willand economic
intensify factors.weather
extreme However, the rapid Production
events, integrityofpreserved,
food and to ensure consistency with other ronment,
ronment, social
social andand economic
economic factors.
factors. However,
However, thetherapid
rapid integrity
integritypreserved,
preserved,and
andto
toensure
ensureconsistency
consistencywith
withother
other
suchpace of climate
as storms, change
cyclones, is unprecedented
floods, droughts and heat in comparison
waves. international
Tropical cyclonesprocesses.
(its increase in frequency and intensity), pace
pace ofof climate
climate change
change isis unprecedented
unprecedented in in comparison
comparison international
internationalprocesses.
processes.
In theto last
pastdecade,
adaptation.
thereThe wereimpacts
three of climate
times morechange
weath-may irregular rainfall patterns, flooding in low lying and coastal to
to past
past adaptation.
adaptation. The The impacts
impacts of of climate
climate change
change may may
heavilynatural
er-related affect the access to mostly
catastrophes, and usefloods
of natural resources areas,
and wind- SPREP’s specific climate-related
saline intrusion, coastal erosion and activities include
increased ratesthe heavily
heavily affect
affect the the access
access to to and
and use
use ofof natural
natural resources
resources SPREP’s
SPREP’s specific
specific climate-related
climate-related activities
activities include
include thethe
thatinunderpin
storms, the world Pacific
than life.
in theGiven
1960s.this reliance on natural re- of coral Pacific Climate Change
bleaching mean higher Roundtable
demands(PCCR),
andPacific Islands
unstable that
that underpin
underpin PacificPacific life.
life. Given
Given this
this reliance
reliance on
on natural
naturalre-
re- Pacific
PacificClimate
ClimateChange
ChangeRoundtable
Roundtable(PCCR),
(PCCR),Pacific
PacificIslands
Islands
sources, it is important to strengthen the environment to levels GCOS
of food Programme
production. andThis Implementation Plan (PI-GCOS),
will affect diet, income gen- sources,
sources, itit isis important
important to to strengthen
strengthen the the environment
environment to to GCOS
GCOS Programme
Programme and and Implementation
Implementation Plan Plan (PI-GCOS),
(PI-GCOS),
Water cope with the impacts of climate change. Solutions must erating
shortages Pacific Adaptation
activities to Climate Change
for communities (PACC) Project,
and economies - in es-and cope with the impacts of climate change.
cope with the impacts of climate change. Solutions must Solutions must Pacific
PacificAdaptation
Adaptationto toClimate
ClimateChange
Change(PACC)
(PACC)Project,
Project,and
and
Risesbeinfound that and
sea level, respond stormtosurges
the climate change
will result challenges sence
in saltwa- thethePacific Islands Greenhouse Gas Abatement through be
be found
found thatthat respond
respond to to the
the climate
climate change
change challenges the
the Pacific
Pacific Islands
Islands Greenhouse
Greenhouse Gas Gas Abatement
Abatementthrough An innovative
A
food security of the Pacific Islands. challenges through
faced by freshwater
ter entering the communities, supplieswhile at the
(saline same time
intrusion), whichbeing Renewable Energy Project (PIGGAREP). For more informa- faced
faced byby the
the communities,
communities, while while at
at the
the same
same time
time being
being Renewable
RenewableEnergy
EnergyProject
Project(PIGGAREP).
(PIGGAREP).For
Formore
moreinforma-
informa- appr oach passenger bus slowly makes its way along the serene and picturesque Suva
means socially
that and
thereculturally
will be less acceptable to the community.
water available to drink and tion on
Affecting
Portal
these
unique
online
programs,
Pacific
at
visit the SPREP Climate Change
biodiversity
www.sprep.org/climate_change/.
socially and culturally acceptable to the
socially and culturally acceptable to the community. community. tion
tion on
Portal
on these
these programs,
Portalonline
programs, visit
visitthe
theSPREP
SPREPClimate
onlineatatwww.sprep.org/climate_change/.
ClimateChange
Change
by Fiji’s Depar
to grow plants and food. Climate change may also alter
SPREP’s
rainfall climate change initiatives
patterns.
The impacts of climate change, including cyclones and
changes in temperature due to drought, can lead to SPREP’s
SPREP’s climate
climate change
change initiatives
initiatives
www.sprep.org/climate_change/.
tment to Nausori corridor in Fiji. Its bright orange bodywork proudly shows off
changes in the habitats of plants and animals, and as they of Environme
Onein
Increase ofdrought
the greatest challenges to sustainable development die out, Climate change facts
may result in destructive invasive species taking One
One of
of the
the greatest
greatestchallenges
challengestotosustainable
sustainabledevelopment
development
Climate
Climatechange
changefacts
facts nt t o messages about saving Fiji’s unique and pristine biodiversity. Along its route,
in the 21st century is climate change.
The changes in climate will lead to more extreme weather While the internation- their place in the ecosystem. It is also likely that there will in
in the
the 21st
21st century
centuryisisclimate
climatechange.
change.While
Whilethe
theinternation-
internation- promote biod
al community
patterns, meaning has
Framework
fall, and
thatinitiated
in otherConvention
some placesstepswill
on Climate
areas, less rainfall,
under the United
receive
Change
or more (UNFCCC)
intense
• The Earth’s surface temperature will rise between
Nations be changes
more rain- in overall tuna stocks and changes to tuna mi-
1.1 and 2.9 degrees celcius by the end of the 21st
rain- to gratory patterns as was seen in 1997-98 El Nino, a decrease
al
al community has initiated steps under the UnitedNations
community
Framework
has
Framework Convention
initiated
Convention on
steps under
on Climate
the
Climate Change
United
Change (UNFCCC)
Nations
(UNFCCC) to
•• The
1.1
The Earth’s
1.1 and
Earth’s surface
and 2.9
surface temperature
2.9 degrees
temperaturewill
degrees celcius
celciusby
bythe
willrise
theend
risebetween
between
endofofthe
the21st
21st
iversity the bus attracts attention from young and old who ponder the messages and
stabilize
fall but greenhouse
of a shorter
motedforcarbon
duration gases
which in the atmosphere
will result and pro- in other
in droughts.
century (IPCC AR4, WG 1, 2007).
fish stocks as well as an increase in ciguatera poi- stabilize greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and pro-
stabilize greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and pro-
to
century (IPCC AR4, WG 1, 2007).
century (IPCC AR4, WG 1, 2007). conser vation images stylishly printed on its side. But what is so unique about this bus is that it is
Droughts a longtrading
period to canassist
havewithotherthis overall
effects objective
such as soning outbreaks. moted carbon trading to assist with this overall objective
moted carbon trading to assist with this overall objective
under its Kyoto Protocol, progress has been slow. • A mean sea level rise of between 25–58cm is pro- under its Kyoto Protocol, progress has been slow. • A mean sea level rise of between 25–58cm is pro-
placing forests at high risk from fires. Droughts will also • A mean sea level rise of between 25–58cm is pro-
harden the soil, thus making it less able to absorb rain Erosion
jected by mid 21st century along the coastlines of
under its Kyoto Protocol, progress has been slow.
jected by mid 21st century along the coastlines of
jected by mid 21st century along the coastlines of environmentally friendly. The bus runs on clean-burning bio-fuel and, for the first
The Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Pacific island countries. The Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Pacific island countries.
when it eventually comes. Flooding of lowland and coastal areas, and severe coastal The Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Pacific island countries.
Programme (SPREP) is an intergovernmental organisa-
erosion will impact on coastal infrastructure. The increased
• Higher sea surface temperatures will result in
Programme (SPREP) is an intergovernmental organisa-
Programme (SPREP) is an intergovernmental organisa- • Higher sea surface temperatures will result in
time in this island nation’s public transport industry, the bus will carry a rubbish
Healthtion working with Pacific island countries and territories
issues tion working with Pacific island countries and territories • Higher sea surface temperatures will result in
rainfallbleaching
will wash of soilcoral
awayreefsif not managed carefully, limit- tion working with Pacific island countries and territories
to strengthen
sustainable
environmental
development.
management
Climate change will affect the health of Pacific islanders.
SPREP works
and
with
promote
21 Pacific
ing thewetlands,
food andwhich plantsmeans
that can
and retreating of mangrove
lessbe grown,ofasfish
diversity well
andasoth-
af-
to strengthen environmental management and promote
to strengthen environmental management and promote
sustainable development. SPREP works with 21 Pacific
bleaching of coral reefs and retreating of mangrove
bleaching of coral reefs and retreating of mangrove
wetlands, which means less diversity of fish and oth-
bin during its runs.
The changes in the climate, and the effects of climate fectingerthe health of the coral reef through sedimentation. sustainable development. SPREP works with 21 Pacific wetlands, which means less diversity of fish and oth-
countries animals. er animals.
change such and as theterritories
increases as well as Australia, flooding,
in temperature, France, New
Forestry can play an important role in watershed manage-
countries and territories as well as Australia, France, New
countries and territories as well as Australia, France, New er animals.
Zealand and USA. SPREP members have identified four Zealand and USA. SPREP members have identified four
Zealand and USA. SPREP members have identified four
The Biodiversity Bus, launched by the Depart- people’s livelihood, culture and the economy.
ment of Environment (DOE) at the Fiji Muse-
The country’s plant and animal species vary and
um on 21st October 2010, was part of the coun-
have contributed immensely to the services that
For more information, contact: For more information, contact: try’s year-long International Year of Biodiversity
For more information, contact:
Espen Ronneberg, Climate Change Adviser (espenr@sprep.org) Espen Ronneberg, Climate Change Adviser (espenr@sprep.org)
the ecosystems provide and to the nation’s de-
Espen Ronneberg, Climate Change Adviser (espenr@sprep.org) campaign. Fiji’s Minister for Local Government,
Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) SPREP Factsheet No. PF-003 Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP)
Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) SPREP Factsheet No. PF-003
SPREPrevised
Factsheet No. PF-003
velopment. DOE had the overall responsibility of
P. O. Box 240 • Apia, Samoa • +68-5-21929 • www.sprep.org First Published 2005; revised August 2008. P. O. Box 240 • Apia, Samoa • +68-5-21929 • www.sprep.org First Published 2005; August 2008. Housing, Urban Development and Environment,
P. O. Box 240 • Apia, Samoa • +68-5-21929 • www.sprep.org First Published 2005; revised August 2008. preparing a National Biodiversity Strategy and
Colonel Samuela Saumatua, launched the cam-
Action Plan (NBSAP) for the country. In order for
paign. Colonel Saumatua stated that the launch
the Year of Biodiversity to be effective, a commu-
was a testament to his Ministry’s commitment to
nications planning workshop was held, which
raising awareness of biodiversity and to the fight
generated the idea of a ‘Clearing House’ mecha-
against global warming.
nism for communication materials.
He said the bus will help boost the promotion
All partners to the plan already had their own
of biodiversity and also raise awareness among
biodiversity-related communication materials,
people living in Suva and Sausori. Col. Saumat-
which included posters, stickers, t-shirts and
ua was quoted in Fijilive.com: “This is a bold step
brochures that they had previously distributed
taken by my Ministry in taking this national cam-
independently to target audiences with varying
paign to another level.”
degrees of success. However, during the course
There are also plans to launch similar buses for of the workshop, participants agreed that DoE
the Nadi-Lautoka route and the Labasa-Nabou- would act as a library for all of these communi-
walu stretch in Vanua Levu. DOE has reported cation materials and would coordinate their dis-
that the overall plan was to take the environ- tribution when opportunities arose.
ment awareness campaign to another level be-
The year-long International Year of Biodiversi-
tween 2010-2014. This included increasing its
ty campaign included the production of materi-
visibility campaign on issues such as environ-
al that went a long way in stating that Fiji is seri-
mental conservation, pollution prevention and
ous about protecting the country’s biodiversity.
a cleaner environment, which would lead to a
These included: International Year of Biodiver-
cleaner and healthier Fiji.
sity t-shirts, posters, Biodiversity TV spot, Biodi-
The brightly coloured bus was the initiative of versity CD productions, art work exhibition, bi-
several local non-governmental organizations, odiversity float march during Hibiscus Day, and
the Government of Fiji and the Tebara Bus Com- a monthly newsletter that captured activities of
pany, which donated the bus to this cause. all partners to the International Year of Biodiver-
sity Action Plan.
Fiji officially launched the 2010 Internation-
al Year of Biodiversity (IYB) celebrations on 21st For Fiji, the future looks promising for environ-
May. Focusing on the theme, “Protect Island Bio- mental conservation as the Department of Envi-
diversity- It’s Our Life” these celebrations reflect- ronment, NGO’s and various stakeholders make
ed on the importance of Fiji’s biodiversity to its sure that their island biodiversity is preserved.
10 © Stuart Chape 11
PAPUA NEW GUINEA NAURU
Island Wear
Bismarck K I R I B A T
Sea
Pacific Ocean
INDONESIA
Solomon SOLOMON ISLANDS TUVALU
Arafura Sea TOKELAU
Sea Port Moresby Honiara
10°S
WALLIS
AND
for your children and all of us
FUTUNA SAMOA
Apia
Biodiversity + Fashion
Pago Pago
Coral AMERICAN
SAMOA COOK
VANUATU FIJI
ISLANDS
Sea Port Vila Suva
NEW TONGA NIUE
20°S
CALEDONIA
Nuku’alofa
Tropic of Capricorn Noumea
The Pacific Ocean 2020 Challenge needs a body like the
I t was a night of celebrations as designers in Samoa put on their creative caps to stage
the first ever Vibrant Environment Wearable Fashion Arts competition. The event,
30°S
held at the Manumea Hotel in early 2010, saw six entrants showcase their designs.
South Pacific Ocea
Pacific Ocean Commission to achieve its goals. Based on the theme “Our vibrant environment,” Entrants were encouraged to use only natural Tasman
NORTH
the entrants were awarded points based on fibres and recyclable materials in designing
T
Sea
0 500 1000 km
he point was raised by H. EIsikeli Mataitoga, Ambassador of Fiji to Japan, during design, creativity, natural fibres and recyclable their wearable
40°S
art pieces. There were three
130°E 140°E 150°E 160°E 170°E 180° 170°W 160°W
a side event at the 10th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP10) on materials. Not only did the event coincide with main awards given out. These were Our Vibrant
the 2010 International Year of Biodiversity Environment theme award, People’s Choice
the Convention of Biological Convention (CBD) at the Nagoya Congress Centre. celebrations, it also acted as a timely assistance and the Natural Fibres and Recyclable Materials
to the Cook Islands cyclone relief efforts by the award.
“You need a body that can bring together all Ocean is managed sustainably for the long term,” Cook Islands Community in Samoa.
“We had wearable art pieces made from vines
the issues under sustainable development,” Mr said Mr O’Callaghan. and leaves, crushed bottle caps, rubbish bags,
Mataitoga said. coconuts leaves, bubble wrap and even a dress
The challenge involves working with a number of
“One that will run and keep this important chal- governments in the Pacific region where they are made from cans which were crushed and cut,”
lenge in the forefront of politicians and senior asked to work together to manage the ocean. said Ms Nanette Woonton, of the Cook Islands
democrats in the region. This body should be community in Samoa in the Samoan Observer
“This is so we can firstly share good long-term
able to front up to politicians and say, look guys, dated 20 April 2010.
sustainable governance for the Pacific Ocean,
the Pacific Ocean is for your children, your chil- She said the creativity of the designers was
share research, share education, share training,
dren’s children and for all of us and we need to amazing, adding that the audience was in awe
identify additional financial resources for co-
keep it sustainable. It won’t be a Pacific Ocean if of all the stunning creations, which took a lot of
operation,” said Mr O’Callaghan. “Some of these
it is not sustainable in the long term.” time and effort to put together.
changes take time; it’s not going to happen very
The Ambassador said the Pacific Ocean 2020 quickly. We need to build momentum over the At the end of the night, creative 11 year-old,
Challenge also needs a framework that’s going to next two to three years.” Brianna Fruean’s “Baby Blossoms” design took
make everybody happy. out the 2010 Ultimate Design award. She also
The Challenge was discussed at the Pacific Islands
“But there will be obstacles,” he warned. “There Forum this year. According to the Challenge’s won the “People’s Choice” award as well as the
are regional frameworks that already exist in law website, The Pacific Ocean 2020 Challenge aims “Our Vibrant Environment” theme award. The
and practice that may be considered in the long to forge partnerships with sectors of ocean users Natural fibres and recyclable materials award
term but that has to take its shape and provision who have not previously been fully engaged in went to Jasmine Heather.
from the CBD because it is the only convention ocean governance initiatives, and spanning ge-
at the UN level that has a wide acceptance in this ographic areas beyond the traditional ‘Pacific re-
point of time.” gion’.
Jasmine Heather – This piece was designed by Jasmine Heather Baby Blossom – This won the 2010 Ultimate Design award, People’s
Bernard O’Callaghan, Regional Programme Coor- Working with Pacific Ocean-wide coalitions for and created with help from her sisters. This won the Natural Choice Award and the Natural Fibres and Recycle Materials Award. It was
Fibres and Recycle Materials Award. designed by 11 year old Brianna Fruean.
dinator of the International Union for the Conser- action will enable the Challenge to complement
vation of Nature (IUCN) said part of the challenge and enhance stakeholder-engaging activities al-
is the fact the Pacific Ocean is big. ready established by intergovernmental agen-
cies and NGOs around the region, thus avoiding
“It’s the biggest geographical feature in the
duplication of activities. In doing so, it is envi-
world. Governments have a number of interests.
sioned that a holistic and practical approach to
The bigger challenge is getting on the agenda of ocean governance in the region will become a re-
the larger countries,” he said. ality, and that the region will have a sustainable
“The Pacific Ocean is under resourced. People and healthy Pacific Ocean by 2020.
tend to use it for transport, for fish. It’s all about According to the Pacific Ocean Synthesis report,
extracting resources from the Pacific.” the Pacific Ocean is faced with major threats of
The Pacific Ocean 2020 Challenge sets out to pro- “pollution, habitat destruction, overfishing and
tect the Pacific Ocean. harvesting, and climate change.”
“There are a whole lot of endangered species [in The Pacific Ocean accounts for half of our plan-
the Pacific Ocean],” he said. “Tuna is vitally impor- et’s total ocean area and a full one-third of the
tant for the community, vitally important for the planet’s surface, making it the largest single ge-
economies of the Pacific islands. Appropriate at- ographic feature on our planet. This vast region
tention needs to be paid to ensure these tuna supports many complex ecosystems and ocean-
stocks stay viable for the long term.” based economies, producing a wealth of resourc-
es for local and global consumption. However,
“The Pacific Ocean is very important to the world.
sustainably managing these natural and eco-
Two out of three fish in the world come out of
nomic resources presents an enormous chal-
the Pacific ocean so it’s important that the Pacific Vivrodictive – This piece was created by Flower Bomb – The design was Spirit of the Forest – This amazing piece was created out of Vili Chan – Vili designed a halter neck dress made out
Photos © Stuart Chape lenge.
Dane Fabricus. He produced it within a submitted by Lau Couture – it’s a vines and leaves. The breast was woven twigs – it was created of used cans – the inner of the dress is bubble wrap
period of a week! Stunning piece using beautiful piece made out of foam from goods found in the garden and was called the spirit of and the bottom parts are made of trash. It was a very
bottle tops and plastics, along with coconut and rubbish bags the forest. It was modeled to a piece read by Olga Keil, such a beautiful entry.
leaf spines. beautiful piece.
12 13
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