High Yield Stewardship Report - Investment managers - Baillie Gifford
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Risk Factors The views expressed in this article are those of the Credit Team and should not be considered as advice or a recommendation to buy, sell or hold a particular investment. They reflect personal opinion and should not be taken as statements of fact nor should any reliance be placed on them when making investment decisions. This communication was produced and approved in May 2021 and has not been updated subsequently. It represents views held at the time of writing and may not reflect current thinking. Potential for Profit and Loss All investment strategies have the potential for profit and loss, your or your clients’ capital may be at risk. Past performance is not a guide to future returns. Stock Examples Any stock examples and images used in this article are not intended to represent recommendations to buy or sell, neither is it implied that they will prove profitable in the future. It is not known whether they will feature in any future portfolio produced by us. Any individual examples will represent only a small part of the overall portfolio and are inserted purely to help illustrate our investment style. This article contains information on investments which does not constitute independent research. Accordingly, it is not subject to the protections afforded to independent research and Baillie Gifford and its staff may have dealt in the investments concerned. All information is sourced from Baillie Gifford & Co and is current unless otherwise stated. The images used in this document are for illustrative purposes only. CM15704 High Yield Report 0621 Ref: 52817 IND AR 0837
Contents 01 Contents Introduction Our Approach to Stewardship Stewardship and our High Yield Investment Process 02 04 05 Investment Portfolio Engagement Decisions Governance Highlights and Sustainability Scoring 08 12 13 Summary 19
Introduction 03 Introduction At Baillie Gifford, we know our clients want us to achieve strong investment returns and, understandably, they also care about the impact their capital deployment can have on society and the environment. Being stewards of our clients’ capital is an important role and therefore Baillie Gifford’s actions must reflect our shared values and beliefs. In a high yield bond context, integrating governance and sustainability (G&S) in the investment process in a clear and thoughtful way is the key to good stewardship. This is in addition to the broader responsibilities that come with managing significant sums of money. Companies that issue bonds in the high yield market are less creditworthy than their investment grade rated peers. When investing in this market, the risk of default and permanent loss of capital is material. We believe there is a strong alignment between good G&S practices and achieving, over the long run, the best possible investment returns. G&S considerations are, therefore, embedded in our research, company engagement and decision-making. This report focuses on how we fulfil our stewardship responsibilities for high yield portfolios, firstly by explaining our approach to stewardship and secondly by following up with examples of our stewardship activities over the course of 2020.
04 Our Approach to Stewardship Our Approach to Stewardship Our approach to stewardship is based on a set of key beliefs. We believe that, as high yield investors with an objective to focus on returns, it is important for us to consider all the potential opportunities and risks associated with a company, before and after investing. It is not sufficient to consider stewardship matters only after an investment is made. Alongside a company’s durable competitive position and an appropriate capital structure, we see good governance and a sustainable approach as key components in assessing an issuer’s fundamental resilience. Our approach aims to incorporate all factors that are material and relevant to the return potential and risk profile of each investment. We believe that companies with strong fundamentals will prove to be more robust through economic, industry and market cycles. We also believe that our stewardship approach, through strong G&S practices, will benefit clients, companies, the economy and society as a whole over the long term. G&S FACTORS ARE G&S FACTORS ARE INTRINSINCALLY A COMPONENT LONG TERM, LIKE OUR OF RESILIENCE INVESTMENT HORISON G&S ANALYSIS ENHANCES RISK CONTROL AND IDENTIFIES OPPORTUNITIES
Stewardship and our High Yield 05 Investment Process Stewardship and our High Yield Investment Process Bespoke Research and Analysis We seek to invest in the bonds of resilient businesses whose idiosyncratic characteristics contribute to the return potential of a high yield portfolio and add to the diversity of risks within it. We believe that, over the long term, an issuer’s fundamental resilience will be reflected in the performance of its bonds. To ensure our research is targeted appropriately, our first step is to narrow the field of potential investments, focusing on identifying issuers whose fundamental characteristics score highly when judged on these three factors. This is our resilience filter. We view resilience as a combination of: 1 2 3 A durable Good governance and An appropriate competitve position a sustainable approach capital structure G&S topics are intertwined with these resilience factors and must be considered as part of the investment process. Each investment in high yield bonds, new and existing, is analysed from a G&S perspective. We do not use an exclusion list, instead we incorporate material issues into our proprietary in-house research. To ensure consistency of that research, we take our cue from the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) Materiality Map. This is a thought map that flags up, by sector, sustainability issues which could potentially have a financial impact on a company’s operations. We engage with companies when we require additional information to assess the risks and opportunities. The emphasis we place on G&S factors varies depending on the company’s sector, region, strength of financial position and debt maturity profile. So, while product quality and safety may be a concern for some companies, weak leadership and governance could expose a business to the risk of regulatory backlash and increased reputational damage in, for example, the telecommunication services industry. Evaluating risk is at the heart of what we do. A G&S risk factor needs to be treated like any other – something for which investors should be well compensated. To invest in a company with elevated G&S risk we require a strong resilience score from other investment criteria in order to give us confidence that the company will continue to perform well. There may be times when a G&S risk factor outweighs all others. Our approach is nuanced and flexible, reflecting the fact that there is no straightforward response to such risks.
06 Stewardship and our High Yield Investment Process Governance and Sustainability Framework Our process centres on being conscious of the most relevant or significant G&S factors relating to a company, and includes this analysis in our decision-making process. Scoring levels Governance and Sustainability scoring justifications 2 Materially positive characteristic(s) 1 Management willing to engage Good disclosure available on material risk factors 0 A material issue is identified Limited disclosure avaiable on material risk factors Management refuse to engage A holding can still be justified if: Improvements are planned or in progress Investors are appropriately rewarded for the risk If a company has a high score on G&S factors, this may increase our enthusiasm for an investment. Where we identify the likelihood of improvement in governance or sustainability areas, we may take a more positive decision than a static analysis or current score would suggest. Conversely, new investments may be dismissed, and current positions sold, if we have a fundamental concern on a G&S issue. When G&S factors weigh against a potential investment, we will possibly hold a smaller position size than we otherwise might, or may demand a higher risk premium for our clients. These factors can also result in the decision not to invest. Scoring is an iterative process, requiring ongoing monitoring and review. The examples which follow demonstrate that scores can, and do, change over time.
07 Decision Making Our framework of analysis and decision-making allows us to take a long-term, forward-looking perspective on the quality of individual businesses. We believe this is a comprehensive way to add value through bond selection. In the high yield bond market, it is important to prioritise pessimism over optimism given that the asymmetry of returns does not work in bond investors’ favour. The capped upside return, together with a worst-case scenario of suffering a large capital loss, means risk considerations should be prioritised over returns. Over the life of a high yield bond, investors will be repaid in most instances, but may suffer a default on occasion. Having the confidence to invest in this market requires a clear set of objective criteria against which to evaluate potential investments and a time horizon long enough to allow fundamentals to assert themselves over fluctuating market sentiment. We have introduced the clear scoring matrix shown earlier to ensure that G&S factors are an important part of the decision-making process. To enhance our G&S analysis, we have two dedicated G&S specialists who are supported by a well-resourced team. These specialists monitor and conduct collaborative research on individual issuers, identifying specific G&S risk factors, and thus help form our overall investment view. Engagement Our approach to G&S as bond holders is based on engagement and dialogue. Given the contractual nature of our relationship with issuers, we understand that our ability to influence differs from other asset classes. However, issuers of debt do take on board our comments and recommendations. Where high yield investments are also held in Baillie Gifford equity portfolios, we have an additional opportunity to support, and/or take advantage of the stewardship activities of our colleagues. Milestones and Monitoring Enhanced G&S oversight encourages a deeper, broader discussion which supports the identification of early warning signals that may eventually translate into the issuer’s prospects. It is often useful to set specific G&S monitoring milestones for companies to ensure that they make progress over time towards achieving the expected performance improvements identified in our analysis.
08 Investment Decisions Investment Decisions Scoring levels Governance and Sustainability SASB Issue Categories scoring justifications Environment Greenhouse Gas (GHG) 2 Materially positive characteristic(s) Emissions; Air Quality; Energy Management; Water & Wastewater Management; Waste G&S Discussion & Hazardous Materials Management SNF SNF, the world’s largest producer of polyacrylamides, Chemicals has a robust competitive position in its niche water- Social Capital Human Rights & soluble polymers market, with strong market share Community Relations and evidence of good bargaining power. SNF’s water- Human Capital Employee Health & Safety soluble polymers are used in a wide range of water Business Model Product Design & Lifecycle treatment activities including drinking and wastewater & Innovation Management management and in industries such as oil and gas, pulp/ paper, and agriculture. SNF is committed to delivering a Leadership & Management of the Legal Governance & Regulatory Environment; positive impact through its innovative chemical products, Critical Incident Risk and continues to be a crucial player in helping to reduce Management water usage and improve access to clean water. Through its ESG reporting, SNF demonstrates an Investment decision ADD awareness of financially material G&S risks and, during our engagement, displayed both willingness and ability We provided new capital to SNF as we view to manage these risks. For example, disclosure on the credit quality to be higher than its peer group, making the valuation opportunity remuneration is weak and we believe that the lack of compelling. Our conviction was strengthened independence on the board poses a potential threat to by SNF’s commitment to long-term value the strength of SNF’s governance structure. However, creation through sustainable delivery. the successful transition of the CEO and chairperson role from the founder does provide reassurance that the interests of the board (and founder) are aligned with broader stakeholders and the board remains dedicated to driving the business forward. We will continue to monitor SNF’s board composition, health and safety track record, and imperfect disclosures. However, financially material risks for SNF are significantly skewed towards sustainably delivering the company’s impactful products. While it is important to continue monitoring the board composition and imperfect disclosures, these factors do not materially threaten SNF’s ability to deliver products. For this reason, following further analysis, we increased SNF’s G&S score from 1 to 2 to reflect the materially positive impact derived from its products.
09 Scoring levels Governance and Sustainability SASB Issue Categories scoring justifications Environment GHG Emissions; 1 Management willing to engage, good disclosure Air Quality; Energy available on material risk factors Management; Water & Wastewater Management; Waste & Hazardous G&S Discussion Materials Management Canpack Canpack is a Poland-based manufacturer of aluminium Social Capital Product Quality & Safety Containers cans. This segment of the packaging industry is expected to grow in developed markets as rising Human Capital and Packaging sustainability concerns, changing consumer preferences Business Model Product Design & and lightweight/flexible properties cause aluminium to & Innovation Lifecycle Management displace glass and plastic alternatives. Aluminium will Leadership & play an important part in the circular economy given Governance products can be recycled continuously in a cost-efficient manner without loss of quality. Our G&S score was hampered due to limited Investment decision BUY transparency and best-practice governance. Canpack Canpack is well-positioned to deliver is ultimately owned by its founder, who also sits on the sustainable expansion. However, its score is held back by governance and some legal supervisory board, which is thereby limited on being disputes, limiting our position size. able to offer independent oversight. There is an ongoing tax investigation by the Polish tax authorities and outstanding litigation against former senior employees. Positively, Canpack’s CEO leads the Sustainability Committee which focuses on setting sustainability strategy, reviewing ESG performance, and promoting Canpack’s corporate responsibility pillars: Care, Sustain and Recycle. Canpack demonstrates effective management of key G&S risks, such as greenhouse gas emissions and energy management, through disclosure within its sustainability report.
10 Investment Decisions Scoring levels Governance and Sustainability SASB Issue Categories scoring justifications Environment Air Quality; Water & 1 Management willing to engage, good disclosure available on Wastewater Management material risk factors Social Capital G&S Discussion Human Capital Enviva Enviva is the world’s largest producer of wood Business Model Product Design & Lifecycle Biofuels pellets, shipping its products from the US to Europe & Innovation Management; Supply Chain Management and Asia, where they are used to generate heat and electricity. Our investment case was supported by Leadership & Management of the Legal the belief that Enviva’s business can reduce reliance Governance & Regulatory Environment; Critical Incident Risk on fossil fuels and support the transition to a lower Management carbon economy. However, further analysis indicated that potential regulation relating to the sustainable sourcing of biomass could negatively impact Enviva and undermine the company’s ability to sustainably Investment decision REDUCE procure wood to support its long-term growth Our initial investment case did not fully strategy. We have concerns about the impact on capture the financial materiality of these climate risks. As a result, we reduced our biodiversity from sourcing wood through primary non- holdings in Enviva. certified forests; although we are confident that Enviva is actively managing and minimising its impact. We will continue to engage with Enviva to encourage greater utilisation of sustainably sourced wood as well as its use of efficient biomass technology. By doing so, Enviva’s growth strategy should prove more resilient, protecting the forests it relies on and reducing the risk of financial impact from increased regulation.
11 Scoring levels Governance and Sustainability SASB Issue Categories scoring justifications Environment GHG Emissions; 0 A material issue is identified Air Quality; Water & Limited disclosure avaiable on material risk factors Wastewater Management; Ecological Impacts G&S Discussion Social Capital Human Rights & Community Relations Callon Callon Petroleum is a Houston-based oil and gas Petroleum exploration and production company with a 70 per Human Capital Employee Health & Safety Oil & Gas cent weighting to the production of oil. Given oil is Business Model Business Model Resilience Exploration more carbon-intensive than gas production, Callon & Innovation and Petroleum would be an extremely carbon-intensive Leadership & Business Ethics; Production holding. Gas flared was recklessly high at 16 per Governance Management of the Legal cent of production in 2018 and this showed disregard & Regulatory Environment; for the impacts on climate change. Our analysis Critical Incident Risk Management highlighted concerns from a social perspective due to limited disclosure on safety metrics which restricted our assessment of G&S risks. In addition, we identified issues relating to the effectiveness of the Investment decision DISMISS board and excessive management remuneration. We seek to lend to energy companies that are prioritising sustainability and carbon efficiency within their production processes which was not evident with Callon Petroleum.
12 Portfolio Governance and Sustainability Scoring Portfolio Governance and Sustainability Scoring HIGH ACCEPTABLE G&S score SVENSKA JAMES HARDIE HANDELSBANKEN G&S score 0 — Swedish 0 1% — Global building materials company 1% bank with demonstrable G&S — Leader in innovative score G&S success in local score products improving relationship banking 1 2 building durability and 6% functionality — De-centralised 10% business model is — Laggard in unique and fosters Acceptable High sustainability disclosure Resilience Resilience best-in-class risk may hinder ability to 4% 13% capture customer management sustainability trends — Excellent management G&S G&S score score culture and commitment 1 Medium Resilience 1 to long-term 38% 83% 44% business success How We Score Resilience MEDIUM MARKS AND SPENCER DURABLE COMPETITIVE POSITION 0 1 2 — Long history as major clothing and food retailer in the UK GOOD GOVERNANCE AND SUSTAINABLE APPROACH 0 1 2 — Strong competitive G&S Score position and improving APPROPRIATE CAPITAL (Outer circle) online proposition STRUCTURE 0 1 2 G&S Score 2 = Strong — Increased focus on 1 = Good supply chain mapping RESILIENCE SCORE and management of (INNER CIRCLE) ACCEPTABLE MEDIUM HIGH 0 = Weak environmental impact As at 31 December 2020. Excludes cash, Totals may not sum due to rounding. Excludes cash. Totals may not sum due to rounding. The chart above offers a view of the portfolio, first split by of our high resilience holdings have a G&S score of 1 (good). our holdings’ resilience score in the centre, and then further Again, this makes sense, as our strategy aims to invest in split by the G&S score around the outside. Three scores, underappreciated resilience. Many of these holdings may 2, 1 and 0 are highlighted around the chart. Our analysis achieve a higher G&S score over time, as we monitor the indicates only a small number of our holdings have a G&S fundamentals. We rate only a small minority of our holdings score of 2 – and they all currently have an overall score of as 0 (weak) for G&S. We invest in companies scoring 0 for high resilience. Intuitively this makes sense, as one would G&S in the expectation of either material improvement, or expect a strong focus on stewardship to result in industry because we expect these holdings to be a likely source of leading market positions and financial health. The majority funds, if other investment factors are not met.
Engagement Highlights 13 Engagement Highlights The Credit Team is responsible for analysing and, where practicable, engaging with the boards and management of companies we lend to, using a thorough and ongoing monitoring process, supported by our G&S Team. We have had many interesting engagements with companies on matters relating to governance, sustainability, and environmental impacts. These have helped to inform our investment views and we look forward to building on this over the course of 2021 and beyond. Below is a selection of the conversations we have been having. Sealed Air G&S Score 2 Sealed Air is a global manufacturer of packaging solutions that minimise food waste, maximise food safety and protect goods shipped around the world. Food care accounts SASB Issue Categories for 60 per cent of sales, with product care making up the remaining 40 per cent. Sealed Air operates in 48 countries, with distribution to 123 countries. During our research, we Environment GHG Emission found it difficult to quantify the transition risk to non-plastic packaging as governments Air Quality in various geographies were beginning to clamp down on the use of plastic. We engaged with the company to better understand how it was managing this transition and how Energy Management it expected to see this risk evolve. Through our engagement, we came to understand Water & Wastewater that Sealed Air works closely with associations, government bodies, and regulatory Management organisations to enhance the sustainability of plastics and stay ahead of upcoming Waste & Hazardous regulation. EU regulation is focused on circularity, thereby prioritising the recovery of Materials Management materials and putting them back into the network and not adding to the current waste problem. Sealed Air expects future plastic taxes to be based on weight of finished Social Capital Product Quality & Safety solution, so it is focusing on delivering fully recoverable lightweight solutions. It has set Human Capital a 2025 goal for 100 per cent of its products to be recyclable or recoverable. Business Model Product Design & & Innovation Lifecycle Management We will monitor Sealed Air’s progress against these targets as we believe achieving them will ensure minimal financial impact from increased regulation. Sealed Air faces Supply Chain a potential tax burden if taxation is based on recycled content rather than weight, so we Management will continue to monitor developments in the regulatory environment closely. Sealed Leadership & Air’s recent investment in Plastic Energy, a leader in chemical recovery for end-of- Governance life plastic waste, is a sign of its commitment to the circular economy. Management demonstrated passion and commitment for continuing the development of sustainable packaging solutions in line with all relevant environmental regulations, thereby further increasing our conviction in this business.
14 Engagement Highlights Darling Ingredients G&S Score 1 Darling Ingredients is a meat rendering business with increasing exposure to biofuel and renewable diesel. Rendering destroys pathogens that could be harmful to humans, SASB Issue Categories and it releases five-times less carbon into the atmosphere than other methods of disposing of animal waste. While this is a company that has diversification and Environment GHG Emissions sustainability at its core, we had some concerns regarding ESG disclosure, leading us Energy Management to engage with management. In our engagement, we emphasised the importance of increased disclosure on G&S metrics and full disclosure on carbon emission, given Water & Wastewater Management the nature of the business. Additionally, we voiced concerns about the company’s high health and safety incidents when compared to competitors. Social Capital Product Quality & Safety Following our initial engagement, management invited us to give feedback on a new ESG Human Capital Employee Health & Safety factsheet. Darling provided transparent scope 3 data that showed significant disclosure Business Model Supply Chain improvements. However, we encouraged management to include clear reduction targets & Innovation Management in future reporting. Management took on board our apprehension towards the lack of Materials Sourcing & sustainability reporting regarding the company’s biofuel and renewable diesel business. Efficiency We were also reassured to see health and safety training rolled out further and becoming a focus for the management team. Demonstrating its commitment, the board has introduced Leadership & Governance health and safety as a metric within executive pay. Both of our engagements with Darling helped us to understand which G&S risks it is treating as a priority. We will monitor the company’s progress towards releasing carbon reduction targets and also hope to see a continued reduction in health and safety incidents. Additionally, we are monitoring how Darling implements its new Supplier Code of Conduct and how it will engage with the supply chain around areas such as the environment, as well as labour and human rights standards. While there is still progress to be made, we do believe the company is on a positive trajectory in these areas and that there is an opportunity for us to continue to work with management in support of efforts to operate a sustainable business.
15 Digi Communications G&S Score 0 Digi Communications is a leading broadband, pay-TV and mobile services provider in Romania, and continues to invest significant capital in the country’s infrastructure, SASB Issue Categories driving socioeconomic empowerment and enabling people in economically disadvantaged areas to connect and communicate. The company has an outstanding Environment Energy Management competitive position in Romania and has strong growth potential as it expands in Europe. Social Capital Customer Privacy Digi Communications has a history of suspected bribery and corruption which Data Security raised concerns for the strength of its governance structures. Its reputation was not Human Capital significantly impacted by the controversies, as evidenced by customers remaining loyal to the business. Through our analysis, we did not believe its controversial Business Model Materials Sourcing past was financially material, however, in line with our stewardship principles, we & Innovation & Efficiency expect companies to act as responsible corporate citizens and adhere to the laws and Leadership & Competitive Behaviour regulations that govern them. Therefore, we engaged with Digi Communications Governance to challenge management on internal policies, gaining reassurance that there are Systemic Risk Management appropriate structures in place to minimise the likelihood of significant controversies arising in the future. With the help of third-party consultants, Digi Communications has implemented and/or amended various policies on code of conduct, whistleblowing, and conflict of interest, as well as anti-corruption, and anti-money laundering procedures. It has pushed out firmwide education on these matters. Following our engagements, we identified milestones that would help monitor Digi Communications’ governance and ensure there is no regulatory backlash or reputational damage from breaches of data privacy or internal governance programmes. We will continue to test our belief that the impact of business ethics penalties proves immaterial based on current market practices. We assigned the company a G&S score of zero, leading to a below-average position size. However, we feel confident that it is on an improving trajectory and we will monitor this closely.
16 Engagement Highlights © Francis Vachon / Alamy Stock Photo. Netflix G&S Score 1 As long-term bondholders of Netflix, we have witnessed its growth from a modest online DVD company to one of the world’s largest streaming services. We consider Netflix’s SASB Issue Categories continued move into international markets as a positive diversifier, thereby further protecting its long-term growth. Environment Energy Management Together with our equity colleagues, we engaged with Netflix to discuss its corporate Social Capital Customer Privacy governance structures. Netflix has a unique corporate governance structure which Data Security doesn’t conform to industry ‘best practices’. In recent years, Netflix has shunned Human Capital Employee Engagement, shareholders’ requests for changes to the company’s governance provisions and Diversity & Inclusion shareholder rights. It has not been obliged to action any of the proposals and its governance structure has remained constant. Business Model & Innovation Our engagement helped to give us confidence that the company’s governance is Leadership & Competitive Behaviour pragmatic and supportive of its long-term strategy. We feel comfortable that Netflix’s Governance board has the required skills and experience to continue to deliver its strategy in a thoughtful and deliberately different manner. Consistent with our equity colleagues, we believe Netflix has a differentiated business model and has demonstrated a strong long-term focus which warrants our trust and support. We will continue to monitor its governance practices and encourage timely evolution which is appropriate for the age, stage and operating environment of the business.
17 Travis Perkins G&S Score 1 Travis Perkins is the leading UK builders’ merchant for home improvements, and a key product supplier to the building and construction market. The group’s main activities are SASB Issue Categories the distribution and sale of a wide range of general building materials, timber, plumbing and heating products, as well as tool hire to professional builders, contractors, and the Environment Energy Management general public. We consider Travis Perkins to be a resilient business and are encouraged by its strategic vision ‘to deliver best-in-class service to trade customers’. Our G&S Social Capital Data Security analysis identified that the company’s supply chain has limited visibility, and also noted Human Capital Labour Practices an incident of forced labour in the UK. We engaged with management to understand the Employee Engagement company’s approach to G&S and discuss the key risks to which we believe the business Diversity & Inclusion is exposed. Over the course of the engagement, it became clear that sustainability is one of Travis Perkins’ top five priorities in its strategic restructure. Sustainability has gained Business Model Product Design & traction within the organisation over the past 12 months, with increased interest from & Innovation Lifecycle Management customers, investors, employees, management, and the board. Leadership & Governance Travis Parkins articulated the challenges and responses to the integration of diversity and inclusion, and enhancing supply chain mapping, emphasising that there is a long way to go, but with the current buy-in from all stakeholders, it is making meaningful progress on these issues. Travis Perkins operates in an industry that has not demonstrated a strong commitment to sustainability and lacks diversity. Travis Perkins is ambitious in its goals and is determined to not only be industry-leading but to also drive the industry towards positive change. Management show commitment and demonstrate an understanding of the significance of ESG risks, encouraging the rollout of initiatives such as net-zero carbon targets and supply chain mapping. Through our continued monitoring, we will have visibility of Travis Perkins’ expanding supply chain mapping, thus allowing us to monitor its responsible sourcing strategy and progress in contributing to the circular economy. The engagement helped to increase our understanding of Travis Perkins’ sustainability strategy, and we subsequently increased our conviction in the business.
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Summary 19 Summary Governance and sustainability issues have long influenced Baillie Gifford’s thinking on investments. As a firm, it is something that adds to our competitive edge and our reputation as responsible stewards of capital. Evaluating risk is at the heart of what the Credit Team does. Over many years, the team has integrated G&S risk and opportunity analysis into our investment cases. The team believes that weighting good governance and a sustainable approach equally with the durability of a company’s competitive position and the appropriateness of its capital structure helps to identify resilient businesses that should provide our clients with attractive returns through economic, industry and market cycles.
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