Global Programme Migration and Development - Strategic Framework 2018-2021
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Global Programme Migration and Development Strategic Framework 2018–2021
Executive summary
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Thanks to the concerted efforts of the Global
encapsulates a paradigm shift towards a universally Programme Migration and Development (GPMD)
shared responsibility for sustainable development through coordination with other parts of the
and inclusive growth. Migration has been explic- Federal Administration, Switzerland is well posi-
itly recognised by the international community as tioned to influence policies in multilateral, thematic
a transformative force to achieve the Sustainable processes and to address global challenges in global
Development Goals. As one of the defining phe- debates. This strategic framework considers migra-
nomena of our time, all actors have to address the tion in the broader sense, including labour migra-
challenges and opportunities of migration in a spirit tion as well as forced displacement, the focus being
of partnership across the globe. The 2030 Agenda on the development aspects of the different types
also highlights the fact that migrants may well find of migration. It provides strategic direction for the
themselves in situations of vulnerability and should GPMD and builds on the SDC’s work at the forefront
therefore always be considered in the spirit of the of innovative initiatives at all levels (global, regional,
overarching principle of leaving no one behind. national and local), so as to remain a key player for
The regional and global governance frameworks the Swiss foreign policy on migration.
on migration have been strengthened over the last
decades and this process will continue within and The strategic framework defines the GPMD’s
outside the United Nations. goals and mission as well as its core components
and working modalities. The GPMD contributes to
In recent years, circular migration, with people making migration of benefit to all: ensuring safe and
migrating with a specific time-bound objective in regular migration and improving framework condi-
mind, has become the predominant form of mobility tions to unlock migrants’ potential to contribute
in many regions of the world. South-South migra- to sustainable development and inclusive growth.
tion continues to be as relevant as South-North The different components – policy, operational
migration, however with a growing political inter- and knowledge – mutually reinforce each other
est from governments in the Global South to fur- and apply a holistic and integrated approach across
ther facilitate intra-regional mobility through free all levels (local to global) and actors. The strategy
movement frameworks. Beside its vast potential for combines the lessons identified from the previous
sustainable development, migration also has a dark framework with a focus on emerging issues in line
side, as is shown by the many deaths on migratory with the changing context. The GPMD will work in
routes and by human trafficking and exploitation. a complementary way with other Swiss actors and
Additionally, a growing number of people are dis- will link operational experience with global policy
placed by climate change. The ability to fully capture dialogue.
the potential of migration for sustainable develop-
ment depends largely on the framework conditions, Consequently, the target audiences of the present
including appropriate protection of the human strategic document are bilateral and global SDC
rights of migrants. A critical player in the future will programmes with migration linkages, Swiss federal
be cities. departments and agencies implementing the Swiss
foreign migration policy, and global migration play-
In the Swiss context, the interdepartmental coordi- ers such as NGOs and multilateral organisations.
nation of Swiss foreign migration policy (IMZ) was
critical in ensuring a coordinated and comprehensive This strategic framework is the product of an itera-
approach. This IMZ structure will also play a key role tive process, following a number of reviews, and of
in the implementation of the political mandate to broad consultation with the aforementioned par-
link, where appropriate, Swiss instruments of inter- ties, to whom the GPMD is grateful for their valu-
national cooperation with Swiss migration interests. able comments and suggestions.
3
4
Table of Contents
Executive summary 3
1 Context analysis 6
2 Results, lessons learnt and implications for the new strategy 8
3 Our commitment 9
4 How we act 16
5 Resources 19
Annex 1: Facts and figures 20
Annex 2: GPMD Results framework 2018–2021 22
Annex 3: Migration-references in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 24
Annex 4: Evaluation of the Global Programmes 27
Annex 5: Financial planning GPMD 2018–2021 29
Annex 6: Who we work with 30
Annex 7: Interdepartmental structure for international cooperation on migration (IMZ) 32
Annex 8: Regional consultative processes (RCP) 33
Annex 9: Migration and gender 36
Annex 10: Acronyms 37
Annex 11: Glossary 38
1 Context analysis
“Borders? I have never seen one.
But I have heard they exist
in the minds of some people.“
Thor Heyerdahl
A global engagement this new strategic framework, the international
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a community thus stands at a defining crossroads with
new social contract between people and their gov- far-reaching implications. Do we carry forward the
ernments. It also encapsulates a paradigm shift away spirit of the 2030 Agenda also in the field of migra-
from a misconception that development is about the tion or will unilateral forces prevail? Will we fall back
Global North assisting the Global South, towards a into unhelpful dichotomies between donor and
universally shared responsibility of sustainable devel- recipient, sending and host country, instead of shap-
opment. This means that all states are called upon ing the future on the principles of partnership and
equally to play their part in finding shared solu- cooperation amongst governments and between
tions to the world’s urgent challenges. Migration governments and non-governmental actors?
has been explicitly recognised as a transformative
force to achieve these goals. As one of the defin- In recent years circular migration, with people
ing phenomena of our time, we have to address the migrating with a specific time-bound objective in
challenges and opportunities of migration in a spirit mind, has become the predominant form of mobility
of partnership across the globe, acknowledging in many regions of the world. South-South migra-
the important contribution that migrants make for tion continues to be as relevant as South-North
sustainable development and inclusive growth. The migration, however with a growing political interest
2030 Agenda also highlights the fact that migrants by governments in the Global South to further facili-
may well find themselves in situations of vulnerabil- tate intra-regional mobility through free movement
ity and should therefore always be considered in frameworks. We have nonetheless also witnessed
the spirit of the overarching principle of leaving no the dark side of migration. Thousands of women,
one behind. This strategy considers migration in the men and children have died on their journeys, many
broader sense, including labour migration as well as while trying to cross the Mediterranean. Smuggling
forced displacement, the focus being on the devel- and trafficking have become one of the most lucra-
opment aspects of the different types of migration. tive businesses for organised crime. Millions have
been displaced as a result of persecution, armed
conflicts, violence or human rights violations – and
Important: millions are displaced within their own country.
All types of migration have an influence on Additionally, a growing number of people are dis-
societies and communities. Both migrants placed by climate change. While some progress was
and host communities have rights and made, there are still millions of migrant workers, in
obligations. Only by fulfilling the respective particular low-skilled ones, who are faced with egre-
obligations can migration become beneficial gious human rights violations, trapped in situations
for societies and communities. of forced labour.
The ability to fully capture the potential of migra-
Migration is, contrary to its nature of linking com- tion for sustainable development depends largely
munities, highly polarising and often divides socie- on the framework conditions, including appropriate
ties, people and states. The recent large movements protection of human rights of migrants. A critical
of refugees and migrants have furthermore proven player in the future will be cities. For the first time in
that states often have a tendency in situations of history, more people worldwide are living in urban
real or perceived crises to withdraw behind their areas. Migration (both from within the country and
own walls, to seek unilateral solutions instead of from abroad) is one of the main drivers of urbanisa-
cooperation and partnership. At the beginning of tion. This can create social tensions and put stress
6
on available infrastructure and resources. However, tutional architecture, at the Summit the accession
planned with foresight, the arrival of newcomers of the IOM to the UN family was finally formalised.
can create economic, social and cultural benefits.
Cities are setting the tone with regard to social inte- The Swiss context
gration and economic inclusion and should hence Two elements are of particular importance in the
be empowered to fulfil this critical task with the nec- Swiss context when looking into the future. Firstly,
essary resources. the interdepartmental coordination of the Swiss for-
eign migration policy (IMZ) was critical in ensuring
The Global Compact for Migration (GCM) and the a coordinated and comprehensive approach. The
Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) will provide adaptation of the structure, following an external
the framework and instruments to implement the evaluation, has further strengthened the mechanism
migration-relevant aspects of the 2030 Agenda, and its political direction. Secondly, the IMZ struc-
with the GCR focusing mainly on safeguarding the ture will also play a pinnacle role in the implementa-
1951 Convention on Refugees. The GCM can be tion of the political mandate to link, where appropri-
seen as the result of important developments in the ate, Swiss instruments of international cooperation
global architecture on migration to which the Global with Swiss migration interests. This mandate was
Programme Migration and Development (GPMD), given by Parliament during the consultations on the
and Switzerland in general, have contributed sub- Federal Council Dispatch on Switzerland’s Interna-
stantially at different levels. The two compacts are tional Cooperation for 2017–2020. The GPMD has
mainly based on the recommendations of the report taken the lead with the participation of other rel-
of the Global Commission on International Migra- evant actors in the Federal Administration, including
tion, presented in 20051. The Global Forum on the HSD, SECO and SEM, to define the framework
Migration and Development (GFMD), for example, to fulfil this mandate.
can look back at ten years of dialogue and collec-
tion of evidence, good practices and policies. Two Against this backdrop, the GPMD will continue its
UN High-Level Dialogues on International Migra- work at the forefront of innovative initiatives at all
tion and Development (UNHLD) have taken place, levels (global, regional, national and local) and will
including the adoption of the UNHLD Declaration remain a key player for the Swiss foreign policy on
in 2013. Furthermore, it was decided to organise migration. The GPMD has the ambition to lead with
the next UNHLD in 2019 and to hold subsequent evidence, to use opportunities in a flexible manner
UNHLDs every fourth UN General Assembly session. and to advocate for migration that benefits all.
Lastly, in 2016, in response to the large movements
of refugees and migrants highlighted above, a UN See graphics “Migration in the Agenda 2030
Summit was organised which led to the decision to for Sustainable Development” and “Swiss Foreign
establish the two global compacts. In terms of insti- Migration Policy” on page 14 and 15.
Migration in the Goal and target framework
QUALITY GENDER DECENT WORK AND REDUCED PEACE, JUSTICE PARTNERSHIPS
Specific references
EDUCATION EQUALITY ECONOMIC GROWTH INEQUALITIES AND STRONG FOR THE GOALS
INSTITUTIONS
4.b: SCHOLARSHIPS 5.2: TRAFFICKING 8.7: TRAFFICKING 10.7: WELL-MANAGED 16.2: TRAFFICKING 17.16: GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP
(STUDENT MOBILITY) (FOCUS ON 8.8: MIGRANT MIGRATION POLICIES 17.17: PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND
WOMEN AND WORKER RIGHTS 10.c: REMITTANCES CS PARTNERSHIPS
GIRLS) (ESPECIALLY 17.18: DATA DISAGGREGATION
WOMEN (INCLUDING BY MIGRATORY
MIGRANTS) STATUS)
NO GOOD HEALTH SUSTAINABLE CITIES CLIMATE
Other entry points
POVERTY AND WELL-BEING AND COMMUNITIES ACTION
1.5: RESILIENCE TO 3.8: ACHIEVING 11.B: CITIES IMPLEMENTING 13.1-3: RESILIENCE
CLIMATE EVENTS UNIVERSAL HEALTH INTEGRATED POLICIES TO CLIMATE
AND COVERAGE HAZARDS AND
SOCIOECONOMIC NATURAL
SHOCKS DISASTERS
Graph 1: Migration in the 2030 Agenda across different targets (IOM, 2017)
1 Report of the Global Commission on Interna-
tional Migration: “Migration in an interconnected
world: new directions for action”.
7
2 Results, lessons learnt and
implications for the new strategy
“When you lose, don’t lose the lesson.“
Dalai Lama
The GPMD and its strategy have been the subject of In 2016, budget cuts within the Federal Administra-
a number of reviews. In 2015, the five Global Pro- tion called for a review of the entire global coop-
grammes of the Swiss Agency for Development and eration portfolio. For the GPMD, the exercise mainly
Cooperation (SDC) were evaluated externally. The confirmed the current strategy but stipulated also
findings encourage the SDC to continue and further to concentrate the operational portfolio on thematic
strengthen the approach of the Global Programmes. programmes, while supporting other SDC divisions
Main recommendations include the acknowledge- with expertise on migration and development, as
ment that Switzerland is now better positioned to the topic is increasingly part of national strategies.
influence policies in multilateral, thematic processes It is fair to say that the GPMD has had a major influ-
and to address global challenges in global debates ence on the current migration and development
thanks to the Global Programmes’ concerted efforts, debate in Switzerland, but also at the regional and
including through coordination with other parts of global levels: the progress within the GFMD, the
the Federal Administration. Additionally, Global Pro- declaration of the High-Level Dialogue on Interna-
grammes are seen as an example of Switzerland’s tional Migration and Development in 2013 and the
‘smart’ diplomacy, taking calculated risks in terms 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This
of new partnerships and thematically controversial influence is based on a continuous development of
topics. The evaluation recommended that Global the operational portfolio, whereby key elements and
Programmes should increasingly focus on thematic innovative approaches have been developed, tested,
programmes implemented in specific contexts, tak- adapted and transformed into meaningful messages
ing advantage of their possibility to link corridors and recommendations.
and regional approaches on the basis of specific
contexts. Main findings and lessons drawn from the last GPMD
Strategy 2013–2017 can be found in Annex 4. They
mainly highlight Switzerland’s evidence-based lead-
ership on migration and development from opera-
tional to policy levels. They also comment on Swit-
zerland’s partnership approach, which is based on
mutual trust and a multi-stakeholder engagement,
including working with the private sector. The pro-
grammatic approach and an understanding of the
context and flexible reaction to it are seen as posi-
tive factors for the achievements of the programme.
Migrant workers in Qatar
8
3 Our commitment
“Life is a bridge: pass over it,
but build no houses upon it.“
Fatehpur Sikri inscription, India
Migration is inevitably interlinked with sustainable This positive impact of migration on sustainable
development 2, which bears considerable relevance development, however, strongly depends on the
at all stages of the migration cycle. Migrants con- framework conditions for migrants and their families
tribute to the social and economic development in the country of origin and the country of residence.
of their countries of destination, where they often
constitute an important share of the workforce. The three components outlined in this strategy seek
Countries of origin – and in particular migrant to strengthen framework conditions such as, for
workers and their families3 – benefit from remit- example, policy and implementation frameworks
tances, skills transfers, and increased trade as a at all levels, capacities and attitudes of stakehold-
result of closer linkages. A huge majority of the ers (governments, civil society, academia and private
world’s 258 million international migrants are sector), coordination and coherence between stake-
migrant workers and their families , 48% of them holders and sectors as well as research, knowledge
female. However, institutional and legal frame- and networking.
works, as well as the implementation of the latter,
are not always sufficient to protect their human
rights – and most importantly the rights of those
in vulnerable situations – and to harness the full
potential of migration and migrants to contribute
to sustainable development.
The complexity of migration – a multidimensional topic:
The following four points are an attempt to summarise the complexity of migration, calling for a
holistic approach and understanding. They are the guiding principles of the whole-of-government
approach to linking migration and broader international cooperation efforts:
Key principles pursued in this discussion include:
1. Persons in vulnerable situations outside their home region need adequate protection.
2. Sustainable economic development in a globalised and interdependent world needs mobile
and flexible labour forces.
3. Only long-term programmes with a holistic approach are able to successfully tackle the
issue of the root causes of forced migration (due to e.g. natural disasters, climate change,
armed conflicts)
4. Global, regional and national migration policies need well-functioning governance
structures.
2 These positive aspects of migration can be observed in all
migrant communities regardless of their legal status: refugee
groups, labour migrants, family members and migrants with
irregular status contribute to the economic development and
often fill gaps in an informal labour market.
3 UNDESA 2017
9
Sri Lanka – Information event for people who stayed behind
Impact hypothesis Objectives and strategic components
Coherent migration and development governance, Three strategic components with respective out-
based on inter-sectoral cooperation at all levels, comes guide the GPMD’s engagement during the
favourable framework conditions for migrants, their implementation of this strategy.
families and host communities, adequate protection
schemes and access to services are required to facili- The different components – policy, operational and
tate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration knowledge – mutually reinforce each other and
for sustainable development and inclusive growth. apply a holistic and integrated approach across all
levels (local to global) and actors. The GPMD will
Overall goal work in a complementary way with other Swiss
The GPMD contributes to making migration of ben- actors and will link operational experience with
efit to all, ensuring safe and regular migration and global policy dialogue.
improving framework conditions to unlock migrants’
potential to contribute to sustainable development This strategy combines the lessons learnt from the
and inclusive growth. previous phase with a focus on emerging issues in
line with the changing context (e.g. forced displace-
ment, migration and skills development, urbanisa-
tion). As such, the new strategy seeks to strengthen
the humanitarian-development nexus by tackling
development aspects in forced displacement and
One goal – three components: mixed migration contexts.
•• Shaping the migration and development
governance and architecture Throughout the strategy, the gender-specific needs
•• Enabling framework conditions along and vulnerabilities of women, girls, men and boys
the migration cycle and in all contexts are taken into account and are addressed according-
•• Knowledge, expertise and collaboration ly, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals
for migration and development. (SDGs), particularly (but not exclusively) focusing on
SDG 5 and SDG 8. Additionally, the particular con-
cerns of migrant minors (children/youth) will be con-
sidered, as appropriate, with specific responses and
policies supported on the basis of past experiences
and upcoming needs.
10Strategic component 1 – Shaping coherent migration and development governance at all levels (global, regional, national and local)
Outcome 1.1: The notion of migration being a factor for sustainable development has reached the global political agenda
Migration and development and is anchored in the Sustainable Development Goals. The GCM is expected to provide the framework for
governance at all levels the implementation of the SDGs relevant to migration, and new actors are entering the dialogue process.
is fit to implement the This includes urban actors and the private sector, broadening the base of involved stakeholders and trig-
migration-relevant aspects gering the forging of new partnerships. Switzerland has played a pivotal role in the process, leading several
of the 2030 Agenda international initiatives, substantiating the dialogue with experience from the field and strategically support-
ing and partnering with key actors. The GPMD’s continued engagement aims to render global migration and
development governance fit to implement an effective and inclusive agenda that integrates development and
protects the human rights of migrants at local, national, regional and global levels.
A particular focus lies on policy dialogue and processes, strengthening the coherence of migration and
development policies with the principle of leaving no one behind and working towards the paradigm shift in
recognising the role of cities and municipal authorities in shaping local and national sustainable development
and migration governance. In addition, the private sector has been included in global discussions, particularly
through the establishment of the WEF Business Mechanism on Migration, which was driven by Switzerland.
Outcome 1.2: In line with fostering inclusive and coherent development and migration policies with the involvement of
Coherent strategies are civil society and other relevant stakeholders in partner countries, the GPMD contributes to coherence and
coordinated and imple- coordination among the involved actors in Switzerland, i.e. among the relevant Federal Administration actors
mented among Swiss actors through the interdepartmental coordination structure IMZ, and with the Swiss civil society active in the field
including government and of migration and development, through a more structured involvement as part of a Swiss civil society plat-
other relevant stakeholders form on migration and development. Switzerland has a long-standing tradition of involving its civil society in
relevant debates. The Swiss civil society bodies working on migration and development – with their multifac-
eted role as migrants’ interlocutors and major project implementers – can contribute significantly to shaping
appropriate migration and development policies and assess their relevance and sustainability.
The interdepartmental coordination structure IMZ allows for an improved coherence within the Swiss foreign
migration policy with a multi-layered arrangement, both including technical discussions and more strategic
decisions. The GPMD contributes to this approach to ensure that the further development and implementa-
tion of the Swiss foreign migration policy takes into account the development dimension of migration and
that the linkages between international cooperation and Swiss migration policy are established, where
applicable. Under the lead of the GPMD, a conceptual framework was developed with all inter-departmental
actors; the coming years will show the potential as well as the limits of this mandate.
Nepal – Project to include migrants into local tourism development
11Strategic component 2 – Enabling framework conditions along the migration cycle and in all contexts
In the context of labour migration, migrant workers – in particular low-skilled men and women – are often not sufficiently protected by legal
frameworks, and existing laws and regulations are not consistently implemented, leaving them vulnerable to exploitation, discrimination, rights
violations and abuse.
Under this strategic component, the GPMD’s programmes are supporting safe and regular migration, decent working and living conditions along
the migration cycle, recognising the migrants as actors for sustainable development. Forcibly displaced persons often enter the labour market for
similar reasons as migrant workers and face the same challenges with regard to exploitative conditions. A comprehensive approach that takes
into account the situation of all groups will be applied in forced displacement contexts.
This strategic component generates the experience and evidence from operational programmes with a broad range of partners (government
partners, civil society, UN and international organisations, academia and local communities), allowing to shape and influence policy dialogue and
migration governance at all levels addressed under the first strategic component.
Outcome 2.1: In line with the targets set in the 2030 Agenda, Switzerland and its partners will continue to advocate for
Safe and regular migration safe and regular migration along key labour migration corridors from a thematic perspective. In order to do
and migrants’ contribution so, different issues along the migration cycle (or across a ‘migration corridor’) need to be addressed simulta-
to development along the neously, including fair and ethical recruitment; skills development, matching and recognition; pre-departure
migration cycle and pre-employment orientation; working and living conditions; access to justice and other services; and
freedom to associate and assemble. Target groups include the migrants themselves, their communities of
origin (‘the stay behinds’) and host communities. A comprehensive and multisectoral approach will be impor-
tant to ensure that the local, national and regional levels benefit from each other to ensure achievement of
this outcome. Partnerships with all relevant stakeholders are key, including with the private sector, which is
an important actor from recruitment to working conditions etc. Experiences from concrete programmes have
confirmed the importance of relying on supply-chain-driven fair recruitment practices for further scale-up.
Outcome 2.2: Over recent decades, policymakers from both countries of origin and destination, as well as development
Framework conditions partners working on migration and development, have started looking at diasporas as actors with the
are enabling migrants’ potential to contribute to sustainable development. Initially mainly focusing on financial remittances, policy
engagement in countries of interest increasingly included the potential impact which diasporas have on facilitating trade and investment
origin and destination, thus as well as on transferring knowledge and skills. This led to the establishment of ministries or state agencies
contributing to sustainable for diaspora communities or individuals in various countries, aimed at mobilising ‘their’ diaspora for develop-
development ment purposes. Diaspora-related policies have seen a considerable expansion, e.g. at the crossroads between
international cooperation and integration and also as part of efforts to mainstream migration into develop-
ment planning. Additionally, individual diaspora organisations and broader diaspora platforms (geographically
bound or thematic) continued to position themselves both to be part of the broader sustainable development
discussion at policy level as well as with concrete activities in support of their communities in the country of
origin and destination.
In this context, the key for successful engagement of the diaspora in the sustainable development of the
country of origin and fruitful collaboration with the different actors very much depends on the framework
conditions available (administrative barriers in the country of origin, government policy and outreach to its
diaspora, remittances costs and technical conditions etc.).
On the basis of its lessons learned and in line with its mandate, the GPMD will continue to support the
strengthening of the policy framework in this context, the diaspora platforms engaged at the operational
level as well as the policy dialogue level in contexts where Switzerland has a general engagement.
Outcome 2.3: The distinction between labour migrants and people who have been forcibly displaced has become increas-
Development solutions to ingly blurred, and clear distinctions are hard to discern in many contexts, particularly in mixed migration
forced displacement are contexts; often migrants and forcibly displaced persons face similar challenges on the labour market as well
designed with a migration as with regard to broader development-related issues. What has thus become evident is the fact that all
and development perspec- types of migration need to be looked at from a sustainable development perspective, in addition to address-
tive: ing humanitarian needs. Switzerland is therefore committed to focusing on the three areas of prevention,
protection and self-reliance when dealing with forced displacement. In conjunction and complementarity with
other Swiss actors, the GPMD is committed to focusing broadly on the aspect of self-reliance, in line with the
migration-relevant aspects of the 2030 Agenda, and to integrating this notion into its policy discussions and
programmes where appropriate. In the Middle East, the programme has been adjusted to be in line with the
mixed migration context in synergy and complementarity with Swiss Humanitarian Aid.
This outcome therefore has two prongs: a) the conceptual work on a still relatively new topic such as tackling
forced displacement from a development perspective with participation in policy discussions and technical
support alongside other actors, and b) the integration of the issue in operational programmes in order to
showcase and further improve the concept.
12Strategic component 3 – Knowledge, expertise and collaboration for migration and development
Outcome 3.1: Knowledge and networks are the cornerstones for both the policy and the operational components of this
Experiences, evidence and strategy. Existing knowledge will continue to be disseminated, and the generation of evidence on migration
research on migration and and development-related topics will be supported. In line with the SDGs, a strong focus will be on multi-
development are gener- sectoral approaches and understanding the link between migration and different development sectors.
ated, collected and shared, The GPMD’s connections and outreach to the respective partners, both within and outside the Federal
including in collaboration Administration, will be steered and built upon strategically. The collaboration with other Global Programmes
with SDC Networks and and thematic networks within the SDC will play an important role in this endeavour where applicable.
Global Programmes
Outcome 3.2: As the competence centre on migration and development within the SDC, the GPMD will continue to use its
The migration and devel- positioning, know-how and strategic partnerships to provide and broker expertise to other divisions within
opment expertise and the SDC and to interested partners in general. Based on the Dispatch on Switzerland’s International Coopera-
integration within the SDC tion for 2017–2020, divisions of the SDC’s South Cooperation Department will increasingly include the topic
is strengthened through of migration in their country and regional strategies. The GPMD will provide expertise upon request.
GPMD expertise Collaboration with other thematic areas within the SDC will continue to be sought, including through the
SDC Migration Network as well as with other Global Programmes.
Saving lives Giving perspec0ves
Long term
Coopera0on
Protec0on
Self-Reliance
Short term Preven0on
interven0ons
Graph 2: Coherence between short and long-term programmes, SDC
The SDC Migration Network is hosted by the GPMD as an instrument to facilitate knowledge management
through the connection of all relevant stakeholders working on the topic. As such, the Network provides the
platform for exchange and interlinking with ongoing programmes and dialogues at local, national, regional
and global levels. Its members work with the Federal Administration, partner governments, international and
UN organisations, civil society, the private sector and academia.
See graphic “SDC Network on Migration & Development” on page 18
Links with other SDC thematic networks and Global Programmes are made where relevant, such as the Multi-
network Learning Journey on the nexus between migration, climate change, food security and urbanisation
started in 2017. Additionally, migration-relevant aspects of the 2030 Agenda as well as evidence from opera-
tional activities call for strengthened collaboration on issues related to migration (e.g. health, gender, skills
development). Priorities will be set to achieve the required focus in line with identified needs and opportuni-
ties.
13Migration in the 2030
2030 Agenda
Agenda
for Sustainable Development
Development
Implementing Actors
Implementing Actors in
in Switzerland
Switzerland
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14
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9
14Swiss Foreign Migration Policy
Actors & Cooperation – The Interdepartmental Coordination Structure IMZ
StS SEM
IMZ Chair SDC
Management
StS EDA
StS SECO
IMZ Board
Ambassador
SEM
Ambassador
FDFA
SEM
Europe
SEM
SEM
HSD
North Africa
Nigeria
International
SDC
Dialog on HSD
Migration
Middle East Horn of
SDC
Africa
SDC
Strategic Link
FOPH International
Cooperation – West Africa
Health Migration SDC
Diaspora
SEM
SEM
Sri Lanka Western
IMZ Working Groups Balkans
EAER Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research FDHA Federal Department of Home Affairs
SECO State Secretariat for Economic Affairs FOPH Federal Office of Public Health
FDFA Federal Department of Foreign Affairs FDJP Federal Department of Justice and Police
SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SEM State Secretariat for Migration
Humanitarian Aid FEDPOL Federal Office of Police
Cooperation with Eastern Europe
South Cooperation Department
Global Cooperation FDF Federal Department of Finance
HSD Human Security Division SBG Swiss Border Guard
DP Directorate of Political Affairs 154 How we act
“Progress is impossible without change,
and those who cannot change their minds
cannot change anything.“
George Bernard Shaw
4.1 Instruments experience with policy dialogue at different levels.
In line with the Global Programmes’ mandate, three Pilot initiatives provide an important way to test new
instruments are applied towards achieving the approaches and validate their outcomes for upscal-
strategic and operational objectives set out in this ing.
strategy, applied in a thematic logic and taking into
account specific contexts: Knowledge management: The support of knowl-
edge creation and sharing through expertise, plat-
International policy and norm setting: The 2030 forms and networks is key to providing the required
Agenda for Sustainable Development provides the narrative, evidence and networks for efficient policy
necessary framework to improve the global govern- dialogue at all levels and to steer operational pro-
ance of international migration. Its acknowledge- grammes. At the same time, it allows us to capture
ment of migrants’ contribution to development and experience from operational programmes and facili-
its call to facilitate safe and regular migration mark a tate the linkages between local, national, regional
change of paradigm, which began with the report of and global discussions and realities.
the Global Commission on International Migration
in 2005. Based on the 2030 Agenda and the GCM, These instruments strive to enhance the linkages
the GPMD will continue to work with partners at between operational programmes to provide expe-
all levels (including global, regional and national dia- rience for policy discussions. Knowledge man-
logue) to strengthen the policies in view of achieving agement thus plays a key role in this effort. Con-
the migration-related SDGs. crete programmes implemented by the SDC (both
through Global Programmes and bilateral coopera-
Innovation with thematic focus: Innovation tion) therefore deliver the required inputs; in turn,
remains key for the GPMD in its mandate to spear- feedback from the policy dialogue is brought back
head new initiatives and topics, and to support scal- into the national operational programmes. Close
able solutions, respond to upcoming opportunities collaboration is maintained between the relevant
in a changing context to ultimately link operational actors.
Migrant worker in Qatar
164.2 Management and implementation
This strategy will be managed and implemented by
the GPMD in Bern, its regional advisers and local
staff in the field, in close collaboration with the
Swiss embassies and cooperation offices, as well as
with relevant SDC divisions and Federal Administra-
tion partners in general. It will support the linkages
between national realities, regional dialogues and
global processes with a view to maintaining a strong
comprehensive approach in the spirit of a whole-of-
government approach and in line with its core man-
date as a Global Programme. Complementarity with
thematic and geographic strategies will be fostered
and synergies maximised, particularly in view of the
current dispatch for an increased focus on migra-
tion (along with other global themes) in national
cooperation strategies. The geographic focus of the Nepal –Vocational training to increase life skills and
Global Programmes’ thematic programmes will be professional competence
based on the relevance of the global and regional
discussions as well as Switzerland’s engagement as 4.3 Monitoring, evaluation and steering
a whole. Monitoring and evaluation of the GPMD strategy is
carried out at three levels:
1. Context (thematic and policy): annual monitor-
Na0onal & ing and reporting as part of the annual report-
local level Global & ing and planning cycle.
regional level
2. Results framework: standard processes
including annual review and planning, mid-term
Policy Dialogue evaluation; programme-level monitoring,
evaluation and steering.
Bilateral Global Pilot 3. Programmes: continuous monitoring and
Coopera0on Coopera0on projects
Longterm evaluation as part of the PCM with a focus on
experiences results-based management and policy influ-
Opera0onal experiences encing. GPMD staff and migration network
members will participate in evaluations of the
programme where applicable. Learning from
the programmatic level will feed back into the
Graph 3: Linking policy dialogue with operational programmes, SDC implementation and steering of the strategy.
17Practitioners
Our network connects
practitioners to
Policy Makers promote learning and
exchange on migration
& development
Global & Local
MEMBERS
WE ARE:
Sounding Swiss Externals
Board Administration (Partners, stakeholders, etc.)
TOGETHER WE DO:
e-newsletters f2f events contributions e-discussions member space public shareweb webinars
AIMING AT:
enhancing sharing of experiences generating integrating migration shaping migration into global
amongst members knowledge into SDC programmes policies and strategies
18
www.shareweb.ch/site/migration
February 2018 - Design by Shareweb Facilitator (Cesar Robles, sdcmigrationnetwork@helvetas.or5 Resources
The GPMD’s indicative overall annual budget for the previous strategy, the engagement of the GPMD in
period 2018 to 2021 is projected to grow gradually the global dialogue on migration and development
from CHF 17 million in 2018 to CHF 21 million in will be concentrated on global and regional process-
2021. It should be noted that funds required per es1, with a flexibility to support or initiate additional
programme are not proportional to the human activities with a potential to impact the global dia-
resources invested; some of the activities will in fact logue. With an increased operational engagement
require limited project funds, while human resourc- of the traditional bilateral cooperation of the SDC in
es invested and expertise are high. The major part the field of migration2, the role of the GPMD in the
of the budget will be spent in the field of labour field of policy influencing is strengthened. Conse-
migration, with programmes covering the different quently, expertise will be offered on specific topics
corridors between sending and receiving countries like migration and health, migration and skills devel-
in Asia, the Middle East and Africa. Other topics, opment and – most importantly and globally on the
such as migrants’ contributions to development, will rise – forced displacement and development.
be implemented through networks, platforms and
other exchange mechanisms. The upcoming new
topic of urban migration is based on experiences in
the field of local migration (from the Joint Migration
1 GFMD and GCM resp. Colombo Process, Abu Dhabi Dialogue,
and Development Initiative JMDI) and will see an
ECOWAS, and IGAD
important partnership with Cities Alliance. As in the 2 Nepal, Bangladesh, North Africa etc.
Sri Lanka – Councelling for future domestic workers abroad
19Annex 1:
Facts and figures
Migration on a global level Remittances figures represent a stable and grow-
The number of international migrants amounts to ing source of finance and nearly three times the
an estimated 258 million persons (UN DESA 2018). amount of official development assistance
(ODA) flows to developing countries (UN DESA
An unprecedented 65.6 million people around the 2018).
world have been forced from home. Among them
are nearly 22.5 million refugees. The majority of
forcibly displaced persons live in their home country
or home region (UNHCR 2018).
Over recent years, remittance flows – funds sent
by people living and working abroad to their home
countries – have been increasing rapidly. In 2017,
remittance flows to LMICs are projected to reach
2 M2I G R AT I O NUSD
MAI G
NRDAT
RE
450IO
MNI TA
TANN
D CREWorldwide,
billion. ESM
: IRTETA
C ENNCTEremittance
SD: ERVEECL E
ONPT
Mflows
E
DNEV
TSE LAONPD
MEON
UTTSL O
AONK
D OUTLOOK
reached USD 596 billion (World Bank, KNOMAD
2017).
FIGURE 1.1. FIGURE 1.1. Flows
Remittance Remittance
to Developing
Flows toCountries
Developing
AreCountries
Larger Than
Are Official
Larger Than
Development
Official Development
Assistance and
Assistance and
More Stable Than
MorePrivate Capital
Stable Than FlowsCapital Flows
Private
800 ($ billion)800 ($ billion)
FDI FDI
700 700
600 600
500 500
Remittances Remittances
400 400
300 300 Private debt Private debt
& portfolio & portfolio
equity equity
200 200
100 100 ODA ODA
0 0
90
91
92
93
11994
9990
5
1
11996
9992
7
3
11998
94
12999
095
12900
096
12901
097
12902
098
12903
0909
4
0
22005
001
6
2
22007
003
22008
004
22009
005
22010
006
22011
007
22012
0018
3
9
22014
010
2020 5
1611
22001e
172
22001 f
3
2018f
14
20 5
20 e
20 f
f
17
18
11999
11999
9
22000
0
22000
22000
1
1
16
19
19
19
19
19
20
Sources: World Bank
Sources:
staff World
estimates;
BankWorld
staff estimates;
Development
World
Indicators.
Development
See annex
Indicators.
A for data
See annex
and forecast
A for data
methods.
and forecast
Note: FDI=foreign
methods. Note:
direct
FDI=foreign direct
investment; ODA=official
investment;
development
ODA=official
assistance.
development assistance.
TABLE 1.1. Estimates
TABLE4:1.1.
Graph andEstimates
Projections
Migration and andfor
Projections
Remittance
Remittances, forFlows
Remittance
to Developing
Flows to2017
Worldbankgroup/KNOMAD Country
Developing
Regions
Country Regions
Region Region 2010 2013
2010 2014
2013 2015
2014 2016e
2015 2017f
2016e 2018f
2017f 2018f
($ billions) ($ billions)
Developing countries
Developing countries 340.3 426.4
340.3 444.3
426.4 439.8
444.3 429.3
439.8 443.6
429.3 459.1
443.6 459.1
20
East Asia and Pacific
East Asia and Pacific 94.9 114.3
94.9 122.7
114.3 127.3
122.7 125.8
127.3 129.0
125.8 132.7
129.0 132.7
Europe and Central
EuropeAsia
and Central Asia 37.8 54.6
37.8 51.7
54.6 40.3
51.7 38.4
40.3 41.0
38.4 43.6
41.0 43.6Switzerland – A country of emigration The most frequent countries of origin for foreign-
and immigration ers in Switzerland in 2017 were Italy, Germany,
Between 1850 and 1914, some 400,000 Swiss citi- Portugal, France, Kosovo and Spain. In 2017,
zens left the country because of poverty. Most of 70% of the permanent foreign resident population
them set off for America, where they founded colo- came from the EU-28/EFTA states (Foreign Popula-
nies or served as mercenaries in foreing armies (SRF tion Statistics 2017).
2014)1.
18,088 asylum applications were filed in Switzerland
Industrialisation created thousands of new jobs. In in 2017. Most asylum seekers in Switzerland came
1890, more immigrants than emigrants were count- from Eritrea, Syria, Afghanistan, Turkey, Soma-
ed in Switzerland for the first time (Migration Report lia and Sri Lanka (SEM Asylum Statistics 2017).
SEM).
78% of immigrants came to Switzerland in 2017 to
At the end of 2017, 2,053,589 foreigners were liv- take up employment (47%) or to join their families
ing in Switzerland. At the same time, only 121,402 (31%). This also includes family reunification from
asylum seekers were living in Switzerland (Foreign abroad by Swiss nationals (Foreign Population Sta-
Population Statistics 2017). tistics 2017).
Around 11% of the Swiss population lived abroad at
the end of 2017. Of these 751,800 Swiss nationals
living abroad, around 62% live in Europe (FDFA
Statistics on the Swiss Abroad).
Senegal, border with Gambia – Community project:
soap manufacturing
1 https://www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/eine-geschichte-der-zu-und-
auswanderungAnnex 2:
GPMD Results framework 2018–2021
Overall goal of the Global Programme
Contribute to safe and regular migration and unlock migrants’ potential to contribute to sustainable development and inclusive
growth through improved framework conditions.
Strategic Component 1: Shaping coherent migration and development governance at all levels
Impact Hypothesis: A strengthened institutional architecture, coordinated frameworks and the acknowledgement of migration in sustainable
development is a prerequisite for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda in an inclusive manner and by protecting the human rights of migrants.
Indicators
ARI: international norms, global policies and political processes developed
in the field of migration and development
Outcome 1.1: • Evidence that the global governance structure on migration and
The migration and development governance at all levels is fit to development is strengthened thus is facilitating the implementation of
implement the migration relevant aspects of the 2030 Agenda for migration relevant aspects in the 2030 Agenda.
Sustainable Development, ensuring inclusiveness and protecting • Initiatives to support capacities of regional processes to facilitate the
the human rights of migrants. national implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development
• Evidence of migration being integrated in sectorial development plans
at national and local level
• Fora and initiatives supported to enhance the inclusion of cities in
migration related policies and their implementation
Outcome 1.2: • Fora and initiatives in Switzerland supported aiming at strengthening
Coherent strategies on migration and development are coordinat- coherence in the field of migration from a development perspective
ed and implemented among Swiss actors including governmental • Evidence of initiatives pursued by the Swiss Civil society platform on
and all other relevant stakeholders. M&D
• Public awareness events on migration and development organised/
supported
Strategic Component 2: Enabling framework conditions along the migration cycle and in all contexts
Impact Hypothesis: Enabling framework conditions along the migration cycle (country of origin, transit and destination) as a result of collabo-
ration with stakeholders (governments, NGOs, UN/IO, research) lead to safer and regular migration, decent working and living conditions and
coherent labour migration policies, thus unlocking the potential of migration to contribute to sustainable development.
Indicators
Outcome 2.1 • Initiatives supported to strengthen information about rights and duties
Progress is made towards safe and regular migration, decent work with regards to labour migration targeting governments, employers
and improved living conditions along the migration cycle as part of and migrants
a comprehensive approach. • Initiatives supported to improve legislation and its implementation to
protect migrant rights along the migration corridor
• Evidence of increased awareness and communication about safe and
regular migration through GPMD support
Outcome 2.2 • Initiatives supported to enhance framework conditions for diaspora
Framework conditions are fit to support diaspora engagement in engagement in countries of origin
countries of origin and destination, thus contributing to sustainable • Evidence of diaspora involvement at policy level discussions
development. • Initiatives fostering diaspora coordination and exchange through
platforms and networks
Outcome 2.3 • Evidence of support towards conceptual and policy discussion on
Development solutions to forced displacement are designed with how to deal with mixed migration flows from a development
a migration and development perspective: A contribution towards perspective
bridging the gap between humanitarian assistance and develop- • Initiatives (mainly pilot character) addressing aspects of forced
ment oriented solutions in forced displacement situations linking displacement from a migration and development perspective
concrete experiences and policy discussions. supported
22Strategic Component 3: Knowledge, expertise and collaboration
Impact Hypothesis: As the competence center on migration and development, GPMD initiates and supports activities to create evidence, to share
experiences and to use synergies and advises interested actors inside and outside SDC on the state of the art in the field migration and development.
Indicators
Outcome 3.1 • Initiatives supported in view of strengthening migration relevant
Experiences, evidence and research on migration and development data gathering and generation of evidence (focus on gender
is generated, collected and shared, including in collaboration with disaggregation and specificities)
SDC Networks and Global Programmes. • SDG 17
• Evidence of initiatives and activities carried out with SDC thematic
networks and Global Programmes
• Network activities organized fostering collaboration and sharing of
experience
Outcome 3.2 • Evidence of GPMD expertise provided to SDC strategies, processes,
Expertise on migration and development are provided / brokered, initiatives and programme
including for the integration with other sectors (e.g. health, trade,
skills development etc.).
23Annex 3:
Migration-references in the 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development
Migration in the declaration 27. We will seek to build strong economic founda-
14. We are meeting at a time of immense challenges tions for all our countries. Sustained, inclusive and
to sustainable development. Billions of our citizens sustainable economic growth is essential for pros-
continue to live in poverty and are denied a life of dig- perity. This will only be possible if wealth is shared
nity. There are rising inequalities within and among and income inequality is addressed. We will work to
countries. There are enormous disparities of oppor- build dynamic, sustainable, innovative and people-
tunity, wealth and power. Gender inequality remains centred economies, promoting youth employment
a key challenge. Unemployment, particularly youth and women’s economic empowerment, in particu-
unemployment, is a major concern. Global health lar, and decent work for all. We will eradicate
threats, more frequent and intense natural disasters, forced labour and human trafficking and end
spiralling conflict, violent extremism, terrorism and child labour in all its forms. All countries stand to
related humanitarian crises and forced displace- benefit from having a healthy and well-educated
ment of people threaten to reverse much of the workforce with the knowledge and skills needed
development progress made in recent decades. for productive and fulfilling work and full participa-
tion in society. We will strengthen the productive
23. People who are vulnerable must be empow- capacities of least-developed countries in all sectors,
ered. Those whose needs are reflected in the including through structural transformation. We will
Agenda include all children, youth, persons with adopt policies which increase productive capacities,
disabilities (of whom more than 80% live in pov- productivity and productive employment; financial
erty), people living with HIV/AIDS, older persons, inclusion; sustainable agriculture, pastoralist and
indigenous peoples, refugees and internally dis- fisheries development; sustainable industrial devel-
placed persons and migrants. We resolve to take opment; universal access to affordable, reliable,
further effective measures and actions, in conform- sustainable and modern energy services; sustainable
ity with international law, to remove obstacles and transport systems; and quality and resilient infra-
constraints, strengthen support and meet the spe- structure.
cial needs of people living in areas affected by
complex humanitarian emergencies and in areas 35. We recognize the positive contribution
affected by terrorism. of migrants for inclusive growth and sus-
tainable development. We also recognize that
25. We commit to providing inclusive and equitable international migration is a multi-dimensional
quality education at all levels – early childhood, pri- reality of major relevance for the development of
mary, secondary, tertiary, technical and vocational countries of origin, transit and destination, which
training. All people, irrespective of sex, age, race, requires coherent and comprehensive responses.
ethnicity, and persons with disabilities, migrants, We will cooperate internationally to ensure safe,
indigenous peoples, children and youth, especially orderly and regular migration involving full respect
those in vulnerable situations, should have access for human rights and the humane treatment of
to life-long learning opportunities that help migrants regardless of migration status, of refu-
them acquire the knowledge and skills needed to gees and of displaced persons. Such cooperation
exploit opportunities and to participate fully in soci- should also strengthen the resilience of commu-
ety. We will strive to provide children and youth with nities hosting refugees, particularly in developing
a nurturing environment for the full realization of countries. We underline the right of migrants to
their rights and capabilities, helping our countries to return to their country of citizenship, and recall
reap the demographic dividend including through that States must ensure that their returning nation-
safe schools and cohesive communities and families. als are duly received.
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