Giraffe SAFE Program Action Plan 2017-2020 - Assets Service
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Giraffe SAFE Program
Action Plan 2017-2020
Submitted: 10 August 2017
by Program Leaders
Liza Dadone1, Andi Kornak2, & Kristen Lukas2
1
Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, CO
2
Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, OH
with the Giraffid SSP, Giraffe & Antelope TAG, Program Partners, & Advisors
©Kristen Lukas
1
Contents
Program Goal ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Program Operational Structure .................................................................................................................... 4
Conservation Target ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Status of Taxa within the AZA Community ................................................................................................... 6
AZA Conservation Activities .......................................................................................................................... 6
AZA Public Engagement Activities ................................................................................................................ 7
Conservation Status of Taxa ......................................................................................................................... 8
Recovery Plans .............................................................................................................................................. 9
Threats to Giraffe ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Work Plan.................................................................................................................................................... 11
Conservation Objectives: Kenya ............................................................................................................. 11
Conservation Objectives: Tanzania ......................................................................................................... 11
Conservation Objectives: Uganda ........................................................................................................... 11
Public Engagement Objective ................................................................................................................. 12
Communication Objective ...................................................................................................................... 12
Funding Objectives.................................................................................................................................. 12
Giraffe SAFE Member-Sponsored Species Program 3 Year Strategy (2017-2020) ..................................... 13
Kenya....................................................................................................................................................... 13
Tanzania .................................................................................................................................................. 14
Uganda .................................................................................................................................................... 15
Public Engagement ................................................................................................................................. 17
Communication ....................................................................................................................................... 18
Funding ................................................................................................................................................... 18
References .................................................................................................................................................. 19
List of Appendices ....................................................................................................................................... 19
Appendix 1. Uganda Giraffe Programme Annual Work Plan 2016-17.................................................... 19
Appendix 2. Africa-wide Giraffe Conservation Strategic Framework: Road Map_August 2016 ............ 19
2
Program Goal
The goal of the Giraffe SAFE program is, of course, to save giraffe! With between 35-50% of giraffe
facilities currently supporting conservation, we additionally aim to demonstrate measurable positive
impacts of zoos accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) on the conservation of
giraffe and increase the number of AZA zoos that support field conservation over the next three years.
To ensure stability for conservation programming, long-term commitments will be encouraged.
Ideally, the efforts of the Giraffe SAFE Member-Sponsored Species (SMSS) program will also engage
the world-wide zoo community and increase overall support.
In 2016, with the Antelope and Giraffe TAG’s endorsement, the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo and the
Cleveland Metroparks Zoo joined together to propose a SAFE program for giraffes. This program was
approved as the first AZA SMSS in February 2017. The group has agreed to collaborate on program
plans for three countries – Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda – and on ways to increase public engagement
for increase awareness of, and support for, giraffe conservation by AZA institutions.
As the field conservation initiatives are intended to feed into existing conservation action plans, the
existing Africa-wide Giraffe Conservation Strategic Framework: Road Map, as well as the draft
National Giraffe Conservation Strategy for Kenya and work plan for giraffe conservation in Uganda,
serve as a platform to measure the impact of the increased AZA effort against what has been
prioritized for giraffe in each landscape. Specific objectives are identified in this Giraffe SAFE Action
Plan as a first step in what will be a long-term commitment to ensuring the survival of giraffe in robust
populations across East Africa. This Action Plan provides a framework and identifies opportunities for
program partners and will be reviewed and updated on an annual basis. It will remain the prerogative
of each individual AZA organization to determine where to commit funds and resources as they
develop their giraffe conservation programming.
The Giraffe SAFE program invites and welcomes all interested AZA zoos to become program partners.
3Program Operational Structure
Giraffe SAFE project areas are Kenya (K), Tanzania (T), Uganda (U), and Public Engagement (PE)
Primary
Project
ZOO REPRESENTATIVE(S) CONTACT INFORMATION Area(s)
K T U PE
Program Leaders
Cheyenne Liza Dadone, VMD ldadone@cmzoo.org
Mountain • Vice President of Mission & 719-330-4774 * * * *
Zoo Programs
Cleveland Kristen Lukas, Ph.D. kel@clevelandmetroparks.com
Metroparks • Director of Conservation & 216-632-2523
Zoo Science amk@clevelandmetroparks.com
* * * *
Andi Kornak 216-635-3373
• Director of Animal & Vet
Programs
Program Partners – Steering Committee
Columbus Mike Kreger michael.kreger@columbuszoo.org
Zoo & • Vice President of Conservation 614-724-3409
Aquarium Adam Felts adam.felts@columbuszoo.org * * *
• Curator Heart of Africa/Asia 614-922-0068
Quest
North Corinne Kendall, Ph.D. corinne.kendall@nczoo.org
Carolina Zoo • Curator of Conservation & 336-879-7607 * * *
Research
Oregon Zoo Sheri Horiszney (Giraffid SSP Chair) sheri.horiszny@oregonzoo.org
* *
• Deputy Director 503-220-2444
Saint Louis Martha Fischer, M.A. (Giraffe & fischer@stlzoo.org
Zoo Antelope TAG Chair) 314-646-4610 * * *
• Curator of Mammals
San Diego David A. O'Connor, M.Sc. doconnor@sandiegozoo.org
Zoo • Researcher - Global 202-352-0737
Partnerships jstacy-dawes@sandiegozoo.org
* *
Jenna Stacy-Dawes, M.A.
• Research Coordinator – Global
Partnerships
The Living RoxAnna Breitigan rbreitigan@livingdesert.org
Desert Zoo & • Director of Animal Programs 760-346-4898
* *
Gardens Justin Carmichael jcarmichael@livingdesert.org
• Public Engagement Coordinator 760-346-5694 ext.2503
Utah’s Hogle Liz Larsen llarsen@hoglezoo.org
* *
Zoo • Director of Conservation
4Program Operational Structure (cont.)
Primary
Project
ZOO REPRESENTATIVE(S) CONTACT INFORMATION Area(s)
K T U PE
Advisors
Giraffe Julian Fennessy, Ph.D. julian@giraffeconservation.org * * * *
Conservation Steph Fennessy steph@giraffeconservation.org
Foundation • Co-Directors and Co-Founders
Arthur Muneza arthur@giraffeconservation.org
• East African Coordinator
Wild Nature Derek Lee, Ph.D. derek@wildnatureinstitute.org * *
Institute Monica Bond, M.S. monica@wildnatureinstitute.org
• Principal Scientists
IUCN Giraffe Julian Fennessy, Ph.D. julian@giraffeconservation.org * * * *
and Okapi Giraffe co-chair
Specialist
Group
Leiden Tom Leiden tmleiden16@gmail.com * * * *
Conservation President
Foundation
Field Conservation Committee Liaison
Utah’s Hogle Christina Castellano ccastellano@hoglezoo.org
Zoo Vice President & Chief Science Officer 801-584-1756
5Conservation Target
Populations of Giraffe (Giraffa Camelopardalis) in East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda).
Status of Taxa within the AZA Community
Giraffe are among the most iconic animals in the world with their tall stature, gentle nature, graceful
gait, unique coat patterns, long black tongues, and powerful necks. For these and many other reasons,
they are also very popular zoo animals. According to the Giraffe and Antelope Taxon Advisory Group
& Giraffe Species Survival Plan, 97 AZA accredited zoos (131 total institutions) care for giraffe in the
US, Canada and Mexico, which is more than any other charismatic mega-vertebrate. This means
nearly half of accredited zoos care for giraffe, undoubtedly one of the most popular and beloved zoo
species.
There are currently more than 500 giraffe managed through two SSP Programs: Generic and Masai.
The Generic Giraffe is a Green Program and the Masai are a Yellow Program. According to the 2016
Breeding and Transfer Plan for Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis):
Giraffe taxonomy has long been debated and there is still limited consensus regarding subspecies, or
possibly even species, differences. In 2004, the AZA populations of reticulated and Rothschild’s giraffes
were combined into a single management unit, leaving the Masai giraffe population to be managed
separately. The 2016 Breeding & Transfer Plan provides analyses and recommendations for the
“generic” Giraffe SSP that includes reticulated, Rothschild’s, and hybrid individuals. The current,
formally managed population of generic giraffes is 425 animals (178 males, 247 females) distributed
among 85 AZA institutions. The Antelope and Giraffe Taxon Advisory Group has set the target size for
this population to be 400 animals (2014 Regional Collection Plan). At present, the generic giraffe
program qualifies as a Green SSP Program (>90% gene diversity for 100 years).
Although our focus is on AZA giraffe, the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) estimates
that about 1/10th of the world population (700 million people) visit zoos worldwide each year. There
are an estimated 2,000 giraffe in human care worldwide. If we can effectively engage and educate
zoo guests about giraffe conservation, starting with those that come to AZA zoos, we could make a
significant impact on conservation of this species.
Giraffe are ecologically important in nature because they are browsers that influence the landscape
and they serve as key prey for large carnivores and scavengers. Their status as iconic megavertebrates
means they are also quite successful at attracting ecotourism and thus habitat preservation.
However, giraffe across Africa face threats to survival including habitat loss and degradation,
poaching, human encroachment, civil unrest, and disease.
AZA Conservation Activities
Giraffe populations have declined drastically over the past three decades (Muller et al., 2016) and AZA
zoos have been mobilizing resources to increase awareness of giraffe conservation and to conduct or
support field conservation initiatives for giraffe. According to the AZA Annual Report on Conservation
6and Science (ARCS), from 2014-2015, AZA zoos have provided support for giraffe conservation
primarily through the following organizations and projects:
• Care for Karamoja (http://www.care4karamoja.org/)
• Giraffe Conservation Foundation (https://giraffeconservation.org/)
• Reticulated Giraffe Project (http://www.reticulatedgiraffeproject.net/RGP/Home.html)
• Rothschild’s Giraffe Project (http://www.girafferesearch.com/)
• San Diego Zoo Global (http://endextinction.org/species/giraffe)
• Wild Nature Institute (http://www.wildnatureinstitute.org/save-the-giraffe.html)
Data from the AZA Annual Report on Conservation and Science (AZA, 2017) reveal that AZA zoos
reported investing nearly three-quarters of a million dollars to support or conduct giraffe conservation
initiatives between 2014-2016:
Year # Reporting Institutions Amount Spent
2014 41 $222,173
2015 37 $268,585
2016 43 $312,085
Total: $802,843
AZA Public Engagement Activities
Zoo support for giraffe conservation is also evident in the enthusiastic support for public engagement
opportunities made available through such initiatives as World Giraffe Day. First celebrated in 2014,
World Giraffe Day is celebrated annually on June 21st, the longest day of the year. The logos from 44
AZA zoos are currently listed on the 2016 World Giraffe Day website
(https://giraffeconservation.org/world-giraffe-day/), which demonstrates the wide support within
AZA for public engagement activities surrounding giraffe.
7Conservation Status of Taxa
Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)
• United States Conservation Status (www.fws.gov): Under Review
• IUCN Conservation Status (www.iucnredlist.org): Vulnerable
G. c. rothschildi
• IUCN Conservation Status (www.iucnredlist.org): Endangered
Species Subspecies Scientific name 2016 Wild
Population
Giraffe Angolan Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis 13,031
Kordofan G. c. antiquorum 2,000
Masai G. c. tippelskirchi 31,611
Nubian G. c. camelopardalis 650
Reticulated G. c. reticulta 8,661
Rothschild’s G. c. rothschildi 1,671
South African* G. c. giraffa 38,938
Thornicroft’s G. c. thornicrofti 600
West African G. c. peralta 400
Total 97,562
*This number was calculated as a sum of the Current Estimates for “G. c. angolensis
[provisional]” and “G. c. giraffe” in the IUCN_Giraffe_camelopardalis.
The iconic giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), one of the world's most recognizable animals and the tallest
land mammal, have already been declared locally extinct in seven African countries. In December 2016,
giraffe were reclassified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of
Threatened Species from “Least Concern” to “Vulnerable.” New population surveys estimate an overall
36-40% decline in the giraffe population from approximately 150,000 in 1985 to 98,000 in 2015. Of the
nine currently recognized subspecies of giraffe, five have decreasing populations, while three are
increasing and one is stable.
Previously, two subspecies were reclassified as “Endangered” and a high conservation priority. In 2008,
the West African giraffe was listed as “Endangered” with less than 200 individuals, now ~400 individuals.
In 2010, the Rothschild’s giraffe (proposed re-classification as Nubian giraffe) was also listed as
“Endangered” and population numbers have increased since based on international attention and
support. The conservation status of the other giraffe subspecies is currently under review with the IUCN
and may result in further updates to the Red List.
Additionally, and in light of the current plight of giraffe highlighted by the new IUCN Red Listing, at the
most recent IUCN 2016 World Conservation Congress in Hawaii, the members passed a motion to support
“Giraffids: reversing the decline of Africa’s iconic megafauna”. The motion
(https://portals.iucn.org/congress/motion/008) called for:
• IUCN, donors and partners to raise global and local awareness of giraffid declines and
conservation needs and funds for key actions (e.g. lobbying range states and engaging local
communities);
• IUCN Members, donors and partners to:
8o Support the on-the-ground implementation of the 2015-2025 Okapi Conservation
Strategy; and
o Undertake increased fundraising and capacity building for management and
monitoring of giraffid range state protected areas, including intelligence-led law
enforcement via tools such as SMART (Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool), and
for specific giraffid conservation activities, including development of improved survey
and monitoring methods;
• IUCN Member States, giraffid range states, the United Nations and the international
community to help restore the integrity and security of threatened protected areas, in
particular World Heritage sites, in the ranges of giraffe (in particular Garamba National Park
in DRC, Bouba-Njidda, Benoue and Waza national parks and Faro Reserve in Cameroon, and
Shambe, Boma and Badingilo National Parks in South Sudan) and okapi (in particular Virunga
and Maiko national parks and Okapi Wildlife Reserve);
• All States Parties to the World Heritage Convention to uphold their commitments to the
Convention and not to permit extractives activities in World Heritage sites where giraffids are
found and to ensure that all existing and future operations in areas surrounding such
properties are compatible with the protection of their Outstanding Universal Value and do
not threaten their integrity, in accordance with numerous World Heritage Committee
decisions (e.g. 37 COM 7, para 8); and
• IUCN, giraffid range states, donors, key stakeholders and partners to develop and/or support
an Africa-wide Giraffe Conservation Strategy and Action Plan, as well as to raise global funds
to facilitate its development and actions arising from it.
Recovery Plans
Recovery plans for Giraffe (Giraffa Camelopardalis) are in development by Kenya (drafted in 2016)
and Uganda (planned in 2017) but not by Tanzania. A strategic framework for conservation of
giraffe across Africa was made available in 2016 and emerged from meetings co-hosted by Giraffe
Conservation Foundation (GCF) and the IUCN Giraffe & Okapi Specialist Group (GOSG) in Namibia
(2011), Kenya (2013), and South Africa (2015). Giraffe SAFE Program Co-Leader, Liza Dadone, is a
member of the IUCN Giraffe and Okapi Specialist Group.
In-situ Giraffe Conservation Plans (see attachments):
Country Name Date Organization Appendix
Published
Kenya National Conservation Strategy and Action Pending Kenya Wildlife n/a
Plan for Giraffes in Kenya (2016-2020) Service
Tanzania (none) n/a n/a n/a
Uganda Uganda Giraffe Programme Annual Work 2016- Giraffe #1
Plan 2016-17. National Strategy currently 2017 Conservation
in development. Foundation
Africa- Africa-wide Giraffe Conservation Strategic 2016 Giraffe #2
Wide Framework: Road Map Conservation
Foundation &
Partners
9Threats to Giraffe
Primary Threats to Giraffe in KENYA:
o Habitat loss and fragmentation
o Population isolation
o Poaching
o Gaps in information on distribution and numbers
o Effects of climate change and variability
Primary Threats to Giraffe in TANZANIA:
o Habitat loss and fragmentation
o Poaching
o Gaps in information on distribution and numbers
o Effects of climate change and variability
Primary Threats to Giraffe in UGANDA:
o Habitat loss and fragmentation
o Human encroachment
o Poaching
o Oil and gas exploration
o Effects of climate change and variability
10Work Plan
Refer to Program Summary Table for Metrics.
Conservation Objectives: Kenya
KENYA Objective Recovery Plan Relevance
1. Develop monitoring protocols and use data Objective 1 of the Africa-wide Giraffe
gathered through ground and aerial surveys Conservation Strategic Framework: Road
to verify population estimates for Masai, Map_August 2016 (Appendix 2)
Nubian/Rothschild’s, and Reticulated giraffe
in Kenya by 10 August 2017.
2. Develop and evaluate one new two-year Objectives 2, 3, and 4 of the Africa-wide Giraffe
partnership between an AZA SAFE program Conservation Strategic Framework: Road
partner and an in-range community-based Map_August 2016 (Appendix 2)
conservation initiative by 10 August 2020.
Conservation Objectives: Tanzania
TANZANIA Objective Recovery Plan Relevance
1. Evaluate in-country interest and develop, as Objective 5 of the Africa-wide Giraffe
appropriate, a Tanzania Giraffe Conservation Conservation Strategic Framework: Road
Strategy and Action Plan by 10 August 2020 Map_August 2016 (Appendix 2)
2. Conduct a minimum of two surveys per year Objective 1 of the Africa-wide Giraffe
to identify etiology and potential population Conservation Strategic Framework: Road
impact of Giraffe Skin Disease (GSD) in Ruaha Map_August 2016 (Appendix 2)
National Park by 10 August 2020
3. Develop and evaluate one new two-year Objectives 2, 3, and 4 of the Africa-wide Giraffe
partnership between an AZA SAFE program Conservation Strategic Framework: Road
zoo and an in-range community-based Map_August 2016 (Appendix 2)
conservation initiative by 10 August 2020
Conservation Objectives: Uganda
UGANDA Objective Recovery Plan Relevance
1. Support development of Uganda’s National Component 4 of the Uganda Rothschild’s Giraffe
Strategy for Giraffe Conservation by 10 Programme Annual Work Program (2016-2017,
August 2018 and its implementation through Appendix 2) and Objective 5 of the Africa-wide
10 August 2020. Giraffe Conservation Strategic Framework: Road
Map_August 2016 (Appendix 1);
2. Support translocation team members, Component 2 of the Uganda Rothschild’s Giraffe
conduct giraffe health assessments, and Programme Annual Work Program (2016-2017,
directly participate in two giraffe Appendix 1)
translocations by 10 August 2020.
3. Develop and evaluate one new two-year Component 3 of the Uganda Rothschild’s Giraffe
partnership between an AZA SAFE program Programme Annual Work Program (2016-2017,
zoo and an in-range community-based Appendix 1); Objectives 2, 3, and 4 of the Africa-
conservation/education initiative by 10 wide Giraffe Conservation Strategic Framework:
August 2020. Road Map_August 2016 (Appendix 2)
11Public Engagement Objective
Objective Recovery Plan Relevance
1. Increase by 25% the number of AZA zoos and Objective 3 of the Africa-wide Giraffe
aquariums that support giraffe conservation Conservation Strategic Framework: Road
and participate in World Giraffe Day by 10 Map_August 2016 (Appendix 2)
August 2020
Communication Objective
Objective Recovery Plan Relevance
1. Increase by 25% the number of AZA zoos and Objectives 3 and 4 of the Africa-wide Giraffe
aquariums that incorporate giraffe Conservation Strategic Framework: Road
conservation messaging on ground by 10 Map_August 2016 (Appendix 2)
August 2020
Funding Objectives
Objective Recovery Plan Relevance
1. Increase by 25% the amount of funds Objective 3 of the Africa-wide Giraffe
directed to giraffe conservation in Kenya, Conservation Strategic Framework: Road
Tanzania, and Uganda by 10 August 2020 Map_August 2016 (Appendix 2)
12Giraffe SAFE Member-Sponsored Species Program 3 Year Strategy (2017-2020)
Kenya
Kenya Strategic Objective 1. Develop monitoring protocols and use data gathered through ground and aerial surveys to verify population
estimates for Masai, Nubian/Rothschild’s, and Reticulated giraffe in Kenya by 10 August 2020.
Rationale: Conservation and management of wild giraffe is guided by sound scientific and evidence-based data.
Action Metrics Timeframe AZA Zoos Field Budget
Partners
1.1 Conduct giraffe population i) Surveys are completed and baseline Yr 1: Accumulate and assess available census San Diego KWS Estimated
census for Masai, numbers and distribution for each data, engage in-country partners, develop Zoo NRT $100,000
Nubian/Rothschild’s, & population established project budget, and secure funding St Louis Zoo TNC
Reticulated giraffe using ground ii) Robust range-wide framework and Cheyenne LWC
and aerial surveys for the ranges methodology for monitoring protocols Yr 2 & 3: Funding dependent: census on Mtn Zoo Loisaba
of these giraffe are developed and piloted additional ranges to survey for giraffe More Mpala
partners GCF
Yr 3: Complete compiling and analyzing results required for Others
with in-country partners success
Kenya Strategic Objective 2. Develop and evaluate one new two-year partnership between an AZA SAFE program zoo and an in-range
community-based conservation initiative by 10 August 2020.
Rationale: Community-based conservation helps maintain viable populations of wild giraffe.
Action Metrics Timeframe AZA Zoos Field Budget
Partners
2.1 Where invited, support i) Make a presentation about the Yr 1: Accumulate information from Kenyan San Diego Same as Estimated
community-based conservation proposed community-based giraffe partners on current community-based Zoo above $50,000
programs, to include some conservation and research program to conservation initiatives, and identify gaps and St Louis Zoo
drought and degradation- potential partners and governmental areas where SAFE program can Cheyenne
affected giraffe habitats in entities in northern Kenya assist/support/develop and then launch pilot Mtn Zoo
northern Kenya ii) Identify willing community-based program (s). Annual evaluation of engagement
conservation partners who invite us in World Giraffe Day activities. More
into key giraffe habitats partners
iii) Develop 2-year giraffe Yr 2: Review outcomes of pilot program(s) w needed
conservation and research workplan partners, develop best practices and ongoing
with each partner monitoring and accountability indicators.
iv) Create partnerships with AZA SAFE Expand to additional sites (funding dependent).
program zoos to provide/support jobs Annual evaluation of engagement in World
(i.e. rangers), increase monitoring, Giraffe Day activities.
assess and understand poaching,
13investigate alternate sources of Yr 3: Annual review of current partnerships and
livelihoods, and provide local evaluation of indicators including available
education about giraffe conservation giraffe population census data for that habitat.
v) Lay foundation for culturally Annual evaluation of engagement in World
relevant World Giraffe Day activities Giraffe Day activities.
in key schools adjacent to giraffe
habitats
2.2 Conduct human dimensions i) Social surveys conducted in Yr 1: Develop and standardize questionnaires San Diego Same as Estimated $10-
of conservation surveys communities that frequently interact Zoo above 20,000
in/around key giraffe sites with giraffe in northern & southern Yr 2: Human dimensions in key giraffe habitats St Louis Zoo
Kenya, and results disseminated in northern and southern Kenya, and data Cheyenne
ii) Local cultural issues identified and analysis Mtn Zoo
addressed, as appropriate
Tanzania
Tanzania Strategic Objective 1. Evaluate in-country interest and develop, as appropriate, a Tanzania Giraffe Conservation Strategy and Action
Plan by 10 August 2020.
Rationale: Developing, implementing, and monitoring in-country action plans helps prioritize resources and maximize conservation impact.
Action Metrics Timeframe AZA Zoos Field Partners Budget
1.1 Gauge stakeholder interest at the i) Assess community stakeholder Yr 1: Discussions with in-country NC Zoo Wild Nature Estimated $25,000 to
community and government levels for interest in key giraffe landscapes giraffe conservation The Living Institute support National
future development of a National Giraffe across Tanzania i.e. Ruaha, stakeholders to develop Strategy Desert Zoo & GCF Strategy and Action
Conservation Strategy and Action Plan Tarangire, northern rangelands and Action Plan Gardens +/- USFWS Plan Meeting(s)
ii) Discuss with Government Cheyenne international
officials and departments interest Yr 1-3: Development of Strategy Mtn Zoo affairs
in and process for conducting and Action Plan, as appropriate Columbus
Strategy and Action Plan Zoo
iii) As appropriate, support
development of National Giraffe
Conservation Strategy and Action
Plan
Tanzania Strategic Objective 2. Conduct a minimum of two surveys per year to identify etiology and potential population impact of Giraffe
Skin Disease (GSD) in Ruaha National Park by 10 August 2020.
Rationale: Conservation and management of wild giraffe is guided by sound scientific and evidence-based data.
Action Metrics Timeframe AZA Zoos Field Partners Budget
142.1 Identify Giraffe Skin Disease (GSD) i) Identify and support Yr 1: Develop partnerships and NC Zoo GCF Estimated $10-20,000
etiology in Ruaha National Park (Note: conservation partners in Ruaha facilitate research permits for Columbus
Depending on results of studies and NP to better understand and GSD research project in Ruaha Zoo
consults with field partners, other areas monitor GSD NP
may also be considered) ii) Collect skin biopsy and other +/- other
samples for diagnostic testing of Yr 2: Collect skin biopsy and partners
GSD other samples of GSD
iii) Disease testing and
histopathology of skin biopsy and Yr 3: Skin biopsy and other
samples analyzed and reported samples analyzed and reported
2.2 Track GSD prevalence and threat in i) Monitor giraffe populations and Yr 1: Facilitate permits for NC Zoo GCF (see above)
Ruaha National Park collect individual photos to track research in Ruaha NP Columbus
affected individuals and evaluate Zoo
associated mortality Yr 2: Individual photo monitoring
of giraffe in Ruaha NP +/- other
partners
Yr 3: Individual photo monitoring
of giraffe in Ruaha NP, data
analysis and reporting
Tanzania Strategic Objective 3. Develop and evaluate one new two-year partnership between an AZA SAFE program zoo and an in-range
community-based conservation initiative by 10 August 2020.
Rationale: Community-based conservation helps maintain viable populations of wild giraffe.
Action Metrics Timeframe AZA Zoos Field Partners Budget
3.1 Provide community-based giraffe i) Increase giraffe conservation Yr 1-3: Annual tracking of school The Living Wild Nature Estimated $10-20,000
education programs, with initial focus on educational awareness in local programs/children involved in Desert Zoo & Institute
communities around the Tarangire Tanzanian schools (including outreach program Gardens GCF
Ecosystem Juma the Giraffe book) Columbus
ii) Celebrate World Giraffe Day Yr 1-3: Annual evaluation of Zoo
with activities in Tanzanian engagement in World Giraffe
schools Day activities More
partners
needed
Uganda
Uganda Strategic Objective 1. Support development of Uganda’s National Strategy for Giraffe Conservation by 10 August 2018 and its
implementation through 10 August 2020.
Rationale: Developing, implementing, and monitoring cohesive action plans help prioritize resources and maximize conservation impact.
15Action Metrics Timeframe AZA Zoos Field Budget
Partners
1.1 Financial & advisory i) Provide financial support for Yr 1: Attend stakeholder meeting(s) in Kampala Cheyenne Mtn UWA $10,000
support for Uganda’s meeting Zoo GCF
National Strategy for ii) Provide advisory support for Cleveland
Giraffe Conservation meeting & for creating strategy Metroparks Zoo
document
1.2 Support in-country i) Annual work plans developed and Yrs 1-3: Biannual review of plan with in-country Cheyenne Mtn UWA Will vary
implementation of approved stakeholders/working group to identify additional Zoo GCF
National Strategy & Action ii) Monitoring & evaluation (M&E) opportunities for Giraffe SAFE program to support Cleveland
Plan framework developed & implementation of strategy Metroparks Zoo
implemented
Uganda Strategic Objective 2. Support translocation team members, conduct giraffe health assessments, and directly participate in two
giraffe translocations by 10 August 2020.
Rationale: Translocations increase resilience of giraffe populations in Uganda and AZA SAFE partner institutions can contribute valuable subject
matter expertise in giraffe health care.
Action Metrics Timeframe AZA Zoos Field Budget
Partners
2.1 Funding and in-country i) Field captures and translocations of Yr 1-3. Giraffe translocations/reintroductions Cheyenne Mtn UWA 2017
support for giraffe giraffe to appropriate habitats in undertaken every 18 months following approved Zoo UWEC translocation
translocations country, based on site-specific assessments Cleveland GCF funded
translocation assessment and plans Metroparks Zoo
following IUCN guidelines Columbus Zoo
More partners
needed
2.2 Monitor giraffe i) Identify etiology of Giraffe Skin Yr 2. GSD etiology identified in Murchison Falls NP Cheyenne Mtn UWA $50,000
health/disease status Disease in Murchison Falls NP Zoo UWEC
ii) Provide veterinary and husbandry Yrs 2-3: Annual discussions and support with UWEC Cleveland GCF
support to help with care of giraffe at team on care of zoo giraffe population Metroparks Zoo
the Ugandan Wildlife Education Columbus Zoo
Centre (UWEC) More partners
needed
Uganda Strategic Objective 3. Develop and evaluate one new two-year partnership between an AZA SAFE program zoo and an in-range
community-based conservation/education initiative by 10 August 2020.
Rationale: Community-based conservation helps maintain viable populations of wild giraffe and AZA SAFE partners have valuable subject matter
expertise in zoo-based conservation education.
Action Metrics Timeframe AZA Zoos Field Budget
Partners
163.1 Provide and support i) Enhanced education, awareness Yr 1-3. Celebrate World Giraffe Day on June 21st Cheyenne Mtn UWA Estimated
giraffe conservation and field trips for community leaders Zoo UWEC $50,000
education and public and local school children to Yr 1-3. Conduct annual evaluation of engagement in Cleveland GCF
awareness programs understand and observe wild giraffe World Giraffe Day activities. Metroparks Zoo
or translocations Oregon Zoo
ii) Celebrate World Giraffe Day in More partners
communities and schools in/around needed
giraffe habitats
3.2 Conduct social attitude i) Social surveys conducted and Yr 1-3. New population annually Cleveland UWA Estimated $10-
surveys at/around key results disseminated Metroparks Zoo UWEC 20,000
giraffe sites ii) Local cultural issues identified and Yr 1-3. Ongoing Oregon Zoo GCF
addressed, as appropriate More partners
needed
3.3 Increase role of UWEC i) Diet, husbandry and preventative Yr 1-3. Ongoing Cleveland UWA Estimated
giraffe for conservation medicine practices for UWEC giraffe Metroparks Zoo UWEC $15,000
education and awareness reviewed and modified as appropriate Oregon Zoo GCF
ii) Updated conservation messaging at More partners
UWEC giraffe exhibit needed
iii) Giraffe conservation promoted
through specialized UWEC events (i.e.
World Giraffe Day, Environment Day)
Public Engagement
Public Engagement Strategic Objective 1. Increase by 25% the number of AZA zoos and aquariums that participate in World Giraffe Day by 10
August 2020.
Rationale: Increasing public awareness of giraffe conservation issues in the USA will improve fundraising capacity and help build capacity for
sustained conservation efforts.
Action Metrics Timeframe AZA Zoos Field Partners Budget
1.1 Celebrate World i) Giraffe conservation efforts by AZA zoos Yr 1-3. Annually The Living Desert Zoo Wild Nature Estimated $1-
Giraffe Day annually promoted through World Giraffe Day & Gardens Institute 5,000
ii) Track number of AZA institutions celebrating Cleveland GCF
World Giraffe Day annually and increase number of Metroparks Zoo
participating zoos by 25% by 2020 Giraffe SAFE partners
17Communication
Communication Strategic Objective 1. Increase by 25% the number of AZA zoos and aquariums that incorporate giraffe conservation
messaging on ground by 10 August 2020.
Rationale: Increasing public awareness of giraffe conservation issues in the USA will improve fundraising capacity and help build capacity for
sustained conservation efforts.
Action Metrics Timeframe AZA Zoos Field Budget
Partners
1.1 Connect zoo visitors with i) Messaging for zoo exhibits developed and Yr 1-3. Annually: provide list of The Living Wild Nature Estimated
giraffe conservation issues updated with giraffe conservation information conservation messaging sample materials Desert Zoo & Institute $1-5,000
year-round ii) Based on institution, add giraffe to Giraffe SAFE partner programs Gardens GCF
conservation messaging to gift shops (i.e, Juma Giraffe SAFE
the Giraffe book, conservation booklets) partners
iii) Continue to develop concepts to connect
zoo guests to giraffe conservation (ie Snares
for Wares)
Funding
Funding Objective 1. Increase by 25% the amount of funds directed to giraffe conservation in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda by 10 August
2020.
Rationale: Increase funding support for giraffe conservation in the USA will increase in-country conservation impact.
Action Metrics Timeframe AZA Zoos Field Budget
Partners
1.1 Attract three new Giraffe i) At least three additional AZA institutions will sign and submit Program Cheyenne Mtn n/a
SAFE partner zoos by 2020 Partner Statements of Institutional Support to participate in Giraffe SAFE Zoo
Cleveland
Metroparks Zoo
1.2 Increase annual AZA i) Track Annual Report on Conservation and Science (ARCS) of AZA Yr 1-3. The Living Desert AZA tracks
funding support for giraffe contributions to giraffe conservation, with goal of increasing both funding to Annually Zoo & Gardens spending
conservation giraffe conservation and number of zoos supporting giraffe conservation Cleveland
Metroparks Zoo
18References
Association of Zoos and Aquariums. (2017). Conservation and Research Database, Silver Spring.
https://www.aza.org/. Accessed August 10, 2017.
IUCN Red List Giraffe Population Estimate, 9194_Giraffe_camelopardis-population.pdf (Downloaded on
12/12/16 at http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/9194/0)
Muller, Z., Bercovitch, F., Fennessy, J., Brown, D., Brand, R., Brown, M., Bolger, D., Carter, K., Deacon, F.,
Doherty, J., Fennessy, S., Hussein, A.A., Lee, D., Marais, A., Strauss, M., Tutchings, A. & Wube, T.
2016. Giraffa camelopardalis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016:
e.T9194A51140239. Downloaded on 07 December 2016.
List of Appendices
Appendix 1. Uganda Giraffe Programme Annual Work Plan 2016-17
Appendix 2. Africa-wide Giraffe Conservation Strategic Framework: Road Map_August 2016
19Uganda Rothschild’s Giraffe Programme
July 2016 - June 2017
Goals Specific Measurable Assignable Relevant Time-bound Resources Budget Status
Component 1: Ecological monitoring and research
1. To assess and Develop key Each period, two GCF/Dartmouth Critical July/Aug Vehicle – GCF GCF –
monitor the giraffe five-day surveys of College in ongoing 2015 Researchers – US$30,000 for
population trends, conservation Murchison Falls NP collaboration seasonal GCF/Dartmouth surveys,
threats and health outputs to and follow up with UWA and baseline data Nov/Dec College/UWEC flights,
of giraffe support giraffe analysis using UWEC collection and 2015 Camera/GPS/lapt stipends, etc.
population in long-term giraffe-dedicated monitoring op - Additional for
Uganda conservation and Wild ID software March/April GCF/Dartmouth GCF
management in 2016 College
Murchison Falls
NP
GPS satellite GCF/Dartmouth GPS satellite Early 2017 - Vehicle – GCF & GCF –
collaring of 12 College in collaring of ongoing UWA ~US$50,000
giraffe to better collaboration giraffe in the for units, staff,
understand giraffe with UWA population Staff – vehicle, etc.
movements for GCF/Dartmouth
conservation College/UWA UWA –
management veterinarian,
Dart gun, darts, ranger support
drugs – UWA
Uganda Rothschild’s Giraffe Programme_Annual Work Plan 2016-17
11. To assess and Develop key Annual five-day GCF/Dartmouth Ongoing field Early-mid Vehicle – GCF & GCF –
monitor the giraffe survey of Kidepo College in baseline data 2017 UWA ~US$10,000,
population trends, conservation Valley NP and collaboration collection (ongoing) staff, vehicle,
threats and health outputs to follow up analysis with UWA and Staff – survey, etc.
of giraffe support giraffe UWEC GCF/Dartmouth
population in long-term College/UWA UWA – ranger
Uganda conservation and support
management in Camera/GPS/
Kidepo Valley NP laptop – GCF
Additional DNA GCF/UWA Ongoing Early-mid Vehicle – GCF & GCF –
tissue sampling to remote biopsy 2017 UWA ~US$10,000
assess inbreeding sampling and (ongoing) staff, vehicle,
genetic Staff – analysis, etc.
analysis GCF/Dartmouth (In-kind from
College/UWA German
laboratory)
Dart gun, darts,
drugs – UWA UWA – ranger
support
GPS satellite GCF/Dartmouth GPS satellite Early-mid Vehicle – GCF & GCF –
collaring of 3-4 College in collaring of 2017 UWA ~US$25,000
giraffe to better collaboration giraffe in the (ongoing) for fitting,
understand giraffe with UWA population Staff – staff, vehicle,
movements for GCF/Dartmouth etc.
conservation College/UWA
management UWA –
Dart gun – UWA veterinarian,
ranger support
Uganda Rothschild’s Giraffe Programme_Annual Work Plan 2016-17
2Uganda Rothschild’s Giraffe Programme
July 2016 - June 2017
Goals Specific Measurable Assignable Relevant Time-bound Resources Budget Status
Component 2: Conservation Translocations
1. To assess current and Develop key Assess success of UWA and Review first Starting late- Vehicle – GCF & GCF –
future giraffe conservation giraffe giraffe translocated GCF with giraffe 2016, post UWA US$25,000
translocations to southern conservation into Lake Mburo Dartmouth conservation National for surveys,
Murchison Falls National translocation and southern College translocations, Strategy Staff – analysis, staff,
Park outputs to Murchison Falls ecological development GCF/Dartmouth vehicle, etc.
support their National Parks needs, College/UWA
2. To assess current and long-term planning, etc. UWA –
future giraffe conservation conservation Reports and to Lake Mburo Camera/GPS/laptop veterinarians,
translocations to southern and recommendations and South Potential – GCF ecologists,
Murchison Falls National management highlighting the Murchison translocation ranger support
Park translocation(s) Falls National to Southern Translocation
potential of giraffe Parks Murchison equipment needs UWEC -
3. To assess feasibility of into Pian Upe and Falls and resources –
future giraffe conservation Queen Elizabeth National UWA/GCF/UWEC
translocations to Kidepo National Parks, and Park in GCF –
Valley National Park to augmenting the Undertake January/ GPS Satellite Collars US$50,000 for
augment current giraffe populations conservation February – GCF Operation
population in southern translocation 2018 (funds Twiga II
Murchison Falls assessments raised from translocation
4. To assess giraffe and Kidepo Valley to augment World to southern
translocation(s) feasibility National Parks. current and Giraffe Day side of MFNP
to potential new sites in potential new 2017)
Uganda in order to Analysed data of areas using UWA -
establish satellite GPS satellite collars IUCN veterinarians,
populations – Pian Upe of giraffe to better guidelines ecologists,
and Queen Elizabeth monitor post- ranger support
National Parks translocation
success UWEC -
Uganda Rothschild’s Giraffe Programme_Annual Work Plan 2016-17
3Uganda Rothschild’s Giraffe Programme
July 2016 - June 2017
Goals Specific Measurable Assignable Relevant Time-bound Resources Budget Status
Component 3: Environmental Education
1. To update dedicated Develop an A dedicated UWEC with Students and 2016 - Staff – UWEC UWEC –
giraffe-specific appreciation and environmental content public trained ongoing
environmental education understanding of education support/ and/or Material printing – UWA –
programmes and their natural programme and review by exposed to UWEC with support
associated materials in environment in set of targeted GCF/UWA giraffe from GCF/UWA GCF –
Uganda Ugandan materials environmental
students and developed, and education in
2. To promote environmental public disseminated/ Uganda
learning and critical taught to
environmental thinking in schools and
primary and secondary public at UWEC,
school students who are National Parks
our future decision-makers and across
in Uganda Uganda
3. To protect the natural
environment through
improved understanding
among Uganda’s youth.
Uganda Rothschild’s Giraffe Programme_Annual Work Plan 2016-17
4Uganda Rothschild’s Giraffe Programme
July 2016 - June 2017
Goals Specific Measurable Assignable Relevant Time-bound Resources Budget Status
Component 4: Uganda National Giraffe Strategy
1. To develop a national Develop key Initial UWA with Development Initiate late - Staff – UWA with GCF –
strategy for Rothschild’s giraffe discussions and support from of the first 2016 support from GCF, US$10-15,000
giraffe in Uganda in conservation planning for the GCF ever National IUCN technical
support of UWA giraffe outputs to development of Giraffe (Propose to support,
conservation. support giraffe the first ever Strategy in complete by meeting,
long-term national giraffe Uganda which mid-2017) consultants,
2. To provide additional conservation and conservation will provide printing
valuable data into the GCF management in strategy in clear
Uganda country-wide Uganda Uganda guidelines for UWA –
status report, National future giraffe US$...
Strategy and IUCN Giraffe New data added conservation Staff, meeting,
Database to the GCF and media
Uganda Country management
Profile, National in the country
Strategy and
IUCN Giraffe
Database
Uganda Rothschild’s Giraffe Programme_Annual Work Plan 2016-17
5
Africa-‐wide
Giraffe
Conservation
Strategic
Framework:
Road
Map
August
2016
Background
The
first
three
conferences
dedicated
to
the
‘wild’
giraffe,
Giraffe
Indaba
I,
II
and
III,
were
co-‐hosted
by
Giraffe
Conservation
Foundation
(GCF)
and
the
IUCN
Giraffe
&
Okapi
Specialist
Group
(GOSG)
in
Namibia
(2011),
Kenya
(2013),
and
South
Africa
(2015),
respectively.
The
concept
of
developing
an
Africa-‐wide
Giraffe
Conservation
Strategic
Framework
evolved
out
of
the
discussions
at
Giraffe
Indaba
I,
and
subsequent
discussions
with
giraffe
conservation
partners
across
the
globe.
This
Strategic
Framework
was
developed
as
a
‘road
map’
to
guide
giraffe
conservation
activities
across
Africa,
and
where
appropriate,
to
inform
the
creation
of
new
country
or
(sub)species
plans
and/or
an
Africa-‐wide
Giraffe
Conservation
Strategy.
This
Strategic
Framework
summarises
shared
experience
and
collective
thoughts,
the
perceived
gaps
in
current
giraffe
conservation
and
management,
both
geographically
and
in
terms
of
current
knowledge
in
giraffe
status,
distribution,
taxonomy,
ecology
and
other
aspects
of
giraffe
science
and
management.
Lastly,
this
Strategic
Framework
outlines
conservation
priority
areas
and
suggested
activities
to
address
these.
These
suggested
activities
could
be
used
as
a
guiding
‘Road
Map’
for
giraffe
conservation
by
the
IUCN
SSC
GOSG,
GCF,
conservation
partners,
zoo
community,
private
sector
and
most
importantly,
the
governments
and
people
of
Africa,
who
live
with
and
collectively
manage
giraffe
in
the
wild.
Vision
A
Strategic
Framework
for
giraffe
conservation
and
management
in
Africa
guiding
(sub)species
and
national
strategies
or
action
plans,
and
their
subsequent
implementation.
Current
Status
of
Giraffe
–
an
Overview
Taxonomic
Status
A
number
of
taxonomic
classifications
for
giraffe
have
been
proposed
over
the
last
half
a
century
(Ciofolo
&
Pendu
2014,
Groves
&
Grubb
2011,
Grubb
2005,
East
1999,
Kingdon
1997,
Dagg
&
Foster
1982,
Ansell
1972).
However,
there
remains
uncertainty
surrounding
the
geographic
and
taxonomic
limits
of
the
(sub)species
described.
Furthermore,
recent
genetic
research
suggests
that
several
(sub)species
may
even
represent
distinct
species
(Brown
et
al.
2007;
Hassanin
et
al.
2007).
Most
recently,
comprehensive
DNA
sampling
from
all
major
populations
has
been
undertaken
across
the
current
giraffe
range
and
analysis
reveals
that
there
are
four
distinct
species
of
giraffe
and
five
subspecies
(Fennessy
et
al.
2016).
It
was
additionally
observed
that,
Thornicroft’s
giraffe
is
genetically
indistinguishable
from
Masai
giraffe,
Rothschild’s
giraffe
is
genetically
identical
to
Nubian
giraffe,
and
Angolan
giraffe
are
similar
to
South
African
giraffe
(Fennessy
et
al.
2016;
Bock
et
al.
2014;
Fennessy
et
al.
2013).
• Masai
giraffe
Giraffa
tippelskirchi
(includes
former
Thornicroft’s
giraffe).
• northern
giraffe
Giraffa
camelopardalis
with
subspecies
Kordofan
giraffe
G.
c.
antiquorum;
Nubian
giraffe
G.
c.
camelopardalis
(includes
former
Rothschild’s
giraffe);
and
West
African
giraffe
G.
c.
peralta.
• reticulated
giraffe
Giraffa
reticulata.
• southern
giraffe
Giraffa
giraffa
with
subspecies
Angolan
giraffe
G.
g.
angolensis;
and
South
African
giraffe
G.
g.
giraffe.
Africa-‐wide
Giraffe
Conservation
Strategic
Framework:
Road
Map_August
2016
1
Conservation
Status
Currently
listed
as
Least
Concern
on
the
IUCN
Red
List,
giraffe
(Giraffa
spp.)
were
reportedly
widespread
across
Africa,
with
a
population
estimate
of
more
than
one
million
individuals
a
century
ago.
In
the
mid
1980s,
giraffe
numbers
were
estimated
at
approximately
153,000
individuals
(East
1999;
Fennessy
&
Brown
2010;
GCF
2016).
Current
estimates
on
giraffe
in
the
wild
indicate
~100,000
individuals,
and
importantly
the
IUCN
SSC
GOSG
is
currently
finalising
the
first-‐ever
detailed
conservation
assessment
of
giraffe
numbers,
range
and
threats
scheduled
to
be
released
in
late
2016.
Based
on
the
overall
decline
of
giraffe
in
the
last
three
decades,
especially
of
some
(sub)species,
it
is
likely
the
taxon
will
warrant
listing
in
a
higher
category
of
threat
on
the
IUCN
Red
List
than
its
current
status.
Future
assessments
of
the
(sub)species
will
be
undertaken
in
time
and
the
majority
will
also
likely
warrant
listing
in
a
high
category
of
threat
on
the
IUCN
Red
List.
Although
a
few
(sub)species
and
populations
remain
stable
or
are
increasing,
in
particular
southern
giraffe
with
both
subspecies
Angolan
and
South
African
giraffe,
others
are
clearly
in
a
more
precarious
situation.
The
population
in
Niger
was
estimated
at
49
individuals
in
the
mid-‐1990s
(Ciofolo
et
al.
2000),
and
has
since
increased
to
more
than
400
individuals
in
2015
(Niger
Ministry
of
Environment
pers.
comm.).
In
1998,
East
(1999)
estimated
that
a
little
more
than
500
Nubian
(including
Rothschild’s)
giraffe
remained,
with
the
populations
in
(South)
Sudan
unknown.
In
the
early
1970s,
the
population
in
the
Murchison
Falls
Conservation
Area
(MFCA),
consisting
of
Murchison
Falls
National
Park
(MFNP)
and
the
adjacent
wildlife
reserves
of
Bugungu
and
Karuma,
in
the
north-‐western
parts
of
Uganda,
was
estimated
at
150-‐200
individuals
(Rwetsiba
2006;
NEMA
2009;
Rwetsiba
et
al.
2012).
Several
aerial
sample
counts
of
wildlife
in
the
MFCA
were
conducted
in
the
1990s
and
the
population
had
decreased
to
an
estimated
78
giraffe
in
1991
(Olivier
1991).
The
current
Nubian
giraffe
population
in
MFNP
has
and
continues
to
increase
since
civil
unrest
in
this
part
of
Uganda
ceased,
and
MFNP
is
now
home
to
the
largest
(and
growing)
remaining
natural
population,
estimated
at
over
1,250
individuals
(M.
Brown
unpublished
data).
Unfortunately,
the
Kordofan,
Masai
and
reticulated
giraffe
numbers
are
not
as
promising
with
large
declines
recorded
over
the
last
three
decades,
and
their
conservation
status
requires
urgent
updating.
Ongoing
efforts
to
better
estimate
the
continent's
giraffe
populations
will
allow
a
more
accurate
assessment
of
all
(sub)species'
conservation
status,
which
are
currently
limited
by
lack
of
resources
and
capacity,
as
well
as
a
general
lack
of
understanding
of
the
plight
of
giraffe.
IUCN
Red
List
-‐
Species
• 2016
–
TBA
(late
2016
–
likely
higher
threatened
category)
• 2010
–
Least
Concern
• 1996
–
Lower
Risk/conservation
dependent
IUCN
Red
List
–
(sub)species
(others
not
assessed)
•
2016/17
–
TBA
(likely
many
(sub)species
in
higher
threatened
categories)
• 2010
–
Endangered
(G.
c.
rothschildi)1
• 2008
–
Endangered
(G.
c.
peralta)
CITES
• Not
listed
Source:
Fennessy
&
Brown
2008;
Fennessy
&
Brenneman
2010
1
subsumed
in
G.
c.
camelopardalis
Africa-‐wide
Giraffe
Conservation
Strategic
Framework:
Road
Map_August
2016
2
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