Freight matters Insight into the UK freight industry's key data, trends and issues July 2019 - Aecom
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Freight matters Insight into the UK freight industry’s key data, trends and issues July 2019
Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Foreword
Welcome to AECOM’s first
Freight Matters report.
The freight sector is an important
and growing contributor to the
UK economy. At the same time,
it is facing significant pressure
responding to evolving environmental
legislation and the costs and effects
of the UK’s changing relationship with Keyvan Rahmatabadi
the European Union. Director,
Our Freight Matters 2019 report Head of Transportation Planning, UK
provides expert analysis of the and Ireland, AECOM
leading domestic and international
freight statistics and research
sources that matter, covering all
modes of transport — road, rail,
water and air.
It brings together, in one place, a
high-level overview of industry trends
with insight from AECOM’s freight
and logistics specialists.
We hope you find the information
useful and stimulating.
2
Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Contents
The UK Freight Sector 4
Road Freight 5
Air Quality Matters 8
Rail Freight 9
EU Matters 12
Water Freight 13
Safety Matters 16
Air Freight 17
Technology Matters 20
Sources 21
AECOM Freight and Logistics 22
Authors 23
3
Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Freight in the UK
The freight sector is one of
the UK’s largest industries Rail
and plays a crucial role in the
economy, contributing an
estimated £62 billion Gross Water
9%
Value Added (GVA) yearly.
13% Total goods moved
Domestic air freight (domestic, 2017)
represents a small portion of
goods moved compared to 189 billion
tonne-kilometres
the other modes.
Road
Road freight is the
predominant mode for the 78%
domestic movement
of goods.
150 Road
120
90
Total goods moved (UK billion tonne-kilometres)
60
30
Water
Rail
0
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
The linked sources for these figures are listed in Sources, page 21.
4
Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Road freight
In the twelve months ending March Similarly, international road freight The top freight commodity
2018, goods moved — which is a activity for HGVs registered in transported by road in 2017, as a
measure of freight that takes account the UK and transporting freight proportion of goods lifted, is food
of the weight of the load and the internationally decreased by two per products.3 The UK food and drink
distance that it is hauled — in the cent from the previous period, with supply chain depends heavily on
UK by GB-registered heavy goods 7.7 million tonnes of international road transport to service regional
vehicles (HGVs) totalled 149 billion goods lifted.2 distribution centres and stores.
tonne-kilometres. This represents
This decrease could be explained by The following section provides up-to-
a 1 per cent decrease compared to
different factors, such as pressure on date key statistics on domestic and
the previous twelve months. Goods
price, driver shortage, the increase in international road freight activity in
lifted — which is the quantity derived
the cost of diesel and the uncertainty the UK.
by adding together the weight of all
over Britain’s future relationship with
the loads carried — decreased by 7
the European Union (EU).
per cent, to 1.37 billion tonnes in the
same period.1
ROAD FREIGHT JARGON
CAN bus
Modern vehicles use a CAN bus to transfer
information between the various electronic
vehicle components and devices. It helps
register fuel consumption and driving style
and streamline maintenance processes.
Cabotage
Cabotage is the transport of goods between
two places in the same country by a
transport operator from another country.
Direct Vision Standard
The Direct Vision Standard (DVS) for HGVs
assesses and rates how much a driver can
see directly from their HGV cab in relation to
other road users. The DVS forms part of a
proposed Safety Permit for all HGVs over 12
tonnes entering London.
Fleet Operator Recognition Scheme
The Fleet Operator Recognition Scheme
(FORS) is a voluntary accreditation scheme
that measures fleet performance and aims to
drive up standards across areas, such as fuel
efficiency, carbon emissions and road safety.
1 h
ttps://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/748101/road-freight-statistics-
april-2017-to-march-2018.pdf
2 Ibid.
3 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/728840/rfs0104.ods
5
Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Road – Domestic
Contribution Goods lifted by commodity 2017
to UK economy: (million tonnes)
£12.4 billion
(up 4% on 2015)
Groupage 129
Agricultural 97
Coal, Lignite 7
Mail, parcels 36
Employment: Metal ore,
284,000
other mining,
quarrying 287
Waste 153
individuals
(up 15% on 2015)
Metal 45
Licensed HGVs: Food incl.
499,400
beverages and
Glass, cement, tobacco 287
HGVs were other non-metallic
licensed in Great Britain at the end of minerals 135
2017, of which around 408,200 were Chemical 51
taxed as goods vehicles. Coke, Refined
petroleum 43
▽
GOODS MOVED
149 billion
tonne-kilometres
DOWN 1%
▽
GOODS LIFTED
1.37 billion tonnes DOWN 7%
Artic Rigid
3.19 km 3.26 km
per litre, 2016 per litre, 2016
The linked sources for these figures are listed in Sources, page 21.
6
Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Road – International
Top EU countries trading with the UK:
Imports to UK Exports from UK
Goods lifted by road 2016 Goods moved by road 2016
(thousand tonnes) (thousand tonnes)
1400 800
700
1200
600
1000
500
800
400
600
300
400 200
200 100
0 0
m
ce
y
nd
s
m
ce
y
nd
s
ly
nd
nd
an
an
Ita
iu
iu
an
an
la
la
m
m
lg
lg
rla
rla
Ire
Ire
Fr
Fr
er
er
Be
Be
he
he
G
G
et
et
N
N
GOODS MOVED
2.6 billion 2.5 billion
tonne-kilometres 5.1 billion tonne-kilometres
▽
to the UK tonne-kilometres from the UK
DOWN 1%
GOODS MOVED
7.7 billion
▽
tonne-kilometres
3.6 million DOWN 2%
4.0 million
tonnes
Exported from the UK
tonnes
Imported to the UK
The linked sources for these figures are listed in Sources, page 21.
7
Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Air quality matters
Raj Sharma
Principal Consultant,
Freight and Logistics,
AECOM, UK and Ireland
There has been a growing trend Both LEZs and CAZs are reactive — such as Kuehne + Nagel,
of local authorities across the responses to combat poor air quality, Wincanton and Asda — will trial the
UK planning or implementing but how successful can these effectiveness of gas-powered heavy
Low Emission Zones (LEZ) or, like initiatives be and what impact do they goods vehicles (HGVs) new to the
Birmingham, Leeds, Nottingham, have on the freight industry? UK market, as well as new cryogenic
Derby and Southampton, being transport refrigeration units.
Current impacts
mandated by the Government to
There are other solutions, including
introduce Clean Air Zones (CAZ). Studies have shown that the
out-of-hours deliveries that move
introduction of LEZs and CAZs do
Reactive solutions delivery and servicing activity out-of-
indeed help reduce emissions in
peak hours, and last-mile deliveries
The Government expects 23 local those areas. There is also evidence,
that use electric vehicles or cycles,
authorities to reach illegal pollution however, showing that the level of
that involve minimal cost for the
levels by 2021. In response, they air quality is significantly reduced
operator to implement and could
must all carry out a feasibility to outside these boundaries.
even result in improved efficiencies.
determine whether a CAZ is required.
Many of these zones ban older freight
The reality for most operators,
Nottingham City Council and and servicing vehicles, but operators
however, is that, with charges of up to
Southampton City Council have will typically use their most polluting
£100 a day for HGVs below the Euro
recently rejected plans to implement fleet outside of these zones, again
VI standard, the only option will be to
a CAZ, because they feel the decreasing the air quality beyond
pass the costs on to their customers.
measures they already have in place of the set boundaries. So, is the
Yes, it is true that these zones may
to improve quality meet the legal problem just being pushed from one
encourage operators to upgrade
requirement. area to another? It would be useful for
their fleet, but the impact on smaller
policy development to monitor the
Nottingham City Council’s existing operators will be greater and they
air quality levels outside the zones
projects to improve air quality include may find this difficult to achieve.
before and after the introduction of
retrofitting 180 buses with clean
these initiatives.
exhaust technology, requiring every taxi
and private hire vehicle in the city to be Making zero-emissions
low emission, and the council replacing technology work
its own fleet of heavy vehicles — such
From an industry perspective,
as bin lorries — with electric or other
operators and manufacturers have
low-emission vehicles.
to explore options to make zero-
emission technology work for them.
For example, companies, such as
Calor, have explored alternative
fuels and schemes. This includes
the ‘Dedicated to gas’ trial led by
Air Liquide, under which operators
8
Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Rail freight
Rail freight activity contributes emissions, with 8.2 million lorry Rail freight trains through the
£870 million to the UK economy journeys avoided in 2017.3 Rail is also Channel Tunnel offer the advantage
and employs approximately 6,300 an increasingly safe form of transport, of a Channel crossing without the
individuals.1 with a 54 per cent reduction in freight need for modal shift, in an eco-
train accidents over the last ten-year friendly means of transport; and
Overall, freight moved by rail has
average.4 with a service quality independent
declined in 2018, with approximately
of weather conditions and road
17 billion tonne-kilometres moved. Internationally, the value of trade
networks. After a significant surge
This represents a 1.7 per cent transported via the Channel Tunnel
in traffic from 2010 to mid-2015,
drop from 2017, and 9 per cent — including Le Shuttle — was worth
Channel Tunnel rail freight trains in
of UK’s total goods moved. This £121.92 billion in 2016, equivalent to
traffic dropped by one-half due to
recent decline in freight moved 26 per cent of total UK-EU trade.
disruption by migrants in the Calais
by rail has been the result of a fall
EU imports from the UK reached area, before stabilising in 2016 and
in coal moved.2 This is due to the
£61.05 billion in 2016 and exports returning to strong growth, reflected
Government’s energy policy phasing
accounted for up to £60.87 billion, by 2,077 freight trains running
out coal-fired electricity generation in
with postal and carrier freight the through the tunnel in 2018.6
the UK by 2025.
largest category of both imports and
The next section presents recent
Rail freight has contributed to exports.5
data on UK rail freight operations.
reducing congestion and carbon
RAIL FREIGHT JARGON
Total Operations Processing System
The Total Operations Processing System
(TOPS) is a computer-based program used
to monitor the movements of all freight and
passenger rolling stock and locomotives.
Rolling Stock
This is any stock that can run on the track.
It includes locomotives, carriages, freight
wagons and maintenance vehicles.
Loading Gauge
The maximum height and width for railway
vehicles and their loads to ensure safe
passage through bridges, tunnels and other
structures.
Intermodal Transport
The transport of freight in an intermodal
container/vehicle, using multiple transport
modes, without any handling of the freight
itself when changing modes.
1 https://www.unipartrail.com/assets/oe_report_ria2018.pdf
2 http://orr.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/27919/freight-rail-usage-2017-18-quarter-4.pdf
3 Ibid.
4 https://www.rssb.co.uk/Library/risk-analysis-and-safety-reporting/annual-safety-performance-report-2017-18.pdf
5 https://www.getlinkgroup.com/uploadedFiles/assets-uk/the-channel-tunnel/180604-EY-Channel-Tunnel-Footprint-Report.pdf
6 https://www.getlinkgroup.com/uk/eurotunnel-group/operations/traffic-figures/
9
Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Rail – Domestic
×
GOODS MOVED GOODS LIFTED LORRY JOURNEYS
2017–18 2017–18
AVOIDED 2016–17
17 billion
tonne-kilometres
75 million
tonnes 8.2 million
lorry journeys
avoided
Total output of the Goods lifted by commodity 2017
freight rail sector, 2016: (million tonnes)
£0.9 billion
Oth
.24
(up 4% on 2015)
1
er 1
Coal
2
1.4
.70
Employment:
als
et
6,300
M
individuals
(2016) Con
struc
SAFETY estic
Dommodal
tion
4.31
inter 6.72
54%
Oil, p
reduction in
International
freight train accidents
etro 4.31
leum
(from last ten-year average)
0.49
500,000
Total number of freight train
400,000 movements per annum
300,000
200,000
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
The linked sources for these figures are listed in Sources, page 21.
10Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Rail – International
2,077 freight trains through the Channel Tunnel in 2018
UK trade through the Channel Tunnel — 2017
£60.87 £61.05
billion billion
EXPORTS IMPORTS
TOTAL: £121.92 billion including Le Shuttle
2.0
Rail freight carried through the
1.5
Channel Tunnel (million tonnes)
1.0
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
The linked sources for these figures are listed in Sources, page 21.
11Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
EU matters
Daniel Bowden
Principal Consultant,
Freight and Logistics, AECOM, UK and Ireland
In the year ending March 2018, 3.5 EU remain complex — namely how Flexible, resilient and responsive
million road goods vehicles travelled goods coming through borders will
While it is important not to play
from Great Britain (GB) to Europe; and be managed. Even if the transport
down the potential adverse impacts
in 2017, UK heavy goods vehicles sector in the UK post-Brexit may not
of a no deal Brexit, UK logistics
(HGVs) made 261,000 trips from GB look wildly different to how it looks
operators have a reputation for being
to mainland Europe and 83,000 trips now, the big question is how UK
flexible, resilient and responsive.
from GB to the Irish Republic. Some transport providers and businesses
When faced with difficult situations,
99 per cent of these journeys did not will interact with the EU in the future.
such as adverse weather or when
require customs checks.
Future interaction industrial action occurs, the industry
EU hauliers operate over 80 per cent is praised time and again for its ability
In July 2018, the Haulage Permits
of the freight transported by heavy to adapt. While trade may not be
and Trailer Registration Act 2018
goods vehicles (HGV) between the frictionless, the logistic industry will
received Royal Assent, providing for
UK and Continental Europe. Intra- face challenges, but certainly won’t
a registration scheme for trailers in
EU aviation routes grew by 303 per collapse.
international circulation. Coupled
cent between 1992 and 2015, and
with additional arrangements around Whatever the outcome, the freight
rail connections via the Channel
driving licences, trailer registration transport sector, along with other
Tunnel continue to provide a critical,
and potentially Driver Certificate sectors, will be affected by Brexit.
high-speed Roll-on/Roll-off (Ro-Ro)
of Professional Competence The best way to prepare is to
connection between the UK and
(CPC), the no deal scenario adds familiarise the industry with the
mainland Europe.1
significant difficulty to an already possible outcomes, be aware of new
Maintaining the status-quo heavily regulated sector, as well requirements that may be imposed
as challenges around borders, post-Brexit, and carefully consider
The UK Government is keen to
customs/security declarations, driver the resilience of the industry towards
maintain the status-quo in terms
resourcing and traffic management. a possible temporary disruption.
of transport operators’ rights and
freedoms following the UK’s exit from Industry associations, such as the
the EU. Aligning on safety, security Road Haulage Association (RHA)
and regulation will also be key, and Freight Transport Association
through a combination of bi-lateral (FTA) continue to lobby government
agreements or as part of a wider around the needs of the industry and
free-trade deal. the imperative to ensure ‘frictionless
borders’ as well as holding them to
As well intentioned as that may be,
account when they fall short of their
the practicalities of a deal with the
expectations.
1 h
ttps://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/714676/Framework_for_the_UK-EU_
partnership_Transport.pdf
12Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Water freight
The freight maritime sector last 30 years. In 2017, freight traffic accounting for 55 per cent of all
contributes over £14.5 billion per through all UK ports accounted for international cargo moved.4 The
year to the UK’s economy, with 481.8 million tonnes.3 Liquid bulk and UK continues to import more than
around 95 per cent of all imports and Roll-on/Roll-off (Ro-Ro) are the major it exports.
exports being transported by sea. It cargo types to be handled.
The water freight statistics provided
also supports directly 186,000 jobs.1,2
Domestic water freight traffic in this report focus on the distribution
The amount of waterborne freight accounted for 19 per cent of all of trade throughout UK ports, as well
moved has been steadily decreasing tonnage through major UK ports. as key trade partners by both short
since its peak in 2000, with the 2008 International water freight reached and deep sea.
recession resulting in the largest 383.6 million tonnes in 2017. The
year-on-year decline recorded in the majority of this was with the EU,
WATER FREIGHT JARGON
Roll-on/Roll-off
Roll-on/Roll-off (Ro-Ro) ships are vessels
designed to carry wheeled cargo, such as
cars, trucks and trailers, that are driven on
and off the ship on their own wheels or using
a platform vehicle.
Deep sea
Deep sea is maritime traffic that crosses
oceans, as opposed to short sea traffic that
can move along a coast within a continent.
Lift-on/Lift-off
Lift-on/Lift-off (Lo-Lo) ships are cargo ships
with on-board cranes to load and unload
cargo.
Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit
Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit (TEU) is a
standardised measure for the cargo-carrying
capacity of a container ship. It allows for the
different sizes of container boxes. One TEU
is equivalent to a standard 20-foot container.
1 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/725560/maritime-annual-report-2017-2018.pdf
2 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/762200/port-freight-statistics-2017.pdf
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
13Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Water
UK major port freight by cargo type, 2017
(million tonnes / Mt)
UK major ports by traffic
over 2 million tonnes 2017
Other cargo
18.8
Inward Sullom Voe
Outward Ro-Ro
107.0
Liquid
Orkney bulk
189.1
Lo-Lo
64.0
Dry bulk
91.7
Aberdeen
Glensanda
Total all UK port
freight traffic cargo
Clyde Forth
Larne
Tyne 481.8 Mt
Tees and
Belfast Harlepool
Warrenpoin
t Domestic International
98.2 Mt 383.6 Mt
Heysham
Hull
Holyhead Liverpool
d
Grimsby an
Rivers Hull Immingham
and
Mancheste
r Humber
Harwich
Ex 6
po %
3
rts
Im 64
po %
rts
en Port Felixstowe
Milford Hav Newport
Talbot
Bristol London
Southampt
on Dover
Medway
Portsmouth
Plymouth
The linked sources for these figures are listed in Sources, page 21.
14Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
of international tonnage passing
55% through major UK ports in 2017
was traffic with the EU.
Imports to UK Exports from UK
Sweden
Top five EU countries trading
with the UK in 2017
Irish Republic
Belgium
France
Netherlands
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
million tonnes
Imports to UK Exports from UK
Qatar
South Korea
Top five deep sea countries
trading with the UK in 2017
Canada
China
USA
0
5
10
15
20
million tonnes
The linked sources for these figures are listed in Sources, page 21.
15Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Safety matters
Paul Wilkes
Associate Director,
Freight and Logistics, AECOM, UK and Ireland
Road transport is a vital lifeline for the the amount of direct vision for a driver fatigue. Although, a driver may
UK economy, with goods transported driver. The focus is on ensuring that be operating within the legal number
many thousands of miles every day the risks are minimised when these of hours they are able to work, this
to meet growing customer demands. vehicles enter urban environments does not take into account lack of
Roads are becoming busier, and our where they are most likely to meet sleep or ill health that could lead to
evolving consumer lifestyles — with vulnerable road users, such as a driver being more at risk. Studies
the rise of e-commerce — means cyclists and pedestrians. have shown that driver fatigue may
commercial vehicle traffic is increasing. be a contributory factor in up to 20
The right skills and experience
It is a tough environment for any fleet per cent of road incidents.1
operator in a market where margins are Many fleets are also ensuring that
Fatigue monitoring devices appear
kept low due to the high operational their drivers have the correct skills
to be an emerging solution, with
costs of vehicles, driver compensation and experience for the type of vehicle
the widespread use of wearable
and the highly competitive nature of they are using.
technology. The devices can monitor
the haulage industry.
For HGVs, this is a simpler process and detect changes in the driver’s
Safety as a differentiator due to the requirements of the behaviour and activity, including eye
existing licensing arrangements. movements, blink rates and head
Many fleets are focusing on safety
motion, to determine an accurate
as a key differentiator in the market. For vans, however, this is more of a
level of driver fatigue or drowsiness.
Schemes, such as the Fleet problem. The fact that drivers are able
Alerts and beeps are sent to inform
Operator Recognition Scheme to operate vans with their car licence
the driver.
(FORS), are used by many fleets as means that a driver may not be used
an independent benchmark of how to such a large vehicle, and may Whatever the technology, a well-
they are operating. FORS and new require some familiarisation training rested driver is a safer one. It is both
requirements in London around the before taking to the roads. the responsibility of managers and
Direct Vision Standard (DVS) are drivers to protect themselves, their
Tackling driver fatigue
mandating specific safety equipment colleagues and other road users.
for heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) to Another area that is becoming more
eliminate blind spots and increase of a focus related to HGVs and vans is
1 https://www.rospa.com/road-safety/advice/drivers/fatigue/
16Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Air freight
Air freight only handles a small computer and electronics, among In the UK, the five London airports
proportion of the total freight activity others.1 In 2017, 2.6 million tonnes — Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted,
in terms of tonne-kilometres, focusing of freight was handled by air, a 10 Luton and City — accounted for 78
on high-value and time-sensitive per cent increase from 2016 and the per cent of freight. Heathrow is the
goods. Although air is the mode that largest amount on record.2 main airport, both for domestic and
moves the least volume of goods international movements, handling a
In 2017, air freight represented 49
within and outside the UK, air freight total of 64 per cent of freight traffic in
per cent of the UK’s non-EU exports
brings a Gross Value Added (GVA) 2017.4
by value, approximately £91.5 billion,
of £87.3 billion to the UK annually,
and 35 per cent of imports, which The next section presents recent
including a significant proportion of
accounted for £89.9 billion. For non- data on the air freight industry and its
the GVA of several key industries,
EU trade, air represents over 40 per value to the UK economy.
such as pharmaceuticals, transport
cent of traded value, and only one per
equipment, machinery and equipment,
cent of volume.3
AIR FREIGHT JARGON
Hub
A transport hub is a central location
where cargo is transported to, and then
consolidated with other freight going to the
same destination.
Air Transport Movements
Air Transport Movements (ATMs) are all
scheduled aircraft movements (whether
loaded or empty) and loaded charter
movements.
Unit Load Device
A Unit Load Device (ULD) is a device used to
consolidate and move cargo being shipped
onto an aircraft.
Chargeable weight
Chargeable weight is the amount that the
carrier will charge to move a shipment. It is
whichever the greater of the gross weight or
the volumetric weight.
1 h
ttp://airlinesuk.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Assessment-of-the-value-of-air-freight-services-to-the-UK-economy-Final-Report-v22-Oct-
2018-b-SENT.pdf
2 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/762011/tsgb-2018-report-summaries.pdf
3 h
ttp://airlinesuk.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Assessment-of-the-value-of-air-freight-services-to-the-UK-economy-Final-Report-v22-Oct-
2018-b-SENT.pdf
4 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/762011/tsgb-2018-report-summaries.pdf
17Air – Domestic
Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Freight traffic at UK airports 2017
Heathrow 64%
Gatwick 3%
Manchester 5%
Luton 1%
Other 18%
Stansted 9%
HAN DLED
FR EIGHT to n n es
2.6 million
on 201
6
up 10%
Gross Value Added dependent
on air freight by industry
Employment: £ billion
150,000
individuals Pharmaceuticals
Other 14.30 13.90
(2018)
Machinery and
Total equipment
Other £87.3 8.80
transport
equipment
14.30
billion Other
manufacturing
8.30
90
2.
Colectr opti
ls and
ing
e d
0
mp on cal
3.0
an 30
th
ica m
nd
8.
0
Basic meta
lo
em leu
6.00
ut ic
t 5.3
rts a
C
ch etro
er,
ente tive a
men
,p
ke
Co
rtain
Crea
ls
The linked sources for these figures are listed in Sources, page 21.
18Air – International
Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
EU Other international
Gatwick
Heathrow
London City
International freight at
London airports 2017
Luton
Stansted
0
5
10
15
20
million tonnes
Air Other
49% modes £185.5 EXPORTS
51% billion non-EU
Air Other
IMPORTS £253.7 65% modes
non-EU
billion 35%
The linked sources for these figures are listed in Sources, page 21.
19Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Technology matters
Prof. Geoff Clarke
Regional Director,
Freight and Logistics, AECOM, UK and Ireland
Technology is not only changing
the way we live and work, but also
fundamentally transforming the
supply chain. With the rise in global
sourcing, the effective use of cloud-
based Information Technology (IT)
provides transparency and efficiency.
Notable changes are happening in
the following key areas:
Communication and data
IT facilitates the seamless integration
of end-to-end transport by enabling
quick electronic data transfer Operational efficiency New concept innovations
between the freight carriers, facility
IT is used to monitor real-time traffic Aerial drones, robotic delivery
providers and other parties in the
information and provides reliable agents, driverless trucks, Hyperloop,
supply chain. Paperless information
estimates of arrival times, and thus maglev (derived from magnetic
flow saves handling time and
improves operational efficiency. levitation) trains, solar-powered
provides real-time data transfer,
IT equipment, both in the control planes, engineless flight and crewless
enabling electronic transactions
centre and on-board, facilitates the automated cargo ships are all
and data analysis, supported by
monitoring of real time positions by projects at different stages of testing.
the emergence of 5G Network
using satellite navigation. If incidents Time will tell which of these become
communications. Price, agility and
occur or congestion is detected, then mainstream.
availability of emerging technologies
intelligent re-routing is performed —
within cloud platforms contribute to At a time of uncertainty and ever-
leading to time and fuel savings.
the rapid adoption of electronic data tighter margins for the freight
transfer across the globe. People and productivity transport sector, the successful
implementation and use of new
Vehicles and systems Companies are reliant on a safe
technologies can generate greater
and efficient workforce. On-board
There are various trials of vehicle- operational efficiencies.
diagnostics systems help managers
based technology, including lorry
to understand driver behaviour. Any innovation must be safe,
platooning, and semi-autonomous
Sensors record aggressive or poor affordable and secure industry and
and autonomous vehicles.
driving behaviours with on-board public acceptance to make a real
In Sweden, Volvo’s first self-driving cameras that capture the driver’s eye difference. This, in turn, requires good
bin lorry is under trial and should view on the road/railway and provide business practice, organisational
be safer and more environmentally evidence in the event of an accident. skill, and planning from across the
friendly. The lorries follow a IT is used to assess driver skills and UK freight industry to fully realise the
programmed route, going from one inform both the company and drivers potential benefits.
wheelie-bin to the next, with no driver of ways to improve their driving
in the cab. If the trial is successful, habits, saving fuel and money and
the lorries could be among the first improving safety.
unmanned heavy goods vehicles
(HGVs) on the road.
20Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Sources
Freight in the UK, page 4 Rail | Domestic, page 10 Air | Domestic, page 18
–– Gross Value Added: https:// –– Goods moved by commodity: https:// –– Freight traffic at UK airports; Freight
www.parliament.uk/documents/ www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data- handled: https://assets.publishing.service.
commons-committees/Exiting-the- sets/rai04-rail-freight gov.uk/government/uploads/system/
European-Union/17-19/Sectoral%20 uploads/attachment_data/file/762011/
Analyses/33-Road-Haulage-and- –– Goods moved; Goods lifted; Freight tsgb-2018-report-summaries.pdf
Passenger-Transport-Report.pdf train movements: http://orr.gov.uk/__data/
assets/pdf_file/0010/27919/freight-rail- –– Employment: https://assets.publishing.
–– Total goods moved (Domestic, 2017); usage-2017-18-quarter-4.pdf service.gov.uk/government/uploads/
Total goods moved (Domestic, 2008 – system/uploads/attachment_data/
2017): https://assets.publishing.service. –– Total output of the freight rail sector; file/775077/future_of_mobility.pdf
gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ Employment: https://www.unipartrail.com/
uploads/attachment_data/file/778713/ assets/oe_report_ria2018.pdf –– GVA by industry: http://airlinesuk.
tsgb-2018.pdf org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/
–– Lorry journeys avoided: http://orr.gov. Assessment-of-the-value-of-air-freight-
Road | Domestic, page 6 uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/27919/ services-to-the-UK-economy-Final-
freight-rail-usage-2017-18-quarter-4.pdf Report-v22-Oct-2018-b-SENT.pdf
–– Contribution to the economy;
Employment; Licensed HGVs: https:// –– Safety: https://www.rssb.co.uk/Library/ Air | International, page 19
assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ risk-analysis-and-safety-reporting/annual-
government/uploads/system/uploads/ safety-performance-report-2017-18.pdf –– International freight at London
attachment_data/file/728937/domestic- airports: https://www.caa.co.uk/
road-freight-2017.pdf Rail | International, page 11 uploadedFiles/CAA/Content/Standard_
Content/Data_and_analysis/Datasets/
–– Goods lifted by commodity: https:// –– Imports and Exports through Airport_stats/Airport_data_2017_annual/
assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ the Channel Tunnel: https://www. Table_14_International_and_Domestic_
government/uploads/system/uploads/ getlinkgroup.com/uploadedFiles/assets- Freight.pdf
attachment_data/file/728840/rfs0104.ods uk/the-channel-tunnel/180604-EY-
Channel-Tunnel-Footprint-Report.pdf –– Non-EU imports and exports:
–– Goods moved; Goods lifted: https:// http://airlinesuk.org/wp-content/
assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ –– Freight trains through the Channel uploads/2018/10/Assessment-of-the-
government/uploads/system/uploads/ Tunnel: https://www.getlinkgroup.com/ value-of-air-freight-services-to-the-UK-
attachment_data/file/748101/ uk/eurotunnel-group/operations/traffic- economy-Final-Report-v22-Oct-2018-b-
road-freight-statistics-april-2017-to- figures/ SENT.pdf
march-2018.pdf
–– Rail freight carried through the
–– Artic MPG; Rigid MPG: https://www.gov. Channel Tunnel: https://www.gov.uk/
uk/government/statistical-data-sets/ government/statistical-data-sets/rai01-
energy-and-environment-data-tables-env length-of-route-distance-travelled-age-
of-stock
Road | International, page 7
Water, pages 14 and 15
–– Top EU countries trading: https://assets.
publishing.service.gov.uk/government/ –– UK major ports by traffic; UK major
uploads/system/uploads/attachment_ port freight by cargo type; Total
data/file/627121/international-road- Freight Tonnage handled by all
freight-statistics-2016.pdf UK ports; Domestic; International;
Imports and Exports; International
–– International goods moved; tonnage through UK ports; Top 5 EU
International goods lifted: https://assets. countries; Top 5 deep sea countries:
publishing.service.gov.uk/government/ https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/
uploads/system/uploads/attachment_ government/uploads/system/uploads/
data/file/748101/road-freight-statistics- attachment_data/file/762200/port-freight-
april-2017-to-march-2018.pdf statistics-2017.pdf
21Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
AECOM Freight and Logistics
AECOM is a global network of Understanding the bigger picture, Our core offer includes:
experts working with clients, we can offer informed solutions to
–– Freight and logistics research
communities and colleagues to help tackle the industry’s biggest
develop and implement innovative challenges, as well as enable clients –– Freight and logistics master
solutions to the world’s most to leverage future opportunities. Our planning
complex challenges. work extends across road, rail, air and
–– Freight demand forecasting for
water modes, with specific emphasis
As a specialist offer within AECOM’s road, rail and water
on measures that drive social value,
overall service portfolio, the Freight
economic growth and environmental –– Supporting transportation by non-
and Logistics team provides specific
sustainability. We provide robust road modes
expertise across all aspects of
and cutting-edge advice on freight
freight transport. We work for a wide –– Freight and logistics infrastructure
activity, current and future transport
range of public and private sector feasibility and design
trends, the important determinants
clients, offering balanced and tailored
of freight demand, evidence-based –– Truck parking solutions
solutions to local, regional, national and
policy making and technological
international issues. Our people are our –– Freight safety, quality and
advances.
greatest asset, combining industry- efficiency programmes
leading knowledge and experience in
–– Effective planning for safe and
transport, logistics and economics to
efficient deliveries to sites
help our clients succeed.
–– Premises and developments
–– Carbon emission reduction
22Freight Matters | July 2019 AECOM
Authors
John Hix
Head of Freight and Logistics,
AECOM
UK and Ireland
john.hix@aecom.com
Dr. Aida Kaddoussi
Principal Consultant,
Freight and Logistics,
AECOM
UK and Ireland
aida.kaddoussi@aecom.com
Patricia Calixto Pires
Graduate Consultant,
Freight and Logistics,
AECOM
UK and Ireland
patricia.calixtopires@aecom.com
23About AECOM AECOM is built to deliver a better world. We design, build, finance and operate critical infrastructure assets for governments, businesses and organizations. As a fully integrated firm, we connect knowledge and experience across our global network of experts to help clients solve their most complex challenges. From high-performance buildings and infrastructure, to resilient communities and environments, to stable and secure nations, our work is transformative, differentiated and vital. A Fortune 500 firm, AECOM had revenue of approximately $20.2 billion during fiscal year 2018. See how we deliver what others can only imagine at aecom.com and @AECOM. © 2019 AECOM Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited. All Rights Reserved
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