FOR PRELIMS AND MAINS - DAILY NEWS DIARY 27.07.2021
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DAILY NEWS DIARY 27.07.2021
DAILY NEWS DIARY
Of
27.07.2021
FOR PRELIMS AND MAINS 1
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DAILY NEWS DIARY 27.07.2021
Warm Greetings.
DnD aims to provide every day news analysis in sync with the UPSC pattern.
It is targeted at UPSC – Prelims & Mains.
Daily articles are provided in the form of Question and Answers
To have a bank of mains questions.
And interesting to read.
Providing precise information that can be carried straight to the exam, rather than
over dumping.
Enjoy reading.
THE HINDU - TH
INDIAN EXPRESS - IE
BUSINESS LINE - BL
ECONOMIC TIMES - ET
TIMES OF INDIA - TOI
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DAILY NEWS DIARY 27.07.2021
INDEX
Essay Paper
1. importance of preserving ecology…………………………………………………………………………………………...04
GS 2
Polity
1. Factoring Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2020, and the National Institutes of Food Technology,
Entrepreneurship and Management Bill, 2021…………………………………………………………………………05
GS 3
Environment
1. Minimum Environmental Flow and sustainability…………………………………………………………………….07
Snippets:
1. National Mission for Clean Ganga...............................................................................................08
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DAILY NEWS DIARY 27.07.2021
ESSAY PAPER
Editorial
Q- Himachal Pradesh points to the importance of preserving ecology. Substantiate with recent
tragedies and their causes?
BACKGROUND = Himachal is famed for its scenic vistas and welcoming summer climate, and drew a few
hundred thousand tourists in June this year as States began relaxing the controls for COVID-19.
Unfortunately, there was not enough vigil against travel to risky areas, in the wake of a disastrous year
for tourism -
Resulting in the mishap in Kinnaur’s Basteri area.
The tragic death of nine tourists in a landslip in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh is another pointer
to the fragility of the ecology of the Himalayan States. Extraordinarily heavy rain pummelled the State
recently, leaving the hill slopes unstable and causing floods in built-up areas including Dharamshala. The
descending boulders from destabilised terrain, which crushed a bridge like a matchstick, are a source of
worry even for cautious local residents, and for unwary visitors, such as the tourists travelling in a van,
they can turn into sudden disaster.
Other researchers, studying the 2015 Nepal earthquake, point to high seismicity causing fatal landslides
and severe damage to hydropower structures in the Himalayas; the cost of power produced was
underestimated, while the potential was overestimated.
What should worry Himachal, and neighbouring Uttarakhand, is that the States may be entering a phase
of irreversible decline because of losses to their ecology; frequent landslides may become inevitable.
Causes -
1. Bootstrapping an incompatible model of development in the hills, represented by big hydroelectric
projects and large-scale construction activity involving destruction of forests and damming of rivers, is
an invitation to harm.
Mega hydropower, which Himachal Pradesh is working to tap as a significant source of “green” power
that substitutes energy from fossil fuels, could alter several aspects of ecology, rendering it vulnerable
to the effects of extreme events such as cloudbursts, flash floods, landslides and earthquakes.
2. The parliamentary Standing Committee on Energy during 2018-19 noted that the State could more than
double its existing harnessed hydropower potential of 10,547 MW. Kinnaur is a focus point for such
development, centred around the potential of the glacially-fed Sutlej valley, but one scientific estimate
warns that avaricious tapping of the river through all planned projects would impound nearly a quarter
of its waters in dams, and divert a staggering 72% through tunnels.
Evidently, it is impossible to assign a real value to the costs to people and communities, together with
the loss of pristine forests that weak afforestation programmes cannot replace. As catastrophic weather
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events inflict frequent, heavy losses, Himachal Pradesh and other Himalayan States can only watch their
ecological base erode. Changing course may yet preserve a lot of their natural riches.
GS 2
Polity
Q- Discuss in detail the need for the LokSabha passed Factoring Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2020,
and the National Institutes of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Bill, 2021?
BACKGROUND =
1. The Factoring Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2020 was introduced in Lok Sabha on September 14, 2020.
The Bill seeks to amend the Factoring Regulation Act, 2011 to widen the scope of entities which can
engage in factoring business. Meaning to benefit the Medium and Small Scale Enterprises.
Under the Factoring Regulation Act, 2011, factoring business is a business where an entity (referred as
factor) acquires the receivables of another entity (referred as assignor) for an amount. Receivables is
the total amount that is owed or yet to be paid by the customers (referred as the debtors) to the
assignor for the use of any goods, services or facility. Factor can be a bank, a registered non-banking
financial company or any company registered under the Companies Act. Note that credit facilities
provided by a bank against the security of receivables are not considered as factoring business.
The Reforms included –
Change in the definition of receivables: The Act defines receivables as (all or part of or undivided
interest in) the monetary sum which is the right of a person under a contract. This right may be
existing, arise in the future, or contingent arising from use of any service, facility or otherwise. The Bill
amends the definition of receivables to mean any money owed by a debtor to the assignor for toll or for
the use of any facility or services.
Change in the definition of assignment: The Act defines assignment to mean transfer (by agreement) of
undivided interest of any assignor in any receivable due from the debtor, in favour of the factor. The Bill
amends the definition to add that such a transfer can be in whole or in part (of the undivided interest in
the receivable dues).
Change in the definition of factoring business: The Act defines a factoring business to mean the
business of: (i) acquisition of receivables of an assignor by accepting assignment of such receivables, or
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(ii) financing against the security interests of any receivables through loans or advances. The Bill
amends this to define factoring business as acquisition of receivables of an assignor by assignment for a
consideration. The acquisition should be for the purpose of collection of the receivables or for financing
against such assignment.
Registration of factors: Under the Act, no company can engage in factoring business without registering
with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). For a non-banking financial company (NBFC) to engage in a
factoring business, its: (i) financial assets in the factoring business, and (ii) income from the factoring
business should both be more than 50% (of the gross assets/net income) or more than a threshold as
notified by the RBI. The Bill removes this threshold for NBFCs to engage in factoring business.
Registration of transactions: Under the Act, factors are required to register the details of every
transaction of assignment of receivables in their favour. These details should be recorded with the
Central Registry setup under the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement
of Security Interest (SARFAESI) Act, 2002 within a period of 30 days. If they fail to do so, the company
and each officer failing to comply may be punished with a fine of up to five thousand rupees per day till
the default continues. The Bill removes the 30 day time period. It states that the time period, manner
of registration, and payment fee for late registration may be specified by the regulations.
Further, the Bill states that where trade receivables are financed through Trade Receivables Discounting
System (TReDS), the details regarding transactions should be filed with the Central Registry by
the concerned TReDS, on behalf of the factor. Note that TReDS is an electronic platform for facilitating
financing of trade receivables of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.
RBI to make regulations: The Bill empowers RBI to make regulations for: (i) the manner of granting
registration certificates to a factor, (ii) the manner of filing of transaction details with the Central
Registry for transactions done through the TReDS, and (iii) any other matter as required.
2. The National Institutes of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Bill, 2021.
This landmark step will provide these Institutes Greater Autonomy, so that they can start new and
innovative courses, as well as help them to attract excellent faculty and students.
These institutes will have curricular provision related to food processing areas e.g. cold chain
technology, food bio nanotechnology which can help in filling the technological gap.
Hereafter all efforts will be made to upgrade infrastructure, Human Resources and lab facilities at par
with IITs and IIMs. Indian students can be trained internationally in Food Science and Technology, being
the only stand-alone University.
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It will be credited with funds received from the central government and other sources, including fees
and other charges. The accounts of each institute will be audited by the Comptroller and Auditor
General of India.
Under the Bill, any dispute arising out of a contract between the institute and any of its employees will
be referred to a Tribunal of Arbitration. The decision of the Tribunal will be considered final, after which
the matter cannot be raised in any civil court.
GS 3
Environment
Q- Discuss the concept of Minimum Environmental Flow and sustainability in relation to the river
Yamuna?
BACKGROUND = Levels of fecal coliform (microbes from human and animal excreta) is above desirable
limits in all points tested in the Yamuna in Delhi, except for Palla where the river enters the Capital.
In the absence of a “minimum environmental flow” (flow of water) of the Yamuna in Delhi, it is very
difficult to achieve even bathing quality standards of the river water.
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, an environmental flow is the water
provided within a river, wetland or coastal zone to maintain ecosystems and their benefits where
there are competing water uses and where flows are regulated.
Yamuna -
1. Minimum environmental flow for the dilution of the polluted water in the Yamuna in Delhi is required to
meet the desired water quality levels in the river for bathing purpose i.e. BOD5 mg/l
2. For bathing in a river, the desirable level of fecal coliform in the water is 500 MPN/100 ml or lesser, as
per the Central Pollution Control Board. But the level was as high as 1,40,000 MPN/100 ml — 280 times
the desired level — at Okhla Barrage, a point along the river in Delhi.
3. The 22 km stretch of Yamuna from Wazirabad to Okhla in Delhi, which is less than 2% of the river length,
accounts for about 80% of the pollution load in the river.
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Snippets
GS 3
Environment
Q- Write a note on The National Mission for Clean Ganga and its objectives?
The National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), conceived as a ₹20,000-crore programme in 2014 to
clean up the river, has so far been allocated ₹15,074 crore.
Of this only ₹10,972 crore, or about two-thirds, has been released by the Finance Ministry to the NMCG,
a body under the Jal Shakti Ministry.
The NMCG further allocates the money to the riverine States.
Several sets of interventions for cleaning and rejuvenation of the river had been taken up such as
treating domestic sewage, industrial effluent and solid waste, river front management, maintaining
ecological flow, rural sanitation, afforestation, biodiversity conservation, and public participation.
Overall, 346 projects had been taken up at a sanctioned cost of ₹30,235 crore, out of which, 158
projects are completed.
The amount sanctioned is much higher because they are sewage treatment infrastructure projects with
government support until 15 years from the present.
Uttar Pradesh, at ₹3,535 crore, has received the most funds, followed by Bihar (₹2,631 crore), Bengal
(₹1,030 cr) and Uttarakhand (₹1001 cr).
Sewerage projects for towns along the Ganga in Uttarakhand have already been completed for pollution
abatement under the Namami Gange program and the Mission has been focussing on rejuvenation of
tributaries of the Ganga with priority on the polluted stretches.
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Which of the metropolitan cities in the world have the ‘Drink from Tap project’ successfully
implemented?
1. New York
2. London
3. Singapore
4. Puri
a. 2 alone
b. 1 and 2
c. 1, 2 and 3
d. All of the above
Operation Sankalp, which was in the news recently is related to?
a. It is a measure taken by the Bihar Government to deal with Acute Encephalitis Syndrome.
b. It is cleanliness drive initiated by Indian Coast Guards for removing plastic pollutants from
the coastal region.
c. It is a vaccination drive initiated by Government for eradicating measles from India.
d. It is a measure taken by the Indian Navy to assure the safety and security of the Indian
vessels in the Persian Gulf.
Answer: D
The Indian Navy has launched ‘Operation Sankalp’ in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman
as a measure to assure the safety and security of the Indian vessels, following the recent
maritime incidents in the region. Hence, option D is correct.
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