FLASH APPEAL KENYA DROUGHT - SUMMARY FLASH APPEAL OCT-DEC 2021 - ReliefWeb
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
FLASH APPEAL FLASH APPEAL
OCT-DEC 2021
KENYA DROUGHT ISSUED SEPTEMBER 2021
SUMMARY
1
KENYA DROUGHT FLASH APPEAL 2021
Overview Map
SOUTH SUDAN
ETHIOPIA
Turkana
Mandera
Marsabit
UGANDA
Wajir
West Pokot
Samburu SOMALIA
Elgeyo Isiolo
Trans Nzoia
Marakwet
Bungoma
Baringo
Uasin
Busia Gishu
Kakamega Laikipia
Meru
Nandi
Vihiga
Siaya
Kisumu Nyandarua
Kericho Tharaka-Nithi
Nyeri
Nakuru
Kirinyaga
Homa Bay Embu Garissa
Nyamira
Kisii Bomet Murang'a
L. Victoria Migori Kiambu
Narok
Nairobi Machakos
Kitui
Tana River
Kajiado Lamu
Makueni
TANZANIA
Taita Taveta
PeopleTargeted
Indian Ocean
IPC Acute Food Insecurity Phase
> 100,000 Kwale
1: Minimal 4: Emergency Mombasa
100k
5: Catastrophe/
2: Stressed Famine
Not classified / 50k
3: Crisis no data availableFLASH APPEAL AT A GLANCE
Flash Appeal at
a Glance
PEOPLE TARGETED REQUIREMENTS (US$) RECIEVED (US$) OPERATIONAL PARTNERS
1.27M 139.5M >28.5M 45
Overall: 1.2M By Gender and Age
people targeted Elderly Men - >60 (T)
28,721
SOUTH SUDAN
Girls -KENYA DROUGHT FLASH APPEAL 2021
Context of the
Crisis
The cumulative impact of two consecutive poor rainy seasons, Over 465,200 children under 5 and over 93,300 pregnant or lactating
coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic, insecurity, pests and women are acutely malnourished in the ASAL region, according
diseases have caused humanitarian needs to rapidly rise in the to the latest IPC Acute Malnutrition Analysis. The nutrition situation
Arid and Semi-Arad Lands (ASAL) region of Kenya, leading to the is Critical (IPC Acute Malnutrition (AMN) Phase 4) in Garissa, Wajir,
declaration of a national disaster by the President of Kenya on 8 Mandera, Samburu, Turkana, North Horr and Laisamis sub-counties in
September 2021. Both the 2020 short rains (October to December) Marsabit County and Tiaty in Baringo County and Serious (IPC AMN
and the 2021 long rains (March to May) were poor across the ASAL Phase 3) in Tana River and West Pokot Counties. Worryingly, acute
counties. The two rainy seasons were characterized by late onset malnutrition has surpassed the emergency threshold in many areas,
rainfall in most counties, as well as poor distribution of rainfall in time affecting between 15 per cent and 30 per cent of children in at least
and space. In addition, forecasts indicate that the upcoming short eight counties. Low food and milk availability, high morbidity, limited
rains season (October to December 2021) is likely to be below-average, access to health and nutrition services, stock-out of essential supplies
compounded by the negative Indian Ocean Dipole. for management of acute malnutrition and poor childcare practices,
coupled with underlying issues such as poverty, high illiteracy, and
There are now at least 2.1 million people who are severely food
poor infrastructure have resulted in atypically high acute malnutrition
insecure and adopting irreversible coping strategies to meet
prevalence across pastoral areas. In the period ahead, the nutrition
their minimum food needs, and this is expected to rise to nearly
situation is projected to worsen, particularly affecting children and
2.4 million people from November 2021, according to the latest
mothers, in Turkana, Samburu, Mandera, Garissa, Wajir, Isiolo and
Integrated Phase Classification (IPC) analysis. This will include an
North Horr and Laisamis, and will deteriorate significantly if the 2021
estimated 368,000 people in Emergency (IPC Phase 4) and 2 million
short rains perform poorly, as anticipated.
people in Crisis (IPC Phase 3), and is nearly three times (852,000) the
number of people who were facing high acute food insecurity from Access to water is an urgent concern for both humans and
October to December 2020. Nine counties are expected to have the livestock. Many open water sources -including rivers, water pans,
highest numbers of people in IPC Phase 3 and above from November and dams- have dried up across pastoral and marginal agricultural
2021 onwards: Turkana, Mandera, Lamu, Garissa, Wajir, Kwale, livelihood zones, and other open water sources at 20 to 40 percent
Kitui, Tana River and Isiolo. Food insecurity is expected to worsen of capacity. Eighty-seven per cent of counties report above-average
in the period ahead based on the likelihood of poor rains during the distances to water sources for households and 78 per cent report
upcoming short rains season (October to December). above-average distances to water for livestock, according to the latest
NDMA monitoring. Household trekking distances to watering points
Livelihoods have been severely impacted by the multiple shocks
have increased to an average of 2 to 6 kilometers, up from the five-year
that communities have endured over the past year. The 2021 long
average of 1 to 5 kilometers. Across most pastoral areas, livestock
rains production in the marginal areas is expected to be 42 to 70
return trekking distances have also increased: in Marsabit, trekking
per cent below the long-term average (LTA) for maize, 61 to 89 per
distances are exceptionally high at 25 to 30 kilometers, compared to
cent below LTA for green grams and 58 to 86 per cent below LTA for
15 to 20 kilometers normally; in Wajir, livestock trekking distances
cowpeas. For farming households, below-average harvests result
range from 15 to 20 km, around 3 to 4 times the normal distance of 5
in reduced household income, making it difficult for families to
kilometers.
purchase food as household food stocks decline. Household maize
stocks are 31 to 54 percent below the five-year average in most With pastoralists having to walk longer distances in search of water,
marginal agricultural areas, with maize stocks projected to last one food and forage for their livestock, tensions among communities
to two months compared to three or four months normally, according have risen and an increase in inter-communal conflict has been
to the 2021 Long Rains Assessment, led by the National Drought reported, according to an assessment by the ASAL Humanitarian
Management Agency (NDMA). In pastoral areas, below- average Network. Atypical livestock migration is expected to intensify from
rangeland regeneration has negatively impacted livestock production, September through October 2021 and from December 2021 until the
resulting in below-average milk production and consumption and beginning of the 2022 March to May long rains, according to the latest
high staple food prices. Milk production ranges from 0.25 to 3 litres IPC analysis. As rangeland resources deteriorate rapidly in the period
per household per day compared to the normal 2 to 6 litres. Likewise, ahead, migration to dry-season grazing areas and other atypical routes
daily household milk consumption ranges from 0.25 to 1.6 litres per are expected to further intensify, potentially increasing the incidence of
household per day compared to the average 1 to 3 litres. resource-based conflict and disrupting markets, schooling, livelihoods
and access to health facilities and services.
4CONTEXT OF THE CRISIS
Women, children and elderly people are often left behind in their tract infections increased across all drought-affected areas and
villages, as men travel to access water, food and forage, heightening malaria is rising in Turkana and Samburu counties. Between May and
the risks of family separation, violence, exploitation, abuse and July 2021, at least 36 suspected cases of cholera were reported in
school drop-outs, as highlighted by the ASAL Humanitarian Network Garissa (Dadaab Refugee Camp) and Turkana counties, according
assessment and previous drought responses. During the 2017 drought to WHO, in addition to active outbreaks of measles in endemic areas
in Kenya, children were often left behind with neighbours or relatives, of West Pokot and Garissa, and a new flare-up of kala-azar in Wajir
or otherwise left to fend for themselves in urban centres, while families since January 2021. Upper respiratory tract infections have steadily
who were unable to sustain or feed all their members resorted to child increased across all drought-affected areas since January and malaria
labour as a main and standard coping mechanism, according to an is rising in Turkana and Samburu counties.
Oxfam Protection Assessment. This often resulted in children dropping Looking ahead, with the 2021 short rains expected to be below-
out of school to economically help support their families, which is also average, the drought crisis is expected to escalate. It is therefore
a significant risk during the current drought crisis. Experience during imperative to act now. Food insecurity and malnutrition will continue
the 2017 drought also highlights the risk of an increase in sexual and to rise as families’ access to food and income dries up. Livestock
gender-based violence, including early marriage, during drought. These disease outbreaks and resource-based conflicts are also expected to
risks have also been exacerbated by COVID-19, with a 2020 nationwide intensify, significantly impacting and constraining livelihood activities.
study by UN Women, Care and Oxfam revealing that both women Livestock productivity is also expected to continue to decline, further
and men are resorting to acts of gender-based violence as a result of reducing milk production and milk sales for households. Families
idleness, stress, and conflicts over scarce resources. are expected to intensify their use of consumption and livelihood
Most ASAL areas have reported disease outbreaks, including due coping strategies, which could result in further school drop-outs and
to reduced availability of safe water sources and lack of access heightened abuse of women and children.
to improved sanitation and hygiene services. Upper respiratory
A health worker walks to Lopur village, Turkana, to monitor
the nutrition status of children and refer them for treatment
when needed. ©️UNICEFKenya/2021/LameckOrina
5KENYA DROUGHT FLASH APPEAL 2021
Response Strategy and
Coordination
This Kenya Drought Flash Appeal covers October to December Of the $139.5 million requested by humanitarian organizations
2021 and complements the Government of Kenya’s response to through the Flash Appeal, upwards of $28.5 million million has
the national drought disaster. In his declaration of the national already been generously mobilized by international partners,
disaster, the President announced that the Government will implement including a $5 million contribution from the United Nations Central
comprehensive drought mitigation measures, after which the Emergency Response Fund (CERF). In order to ensure that partners
Government’s Treasury announced the release of 2 billion Kenyan can rapidly scale-up their response, it is critical that additional funding
shillings (approximately US$18 million) towards drought mitigation. is received swiftly under the appeal. This is especially the case for
This comes in addition to 1.7 billion (approximately US$15.3 million) sectors which need to procure supplies, some of which are facing
earlier announced for Government food assistance. Engagement is imminent pipeline breaks, as is the case for life-saving nutrition
ongoing through the Kenya Humanitarian Partnerships Team with the treatment.
National Drought Management Agency to understand the details of Given the rising tensions among communities as a result of
the Government’s planned response and ensure that the humanitarian increased pastoralist migration, the Flash Appeal promotes a
response implemented under this Flash Appeal is optimally conflict-sensitive approach, urging humanitarian partners to ensure
complementary. that all activities take into account the unique needs and context of
The Flash Appeal focuses on lifesaving and life-sustaining the communities with whom they are working. The Flash Appeal also
interventions in the most affected counties, while striving to urges partners to implement their responses in a gender-, age- and
reinforce the ability of communities to cope with the crisis through disability-sensitive manner, which both acknowledges the unique
resilience-building measures. At the same time, the Flash Appeal needs of different groups of people, as well as their unique ability
acknowledges that longer-term action is required to tackle the root to contribute to the humanitarian response. This should build upon
causes of the recurrent drought crises in the ASAL region. To this end, previous lessons learned including, for example, HelpAge’s study on
the Flash Appeal acknowledges the critical work undertaken through the role and vulnerabilities of older people during droughts in East
resilience building and climate adaption activities in the ASAL region in Africa.
recent years and encourages the continuation and urgent amplification Strategic Objectives
of these efforts, combined with strong and people-centred governance,
to prevent such crises in the future. Strategic Objective 1: Provide lifesaving and life-sustaining assistance
to the people most affected by the drought through integrated
Under the Flash Appeal, an estimated 1.3 million people will be humanitarian interventions.
targeted with humanitarian assistance. The Flash Appeal is premised
on the understanding that a multi-sectoral and integrated response to This objective reflects the commitment of all partners to prioritise
the drought crisis is critical to provide a holistic response to people’s immediate life-saving assistance for the most vulnerable people.
needs. This response will be geographically focused in 20 out of 23 The aim is to provide an integrated, multi-sectoral response to
ASAL counties to maximize the impact of collective humanitarian comprehensively assist families impacted by the drought crisis.
action, with Embu, Narok and Nyeri excluded from the Flash Appeal This response will be implemented in a gender-, age-, disability- and
response as they do not currently face a risk of severe drought. conflict-sensitive manner.
The Flash Appeal builds upon the response already undertaken by Strategic Objective 2: Strengthen resilience of drought-affected
humanitarian partners in 2021, which reached more than 491,000 communities to mitigate the humanitarian impacts of the drought.
people from January to July. It brings together the work and funding A key component of this objective is to ensure that emergency relief
requirements of the humanitarian community in Kenya, including programs enhance sustainability. Partners in this plan commit to
the United Nations, International Non-Governmental Organizations develop emergency programs in a way that empowers affected
(INGOs) and National NGOs (NNGOs), as well as the Kenya Red Cross people to become more self-reliant and combat cyclical drought
Society (KRCS). In particular, the appeal acknowledges the critical aid dependency. Humanitarian partners will also engage relevant
role played by organizations that are working with and for their own Government and development partners to prioritize longer-term
communities, as highlighted by the inclusion of projects implemented resilience activities within existing programs (e.g. the United Nations
by NNGOs and the KRCS. Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, which is under
development).
6You can also read
