EYE-LEVEL EXCHANGE QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH - Issue: Q4/2020 - Rödl & Partner
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QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Issue: Q4/2020 EYE-LEVEL EXCHANGE Latest news on law, tax and business in ASEAN www.roedl.de/asean/ | www.roedl.com/asean/
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Issue: Q4/2020 EYE-LEVEL EXCHANGE Read in this issue: Note from the editor International Trade – RCEP signed at ASEAN Summit Indonesia – Investment Licensing under the Indonesian Omnibus Law – Tax aspects under the Indonesian Omnibus Law Malaysia – Immigration Update West Malaysia – Q4 2020 – MyFutureJobs Portal – Employment Pass Processing through MIDA – New Appointment System – Malaysia My Second Home (MM2H) – MYEntry – Malaysia´s 2021 Budget Announced – Choosing an Accounting Standard for your entity in Malaysia Myanmar – Second edition of e-Governance Master Pan – The new Myanmar Economic Recovery and Reform Plan – Myanmar Tourism Rules – Trademark Registrations Philippines – Bayanihan Act II – Stricter BIR TP Guidelines Singapore – Apostille soon to be introduced Thailand – Coronavirus – Trade – Taxes
Vietnam – New law on investment – Remarkable legal issues in the Law on Enterprise 2020 – Key Issues Digital ASEAN Forum 2021 – ASEAN Insights – Staying safe but getting close – SAVE THE DATES:
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Q4/2020 Note from the editor Dear reader Welcome to the Q4/2020 edition of our ASEAN Newsflash. In this quarter we have seen some interesting news from the Asia-Pacific region regarding the further development of global trade, while the EU and USA still struggle with the grave impact of the pandemic. Notably, the REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP was signed on 15 No- vember, which will likely increase China's economic dominance in the region. On the other hand it may be expected that the Biden administration with Antony Blinken as designated secretary of state will strengthen the focus on multilateral cooperation again, which might even result in a participation of the US in the renegotiated Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. So far, we do not see a clear multilateral approach of the EU in the Asia-Pacific region, although there have been some indications in the past that the Singaporean and Vietnamese FTAs might serve as a model for an ASEAN-EU FTA. Amid an increasingly unstable global economic climate that drew European in- terest further towards Southeast Asia, the parties relaunched negotiations in 2017 with the initiation of a stocktaking exercise. However, two years later negotiations had stalled again due to i.a. some reluc- tancy of the EU to include Cambodia and Myanmar in the FTA negotiations, both being under scrutiny for their human rights records. The ongoing dispute between the EU and ASEAN’s major palm oil producers appears to be another obstacle for negotiations. Given these barriers to a multilateral approach, the EU currently ra- ther seems likely to pursue further bilateral negotiations. This could shed a light on Thailand as potential next FTA partner. The EU and Thailand already initiated talks on an FTA in 2013. These were put on hold one year later, when the Thai military seized power in a coup. In 2017, the EU laid out conditions for the resumption of proceedings, claiming a return to democratic governance and political pluralism in Thai- land. But while Thailand and the EU have meanwhile engaged in exploratory talks, there has not yet been an announcement whether the parties aim to enter official negotiations. This will likely depend on the development of the current political tensions in the Kingdom. Anyway, we presume that with each bilateral trade agreement, the need for a multilateral agreement will recede. Given that the upcoming agreements with further ASEAN nations will likely take several years for negotiation and ratification proceedings, EU companies meanwhile might want to ex- plore options to use the other regional FTAs for their supply chain and investment considerations. More- over, legislative changes in the investment regulations, like currently in Indonesia and Vietnam, may open new business perspectives. Together with various other topics, these issues will be discussed in our DIGITAL ASEAN FORUM 2021. We regret that we may still not meet you personally this time, but trust that this online alternative will bear some interesting insights for you as well. More to the agenda and schedule can be seen at the end of this publication. We wish you a healthy and, despite all our shared pandemic concerns, also a Happy Festive Season ahead. Markus Schlueter ASEAN Desk markus.schlueter@roedl.com Please note: We have received and registered your contact de- tails for the purpose of providing you with our quarterly ASEAN Newsflash. We assume that you are still interested in receiving this publication. Should you wish though to no longer receive the ASEAN Newsflash, please simply send unsubscribe to: bettina.herzog@roedl.com. 4
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Q4/2020 International Trade RCEP signed at ASEAN Summit Eight years after the member states of the Associ- well as the reduction or elimination of customs du- ation of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to- ties and the reaffirmation of commitments in the gether with Australia, China, India, Japan, New WTO Ministerial Decision on Export Competition. Zealand, and South Korea issued a joint declara- The Chapter also sets out rules to de- tion to initiate the negotiations of the Regional termine the applicable tariff treatment in case of Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), the different tariff preferences applied by a Party. It world’s largest free trade agreement in terms of further contains provisions on non-tariff measures, GDP and population has finally been signed on 15 including the general elimination of quantitative November 2020 during the 37th ASEAN summit. restrictions, increased transparency on the appli- In late 2019, during the 35th ASEAN cation of non-tariff measures as well as on the ad- summit, India had withdrawn from the negotiations ministration of import licensing procedures and re- due to concerns to further open the market and spective fees and formalities. possible negative effects on the domestic econ- The Parties also agreed on a process to omy, while the remaining parties concluded the conduct technical consultations on non-tariff negotiations for all 20 chapters of the RCEP. measures adversely affecting trade between them. The Customs Procedures and Trade Facilitation Digital Summit and Joint Leaders´Statement Chapter moreover targets the simplification of customs procedures and the harmonization of cus- The 37th ASEAN summit, influenced by the toms procedures with international standards, covid-19 pandemic, was organized and held as a which in some parts go beyond the WTO Trade Fa- DIGITAL SUMMIT, so the signing ceremony had to cilitation Agreement. The details of the staged be digital, too. During the ceremony, each coun- commitment implementation are provided in an try’s trade minister signed a separate copy while annex to the Chapter. his or her head of state or government stood nearby and watched. The purpose of the RCEP is Rules of Origin (ROO) to eliminate trade barriers and to establish new in- vestment opportunities, which should help to facil- EU-companies may only benefit from the new itate business operations and promote develop- trade rules under certain prerequisites. The Rules ment in the economies of the member countries. of Origin (ROO) Chapter determines which goods It was further acknowledged in a JOINT are originating under the RCEP Agreement and LEADERS’ STATEMENT, that the RCEP Agreement therefore eligible for preferential tariff treatment. is deemed critical for the region’s response to the The ROO Chapter is divided into (i) Section A: covid-19 pandemic, and shall play an important RULES OF ORIGIN and (ii) Section B: OPERA- role in building the region’s resilience through an TIONAL CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES. inclusive and sustainable post-pandemic eco- It provides articles on originating goods nomic recovery process. However, the RCEP does and goods wholly obtained or produced, and an not venture into critical issues like the protection Annex on PRODUCT-SPECIFIC RULES (PSR), of intellectual property, independent labor unions which set out requirements to determine the origi- and the environment, or limiting government sub- nating status of goods. The Chapter also lists sidies to state-owned enterprises. With only a min- those minimal operations and processes which imal consensus to be found by the signatory would be considered insufficient to confer the states, the RCEP rather modestly touches these originating status on goods using non-originating controversial aspects, particularly in comparison materials. Given the geographic configuration of with the standards that can be seen in EU free the RCEP, the Parties ensured that the ROO Chap- trade agreements. ter includes clear direct consignment rules to Trade in Goods avoid originating goods inappropriately losing their originating status. If a good does not satisfy a The Trade in Goods Chapter contains key elements change in tariff classification rule in the PSR, it that govern the implementation of goods-related could still acquire originating status under certain commitments to foster the trade liberalization de minimis rules. Other elements under Section A among the Parties. These include granting of na- cover the TREATMENT OF PACKAGING MATERI- tional treatment to goods of the other Parties, as ALS AND CONTAINERS for transportation and 5
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Q4/2020 shipment, or the treatment of ACCESSORIES, to ratification, acceptance, or approval by each SPARE PARTS AND TOOLS. In Section B we see signatory State in accordance with its applicable rules governing procedures to (i) apply for the legal procedures. RCEP proof of origin, (ii) claim preferential tariff The instrument of ratification, ac- treatment and (iii) verify the originating status of a ceptance, or approval of a signatory State needs to good. The annexes to the ROO Chapter include (i) be deposited with the Depositary (which will be the product-specific rules, covering all tariff lines at Secretary-General of ASEAN who is designated as the HS 6-digit level and (ii) minimum information the Depositary for this Agreement). The RCEP shall requirements listing the required information for a enter into force for those signatory States that certificate or a declaration of origin. have deposited their instrument of ratification, ac- ceptance, or approval, 60 days after the date on Trade in Services which at least six signatory States which are Mem- ber States of ASEAN, and three other signatory RCEP shall facilitate services trade among the Par- States have deposited their instrument of ratifica- ties through substantial removal of restrictive and tion, acceptance, or approval with the Depositary. discriminatory measures affecting trade in ser- After the date of entry into force of the vices. The Services Chapter contains i.a. provisions RCEP, it shall enter into force for any other signa- on market access, national treatment, most fa- tory state 60 days after the date on which it has vored nation treatment and local presence, which deposited its instrument of ratification, ac- are subject to the PARTIES’ SCHEDULES OF SPE- ceptance, or approval with the Depositary. Entry CIFIC COMMITMENTS or the SCHEDULES OF into force could therefore require some 1-2 years RESERVATIONS AND NON-CONFORMING depending on the pace of ratification. MEASURES, as well as additional commitments. The services commitments are scheduled to use Contact for further information the negative list approach, either on the date of en- try into force of the RCEP Agreement, or within a Markus Schlueter defined time period after the date of its entry into T +49 221 9499 093 42 force. It should be noted that most Parties made markus.schlueter@roedl.com quite comprehensive reservations, and it remains to be seen to what extent markets will in practice be further opened to services, particular with re- gard to the establishment of a local presence. Investment In this light, the tenth chapter of the RCEP covers investments and contains provisions on protec- tion, liberalization, promotion and facilitation. It in- cludes a most favored nation treatment clause, and commitments on the prohibition of perfor- mance requirements that go beyond multilateral obligations under the WTO Trade Related Invest- ment Measures (TRIMS) Agreement. Ratification It should be noted that in this stage, the RCEP has only been signed and is neither ratified nor in ef- fect. Prior to the entry into force it shall be subject 6
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Q4/2020 Indonesia Investment Licensing under the Indonesian Omni- bus Law On 5 October 2020, the Indonesian House of Rep- which so far was particularly defined in the Nega- resentatives approved the job creation law, which tive List, that governs investment conditions and is commonly known as "Omnibus Law". The Omni- restrictions under a presidential decree. It is not bus Law has been promulgated after having been yet clear whether and to what extent the amend- signed by President Joko Widodo on 2 November. ments will lead to a removal or substantial revision On the same date, it has also been signed by the of the current Negative List. The omnibus law Minister of Law and Human Rights, and is now ef- states that further provisions regarding investment fective as Law No. 11 of 2020, issued in the State requirements shall be governed by a Presidential Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia No. 245 of Regulation, which so far has not been issued. 2020. This legal instrument aims at attracting in- The government currently aims at ac- vestment, and stimulating the economy by i.a. sim- celerating the drafting of 44 implementing regula- plifying the licensing process and harmonizing var- tions for the Omnibus Law which consists of 40 ious business related laws and regulations that are Draft Government Regulations and 4 Draft Presi- deemed to be obstructive towards foreign invest- dential Regulations, with a target of completion in ments. The Omnibus Law supersedes earlier provi- late November or early December 2020. Until now, sions on the same regulated subject matter. It gov- 30 implementing regulations have been drafted al- erns a wide range of topics, e.g. employment or en- ready. With regard to this implementing legislation vironmental issues, but in this article we will focus it remains to be seen (i) what the future criteria of on the investment licensing mechanisms which the different sectors will be (possibly large-size in- appear of certain interest from a foreign invest- vestment, investment in labor intensive business ment perspective. sectors, as well as high-tech and digital-based The Investment Law of 2007 and guid- business sectors will remain relevant), (ii) what in- ing legislation remain the main reference for capi- vestment requirements will be imposed by the cen- tal investment activities in Indonesia, but the Om- tral government for the different sectors and (iii) nibus Law opens a broader range of sectors to for- how foreign ownership restrictions, which are cur- eign direct investment, which were previously at rently imposed on many sectors, e.g. distribution least partially closed. So far, Article 12(1) of the In- or transportation, will be regulated. vestment Law stated that “all business fields are open to direct investment, except for those that are Risk-based business assessment declared as closed to investment or open subject The Omnibus Law revises the business licensing to conditions.” mechanism by introducing a new concept of risk- based business assessment. Accordingly, busi- Amendment of investment regulations ness activities are divided into low, medium and high risk categories. Business licensing will be pro- This provision has been amended under the Omni- cessed through an electronic system. The granting bus Law to read as follows: “All business fields are of the relevant license or permission will be deter- open to direct investment, except for those that are mined by the risk level and the business scale rat- declared as closed to investment or which consti- ing. The respective assessment shall take into ac- tute activities that are reserved to the central gov- count aspects such as the (i) type of business ac- ernment.” Hence, the removal of the wording tivities, (ii) business location, (iv) scarcity of re- “open subject to conditions” can be interpreted to sources or (iv) volatility risks. The risk level and mean that all business activities will become either business scale rating are divided into different cat- fully open or closed for capital investment, or may egories. only be conducted by the central government. This can also be seen from the deletion of paras 4 and – LOW RISK BUSINESS requires a Business Iden- 5 in Art 12 of the Investment Law; esp. para 4 made tification Number (NIB), which is the legal re- reference to criteria and requirements for business quirement for the implementation of business fields that are closed or open with requirements, activities. The NIB is the proof of registration of 7
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Q4/2020 business actors to carry out business activities, If business actors have obtained the location per- and as an identity for business actors in carrying mit for their activity - which must be in line with the out their business activities. spatial plan -, then the business actor has to sub- mit an application concerning the suitability to use – MEDIUM RISK ACTIVITIES are further sub-di- the space for the envisaged business activities vided. A MEDIUM-LOW RISK BUSINESS ACTIV- through the electronic business licensing system. ITY requires an NIB and a STANDARD CERTIFI- After obtaining the confirmation of the suitability CATION in form of a statement by business ac- of the activity for the respective space utilization, tors to fulfill business standards for their activi- business actors may proceed the business licens- ties. Further, MEDIUM-HIGH RISK BUSINESS ing. We understand that the Central Government ACTIVITIES require an NIB and a STANDARD shall be authorized to cancel all approvals issued CERTIFICATION in form of a certificate issued by Local Governments which do not comply with by the CENTRAL OR REGIONAL GOVERNMENT the spatial plan. So there seems to remain a certain based on the results of a compliance verification procedural risk here from our initial impression. with applicable business standards. Beyond The Central Government is obliged to these requirements, in case medium risk activi- supervise and provide guidance as to the practical ties require compliance with certain product implementation of a business license. If there is a standards, the Central Government issues a violation of the provisions in a business license, it standard product certificate based on the re- will be subject to administrative sanctions for the sults of the compliance standard verification owner of the Business License in the form of warn- that business actors must meet before carrying ings, temporary suspension of business activities, out the product commercialization. imposition of administrative fines, in some cases – HIGH RISK BUSINESS requires the NIB and a LI- even imposition of police force, and in extreme CENSE in form of the CENTRAL OR REGIONAL cases the revocation of license, certification or ap- GOVERNMENT’S APPROVAL for the implemen- provals. tation of the envisaged business activities that must be obtained before commencement of op- Conclusion erations. If high-risk business activities further require compliance with certain business, indus- According to the transition provisions of the Omni- trial or product standards, the aforementioned bus Law, with the entry into force of the law busi- certificate issuance in line with the compliance ness licenses or sector permits that have been is- standard verification is required as well. sued before the entry into force, remain valid until their expiry date. Business Licensing which is cur- It remains, however, still unclear how this assess- rently in the application process needs to be ad- ment and risk level determination will be con- justed to the provisions of this law. This might lead ducted by the Government. The implementation to some delays with regard to the lacking imple- and enforcement of this process will be incorpo- menting legislation, and there is no practice yet as rated in the implementing Government Regula- to how authorities will deal with this for the mo- tions to be issued within three months after the en- ment. try-into-force of the Omnibus Law. We will thus We will further monitor this legislative have to wait until early February for the implement- development and provide further updates, particu- ing legislation, to see how the respective adminis- larly with regard to the implementing guidelines. trative practice will develop. Contact for further information Simplified licensing requirements Markus Schlueter The Omnibus Law provides several rules to simplify T +49 221 9499 093 42 the basic requirements for Business Licensing. markus.schlueter@roedl.com One is the “suitability of space utilization”, which means the suitability of a location for the intended business activity as determined in a detailed spa- tial plan issued by the Government. The Local Gov- ernment is obliged to prepare and provide this spa- tial plan in digital form, which should be easily ac- cessible by the public. The Central Government is moreover obliged to integrate the plan in digital form into the electronic business licensing system. 8
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Q4/2020 Indonesia Tax aspects under the Indonesian Omnibus Law The omnibus law, explained in the above article, Changes include modifications of the (i) Income also covers tax aspects which are relevant for for- Tax Law, (ii) VAT Law, (iii) Law of General Tax Pro- eign investors. We see several notable amend- cedures and (iv) Regional Tax Law. ments affecting the prevailing Tax Laws, in this article mainly looking from a foreign investor’s An initial overview on important changes can be perspective. seen below: TAX LAWS CHANGES CAPTURED IN THE OM- THE PREVIOUS LAW IMPACTED NIBUS LAW Dividend income received from an Indo- Domestic companies receiving dividend nesia domestic company by: income from an Indonesia domestic com- pany are exempt from income tax regard- – Corporate recipient holding more than less the percentage of shareholding. 25 percent shareholding, dividend in- come is tax exempt – Corporate recipient holding less than 25 percent shareholding, dividend in- come is subject to income tax – Individual recipient receiving dividend Individual recipient receiving dividend in- income shall be taxed 10 percent Final come shall be exempt from income tax, income tax provided that such dividend income is in- vested within Indonesia. Dividend income received from Foreign Dividend income received from Foreign domicile companies by Indonesian corpo- domicile companies by Indonesian cor- rate and individual taxpayer is subject to porate and individual taxpayer is exempt income tax at the prevailing income tax from income tax provided that the divi- rate. dend constitutes more than 30 percent of the after tax income of the investee INCOME TAX LAW and such dividend income is invested in Indonesia. Further implementing regulation shall be issued following the Omnibus Law. Interest income paid to non-resident is Withholding tax rate of 20 percent subject to 20 percent withholding tax which is imposed on interest payment according to Article 26 of the Income to non-resident can be lowered sub- Tax Law ject to the implementing Government Regulation. DOMESTIC TAX RESIDENTS ARE: DOMESTIC TAX RESIDENTS ARE: – Individual domiciled in Indonesia or – Individuals which can be Indonesia residing in Indonesia for more than national or foreign national domi- 183 days or has intention to reside in ciled in Indonesia ; or residing in In- Indonesia donesia for more than 183 days or has intention to reside in Indonesia – Corporation which is established or – Corporation which is established or domiciled in Indonesia domiciled in Indonesia 9
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Q4/2020 TAX LAWS CHANGES CAPTURED IN THE OM- THE PREVIOUS LAW IMPACTED NIBUS LAW All Indonesia residents are subject to in- Foreign-national Indonesia tax resident come tax for his worldwide income is subject to Indonesia source of income in accordance with the following condi- tions: – Has specific expertise; and – valid for four years since the effective date of becoming Indonesia tax resi- dent. Subject to Minister of Finance Imple- menting Regulation INCOME TAX LAW FOREIGN TAX RESIDENTS ARE: FOREIGN TAX RESIDENTS ARE: – Individuals not residing in Indonesia, or – Individuals not domiciled in Indonesia individuals residing in Indonesia less than 183 days, or foreign corporation – Foreign national residing in Indonesia which conducts business activity less than 183 days through a Permanent Establishment – Indonesia nationals residing outside In- – Individuals not residing in Indonesia, or donesia for more than 183 days and ful- individuals residing in Indonesia less filling the following criteria of: foreign than 183 days, or foreign corporation domicile; economic activity; habitual which does not conduct business activ- abode; foreign tax resident etc. ity through a Permanent Establishment but earn Indonesia source of income – Relaxation of certain aspect in input- VAT credits VAT LAW – Coal is determined as VAT-able goods LAW OF GENERAL – Imposing re-arrangement of admin- TAX PROCEDURES istration sanctions We also saw some Corporate Income Tax (CIT) rate 2. For Financial years 2022 and onwards, the CIT changes this year, which however were not directly rate will be 20 percent. Qualifying listed compa- part of the Omnibus Law, though standing in con- nies are again entitled to a 3 percent lower rate, text with it. Reductions have already been intro- i.e. 17 percent. duced in an earlier Law, i.e. Law Number 2/2020 of 16 May 2020. The Law was passed in anticipation Contact for further information of the economic slow-down because of the pro- gressing pandemic situation. Wahyu Indradi T +62 21 5056 0405 The CIT rate changes wahyu.indradi@roedl.com The CIT rate changes, as outlined in Law Number 2/2020, are as follows: 1. For the Financial Year 2020 and 2021, the CIT rate will be 22 percent. Qualifying listed compa- nies (which means a minimum of 40 percent of its shares are traded in the Indonesia stock ex- change) are entitled to a 3 percent extra reduc- tion, resulting in a 19 percent rate. 10
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Q4/2020 Malaysia Immigration Update West Malaysia – Q4 2020 Although the underlying principal legislation Malaysian Immigration Department and the Expat- (mainly the Immigration Act 1959/1963 and the Im- riate Services Division or ESD), may raise substan- migration Regulations 1963) governing Malaysian tial challenges, depending on individual circum- entry, immigration and work permit matters, re- stances and requirements, for individuals as well main essentially unchanged, a few - seemingly as for employers wishing to hire foreigners. small - changes to the legislation and in particular its application by the competent authorities (the Malaysia MyFutureJobs Portal A new advertising requirement in respect of all new duce an exemption of this requirement for key per- Employment Pass and Professional Visit Pass ap- sonnel, such as company directors. The plan to ac- plications or renewals has been introduced. As tively involve representatives of SOCSO (one of such, every vacancy for which an employer wishes Malaysia’s public social security boards) in the in- to hire foreigners, has to be advertised on the My- terview process is currently shelved. FutureJobs internet portal for at least 30 days. This will be actively implemented as of January 2020. The government also plans to intro- Malaysia Employment Pass Processing through MIDA The manual processing of Employment Passes are only processed through the existing online through MIDA (Malaysian Investment Develop- based system. Practically, this may lead to delays ment Authority) has been discontinued. This was due to the additional registration being required particularly relevant for Representative and Re- and also due to the fact that this new process is gional Offices approved by MIDA. not yet well known to ESD officers. Going forward, an online registration with the ESD is required, as Employment Passes Malaysia New Appointment System Due to the current Covid-19 pandemic, no walk-in four weeks are frequent due to the non-availabil- appointments are available with ESD; all appoint- ity of appointments. ments have to be scheduled through an online system. Depending on the desired service request (endorsement of visa sticker; special pass appli- cation; shortening of pass etc.) delays of up to 11
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Q4/2020 Malaysia Malaysia My Second Home (MM2H) The MM2H program offered foreigners meeting The government has announced that the MM2H certain non-Malaysian income or net-worth re- program will be replaced, but neither timelines nor quirements a right to reside in Malaysia without details are currently clear. being locally employed. The MM2H program is cur- rently suspended, with review pending; new appli- cation are not accepted, pending applications are not processed or returned. Malaysia MYEntry As of March 2020, Malaysia has effectively closed days’ quarantine. Most newly issued passes to for- its borders to all foreigners, with the exception of eigners currently based abroad also require an ad- certain long term pass holders and their depend- ditional Entry Pass. ents. All additional permits and applications in Please note that attempts to enter the connection with the entry and exit of such foreign- country without the additionally required passes ers, together with arrangements related to the Re- have resulted in the permanent black listing of in- ciprocal Green Lane arrangements with Singapore, dividuals by the Malaysian Immigration Depart- are currently exclusively processed through the ment. MYEntry online portal. It is worthwhile noting that the entry Contact for further information from and citizens of so called “banned countries” (currently countries with overall more than Priya Selvanathan 150,000 covid-19 cases) may be permitted on a T +60 3 2276 2755 case-by-case basis, subject to a 14 days’ manda- priya.selvanathan@roedl.com tory quarantine. Foreigners wishing to exit Malaysia and then return (currently only “emergency cases” and certain business related reasons permitted) re- quire an Exit and Entry Pass, which allows them to return to Malaysia within 60 days, subject to a 14 Malaysia Malaysia´s 2021 Budget Announced The Malaysian Government presented the Key tax proposals introduced in the Budget 2021 Budget in Parliament on 6 November 2021 2021, which focuses on investing in the public healthcare system, helping the most vulnera- – Further tax deduction for employment of ble groups adversely affected by the pan- SENIOR CITIZENS, EX-CONVICTS, PAROL- demic, and stimulating economic activities to EES, SUPERVISED PERSONS and EX-DRUG drive growth and recovery in 2021. DEPENDENTS is to be extended to YA2025 for a monthly remuneration not exceeding RM4,000; – A reduced income tax rate of 0 percent to 10 percent for the first 10 years, and 10 percent for the next 10 years for MANUFACTURERS 12
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Q4/2020 OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS IN- – 15 percent individual income tax flat rate for CLUDING VACCINES; 5 consecutive years (limited to 5 individuals) for NON-MALAYSIAN citizens in companies – 10 percent income tax rate for a period of 5 with RELOCATION INCENTIVES; + 5 years for GLOBAL TRADING CENTRE for applications received by MIDA from 1 Janu- – Income tax exemption for COMPENSATION ary 2021 to 31 December 2022; FOR LOSS OF EMPLOYMENT will be in- creased from RM10,000 to RM20,000 for – PRINCIPAL HUB INCENTIVE to be extended each full year of service for YA 2020 and YA for another 2 years, and conditions relating 2021; to the number of high value workers, key posts and annual operational expenditure – Income tax relief for MEDICAL EXPENSES for the extended 5 year period be relaxed; for serious diseases for self, spouse and children is increased from RM6,000 to – Tax incentives for companies RELOCATING RM8,000 from YA2021; their operations in Malaysia is expanded from manufacturing sectors to selected – Income tax relief for MEDICAL TREAT- SERVICES sector including companies MENT, SPECIAL NEEDS AND CARER ex- adapting IR4.0 and digitalization technology penses incurred for PARENTS is increased with investment that contributes to a signif- from RM5,000 to RM8,000 from YA2021; icant multiplier effect. For new companies – Tax relief on LIFESTYLE EXPENSES is in- this will be 0 percent – 10 percent income creased from RM2,500 to RM3,000 from tax rate for up to 10 years; and 10 percent YA2021; income tax rate up to 10 years for existing companies with new services segment; – The sales value threshold for the value- added activities carried out in an FIZ and – Existing RELOCATION INCENTIVES for LMW is increased from 10 percent to 40 per- MANUFACTURING sector is to be extended cent of the total annual sales value; for 1 year for applications made until 31 De- cember 2022; – Imposition of 10 percent ad-valorem EXCISE DUTY for all types or ELECTRONIC AND – Tax incentives for MRO activities for AERO- SPACE, building and repair of SHIPS, BION- NON-ELECTRONIC SMOKING DEVICES in- EXUS status company, and ECONOMIC cluding vape. Liquid or gel for vape or other CORRIDOR developments is to be extended smoking devices will be imposed with excise until year 2022; duty at RM 0.40 per milliliter; – 100 percent tax exemption for EXPORT OF – Imposition of SALES TAX and IMPORT PRIVATE HEALTHCARE SERVICES is ex- DUTY on CIGARETTES AND TOBACCO tended until YA2022; PRODUCTS in all DUTY FREE ISLANDS – Tax incentive for COMMERCIALIZATION of AND ANY FREE ZONES; research & development (“R&D”) findings is – Imposition of TOURISM TAX be extended to to be reintroduced for non-resource based accommodation premises booked through R&D; and expanded to include private online platform providers with effect from 1 higher education institutions, effective from July 2021; 7 November 2020 until 31 December 2025; – Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) facil- – Tax exemption on GRANTS for GREEN SUS- ity to be broadened to include approved lo- TAINABLE and RESPONSIBLE INVEST- gistics service providers and warehouse op- MENT (“SRI”) is expanded to all SRI sukuk erators; 100 percent stamp duty exemption and bonds for applications received from 1 on instrument of transfer and loan agree- January 2021 to 31 December 2025; ment for the purchase of FIRST RESIDEN- – Tax incentive for companies undertaking the TIAL PROPERTY to be extended for another manufacturing of INDUSTRALIZED BUILD- 5 years until 31 December 2025; and value ING SYSTEM (“IBS”) components to be ex- of property increased to RM 500,000. tended for another 5 years until 31 Decem- Malaysia proposes additional incentives ber 2025; and amendments in Finance Bill 2020 – REDUCTION of 1 percent on individual in- come tax rate for RESIDENT individuals with The Malaysian Ministry of Finance has pro- chargeable income between RM50,001 and posed additional tax amendments in the Fi- RM70,000 effective from year of assess- nance Bill 2020 (“the Bill”). The Bill which ment (“YA”) 2021; has recently been presented in Parliament 13
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Q4/2020 for the first reading, seeks to amend certain as the case may be, will be introduced for provisions of the Income Tax Act 1967, the transfer pricing adjustments made by the In- Real Property Gains Tax Act 1976, the La- land Revenue Board. In addition, taxpayers buan Business Activity Tax Act 1990, the that fail to provide contemporaneous trans- Stamp Act 1949, and other relevant legisla- fer pricing documentation will be fined be- tion. tween MYR 20,000 and MYR 100,000, or im- prisoned for up to 6 months if prosecuted. 1. Income Tax Act 1967 – A qualifying person undertaking a qualifying 2. Real Property Gains Tax Act 1976 activity, i.e. any high technology activity in – Taxpayers may authorize a tax agent, ad- the manufacturing and services sector or vocate or solicitor to file their RPGT re- any other activity which would benefit the turns electronically; economy of Malaysia, approved by the Min- istry of Finance, will be entitled to a conces- – The RPGT rate for companies will apply to sionary income tax rate of not more than 20 societies registered under the Societies percent; Act 1966. – Special Reinvestment Allowance (“RA”) will 3. Labuan Business Activity Tax Act 1990 be made available for manufacturing and certain agricultural projects where the 15 – Effective YA 2020, “chargeable profits” of year RA period has already expired, from YA a Labuan entity is defined as “the net prof- 2020 to 2022; its reflected in the audited accounts in re- spect of such Labuan business activity of – The restriction on deductible expenses for the Labuan entity for the basis period for payments made to Labuan entities will be that YA”; extended to Labuan entities that do not meet the substantial business activity re- – Labuan entities carrying on Labuan non- quirements under Section 2b(1)(a) of the La- trading activities will be required to com- buan Business Activity Tax Act 1990; ply with the control and management re- quirement (in additional to the substantial – Additional conditions must be met for claim- activity requirement) in order to avail pref- ing special deductions / double deductions erential tax treatments. for R&D expenditure; – Effective YA 2021, a definition of “plant” will 4. Stamp Act 1949 be included in the Income Tax Act 1967, i.e. a plant for capital allowance purposes will A digital stamp on a duplicate and coun- be defined as “an apparatus used by a per- terpart of an instrument will be deemed a son for carrying on their business but does valid stamp showing that the full and not include a building, an intangible asset, or proper duty has been paid on the original any asset used and that functions as a place instrument. within which a business is carried on”; Contact for further information – For transfer pricing purposes, the Director General of Income Tax will be given the Priya Selvanathan power to disregard any structure adopted by T +60 3 2276 2755 a person in entering into a transaction if (i) priya.selvanathan@roedl.com the economic substance of that transaction differs from its form; or (ii) the form and sub- stance of that transaction are the same but the arrangement made in relation to the transaction, viewed in totality, differs from those which would have been adopted by in- dependent persons behaving in a commer- cially rational manner; – A 5 percent surcharge on the increase in in- come or the reduction of deduction or loss, 14
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Q4/2020 Malaysia Choosing an Accounting Standard for your entity in Malaysia Although Malaysian accounting practices As the name suggests, MPERS is available to rarely pose a challenge to multinational com- private entities and is supposed to offer a less panies, as the Malaysian Financial Reporting complex accounting environment. As is quite Standards (MFRS) quite closely follow the In- often the case, one size does not fit all, as ternational Financial Reporting Standards some companies may still prefer to utilize (IFRS), sometimes the question arises, if it is MFRS. In addition to the desire to limit ac- more beneficial for a private company of a cer- counting complexities, many Malaysian com- tain size to utilize MFRS or the Malaysian Pri- panies which are foreign-owned, choose one vate Entities Reporting Standard (MPERS). of the standards available in order to align MPERS is created based on the In- their accounting, as far as possible, to the ternational Financial Reporting Standard for standards of its holding company to minimize Small and Medium-sized Entities issued by the consolidation efforts. International Accounting Standards Board The table below highlights a few (IASB), and has similarities to the German differences in accounting treatments between Generally Accepted Accounting Principles MFRS and MPERS focusing on recognition, (German GAAP), while the MFRS is mostly measurement, presentation and disclosure on equivalent to the International Accounting revenue. Standards (IAS) or International Financial Re- porting Standards (IFRS). MPERS MFRS 15 REVENUE RELATED SECTIONS REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS RECOGNITION SECTION 2 – CONCEPTS AND PERVA- Recognition would need to be determined SIVE PRINCIPLES by the following five steps: Income and expense is a direct result from 1. Identifying the contract, e.g. rights and the recognizing and measuring of assets payment terms; and liabilities, where the following criteria have to be satisfied: 2. Combination of contracts, e.g. the con- sideration payable under one contract is – It is probable that future economic ben- dependent on the outcome of another efit associated with the item will flow to contact, meaning that both have to read the entity; and together; – The value can be measured reliably. 3. Contract modifications, e.g. changes in price; 4. Identifying performance obligations, e.g. delivering goods or services separately or bundled; 5. Satisfaction of performance obligations and recognition of revenue, e.g. at a point in time or over time or by measuring pro- gress using output or input methods; MEASURE- SECTION 2 – CONCEPTS AND PERVA- While determining the price of goods or ser- MENT SIVE PRINCIPLES vices; it also has to be assumed that the Measurement of the initial recognition is contract will not be cancelled, renewed or at historical cost unless specifically re- modified, and consideration of any variable quired otherwise. estimates, financing components, non-cash or any consideration payable to customers etc. have to be taken into account. 15
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Q4/2020 MPERS MFRS 15 REVENUE RELATED SECTIONS REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS PRESENTATION SECTION 3 – FINANCIAL STATEMENT Contractual assets or contractual liabilities PRESENTATION are presented in the statement of financial The income recognized has to be pre- position when a contract is created, depend- sented in a fair manner based on the ing on the entity’s performance of the obliga- recognition criteria and the effects of tions in a contract and the terms of cus- transactions and events on the statement tomer’s payments, e.g. a contract was of financial performance and cash flow of formed to purchase goods and these will only the entity. be delivered, if an advance payment of 30 percent is first received. The advance pay- ment would be recorded as a contractual lia- bility until the goods (obligation) are deliv- ered. Receivables are recorded only when the right to consideration is unconditional. DISCLOSURE SECTION 3 – FINANCIAL STATEMENT Revenue recognized from a contract with PRESENTATION customers and any impairment losses are di- Disclosure is necessary when the presen- vided into categories as to how they are af- tation is not sufficient to allow users to fected by economic factors. It is also re- understand the effect of certain transac- quired to disclose contract balances recog- tions. nized in the relevant period, the opening and closing balances, performance obligations on the contract, transaction prices on the re- maining obligations, and the significant judgements that were applied when deter- mining the performance obligations and transaction price. Contact for further information Cherryl Lim T +60 3 2276 7739 cherryl.lim@roedl.com Myanmar Second edition of e-Governance Master Pan With the second edition of the e-Governance Under the first e-Governance Plan (2016 – 2020), Master Plan for the period 2021 – 2025, the Min- a national government portal and management istry of Transport and Communication aims at system not only for citizen IDs and civil service as further structuring and supporting the transition well as for human resources has been estab- of major public and administrative functions, lished, but administrative functions like tax fil- such as income tax management, e-payments, ings, company registrations, trademark registra- census data and aid management amongst oth- tions and trade licenses have as well been tran- ers. sitioned online. 16
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Q4/2020 The new plan includes an upgrade to a cloud Furthermore, a voluntary e-commerce busi- based system with an integrated data center nesses registration platform has been imple- where fee payments and e-payments in general mented by the Ministry of Commerce. As part of will be further extended, and passenger reserva- the requirements, online shops must obtain the tions and multimodal transport will as well be co- approval of all relevant departments for services ordinated online. and goods offered. The purpose of the registra- As per January 2021, the newly up- tion is to inspire more confidence and to enhance graded TradeNet 2.0 system, an online trade consumer protection in e-commerce and online platform under which traders will be able to apply shopping. online for import and export licenses, is expected In the current covid-19 pandemic, to be fully implemented. The system will store in- payments under the Economic Relief Plan were formation provided throughout the application made online to vulnerable households and gar- process for further renewal processes, import/ ment workers as well as loan payments to af- export registration certificates as well as licenses fected businesses and farmers. will be issued online, which will lead to a signifi- cant increase in efficiency. Myanmar The new Myanmar Economic Recovery and Re- form Plan The second recovery plan, MYANMAR ECO- In line with MERRP, the domestic lo- NOMIC RECOVERY AND REFORM PLAN gistic infrastructure and storage facilities are (MERRP), to ease the impact of the covid-19 pan- scheduled to be improved, as well as land rights demic, is currently being drafted, and the govern- of farmers clarified and contract farming acceler- ment aims at reforming and developing the agri- ated. cultural sector for the export of more high quality agricultural, livestock and fishery products. Myanmar Myanmar Tourism Rules Myanmar Tourism Rules were finalized on 17 No- vember 2020 complementing the Myanmar Tour- ism Law which came into effect in September 2018. Myanmar Trademark Registrations Since October 2020, trademark registrations ef- Under the current grace period for fected under the old system with the Office for previously registered trademarks, the registration the Registration of Deeds may be re-registered of new trademarks is not possible. under the new Intellectual Property Department This soft opening phase is expected to last at online filing system and the Trademark Law 2019. least until the 1st of April 2021. 11
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Q4/2020 Contact for further information Lutz Koch Alexander Rindfleisch T +95 1 9345 242 T +95 1 9345 242 lutz.koch@roedl.com alexander.rindfleisch@roedl.com Philippines Bayanihan Act II Recover as ONE - Tax Incentives Bayanihan stems from the word “Bayan” (Filipino from gross income in the immediately follow- for nation, town or community), but there is also ing taxable years- assuming that the business a deeper meaning to it. The term does likewise or enterprise is not disqualified from claiming stand for the unwavering spirit of communal the deduction; unity, joint efforts and cooperation to achieve a – TAX EXEMPTIONS ON VARIOUS DONA- common goal. TIONS, such as IT equipment to public The Bayanihan Spirit may be traced schools, including its exemption of import du- back to a Filipino tradition where an entire village ties and taxes. Furthermore, such donations would support their neighbors upon relocating may qualify for deduction from gross income in their homes by the villagers literally carrying the the amount of the contribution/donation – entire house and all the belongings on their subject to limitations; backs to the new location. A cultural strength which, together with the famous Filipino resili- – EXEMPTION OF IMPORT DUTIES, TAXES AND ence, carried the Filipino people through the OTHER CHARGES FOR THE MANUFACTUR- hardships of 2020, caused inter alia by a volcano ING OR IMPORT OF CRITICAL HEALTHCARE eruption, covid-19 and a number of natural dis- EQUIPMENT, supplies or essential goods de- asters, all within one year. termined by BIR. RR No. 28-2020 provides for The term Bayanihan also designates a list of goods that are exempt from value- the acts passed by the Congress of the Philip- added tax, excise tax and other fees; pines consolidating the measures of the Philip- – EXTENSION FOR PERIOD TO FILE VAT RE- pine fight against covid-19 (Bayanihan Act I – FUND: BIR RR 27-2020 provides further de- Heal as ONE passed on 24 March 2020) and the tails on the filing periods and requirements; recovery from its consequences (Bayanihan Act II – Recover as ONE – passed on 20 August – REPEAL OF TAX ON INITIAL PUBLIC OFFER- 2020). ING OF SHARES OF STOCKS imposed by Sec- The latter provides for various tax in- tion 127(B) of the NIRC for the effective period centives to accelerate the recovery of the Philip- of the Bayanihan Act II; pine economy, such as: – VARIOUS INCOME TAX EXEMPTIONS on re- – EXEMPTION FROM DOCUMENTARY STAMP tirement benefits from a BIR accredited retire- TAX (DST) on various forms of extension or re- ment plan, as well as various forms of Hazard structuring of certain loan agreements and Pay or other qualifying remuneration paid to other financial instruments falling due, or any health workers. For further details please refer part thereof, on or before 31 December 2020; to BIR RR No. 29-2020. – EXTENSION OF CARRY-OVER OF NET OPER- ATING LOSS (NOLCO) for losses occurred in 2020 and 2021 from 3 to 5 years as deduction 11
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Q4/2020 Philippines Stricter BIR TP Guidelines In 2013, the Philippine Bureau of Internal Reve- BIR FORM NO 1709 (Information Return on Re- nue issued Revenue Regulation 02-2013, provid- lated Party Transactions). Among the supporting ing the initial applicable guidelines on related documents, the taxpayer is required to provide party transactions. The regulation explicitly re- proper TP documentation. quired taxpayers to maintain and keep adequate For enterprises that have their cur- TP documentation. However, aside from the gen- rent TP documentation in place, the new TP re- eral requirement for disclosure of related party lated attachments to their Income Tax Return transactions in the financial statements under should be more of a formality. For all other com- the Philippine Accounting Standards, the tax- panies, we strongly recommend to address this payer only had to submit TP documentation for compliance matter with high priority. For any taxation purposes upon request. Furthermore, questions, please feel free to contact us. the applicable regulations were not strictly en- forced, particularly with regard to smaller and Contact for further Information medium sized enterprises. Following last year’s release of the Dr. Marian Majer BIR Revenue Audit Memorandum Order No. 01- T +63 2 84791 785 2019 outlining standard TP related audit proce- marian.majer@roedl.com dures, the latest BIR issuances, namely Revenue Regulation 19-2020 and Revenue Memorandum Circular 76-2020, are meant to stricter enforce the already applicable TP rules, considerably changing the Philippine TP landscape. In particular, to complement the fi- nancial reporting disclosures for the current and following financial years, taxpayers are required to disclose their related party transactions in their Annual Income Tax Returns by attaching Singapore Apostille soon to be introduced Cross-border transactions and activities often re- of public documents abroad through the use of a quire public documents issued by the authorities – simplified one-step process. a process which can be cumbersome, costly and There are currently 119 Contracting Par- time consuming. Such process will be simplified in ties to the Apostille Convention, including most 2021, upon Singapore becoming a Contracting European countries. A list of all Contracting Par- Party to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 ties can be found here: Abolishing the Requirement of Legalization for https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conven- Foreign Public Documents (the “APOSTILLE CON- tions/status-table/?cid=41 VENTION”). The Apostille Bill was submitted for Currently, in Singapore, to authenticate First Reading in Parliament on 5 October 2020. a document for recognition overseas, a legalization Once the Bill has been passed, Singapore’s obliga- is required. It is a multi-stage process whereby a tions under the Apostille Convention will take do- document must first be notarized, go through the mestic effect. Singapore Academy of Law (“SAL”), the Ministry of The Apostille Convention abolishes the Foreign Affairs (“MFA”) and finally the embassy of requirement of legalization and facilitates the use the respective country. 13
QUARTERLY ASEAN NEWSFLASH Q4/2020 The SAL will become the Competent Although Singapore has been late to adopt the Authority responsible for issuing certificates (i.e. Apostille Convention, Singapore now has the op- apostilles) that certify the origin of official docu- portunity to be a leader in the digitalization of the ments produced by Singapore. apostille process (i.e. the issuance of e-apostilles, Once Singapore becomes a Contracting the operation of e-registers of apostilles that can Party to the Apostille Convention, all other Con- be accessed online by recipients so that they can tracting Parties will be required to waive the legal- verify the e-apostille that they have received). The ization requirement for public documents issued adoption of the Apostille Convention also sends a by Singapore authorities, and will be required to signal to the international community that Singa- accept the apostilles issued by the Singapore pore is committed to remain open and connected Academy of Law. Equally, Singapore authorities to the world for business. will be required to accept apostilles in place of le- galization for incoming foreign public documents Contact for further information from Contracting Parties. The reforms will not only streamline Dr. Paul Weingarten and modernize the process for authenticating pub- T +65 62 3867 70 lic documents for recognition across jurisdictions; paul.weingarten@roedl.com it will also save time and costs for those who seek to use Singapore-issued public documents in other Contracting Parties. Note that by January 2021, the legaliza- tion function of outgoing public documents issued in Singapore and intended for use in states with le- galization requirements will be transferred from MFA to SAL. Thailand Coronavirus Emergency Decree extension Under the current rules, travelers are required to apply for alternative state quarantine with hotels On 19 November 2020, the government has an- upon arrival in Thailand. nounced to extend the state of emergency until at Hotels have to be certified for the pro- least 15 January 2020. Under the state of emer- cess. Critics of the current policies have pointed gency, the government has wide-reaching author- out that ten days of quarantine are sufficient for ity to issue orders to protect public health. Thus, safety purposes and that shortening the quaran- we deem it likely that Thailand’s borders will re- tine would incentivize further travel to Thailand. main closed. Only certain groups of people (for ex- ample, Thai repatriations, foreigners holding a Notification by the Department of Business De- work permit) are permitted to enter Thailand under velopment - covid-19 relief measures certain circumstances (such as having a certificate of entry issued by a Thai embassy or consulate, The DBD has canceled a policy enacted in March having a negative test for covid-19 not older than 2020, according to which fines for delayed annual 72 hours prior to departure, having sufficient insur- general meetings were waived if the covid-19 situ- ance for covid-19, having a booked hotel quaran- ation caused the delay. Thus, now the general rules tine in Thailand. etc.) apply again: a company has to hold an AGM within four months since the end of the fiscal year, and Proposed reduction of hotel quarantine to 10 days submit an updated list of shareholders within 14 days of the AGM. Finally, financial statements The government considers shortening the required have to be filed within one month of approval by hotel quarantine from currently 14 days to 10 days. the AGM. 20
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