Eastern Mediterranean fish field guide - Ziad Samaha, Mira Husseini and Michel Bariche - IUCN Portal
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Eastern Mediterranean fish field guide Ziad Samaha, Mira Husseini and Michel Bariche
ABOUT IUCN IUCN is a membership Union uniquely composed of both government and civil society organisations. It provides public, private and non- governmental organisations with the knowledge and tools that enable human progress, economic development and nature conservation to take place together. Created in 1948, IUCN is now the world’s largest and most diverse environmental network, harnessing the knowledge, resources and reach of more than 1,500 Member organisations and some 18,000 experts. It is a leading provider of conservation data, assessments and analysis. Its broad membership enables IUCN to fill the role of incubator and trusted repository of best practices, tools and international standards. IUCN provides a neutral space in which diverse stakeholders including governments, NGOs, scientists, businesses, local communities, indigenous peoples organisations and others can work together to forge and implement solutions to environmental challenges and achieve sustainable development. Working with many partners and supporters, IUCN implements a large and diverse portfolio of conservation projects worldwide. Combining the latest science with the traditional knowledge of local communities, these projects work to reverse habitat loss, restore ecosystems and improve people’s well-being. www.iucn.org https://twitter.com/IUCN/
Eastern Mediterranean fish field guide Ziad Samaha, Mira Husseini and Michel Bariche
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not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal
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of Environment, Republic of Korea; the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation
(Norad); the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida); the Swiss
Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and the United States Department of State.
This publication has been made possible in part by funding from the Royal Norwegian
Embassy of Beirut under the Enhancing socio-ecological climate change resilience of
marine and coastal systems in Lebanon project, frequently referred to as Coastal Ecosystem
Resilience (CER).
Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
Produced by: IUCN Regional Office for West Asia (ROWA)
Copyright: © 2022 IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources
Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial
purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright
holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this
publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without
prior written permission of the copyright holder.
Recommended Samaha, Z., Husseini, M. and Bariche, M. (2022). Eastern Mediterranean
citation: fish field guide. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
ISBN: 978-2-8317-2198-9 (PDF)
978-2-8317-2199-6 (print)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2022.05.en
Covers photos: Front cover, from left to right: Carlos Suárez (1), Ali Zogheib (2, 3, 8, 9, 10,
14, 19), Deep-Sea Lebanon / OCEANA (4), Depositphotos (5, 13, 17, 20 ),
Ziad Samaha (6, 7), OCEANA (11), Esperanza Guerra (12, 16), Freepik (15),
Andy Murch (18). Back Cover: Freepik
Layout by: Lina Ezzedine
Printed by: Aleph Printing Press
The text of this book is printed on water proof material, 160 micron.
Table of contents
V
VI
1
5
5
5
6
6
7
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
10
10
10
11
12
12
14
14
15
15
16
16
18
18
21
21
21
22
22
23
23
25
25
25
27
27
28
28
|III
Drums or croakers 29
Mackerel, tunas 30
Sea basses 32
Porgies 34
Aulopus 40
Barracudas 40
Weeverfishes 41
Triplefin blennies 42
Stargazers 42
Armored gurnards 43
Flying gurnards 43
Citharids 43
Soles 44
Lefteye flounders 44
Scorpionfishes 45
Pipefishes and seahorses 46
Rockfishes 47
Barbeled dragonfishes 47
Triggerfishes 47
Puffers 48
Molas or ocean sunfishes 50
Boarfishes 50
Dories 50
Silversides 51
Lizardfishes 51
Halfbeaks 51
Soldierfishes 52
Dragonets 52
Butterflyfishes 52
Crocodile toothfishes 53
Slimys, slipmouths, or ponyfishes 53
Threadfin breams, whiptail breams 53
Sweepers 54
Bigeyes or catalufas 54
Angelfishes 54
Rabbitfishes 55
Smelt whitings 55
Grunters or tigerperches 56
Flatheads 56
Stonefishes 56
Eeltail catfishes 57
Cornetfishes 57
Porcupinefishes (burrfishes) 57
Filefishes 58
Boxfishes 58
Cutlassfishes 58
IV|
Abstract
This guide covers the most common fish species found in the
Eastern Mediterranean, off the Lebanese coast. It presents a
selection of 176 species spread across 89 families. The publication
offers information summarising natural environments, behaviours,
appearances, biology and The IUCN Red List of Threatened
SpeciesTM conservation status in the Mediterranean region.
|V
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank everyone who contributed to this guide,
particularly Dr. Michel Bariche for sharing his time and knowledge
towards the production of this publication. Many thanks go as well
to Drs. Giacomo Bernardi and Murat Bilecenoglu for their thorough
and valuable peer review. We thank Tim Jones and Alamia Annous
for their excellent work on editing the publication, as well as
Lina Ezzedine for the design and layout. A special thanks to our
colleague Sarina van der Ploeg for her major support in managing
the publication process, and Craig Hilton-Taylor for his advice on
the Red List Categories.
Finally, we would like to acknowledge the generous support of
IUCN’s framework donors, funders and partners who enable our
programmatic work to continue, along with the Royal Norwegian
Embassy in Beirut, for their committed contribution to projects that
have enabled the production of this field guide.
VI|
Key to the pictograms used in
the Eastern Mediterranean fish
field guide
The Eastern Mediterranean fish field guide is based on an article
by Bariche and Fricke (2020), entitled ‘The marine ichthyofauna
of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and
conservation status’. The publication enumerates the 367 species
that have been recorded in the region.
The present guide covers the most common fish species found in
the Eastern Mediterranean, off the Lebanese coast. It presents a
selection of 176 species spread across 89 families, out of which
50 are nonindigenous distinguished by a red dot ( ). The guide
offers information summarising natural environments, behaviours,
appearances, biology and The IUCN Red List of Threatened
SpeciesTM Categories in the Mediterranean region (Bariche,
2012; Bariche & Fricke, 2020; Dray & Rébufat, 2021; Froese &
Pauly, 2021; IUCN, 2021).
Each page covers 3 to 4 species of the same family. In addition to
the scientific name, the common name of each species is given in
English, French and colloquial Arabic as listed in Bariche’ (2012)
field identification guide if available.
Cow Sharks Family
ENGLISH
Common name
1 Hexanchus griseus Scientific name
Bluntnose sixgill shark
ARABIC مورينا/ كلب بحر
Common name
Requin griset
FRENCH L
Common name 300
cm 70-80
Natural Size Diet Longevity Conservation
environment status
Behaviour Level of Sexual Edibility
danger character
|1
Natural environment
The following icons represent the species’ natural environment:
Water Sandy or Rocky Mixed Algae or
column silty bottom bottom seagrass
type meadow
Behaviour: sociability/proliferation
This refers to the proclivity of a fish to live in groups. We can
distinguish three types of fish: those that prefer to live alone or as
pairs, those that live in small groups, and those that live in large
groups.
Solitary Small Large
groups groups
Size
Size is given in centimetres (cm) and is determined by
measuring the distance separating the fish’s extremities,
based on a typical fully grown individual for each species.
S M L XL
15
cm
50
cm
100
cm
200
cm
2|Level of danger (to humans)
While most fish are considered to be harmless, some species may
be dangerous to humans. For example, they can bite or inflict
wounds. Some are venomous and can sting and inject toxins,
while others are poisonous and hold toxins in their flesh and
be potentially deadly. In this guide we distinguish four different
categories:
Harmless Inflicts Bites Poisonous/
wounds holds toxins
in its flesh
Diet
The following icons represents the fish’s diet:
Carnivore Herbivore Omnivore
Sexual character
Most fish species exhibit distinct male and female sexual
characteristics (Dioceous). However, there are some species of fish
that change sex during their lifetime. Some are female upon sexual
maturity, and later become male (Protogynous), while others upon
sexual maturity are male and turn female with age (Protandrous). In
some cases, there are fish that exhibit both male and female sexual
traits (Simultaneous).
Dioceous Protogynous Protandrous Simultaneous
|3Longevity
This feature represents the maximum age recorded for each
species in the wild. For some species this information remains
unknown.
40-50
Edibility
The Mediterranean Sea is home to many fish of gastronomic
interest. The following symbols are used to illustrate the level of
local culinary interest in each species.
$
Regularly Not Rarely In high
consumed consumed consumed demand
Conservation status
Fish of the Eastern Mediterranean are often exploited for human
gain. This can have significant impacts on the long-term survival
of the species. The following symbols indicate each species’ IUCN
Red List Categories at the time of publication of this document.
Critically Endangered Vulnerable Near Least
Endangered Threatened Concern
Data Not
Deficient Evaluated
4|Common fish species
Cow sharks
1 Hexanchus griseus
Bluntnose sixgill
shark
مورينا/ كلب بحر
Requin griset © An dy
Mur
ch
L
300
cm 70-80
Mackerel sharks
Isurus oxyrinchus 2
Shortfin mako
©
dy
An
M
ur
كلب بحر
c h
Taupe bleue
L
180
cm 30-40
Sand tiger
3 Odontaspis ferox
Smalltooth sand tiger
قرش/ كلب بحر
ch
ur
Requin féroce y
M
nd
©A
L
300
cm 20-30
|5Requiem sharks
4 Carcharhinus
plumbeus
Sandbar shark
قرش/ كلب بحر ur
ch
M
dy
Requin gris ©A
n
L
200
cm 30-40
5 Carcharhinus
limbatus
Blacktip Shark
قرش/ كلب بحر h
rc
Requin bordé y Mu
© An d
L
250
cm 10-20
Basking sharks
Cetorhinus 6
maximus
Basking shark
©
nd
A
y Mu قرش
rch
Requin pèlerin
XL
700
cm 40-50
6|Deepwater catsharks
©A
ndy Murch
Galeus melastomus 7
L
60
cm Blackmouth catshark
جلد نمر/كلب بحر
5-10 Chien espagnol
Gulper sharks
8 Centrophorus granulosus
Gulper shark
واوي/ أويس
AN
A
Squale-chagrin commun ©O
CE
L
80
cm 5-10
Sleeper sharks
Dalatias licha 9
Kitefin shark
©
ul واوي/كلب بحر
Pa
o
Ol
ive
ira Squale liche
/ Alam
y Stoc
k Photo
L
80
cm 20-30
|7Stingrays
10 Dasyatis pastinaca
Common stingray
بقرة
a
ah
m
Sa
Pastenague commune ©Z
i ad
M
50
cm 20-30
11 Pteroplatytrygon
violacea
Pelagic stingray
بقرة
e
ich
B
ar
Pastenague violette i ch
el
©M
L
60
cm 5-10
Butterfly rays
Gymnura altavela 12
Spiny butterfly ray
وطوَ يْطة/بقرة/وطواط
Al
Raie-papillon épineuse
©
iZ
og
hei
b
L
130
cm 5-10
8|Devilrays
©
De
sit
p
ph
o
oto
s Mobula mobular 13
Mediterranean devil ray
وطواط/شيطان
Diable de mer méditerranéen
XL
300
cm 10-20
Eagle and manta rays
14 Aetomylaeus bovinus
Bull ray er
r
a
Gu
بقرة/وطواط er a nza
© Esp
Aigle vachette
M
80
cm 10-20
Electric rays
Torpedo marmorata 15
Marbled electric ray
رعّ اد/تئاليه/كهرباء
©
nd
A
yM
urc
h
Torpille marbrée
L
60
cm
|9Angel sharks
16 Squatina aculeata
Sawback angelshark
حردون s
oto
Ange de mer épineux © Depo
sitp
h
L
130
cm 20-30
Chimaeras
Chimaera monstrosa 17
Rabbitfish
أرنب
© Deep-Sea Lebanon
/OCEANA
Chimère commune
L
60
cm 20-30
Guitarfishes
ni
ss
ei
Hu
18 Glaucostegus cemiculus M
ir a
©
Blackchin guitarfish
َمر
Poisson-guitare fouisseur
L
100
cm 10-20
10|Moray eels
Gymnothorax unicolor 19
Brown moray
زرنباية سوداء
Al
©
iZ
og
hei
Murène brune
b
L
90
cm 30-40
Muraena helena 20
Mediterranean moray
زرمباية
Murène de Méditerranée
©D
ee
p-
a
Se
Le
ba
non
/O CEANA
L
90
cm 30-40
Enchelycore anatina 21
Fangtooth moray
زرمباية صفرة
Murène des îles
©
Zia
dS
ama
ha
M
50
cm 30-40
|11Conger eels
22 Ariosoma balearicum
Bandtooth conger
حية
Congre des Baléares a
n
am
Dr
rat
© Mu
M
35
cm 5-10
© Michel Bariche
Barracudinas
Sudis hyalina 23
Transparent barracudina
إزازه
Brochet impérial
M
50
cm 2-5
Sardines and herrings
24 Sardina pilchardus © Zia
d Sa
ma h
a
European pilchard
سردين
Sardine commune
M
20
cm 10-20
12|Sardinella aurita 25
Round sardinella
رينغا
© Dreams
time Allache
M
30
cm 5-10
Dussumieria elopsoides 26
Slender rainbow sardine
تنوية/سردين
©S
hutte
Sardine
rstock arc-en-ciel
S
14
cm 5-10
Etrumeus golanii 27
Red-eye round herring
سردين مبروم
©g
bif.o
rg Sardine ronde
M
18
cm 2-5
Herklotsichthys punctatus 28
Spotback herring
سردين أصفر
©g
bif.o
rg Hareng tacheté
S
8
cm
|13Anchovies
29 Engraulis encrasicolus
European anchovy
التشو/ أبو حنك
os
Anchois ositp
hot
© Dep
M
15
cm 2-5
Merluccid hakes
Merluccius merluccius 30
EUROPEAN HAKE
©
ee
مرالن
D
p-
Se
aL
eba
non /
O C E A NA MERLU EUROPÉEN
M
50
cm 10-20
© Mic
Phycid hakes hel
Ba ric
he
31 Phycis blennoides
Greater forkbeard
خراية غمق
Phycis de fond
M
30
cm 10-20
14|Goosefishes
Lophius budegassa 32
Black-bellied anglerfish
انتين/ بالوعة
©Z
d
Sa
Baudroie rousse
ia
m ah
a
L
80
cm 20-30
Mullets
33 Chelon labrosus © Mi
chel Bariche
Thicklip grey mullet
بوري شيالن
Mulet lipapu
M
40
cm 20-30
34 Chelon auratus
Golden grey mullet ©
De
بوري دهبان po
sit
ph
Mulet doré o tos
M
25
cm
|15Mugil cephalus 35
Flathead mullet
كبّان/لبت/لبتاية
©
be
Ro
rto
Pil
lon
Mulet à grosse tête
M
50
cm 10-20
Lanternfishes
Myctophum punctatum 36
Spotted lanternfish
©
au
بذرة غمق
P
lo
O live to
ira / Al Pho
amy Stock Lanterne ponctuée
S
10
cm
Cardinalfishes
37 Apogon imberbis
Cardinal fish
سمكة دم a
ha
m
Apogon commun ia d
Sa
©Z
S
12
cm 2-5
16|Apogonichthyoides 38
pharaonis
Pharaoh
cardinalfish
©
ur
M
at
Dr
am
an
S
8
cm 2-5
Jaydia smithi 39
Smith’s
©g cardinalfish
bif.o
rg
S
10
cm 2-5
Jaydia queketti 40
Spotfin cardinal
M
©
ich
el Ba r i
c he
S
12
cm 2-5
Ostorhinchus fasciatus 41
Broadbanded
De cardinalfish
©
ep
-S ea L
ebanon / OCEANA
S
12
cm 2-5
|17Cheilodipterus 42
novemstriatus
Al
Indian ocean
twospot
©
iZ
og
h eib
cardinalfish
S
8
cm 2-5
Pomfrets
Sh
Brama brama 43
©
ut
te r
sto
ck
Atlantic pomfret
عفريت غمق
Grande castagnole
M
50
cm 5-10
Jacks and pompanos
44 Alectis alexandrina
©
Zi
African threadfish ad
Sa
ma
جمل ha
Cordonnier bossu
M
60
cm 30-40
18|Caranx crysos 45
Blue runner
© تراخون
Sh
utt
ers
toc
Carangue coubali
k
M
40
cm 10-20
Lichia amia 46
Leerfish
©D عريان
epos
itp hotos
Liche
L
75
cm 40-50
Naucrates ductor 47
©S Pilotfish
hutter
stock ربان
Poisson pilote
M
30
cm 10-20
Pseudocaranx dentex 48
White trevally
©D
تراخون
epo
s itpho
to s
Carangue dentue
M
50
cm 40-50
|19Seriola dumerili 49
©D Greater amberjack
epos
itpho
tos زرزور/جرو أنتياس
Sériole couronnée
L $
80
cm 10-20
Trachurus mediterraneus 50
Mediterranean
©D
horse mackerel
iala
E dde عصيفر
Chinchard à queue jaune
M
30
cm 10-20
©
Trachinotus ovatus 51
Mi
ra
H u ss
eini
Pompano
عتعوت
Palomine
M
35
cm 5-10
20|Picarels
Spicara smaris 52
Picarel
©
ut
Sh
te
rst
ock ام نقطة/زمريدة بيضاء
ام عبا مبرومة/مبرومة
Picarel
S
13
cm 5-10
Dolphinfishes
53 Coryphaena hippurus
Common dolphinfish © Depositphot
os
حرباية/بودريس/لمبوكة
Coryphène commune
L
75
cm 5-10
Remoras
Echeneis naucrates 54
Live sharksucker
Zi قملة
©
ad
S am
aha Rémora commun
M
50
cm 5-10
|21Snake Mackerels
55 Ruvettus pretiosus
Oilfish
مبرد غمق A
AN
CE
Rouvet ©O
L
120
cm 50-60
Gobies
©D
Gobius cobitis 56
epos
itp hotos
Giant goby
ّ
كابوس/ٲرعوش/دقور
Gobie noir
M
20
cm 5-10
Oxyurichthys petersii 57
Peters’s goby
©
M
ich كابوس/أرعوش/دقور ّ
el B
ariche
Gobie à tête de grenouille
S
15
cm
22|Grunts
er
eb
rly
Wi Pomadasys incisus 58
be
m
©
Ki Bastard grunt
قريق/قِ سطارَة
Grondeur métis
M
25
cm 5-10
Pomadasys stridens 59
Striped piggy
©
ic
h
M
el
Ba
rich
e Goret à trois bandes
S
12
cm 5-10
Wrasses
60 Coris julis
Mediterranean
rainbow wrasse
عريَسة/ديك عريس ib
he
og
li Z
Girelle ©A
M
18
cm 5-10
|23Symphodus tinca 61
East Atlantic
peacock wrasse
Zi
شفاف
©
ad
S am
aha Crénilabre tanche
M
25
cm 10-20
Thalassoma pavo 62
Ornate wrasse
©
عريَسة
Zia
dS
ama
Girelle paon
ha
M
20
cm 5-10
Xyrichtys novacula 63
Pearly razorfish
©Z
جردون/فارة
iad S
amaha Rason
M
18
cm 5-10
Pteragogus trispilus 64
Threespot
©
wrasse
M
ura
tD
ram
an
S
8
cm 5-10
24|Tripletails
65 Lobotes surinamensis
Atlantic tripletail
tock
شبر
rs
te
Croupia roche Sh
ut
©
M
50
cm 2-5
Temperate basses
ho tos
itp
os
D ep Dicentrarchus labrax 66
©
European seabass
براق
Loup de mer
M
50
cm 20-30
Goatfishes © Mich
el B
aric
he
67 Mullus barbatus
Red mullet
سلطان ابراهيم وحلي/سلطان ابراهيم زهري
Rouget de vase
M $
20
cm 10-20
|25Mullus surmuletus 68
Striped red mullet
© سلطان ابراهيم صخري
Al
am
y Sto Rouget de roche
c k Ph
oto
M $
20
cm 10-20
Parupeneus forsskali 69
Red Sea goatfish
سلطان خليجي
©
Ali
Zo Rouget-barbet barberin
gh e
ib
M
25
cm 10-20
Upeneus pori 70
Por’s goatfish
/سلطان ابراهيم يهودي
M سلطان ابراهيم قرمسي
©
ur
at
Dra
m an Barbet à queue rayée
S $
13
cm 10-20
he l B
ariche Upeneus moluccensis 71
Mic
©
Goldband goatfish
سلطان ابراهيم رملي
Rouget-souris bande d’or
S $
15
cm 10-20
26|Wreckfishes
72 Polyprion americanus
tos
Wreckfish
ho
itp
os
معزاية/ضبع/شوبارة
ep
D
©
Cernier commun
L
100
cm 80-90
Parrotfishes
Sparisoma cretense 73
Parrotfish
زليق
Perroquet vieillard
Zi M
©
ad
S am a
25
cm
ha
10-20
Scarus ghobban 74
Blue-barred parrotfish
زليق أزرق
Perroquet barbe bleue
©S
ut
te
h
rst
o ck
M
40
cm 10-20
|27Damselfishes
75 Chromis chromis
Damselfish
قرد/ٲبو مقص/عفريت
i
Castagnole he
b
og
li Z
©A
S
10
cm 5-10
76 Abudefduf vaigiensis
Indo-Pacific sergeant
ro
Sergent-major
ga
Un
de Mer Rouge ce
sc
o
n
© F ra
S
15
cm 5-10
Bluefishes
Pomatomus saltatrix 77
itphotos
epos
©D
Bluefish
غنبار
Tassergal
M
50
cm 5-10
28|Drums or croakers
Argyrosomus regius 78
Meagre
©
De
مسقار
po
sitp
h o to Maigre commun
s
L
70
cm 10-20
Sciaena umbra 79
Brown meagre
D شأيمس/سنسة
©
ep
os
itp
h oto
Corb commun
s
L
55
cm 20-30
Umbrina cirrosa 80
Shi drum
© جروشة/كربال
De
po
sitp
h o to
s
Ombrine côtière
M
50
cm 20-30
|29Mackerel, tunas © Shutt
ersto
c k
81 Auxis rochei
Bullet tuna
بالميدا مبرومة/باالموط/بلموط
Bonitou
M
30
cm 5-10
© De
82 Euthynnus alletteratus pos
itph
oto
s
Little tunny
باالميدا
Thonine commune
L
70
cm 10-20
© Sh
utte
83 Katsuwonus pelamis r sto
c k
Skipjack tuna
بلميدا غزال/واوي
Bonite à ventre rayé
L
70
cm 10-20
84 Sarda sarda
Atlantic bonito
بلميدا غزال ©O
CEA
NA /
Carlos Minguell
Bonite à dos rayé
M
40
cm 5-10
30|Scomber colias 85
Mediterranean chub mackerel
© Dep
ositphotos سكمبري
Maquereau espagnol atlantique
M
25
cm 10-20
Thunnus thynnus 86
Northern bluefin tuna
©M بلو فن/طون
ichel
Baric he Thon rouge de l’Atlantique
XL
180
cm 40-50
Thunnus alalunga 87
Albacore
©D
epo الباكور
sitp hotos
Germon
L
80
cm 10-20
Scomberomorus commerson 88
Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel
غزال/أبو سن
Thazard rayé
©Z
iad S
amaha indo-pacifique
L $
100
cm 10-20
|31Sea basses
89 Anthias anthias
s
o
to
Swallowtail seaperch sit
ph
ep o
©D
Barbier hirondelle
S
15
cm 5-10
90 Epinephelus marginatus
Dusky grouper
حفش he
ib
og
li Z
Mérou noir ©A
L $
60
cm 40-50
91 Hyporthodus haifensis
Haifa grouper
Samaha
ضبع/ضبوعة
Mérou d’Haifa
Ziad
©
L
60
cm
92 Epinephelus caninus
Dogtooth grouper
لقز/ضبع
A
Mérou gris CE
AN
©O
L
70
cm 50-60
32|Epinephelus costae 93
Goldblotch grouper
©C bad
زبير
armelo López A
Mérou badèche
L $
60
cm 10-20
Epinephelus aeneus 94
White grouper
لقز رملي
M Mérou blanc
©
ur
at
D ra
m an
L $
80
cm 20-30
Mycteroperca rubra 95
Mottled grouper
لقز صخري/أريدية
©E
spe
ra nza Gu Mérou royal
erra
M $
45
cm 10-20
Serranus cabrilla 96
Comber
tos خنوس
t p ho
© Deposi
Serran-chèvre
M
25
cm 5-10
|33Serranus scriba 97
Painted comber
أبو نوح
Al Serran écriture
©
iZ
og
hei
b
M
25
cm 5-10
Porgies
98 Boops boops
Bogue
غبَص © Depositphotos
Bogue
M
20
cm 5-10
99 Dentex macrophthalmus
Large-eye dentex
بحلق
Denté à gros yeux
A NA
CE
© D ee n /O
p-Sea Lebano
M $
20
cm 10-20
34|Dentex dentex 100
©
Zia Common dentex
dS
amah
a بصاص
Denté commun
M $
50
cm 30-40
Dentex gibbosus 101
Pink dentex
جربيدي أبو ريشه
OC
Gros denté rose
©
EA
NA
/ Ca
rlos Min
guell
M $
50
cm 10-20
Dentex maroccanus 102
Morocco dentex
جربيدي
©
OC
EA
Denté du Maroc
NA
M
25
cm 5-10
Diplodus puntazzo 103
Sharpsnout seabream
De
عصفور
©
po
sitp Sar à museau pointu
ho t o
s
M
40
cm 5-10
|35104 Diplodus annularis
Annular seabream
سقيليني
ue
ll
Sparaillon commun ng
Mi
os
NA / Carl
© OC E A
M
20
cm 5-10
105 Diplodus levantinus
LevantiNe seabream
سرغوس ©
Al
iZ
Sar du Levant og
he
ib
M
35
cm 10-20
106 Diplodus cervinus
Zebra seabream
حداد ©M
ira
H
Sar à grosses lèvres usse
ini
M $
40
cm 10-20
107 Lithognathus mormyrus
Striped seabream
مرمور
e ll
gu
in
Marbré sM
/ Carlo
© OCE A NA
M $
25
cm 10-20
36|Oblada melanura 108
Saddled seabream
De منوري
©
po
sitp
hoto Oblade
s
M
20
cm 5-10
Pagellus erythrinus 109
Common pandora
جربيدي
De
©
ep
-Se
a Le
Pageot commun
b a n on /
OCEANA
M $
35
cm 10-20
Pagellus acarne 110
Axillary seabream
ذكر جربيدي
Al
©
am
y Pageot acarne
M $
20
cm 5-10
Pagellus bogaraveo 111
© Blackspot seabream
Sh
u tt
ers
toc
بحلق أبو نقطة
k
Dorade rose
M
35
cm 10-20
|37112 Pagrus auriga
Red-banded seabream
دوبليّة/ذكر فرفورة
re
z
Pagre rayé rlos
Su
á
/ Ca
© O CE A N A
M
30
cm 5-10
113 Pagrus pagrus
Common seabream
جربيدي مكحل
ck
to
Pagre rouge tte
rs
hu
©S
M
45
cm 10-20
114 Pagrus caeruleostictus
Bluespotted seabream
فرفورة ©
Al
am
Pagre à points bleus y
M $
40
cm 10-20
115 Sarpa salpa
Salema
صلبن
Saupe ah
a
S am
ad
© Zi
M
30
cm 10-20
38|Sparus aurata 116
Gilthead seabream
أجاج
©
De
posi Dorade royale
tphotos
M
50
cm 10-20
Spondyliosoma 117
cantharus
Black seabream
Sh سمكة الريس
©
u tt
ers
toc
k Dorade grise
M
25
cm 10-20
Diplodus vulgaris 118
Common
two-banded
seabream
أسبور أبيض
©
li Z
A
og
he
ib
M
25
cm
|39Aulopus
119 Aulopus filamentosus
Royal flagfin
شكارمو بوريشة
NA
Limbert royal CE
A
©O
M
35
cm 2-5
Barracudas
Sphyraena 120
viridensis
© Depositphotos
Yellowmouth barracuda
سفرنة
Bécune bouche jaune
L
120
cm 10-20
Sphyraena chrysotaenia 121
Yellowstripe barracuda
م ّليفة
Bécune obtuse
©M
iche
lB arich
e
M
30
cm 2-5
40|Weeverfishes
122 Echiichthys vipera
Lesser weever
درئنة
ck
o
r st
Petite vive tte
hu
©S
S
12
cm 5-10
123 Trachinus araneus
Spotted weever hot
os
ositp
درئنة بيضة © Dep
Vive araignée
M
30
cm 5-10
124 Trachinus draco
Greater weever
os
درئنة سوداء h
ot
itp
Grande vive ep
os
©D
M
30
cm 5-10
|41Trachinus radiatus 125
Starry weever
© درئنة
M
ura
tD Vive à tête rayonnée
ram
an
M
25
cm 5-10
Triplefin blennies
126 Tripterygion melanurus
Red-black triplefin
Triptérygion rouge a
ah
am
© Ziad S
S
9
cm 2-5
©
Ba
ssa
Stargazers
el Ou m
d
Uranoscopus scaber 127
Atlantic stargazer
بومة
M
25 Uranoscope
cm
5-10
42|Armored gurnards
Peristedion cataphractum 128
African armoured
© Deep searobin
-Sea Le
banon
/ OCE Malarmat
AN
A
M
30
cm
Flying gurnards
129 Dactylopterus volitans
Flying gurnard
a
دجاجة
ah
m
d Sa
Grondin volant © Zia
M
45
cm 10-20
Citharids
Citharus linguatula 130
Atlantic spotted
©D
flounder
ee
Se
p-
a Le
ba
non
سمكة موسى
/ OCE
ANA Feuille
M
15
cm 10-20
|43Soles
131 Pegusa sp.
Sole
ha
a
am
dS
سمكة موسى © Zia
Sole
M
25
cm 10-20
132 Pegusa lascaris
Sand sole
سمكة موسى
Sole-pole amy
© Al
M
25
cm 10-20
Lefteye Flounders
Bothus podas 133
Wide-eyed flounder
سمكة موسى
©
EA
Rombou podas
OC
NA
/ Ju
an C
uetos
M
20
cm 5-10
44|Scorpionfishes
134 Scorpaena maderensis
Madeira rockfish
مخر he
i
b
og
Rascasse de Madère ©A
li Z
S
13
cm 2-5
135 Scorpaena porcus
Black scorpionfish
ha
ام شويك
ma
Rascasse brune
Sa
d
Zia
©
M
20
cm 10-20
136 Pterois miles
Devil firefish
A
AN
سمكة األسد/فراشه
CE
/
O
Rascasse volante ba
n on
a Le
© Deep-Se
M
40
cm 5-10
|45Pipefishes and seahorses
137 Hippocampus guttulatus
Longsnouted seahorse
فرس البحر
Hippocampe à long bec
ra
uer
aG
S
nz
11 e
ra
p
cm Es
©
2-5
138 Syngnathus abaster
Blackstripe pipefish
©M
ich
el
Ba
Syngnathe de lagune r i ch
e
M
20
cm 2-5
139 Hippocampus fuscus
Sea pony
فرس البحر
S
13
cm
y
am
Al
©
2-5
46|Rockfishes
140 Helicolenus dactylopterus
Blackbelly rosefish
NA
EA
شتروب / OC
non
© Deep-Sea Leba
Sébaste chèvre
M
30
cm 40-50
Barbeled dragonfishes
Chauliodus sloani 141
Sloane’s viperfish
De
Vipère de mer
©
ep
-S ea L
eban
on / OCEANA
M
30
cm
Triggerfishes
Balistes capriscus 142
Grey triggerfish
Es خنزير/مبرد
©
pe
ran
za Baliste cabri
G uerra
M
40
cm 20-30
|47Puffers
143 Lagocephalus lagocephalus
Oceanic puffer
أرنب/منفخ © Mic
hel B
arich
e
Compère
océanique
L
60
cm
© Mi
chel
Bari
144 Lagocephalus che
suezensis
Suez pufferfish
أرنب/منفخ
Tétraodon-lièvre de Suez
S
15
cm 2-5
145 Lagocephalus sceleratus
Silver-cheeked toadfish
أرنب/منفخ
Ballon à bande
argentée © Ziad Samaha
L
100
cm 5-10
48|ariche
Lagocephalus guentheri 146
© Michel B
Diamondback puffer
أرنب/منفخ
Tétraodon-lièvre doré
M
50
cm 5-10
Sphoeroides pachygaster 147
Blunthead puffer
أرنب/منفخ
ah
a Tétrodon à tête carrée
am
© Ziad S
M
40
cm 5-10
Torquigener flavimaculosus 148
Yellowspotted puffer
©
أرنب/منفخ
Ali
Zo
ghe
Tétrodon constellé
ib
S
15
cm 5-10
© Mich
el Ba
rich
e
Tylerius spinosissimus 149
Spiny blaasop
أرنب/منفخ
S
10
cm 2-5
|49Molas or ocean sunfishes
150 Mola mola
Ocean sunfish
s
o to
موال/سمكة الشمس
ph
Poisson lune
sit
po
e
©D
XL
200
cm 5-10
Boarfishes
Capros aper 151
Boarfish
نور
©D
os
ep
itp
ho Sanglier
to s
S
15
cm 20-30
Dories
152 Zeus faber
John dory ©D
epos s
شبر/ جمل itphoto
Saint Pierre
M
40
cm 10-20
50|Silversides
Atherinomorus forskalii 153
Red Sea hardyhead
© Michel Bariche
silverside
َ
تريكو ذكر
Athérine têtue
S
12
cm 2-5
Lizardfishes
154 Saurida lessepsianus
Lizardfish
شكورمو/عرموط © Ziad Sam
aha
Poisson lézard
M
25
cm 5-10
Halfbeaks
Hemiramphus far 155
Black-barred halfbeak
دبّوس
©
la
m Demi-bec à taches noires
A
y
M
30
cm 2-5
|51Soldierfishes
156 Sargocentron rubrum
Redcoat
سمكة نايلون
a
ah
m
Marignan rouget Sa
Ziad
©
M
20
cm 10-20
Dragonets
Callionymus filamentosus 157
Blotchfin dragonet
©M
ichel وطواط
Bariche
Dragonnet de Mer Rouge
S
15
cm 5-10
Butterflyfishes
158 Heniochus intermedius
Red Sea bannerfish
Poisson cocher de Mer o
ot
Rouge
s
ph
po sit
© De
M
20
cm
52|Crocodile toothfishes
Champsodon 159
nudivittis
©M
iche
l Barich
e
S
12
cm
Slimys, slipmouths, or ponyfishes
160 Equulites klunzingeri
Klunzinger’s
ponyfish n
Go
Sapsap de Mer Rouge f er
©O
S
7
cm 2-5
Threadfin breams, whiptail breams
ariche
el B
M
ich Nemipterus randalli 161
©
Randall’s
threadfin bream
S
13
cm 10-20
|53Sweepers
162 Pempheris rhomboidea
Rhomboidal sweeper
سراج الليل/قمر الليل e
ib
h
og
li Z
©A
M
20
cm 10-20
Bigeyes or catalufas
Heteropriacanthus cruentatus 163
Glasseye
©
rlo
Ca
sM
ing
ue l
Beauclaire de roche
l
M
40
cm
Angelfishes
164 Pomacanthus maculosus
Yellowbar angelfish
t
os
ho
Poisson-ange géographe os
itp
ep
©D
M
40
cm
54|Rabbitfishes
Siganus luridus 165
Dusky spinefoot
/بطريز/مواسطة/عقيس أسود َ
©
Sh
utte ُ َ
عاقوص/بَلش ِفيك/أبو شوكة
rstock
Poisson-lapin à queue tronquée
M
30
cm 5-10
Siganus rivulatus 166
Marbled spinefoot
/بطريز/مواسطة/عقيس أبيض َ
ُ
عاقوص/يك َ ب/أبو شوكة
َلش ِف
©
Dep
ositphotos
Poisson-lapin à ventre strié
M
30
cm 5-10
Smelt whitings
he
l Baric
iche
©M Sillago suezensis 167
Suez sillago
م ّليقة
Pêche-madame argenté
M
20
cm 2-5
|55Grunters or tigerperches
©
Mic
hel
168 Terapon puta
B
arich
Small-scaled
e
terapon
Terapon à queue rayée
S
15
cm 2-5
Flatheads
Platycephalus indicus 169
Bartail flathead
Platycéphale indien
© Shutterstock
L
70
cm 10-20
Stonefishes
170 Synanceia verrucosa
Stonefish
o
ot
s
Poisson pierre commun p osi
tph
©D e
M
30
cm
56|Eeltail catfishes
Plotosus lineatus 171
Striped eel catfish
©
بسينه
Al
iZ
he Mâchoiron titan
og
ib
M
25
cm 5-10 5-10
Cornetfishes
172 Fistularia commersonii
Bluespotted cornetfish
شلمونة
Cornette à taches bleues
© Ziad Samaha
L $
120
cm 5-10
Porcupinefishes (burrfishes)
Cyclichthys spilostylus 173
Spotbase burrfish
Poisson-hérisson
à points jaunes
©
la
m
A
y
M
30
cm
|57Filefishes
174 Stephanolepis diaspros
h e ib
Reticulated leatherjacket
og
طئ طاء/سئ سئ/مبرد l
iZ
©A
Bourse garnale
M
25
cm 2-5
Boxfishes
Ostracion cubicus 175
© Yellow boxfish
E li
eS
alib
a
Poisson coffre jaune
M
40
cm
Cutlassfishes
176 Trichiurus lepturus
Largehead hairtail
k
سيف t
oc
rs
tte
Poisson-sabre commun © Shu
L
70
cm 10-20
58|References
Bariche, M. (2012) Field identification guide to the living marine
resources of the Eastern and Southern Mediterranean. FAO
species identification guide for fishery purposes. Rome, Italy: FAO.
Bariche, M. and Fricke, R. (2020) ‘The marine ichthyofauna of
Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and
conservation status’. Zootaxa 4775(1):1-157.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1
Dray, A. and Rébufat, F. (2021) Pictolife. https://pictolife.net/pages/
espece.php?espece=Poissons&menu=1&lang=fr (Accessed in
2021).
Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (2021) Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.org
(Accessed in 2021).
IUCN (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM. Version
2021-3. https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed in 2021)
|59INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE Regional Office for West Asia (ROWA) Abdel Latif Salah Street, bldg. 29 P.O. Box 942230 Amman 11194, Jordan Tel: +962 6 554 6912 Fax: +962 6 5546915 Email: westasia@iucn.org, www.iucn.org/westasia www.iucn.org/resources/publications
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