Draft water resources management plan 2019 - Shape your water future. Overview - Corporate | Thames ...
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Introduction Your current water supply We take water from rivers and under the ground, treat it and distribute W ater is essential for everything we do - from having a drink, to washing our clothes, and flushing the loo. It’s also essential for a healthy environment and a prosperous economy. It’s our job to to 2100. We have to comply with legal requirements and have followed the government’s guidelines in preparing our water plan. it to homes and businesses across our supply area through a network of provide a reliable supply of safe drinking water to around 10 million We want to hear what you think, and are running a public underground pipes. Every day we supply our customers with more than 2,600 household customers and 215,000 businesses in London and across consultation on our water plan, starting in February 2018 and closing million litres of water - enough to fill 1,000 Olympic sized swimming pools. the Thames Valley. on 29 April 2018. Your feedback will help us decide how to meet our customers’ needs in the future. Many people think there is plenty of water in the UK, but the South East of England is one of its driest regions and London gets less rain We’re also developing our draft Business Plan, which focuses on the To boost water supplies, than Rome, Dallas and even Sydney. Our water supplies are being first five years (2020 to 2025) of the period covered in our water we built a desalination Water is stored in plant in 2010. This takes stretched further and further as the number of people living in our plan, and sets out what we are going to do for both our water and In the Thames Valley, reservoirs to use when around 70 % of our In London, about 80% water from the Thames area increases. We have to plan ahead, because the choices we wastewater services. We’re also seeking your views on this plan. of our water is taken the flow in rivers is low, estuary, removes the salt, water is taken from or of poor quality. Our make today will shape the water supply we can provide in the future. underground sources in from the River Thames and treats the water. It and the River Lee. reservoirs hold about 100 is an important reserve the Cotswolds and the days supply of water. Throughout this document you will see this symbol, but is a last resort as it is This document is an overview of our draft Water Resources Chiltern Hills. which highlights the questions we would like your expensive and uses lots Management Plan 2019, referred to in this document as our ‘water of energy. response on as part of this consultation. You can find River plan’. It sets out how we plan to provide a secure and sustainable out more about the consultation on page 23. River Severn Avon supply of water for our customers over the next 80 years from 2020 Banbury Essex Contents Cotswolds Oxford Chiltern Hills we export to Affinity Water River Lee North London groundwater storage we export to Essex & Suffolk Water 3 16 Your current water supply Deciding on our preferred Swindon A closer look at your current water supply area programme Farmoor Gatehampton Lee Valley Reservoirs Beckton Reservoir A description of how we have made Desalination London our decisions 4 Looking ahead Lower Thames The future challenges Reservoirs 20 Ring Main SE London Groundwater Our proposed plan Surrey Our proposals to provide a reliable 8 Kent What our customers want water supply River Wey Guildford An overview of your priorities and preferences Hampshire Guildford Groundwater 23 Shape your water future 10 Options available to help Details of how to participate in the manage future water supply public consultation An outline of the options we have considered Key facts • Our area and the wider South East are classified by the • About 38 per cent of our household customers have a water meter. This document is an overview of our water plan. Environment Agency as “seriously water stressed”. • On average each of our customers uses 146 litres of water every day. This symbol signposts the relevant sections of • The Thames river catchment is the most intensively used water resource system in England. Around 90 per cent of water that • Around 25 per cent of the water we put into supply is lost through the more detailed report if you want to read is abstracted is for public water supply. The remaining 10 per leaks from our water supply pipes and our customers’ pipes. more. The report is available on our website cent is for energy generation, agriculture and other uses. The thameswater.co.uk/yourwaterfuture Environment Agency regulates these abstractions. Section 1: Introduction and background Section 2: Water resources programme 2015-2020 2 3
Looking ahead Environment - Wildlife in wetlands and rivers relies on a healthy environment with plentiful water. We need to balance the water we take for our customers with what Our water supplies are already under pressure, and this will increase in the future. we leave in the environment. We will continue to reduce the amount of water we take from rivers in parts of our region where the environment is under pressure. The number of people living in our area is growing rapidly and they will all need water. Population growth - London and the Thames Valley is already one of the most densely Section 4: Current and future water supply populated parts of the country, and the number of people living and working here is forecast to grow significantly. By 2045 we forecast that there will be around two million more people living in our area. That’s the equivalent of Birmingham and Glasgow moving in. And by 2100 we forecast that there could be more than 15 million people living in our area. Taking all these factors into account, we predict there will be a shortfall between the amount of water available and the amount we need – unless we take action. Forecast population growth: Thames Water supply area 2100 T his shortfall will start in the next five years and is forecast to grow to around 360 million litres of water per day by 2045. That’s equivalent to the amount needed by over two million people. The One mega litre equals one million litres of water and is shortfall is forecast to increase to 864 million litres of water per day equivalent to the water by 2100, the end of our planning period. used by about 7,000 2080 people each day. The challenge is most severe in London, but we also forecast a significant shortfall in the Swindon and Oxfordshire region, and other 2045 parts of the Thames Valley. 15.4m people 2030 Supply demand shortfall: 2100 2019 Thames Water supply area 15.3m people DEMAND = Amount of water we need 2080 12.0m people 11.0m 10.2m people 2045 By 2100 we forecast people We have used data from the 15.4m that there will Mayor of London and local people authorities to develop our 2030 be a shortfall of: 864million 2019 forecasts of population growth. 15.3m people 11.0m 12.0m people litres Section 3: Current and future demand for water 10.2m people people per day e.g x11million or At the same time, the amount of water that we can take from rivers and underground sources is reducing, due to changes in the climate and the need to x6million without water for a day protect the environment. Climate change - Our climate is changing. Hotter, drier summers in the future will mean that there will be less rain when we need it most, and extreme weather events are likely to be more common. SUPPLY = Amount of water available Section 6: Baseline supply demand position 4 5
There are also other factors The pressures on water supplies which affect our water plan. are expected to become very serious in the future and we need to act now to make sure there is a safe The UK is often thought of as rainy, but we do have dry spells and droughts when the amount of water in the ground and rivers is low. In severe droughts we might need to put and reliable supply of in place water restrictions. This would mean that water for everyday activities would be drinking water for our rationed and your water might be turned off for periods during the day. These restrictions could last for several weeks. As well as disrupting our customers’ lives, restrictions would customers. also have a damaging effect on the natural environment, and could cost London’s economy alone up to £330 million every day. We know that there have been severe droughts in the past and these are likely to happen more often in the future. We need to plan ahead to protect our customers and the environment from their effects. Our customers have told us that they would like us to plan to provide a more reliable water supply to cope with the effects of a severe drought. This is also supported by the government. Our proposed plan is designed to maintain all of our customers’ water supply, with no need for it to be rationed, during a severe drought (the kind that might happen once in every 200 years). We have some options about how quickly we achieve this: - Ensure that we can maintain all of our customers’ water supply during a severe drought, by 2030 - Delay the work so we can maintain all of our customers’ water supply by 2035. - Speed up the work so we can maintain all of our customers’ water supply by 2027, the earliest we can deliver suitable options. Please give us any comments on this. A regional perspective - The pressures of population growth and climate change are affecting the whole of the South East of England – not just our area. In our water plan we have aimed to meet the growing water needs of the wider South East of England, taking into account opportunities to transfer water from across the region and beyond. By working together with other water companies across England and Wales we’re taking a coordinated approach to planning for the future and making sure all our plans offer customers the best possible value for money. Some of our neighbouring companies have asked us to provide water to them in the future, which their customers would pay for, and we have included their needs in our water plan. Section 4: Current and future water supply 6 7
What our customers want We have worked closely with our customers to understand their views and preferences. We have asked them what we should consider in developing our water plan; whether and how often they are prepared to accept restrictions – like hosepipe bans – during a drought and where they think we should get the water from. We have listened to their feedback and used this information to develop our water plan. Here’s a summary of what our customers have told us. We’ve engaged with over Customers think that the current 18,000 customers in developing levels of leakage are too high and would like us to do more to fix leaks. our future plans through research, day-to-day Over 70% of customers said they interactions and local community events. want help to reduce their water use. Most customers Alongside leakage reduction and helping are unaware of the our customers use water challenges for future efficiently, customers also In 2016 we water supply. support the development visited over 60,000 of new water resources. homes and installed more than 200,000 Communities Once they understand the that would be water saving devices challenges, they want to affected by future helping our customers know that we are planning development save water and for the future. would like to be engaged on plans. money. The bill is important in Most customers do not want deciding future plans, but more frequent restrictions on As well as listening to our customers, we have also listened to our regulators, their water use. it is not the only factor. Over 60% told us that this Customers support ‘best who are responsible for making sure customers get good value for money, would affect their daily lives. value’ planning. Best Value and protecting the environment. We have also spoken to lots of other interest groups. These include environment groups like RSPB and WWF, organisations representing businesses, such as the Chambers of Commerce, and many more. We have done this to make sure we understand their different interests, and have used their feedback to help prepare our water plan. Please give us your comments on our summary of our customers’ views. Appendix T: Customers priorities and preferences Appendix S: Stakeholder engagement 8 9
Options available to help man age future water supply We looked at more than 200 options to help to fill the shortfall between the amount of water available and the amount we need. These include ways to Please give us your comments on the options we have considered. make the most of the water supplies that we already have available, called demand management options, and new sources of water, called water supply options. Section 7: Appraisal of Resource Options Demand management options – Our first priority is to make sure that we make the best use of Section 8: Appraisal of Demand Management Options the water we already have. We’ll do this by: · Continuing our work to reduce the amount of water lost through leaks from our pipes. This year we did not meet our target to reduce leaks for the first time in 11 years but we have a detailed plan to reduce leakage to 646* million litres a day by 2020. We are investing in new technology to help find more leaks and employing additional people to repair them. In our water plan we have considered a number of options to continue to reduce leakage, and have set out how much more we can reduce leakage by, and how quickly we can do it. · Installing meters in our customers’ homes. Smart meters help us to understand where water goes, helping us to tackle leakage, they also help our customers understand how much water they use and how they can reduce it, saving both money and water. Since 2015 we have installed more than 145,000 smart meters in our customers’ homes and around 38 per cent of our household customers are metered. In our water plan we have considered how we will continue to roll out this programme. · Helping our customers use water efficiently. We are currently delivering the UK’s largest ever water efficiency programme. This includes a wide number of activities and promotes the benefits of saving water at home and in the workplace. This year we visited more than 60,000 of our customers’ homes, provided specific advice, and installed more than 200,000 free water saving products. In our water plan we have considered how we can continue to develop our programme, looking at new and innovative approaches to help our customers to reduce their water use. Water supply options – We have looked at a large number of options to boost our water supplies, from traditional techniques to more innovative and unusual approaches. They include turning seawater into drinking water (desalination), reusing treated wastewater from sewage treatment works, and building a large storage reservoir. We have also talked to other water companies to see if they have spare water that we could buy, including moving water from North West England, and Wales, to the South East of England. Some of the water supply options we have considered are shown on the map on the next page. We have assessed the options in terms of: • cost • effects on the environment and society • time to make the water available • confidence that it will work as • ability to cope with a changing expected future This assessment produced a preferred set of options. * We are working to reduce our leakage to 606 million litres per day by 2020. However, the way water companies calculate leakage is changing. This resets our starting position to 646 million litres per day from 2020. 10 11
Some of the water supply options we have considered Groundwater abstraction River abstraction Water reuse Aquifer Water transfer at Ashton Keynes, above Teddington at Beckton & storage & from River Severn Moulsford & Datchet. Weir Deephams recovery Jargon buster Water transfer – water is moved from one area to another via a pipeline, canals or rivers. Reservoir – water is stored in reservoirs and used when there isn’t enough water in the Birmingham ENGLAND River environment. Severn Groundwater abstraction – water is taken from River Avon natural underground reservoirs. Warwick River abstraction – water is taken from rivers. Water reuse – treated effluent from sewage treatment works undergoes further treatment, is returned to the river, re-abstracted and treated to produce drinking water. WALES Aquifer recharge/storage & recovery – treated water is added to a natural underground reservoir and is available for abstraction when it is needed. Desalination - salt is removed from estuarine or London sea water to produce drinking water. River Thames New reservoir storage Water transfer Aquifer recharge Groundwater New desalination at Abingdon via Oxford at Merton & at Addington plant at Crossness canal Streatham & Southfleet & Beckton 12 13
We can’t be certain of how the future will be, but it is clear that there is a growing water shortfall. We need to plan ahead to provide a secure water supply. 14 15
Deciding on our preferred programme Four best programmes In the first 15 years of the water plan, from 2020 to 2035, all the This is combined with small schemes to take more water from programmes concentrate on making the best use of the water underground sources and buy water from other organisations who that is already available by reducing leakage, installing more water have spare licensed capacity. We also plan to develop a new large meters, and providing more help for people to use water efficiently. supply scheme to take more water from the River Thames above Teddington Weir in west London. W e have used computer models and decision support tools to help develop programmes of options, assess them, and decide on our preferred programme. A programme is made up of a To start with we developed the lowest cost programme. However, our customers told us they wanted us to consider a range of factors in planning future water supply. This was also widely supported by the All programmes include: River abstraction above Teddington Weir 2020 New Buy number of options and sets out when each option is needed, and government and stakeholders. We therefore considered a number of Water groundwater water how much water it can provide. additional factors to ensure our water plan provides the best value Leakage efficiency Metering for money for our customers over the long term. reduction 2030 Factors considered in deciding on our preferred programme From 2035 onwards, all the alternative programmes include the development of new large water supply schemes. They all include a new reservoir, in combination with other supply schemes. Cost – both building and operating costs Least Most able to Lowest cost environmental cope with future Most sustainable Customers’ preferences – which options our customers prefer, and how they feel effect challenges about the risk of drought Oxford Desalination canal transfer 2030 Beckton Impact on the environment – both positive, such as recreational opportunities, and negative, such as loss of land River Severn transfer 2040 Desalination Deliverability – confidence that the programme will provide the water it is Water reuse Reservoir Beckton expected to Deephams Water reuse Deephams Reservoir Resilience - ability to cope with a range of challenges, such as droughts 2050 Reservoir Reservoir Inter generational fairness – how the costs are shared between customers now River Severn Oxford transfer Oxford and in the future 2060 canal transfer canal transfer Water reuse We also looked at how flexible the programme is to possible future Water Beckton Water changes. We call this adaptability. 2070 reuse reuse Beckton Beckton We developed a number of alternative programmes which: 2100 • met the water shortfall we forecast We worked with industry experts to review the alternative The size of the circle indicates how much water each of the options can provide. programmes. The experts challenged us to make sure our approach • improved our ability to cope with a severe drought was fair and balanced. From this work we have focused on the four best programmes. We analysed the four programmes and concluded that the To support this work we completed detailed assessments of how • looked beyond our supply area, considering the needs of the wider most sustainable programme is the best one for our area. This is the different programmes would affect the environment, including south east region. because it: a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). These considered the • reflects the preferences of our customers; environmental and social effects of options, preferred programmes The diagram opposite shows the four best We assessed the pros and cons of each of the alternative • is flexible enough to deal with a range of risks; for each water resource zone, and the preferred plan as a whole. programmes: programmes, and tested them to see how they would cope • is among the lowest cost programmes; and • lowest cost with different possible futures. This helped us understand, for • fairly shares the costs between customers now and future example, which programmes would be able to cope with more • least environmental effect generations. severe droughts, and which programmes would be best for the • most able to cope with future challenges environment. • most sustainable - this programme shares costs with future Section 9: Environmental appraisal generations in the fairest way Appendix B: Strategic Environmental Assessment Appendix C: Habitats Directive Assessment 16 Appendix BB: Water Framework Directive Assessment 17
But what if the future is different? One thing we can be certain of is that we can’t predict exactly how we can’t delay making decisions. It is clear there is going to be a the future will be. There are lots of uncertainties, including how growing water shortfall, so we need to plan and act now. We have quickly the number of people living in our area will grow, changes tested our preferred programme and are confident it can cope with to the amount of water we can take from the environment, the a wide range of possible futures. We will review our plan every five weather patterns we will see, and the the timing and amount of years and will make adjustments to take into account changes to our water that neighbouring water companies may need from us. But projections. There are lots of uncertanties in WRMP19 WRMP24 developing long term plans Every 5 years we And if not, review our plan to make changes see if it is still the right approach WRMP19 - Water Resources Management Plan 2019 Section 10: Programme appraisal and scenario testing Please give us your comments regarding the approach we have taken to develop our proposed water plan. Do you have any specific comments on: 1. How we have reflected the priorities of our customers 2. The way we have shortlisted options 3. How we have considered environmental and social impacts 4. The alternative programmes of options we have considered 18 19
Our proposed plan Water efficiency • Our customers have told us that they would like help to reduce their water use. We are already running an industry-leading programme to promote the efficient use of water to our customers and we plan to do more. • We will provide information, support and tailored advice through our Smarter Home U nless we act now, there will be a significant shortfall between efficiently as possible, and reduce waste. We have set ambitious Visit programme, which includes a free water audit and installation of free water supply and demand, and it will not be possible to provide a safe targets to reduce leakage from our water pipes and our customers’ saving technology, helping our customers use less water. We are also developing new and reliable water supply to our customers. own private pipes, install more smart water meters and give our approaches, such as an incentive-based reward scheme to encourage changes in water use and opportunities to use water treated to a lower standard to flush the loo. We will customers practical help and advice to reduce the water they use. also continue to work with local authorities, housing associations, schools and businesses Our top priority is to make the best use of the water we have Our proposals are summarised below. to promote the efficient use of water. available. We understand how important it is to our customers and other stakeholders that we use the water resources that we have as • In the next five years, by 2025, we will visit nearly 300,000 customers’ homes and businesses to promote water efficiency. The programme is estimated to save 24 million litres of water every day. Leakage • We manage more than 31,000 km of water pipes. The pipes in many areas of London, But actions to manage demand for water won’t be enough on their own, and we will and some parts of the Thames Valley, are amongst the oldest in the UK. Leaks are also need to develop new sources of water. There is no single new water supply option inevitable on a network of this size and age. In 2020, of the 2,600 million litres of water which can solve the shortfall so our proposed approach includes a combination of that we put into the network every day, we will lose around 646 million litres through options. leaks – that’s about 25 per cent. • Reducing leaks is our highest priority. This reflects the views of our customers, who expect an ambitious step-change in the amount of water that we lose through leakage. New water supplies Customers told us that they would like us to reduce leakage to around 15 per cent of the In the next five years, by 2025, we plan to: water that we put into supply, though they recognise that traffic disruption and cost may limit what is possible in the short term. • develop new groundwater sources in London which will provide around 12 million litres of water per day. • Our ambition is to reduce leakage by a minimum of 15 per cent by 2025*. This means we’ll reduce the amount of water lost from 646 to 549 million litres every day, or from 25 • buy water from other organisations who have spare licensed water which will provide to 22 per cent of the amount of water that we put into supply. We will do this through a around 17 million litres of water per day. major programme to replace and repair our water pipes. In the future we want to reduce • make preparations for a new scheme to take more water from the River Thames above leakage further, and are working hard to understand how much more we can achieve, by Teddington Weir in west London, which will provide around 270 million litres of water when and at what cost. We will include this in our revised plan. per day from 2030. An outline of the scheme is shown in the diagram below. Metering Direct river abstraction at Teddington • Smart meters provide customers with information that helps them take control of their London bills and reduce their water use. On average, households who have a smart meter reduce 1 their water use by between 15-20%. Meters also provide us with vital information to help manage our water supply network, including pinpointing leaks. Mogden Sewage Treatment Works (STW) The wastewater, collected • In the next five years, by 2025, we will install a further 400,000 smart meters in from houses and businesses, Some of the treated 2 is treated at the STW so that customers’ homes saving 49 million litres of water. it can be put back safely into wastewater effluent is pumped, via underground Richmond the River Thames tunnel, upstream to Teddington Twickenham Existing underground pipe to transfer water to the reservoirs in River the Lee Valley Thames Teddington Weir 3 The treated effluent is 4 put into the River Thames Direction of flow of above Teddington Weir to the River Thames make sure there is enough water New abstraction from the in the river for environmental River Thames. This water Teddington and navigational purposes. Treated effluent is transferred via an existing This is required to allow underground tunnel to supply to support flow in us to abstract water for customers with drinking water the River Thames drinking water supply Underground pipe *In the detailed report of our draft plan we set out our intention to reduce leakage by 9 per cent by 2025. Over the last few months we have listened to customers and stakeholders and as a result are now aiming for a minimum of 15 per cent reduction in leakage by 2025. 20 21
Shape your water future In the longer term we will need more new water supply. A safe and reliable water supply is essential for all our customers, a healthy environment Our draft Water Resources Management As set out on page 17 our preferred programme includes the We will also continue to reduce leakage from our pipes, help our and a prosperous economy. Tell us what you Plan 2019 covers an 80 year period, development of several new water supply options: customers to reduce their water use as well as explore innovative think about our water plan. from 2020 to 2100. approaches to new working practices. It has three parts: • a reservoir in Oxfordshire which would provide up to 300 million The public consultation starts in February 2018 and closes on Overview (this document) litres of water per day in the 2040s We have used the most accurate and up to date information to 29 April 2018. We will publish the information on our website at Main report - Executive summary and Sections 1-11 develop our plan but it is impossible to be certain when you are thameswater.co.uk/yourwaterfuture. • a water transfer from the Midlands using the Oxford canal which looking a long way ahead. We will update and improve our forecasts Technical Appendices – A to BB would provide 15 million litres of water per day around 2060 as we learn more over time, from government and our own analysis, Go to thameswater.co.uk/yourwaterfuture to view and will continue to examine other new water supply options such as How you can take part and download the documents • a water reuse scheme at Beckton in east London which would water transfers. You can tell us your views in one of the following ways. provide up to 285 million litres of water per day over a 10 year period from the 2060s The water transfers we have looked at involve buying water from Note - All responses to the public consultation will be shared with other water companies in the Midlands, Wales and the North the Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs What happens next? • an aquifer storage and recovery scheme in south east London West and transferring it to the River Thames. At this stage these (Defra). We’ll carefully consider all the responses we receive. In August 2018 which would provide 3 million litres of water per day by 2070 transfers are not included in our plan as they were shown to be more we’ll publish a report setting out the comments we received, and expensive than the reservoir and further work is needed on how and Complete our online feedback form explaining how we have taken these into account in revising our when they would operate to ensure the water is available when it is thameswater.co.uk/yourwaterfuture. plan. The report will be sent to everyone who has participated in the needed. We will continue to work closely with the other companies to consultation and will also be published on our website. examine these options. Send your feedback by email to both Thames Water at Section 11: Preferred programme consultations@thameswater.co.uk and to Defra at We are also consulting on our draft Business Plan, which looks at water. resources@defra.gsi.gov.uk what services we will deliver for our customers and how we will deliver them over a five year period from 2020 – 2025. Any comments Write via the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and received on water resources matters from this consultation will be Rural Affairs: taken into account in our water plan. WRMP c/o Water Resources Policy, We will then submit our revised water plan to the Department for Area 3D Nobel House Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). The Secretary of State Please give us your overall comments on our proposed plan. 17 Smith Square for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, based on advice from the London SW1P 3JR Environment Agency, and with consideration of the responses to the consultation, will decide if it is necessary to have further discussion A paper copy of the water plan will be available to view in on our water plan or approve it. our main office in Reading. To book an appointment please email: consultations@thameswater.co.uk. Thank you for taking the time to read this document Please give us any specific comments on our plans to: and helping us to shape your water future. 1. Reduce leakage We will be holding several local drop-ins and discussion forums throughout the consultation period to give you the 2. Continue our household metering programme chance to talk to us about our water plan and give us your 3. Promote the efficient use of water feedback. Go to thameswater.co.uk/yourwaterfuture to find out where we will be and when. 4. Take more water from the River Thames at Teddington Weir 5. Provide new water supply in the longer term Please give us any comments on the option to transfer water from other water companies in the Midlands, Wales or the North West. 22 23
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