Digital and Computational Cytology: What Is in the Horizon - Guest Editor: Jianyu Rao, Los Angeles, CA - Karger Publishers

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Digital and Computational Cytology: What Is in the Horizon - Guest Editor: Jianyu Rao, Los Angeles, CA - Karger Publishers
65 | 4 | 21      ISBN
                 978–3–318–06673–6

Digital and Computational Cytology:
What Is in the Horizon
Guest Editor: Jianyu Rao, Los Angeles, CA
Digital and Computational Cytology: What Is in the Horizon - Guest Editor: Jianyu Rao, Los Angeles, CA - Karger Publishers
The International
                                                                                                              L AC A D E M
                                                                                                        NA                       Y

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Academy of Cytology

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Tentative IAC                                             The role of cytology in complex
Examination sites                                         CSF diagnostics
                                                          14. October 2021
Cartagena, Colombia                                       Dr. Ondrej Sobek, Laboratory for CSF,
Saturday, 25. September 2021                              Neuroimmunology, Pathology and
XXX Congreso De La Sociedad Latinoameri-                  Special Diagnostics, Topelex sro. Prague,
cana De Citopatologia                                     Czech Republic
IV Congreso Del Capitulo De Citopatologia
De La Asociacion Colombiana De Patologia
                                                          Further IAC Events
Wrocław, Poland
Tuesday, 05. October 2021                                 IAC Annual General Meeting 2021
43rd European Cytology Congress 2021                      Friday, 17. September 2021
                                                          Virtual Meeting on-line
Paris, France
Tuesday, 16. November 2021                                IAC International Congress &
                                                          Annual General Meeting 2022
                                                          21st International Congress of Cytology &
IAC webinars                                              the 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the
                                                          American Society of Cytopathology
Lung Cytology                                             14.–19. November 2022
08. July 2021                                             Baltimore, USA
Dr. Maria D. Lozano Escario, Navarra Cancer
Center, Universidad de Navarra,
Pamplona, Spain

           For more information visit www.cytology-iac.org                                                                                             EA21091

                        Associate Prof. Andrew S. Field   Prof. Fernando Schmitt
                        MB BS(Hons), FRCPA, FIAC,         MD, PhD, FIAC
                        Diploma of Cytopathology (RCPA)   General Secretary
                        President

                                                                                                                                                   MI21002
Digital and Computational Cytology: What Is in the Horizon - Guest Editor: Jianyu Rao, Los Angeles, CA - Karger Publishers
Acta Cytologica
                           L AC A D E M
                     NA
I N T E R N AT I O

                                              Y
                                                  OF
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      HE

                                                              The Journal of Clinical Cytology and Cytopathology
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                                                              Founded 1957 by George L. Wied
                                                              Continued 2004–2013 by Marluce Bibbo

                                                              Editor-in-Chief
                                                              Kari J. Syrjänen – SMW Consultants Ltd., Turku, Finland

                                                              Associate Editors
                                                              Massimo Bongiovanni – SYNLAB Pathology SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
                                                              Lukas Bubendorf – University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
                                                              Lan Chen – Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
                                                              Edmund S. Cibas – Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
                                                              Andrew S. Field – St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
                                                              Kusum Kapila – Kuwait University Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait-City, Kuwait
                                                              Ivana Kholová – Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
                                                              Adhemar Longatto-Filho – University of Minho School of Health Sciences, Braga, Portugal
                                                              Robert Y. Osamura – Keio University School of Medicine, Kawasaki-ku, Japan
                                                              Fernando C. Schmitt, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
                                                              Pio Zeppa – Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Salerno, Italy

                                                              Honorary Editor
                                                              Marluce Bibbo – Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA

                                                              Editorial Board
                                                              Mousa A. Al-Abbadi – University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
                                                              Syed Z. Ali – The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
                                                              Zubair W. Baloch – Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
                                                              Beata Bode-Lesniewska – University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
                                                              Sule Canberk – University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
                                                              Ashish Chandra – St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
                                                              Nikolaos Chantziantoniou – CellPathology Plus, Richmond Hill, ON, Canada
                                                              Angela Chong – Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
                                                              Beatrix Cochand-Priollet – Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
                                                              Immacolata Cozzolino – University of Naples, Naples, Italy
                                                              Peter Dalquen – University Hospital Basel, Sissach, Switzerland
                                                              Ben Davidson – Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
                                                              Udupi S. Dinesh – Sri Dharmasthala College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
                                                              Hormoz Ehya – Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
                                                              Marianne Engels – University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
                                                              Guido Fadda – Foundation “Agostino Gemelli” University Hospital, Rome, Italy
                                                              Annabelle Farnsworth – Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
                                                              Pinar Firat – Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

                                                                                                                                                (Continued on next page)

                                                                                                                  Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper
                                                                                                                  (ISO 9706) by Printec Offset, medienhaus, Kassel
Digital and Computational Cytology: What Is in the Horizon - Guest Editor: Jianyu Rao, Los Angeles, CA - Karger Publishers
(Continued)

Franco Fulciniti – Istituto Cantonale di Patologia, Locarno, Switzerland
Rosario Granados Carreño – Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
Shirley E. Greening – International Academy of Cytology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Philip Ip – Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR
Deepali Jain – All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Walid E. Khalbuss – NGHA King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Jerzy Klijanienko – Institut Curie, Paris, France
Tadao K. Kobayashi, – Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
Britt-Marie Ljung – University of California Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
Zahra Maleki – The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, USA
Pamela M. Michelow – University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Maria Nasioutziki – University of Thessaloniki, Medical School Aristotle, Thessaloniki, Greece
Ritu Nayar – Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicaco, IL, USA
Binnur Önal – Cinnah Cadessi, Ankara, Turkey
Bo Ping – Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
Álvaro P. Pinto – Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Aruna Prayaga – Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
Marc Pusztaszeri – Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
Samreung Rangdeang – Chiang Mai University Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Olaf Reich – Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
Alenka Repše-Fokter, Celje General Hospital, Celje, Slovenia
Esther D. Rossi – Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
Mauro A. Saieg – Santa Casa Medical School, Sao Paolo, Brazil
Torill Sauer – UiO Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nordbyhagen, Norway
Spasenija Savic – University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Pawel T. Schubert – Stellenbosch University & NHLS, Tygerberg, South Africa
Irena Shabalova – Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow,
    Russian Federation
Momin T. Siddiqui – New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
Lambert Şkoog – Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
John H.F. Smith – Lodge Moor, Sheffield, UK
Yuko Sugiyama – Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Eszter Szekely – Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
Nobuhiro Takeshima – Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Edneia M. Tani – Karolinska Institute and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Esperanza Teuzaba – Institution Patolab Rx Ltda, Bogota, Colombia
Helen J. Trihia – Metaxas Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
Gary Tse – Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR
Laszlo Vass – Flor Ferenc Hospital of Pest County, Kistarcsa, Hungary
Guang-Ping Wu – China Medical University, Shenyang, China

Junior Editorial Board
Ricardo R. Lastra – University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Yurina Miki – Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London UK
Joerg Schwock – University Health Network, Toronto, CA
José Cândido Xavier Jr – Unisalesiano Araçatuba, Brazil

                                                    © 2021 S. Karger AG, Basel
                                                    www.karger.com
                                                    karger@karger.com
Digital and Computational Cytology: What Is in the Horizon - Guest Editor: Jianyu Rao, Los Angeles, CA - Karger Publishers
National and Regional Societies and Editors

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                                                                                                                                                  International Editor

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                                                                                                                                                  Kari J. Syrjänen

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The journal is also the official periodical of the following
National and Regional Societies                                                                                                                   National and Regional Editors

Albanian Society of Cytology .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Majlinda Buba Ikonomi
Sociedad Argentina de Citologia  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Mercedes Gamboni
Australian Society of Cytology  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Andrew S. Field
Société Belge de Cytologie Clinique/Belgische Vereniging voor Klinische Cytologie .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Claire Bourgain
Sociedade Brasileira de Citopatologia  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Álvaro Piazzeta Pinto
British Society for Cytopathology .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Karin Denton
The Canadian Society of Cytology/Société Canadienne de Cytologie  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Harmanjatinder S. Sekhon
Ceská spolecnost pro klinickou cytologii .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Jaroslava Dušková
Sociedad Chilena de Citologia .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Miguel Socias
Chinese Society of Cytopathology  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Dongge Liu
Colombian Association of Pathology, Section of Cytopathology, ASOCOLPAT  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Esperanza Teuzaba Torres
Croatian Society for Clinical Cytology  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Vesna Mahovlić
Danish Society of Pathologic Anatomy and Clinical Cytology .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Doris Schledermann
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zytologie  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Dietmar Schmidt
Dutch Society of Pathology .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Elle K.J. Risse
European Federation of Cytological Societies .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Martin Tötsch
Sociedad Española de Citologia  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Mercedes Santamaría Martínez
Finnish Society of Clinical Cytology .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Leena Krogerus
La Société Française de Cytologie Clinique .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Marie-Cécile Vacher Lavenu
Hellenic Society of Clinical Cytology  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Ekatreini Politi
Hong Kong Society of Cytology  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Nancy Yuen
Magyar Pathologusok Tarsasaga-Cytodiagnosztikai Sectio  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . László Vass
Indian Academy of Cytologists .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Meherbano M. Kamal
Iranian Society of Clinical Cytology .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Mansour Mehzad
Società Italiana di Citologia .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Patricia Maioli
Società Italiana di Anatomia Patologica Citodiagnostica .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Sonia Prandi
Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Kenji Yanou
Kazakhstan Association of Clinical Cytologists .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Leyla B. Djansugurova
Korean Society for Cytopathology .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Soon Won Hong
Sociedad Latino-Americana de Citología  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Luiz Martins Collaco
Mexican Academy of Cytopathology .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Oralia Barboza Quintana
New Zealand Society of Cytology .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Peter N.G. Fitzgerald
Norsk Forening for Klinisk Cytologi  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Ben Davidson
Österreichische Gesellschaft für Zytologie .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Peter Regitnig
Sociedad Peruana de Citologia .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Delia M. Jara Facundo
Sociedade Portuguesa de Citologia .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Fernando C. Schmitt
Romanian Society of Cytology .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Irina Ecaterina Julea
Russian Association of Clinical Cytologists .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Naum A. Shapiro
Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Klinische Cytologie .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Lukas Bubendorf
Slovenian Society of Clinical Cytology .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Alenka Repse Fokter
Suid-Afrikaanse Vereniging vir Kliniese Sitologie/South African Society of Clinical Cytology .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Pamela M. Michelow
Svensk Förening för Klinisk Cytologi .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Edneia M. Tani
Taiwan Society of Clinical Cytology .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Chiung-Ru Lai
Turkish Society of Cytopathology  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Özlem Aydin
Sociedad Uruguaya de Citologia .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  Carmen Alvarez-Santín
West African Society of Cytology  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Jaiyeola Thomas

                                                                                                                                                  © 2021 S. Karger AG, Basel
                                                                                                                                                  www.karger.com
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Journal Information

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                                                           Acta Cytologica fosters the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms behind cyto-
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Deepen your understanding
Titel
of AI‘s role in cytopathology

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           Digital and Computational
           Cytology

           The role of artificial intelligence in pathology can be a complex
           topic. However, it is a vitally important one. This 30-minute, free-
           to-access course is designed to deepen your understanding
           of the material in Acta Cytologica issue 04, 2021. Students will
           be able to test their understanding of terminology used, and prac-
           tice creating a data set of slides.
                                                                                  IA21067_280

           Authors:
           Ewen McAlpine
           Pamela Michelow

RESEARCH
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Indispensable reading in cytopathology and beyond

                                                                                                                          The Journal of Clinical Cytology and Cytopathology

The Journal of Clinical Cytology and Cytopathology

Editor-in-Chief
Kari J. Syrjänen,
 Turku                                                                                            l
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                Official Periodical

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                of the International

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                Academy of Cytology

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                                                                                                                                                                                         ...
                                                                                                                                                                          ...   19 5 7

                                                                     The of IAC

The official Journal of

Founded in 1957, Acta Cytologica was the first and, for decades, the only       Selected contributions
cytopathology journal. As the official journal of the International Academy     • A Review of the Use of Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Mammary
of Cytology and affiliated to nearly 50 national cytology societies around        Tumors for Diagnosis and Research: Tani, E.; Fuentes-Martinez, N.; Skoog, L.
the world, it remains the only truly international journal in the field. This    (Stockholm)
makes Acta Cytologica unique in its global coverage and geographically          • Two Fortuitous Papers in 1917 That Conceived Diagnostic
representative submissions. With the published original studies, reviews,         Cytopathology: Chantziantoniou, N. (Doha)
meta-analyses, carefully selected case reports, and letters to the editor       • Criticism of the Pap Smear as a Diagnostic Tool in Cervical Cancer
which maintain a good balance between clinical cytology and cytopa-               Screening: Schneider, V. (Freiburg)
thology, Acta Cytologica fosters the understanding of the pathogenetic          • George Papanicolaou’s Efforts to Develop Novel Cytologic Methods for
mechanisms behind cytomorphology. The journal thus facilitating the               the Early Diagnosis of Endometrial Carcinoma: Austin, R.M. (Pittsburgh, PA)
translation of cutting-edge research into clinical practice. Acta Cytologica    • Two Landmark Studies Published in 1976/1977 Paved the Way for the
                                                                                  Recognition of Human Papillomavirus as the Major Cause of the Global
covers topics from diagnostic cytopathology, gynecologic and nongyne-
                                                                                  Cancer Burden: Syrjänen, K.J. (Helsinki/Barretos)
cologic cytopathology to fine needle aspiration, molecular techniques
                                                                                • The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology: A Historical
and their diagnostic applications, thus addressing a multidisciplinary au-
                                                                                  Perspective: Nayar, R. (Chicago, IL); Wilbur, D.C. (Boston, MA)
dience, far beyond the practicing cytopathologists and cytologists.
                                                                                • Expectations and Projections for the Future of Nongynecolgical Cytology
                                                                                  10 Years Ago: Did They Materialize and How Did We Do?: Schmitt, F.C.
                                                                                 (Porto); Vielh, P. (Dudelange)

Acta Cytologica
Founded: 1957
Category: Clinical Research
Field of Interest: Cytology
Listed in bibliographic services, including:
PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science,
Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase
2019: Volume 63
6 issues per volume
Language: English
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       KF 19001

ISSN 0001–5547
e-ISSN 1938–2650                                                                More information at w w w. karger.com/ac y
Digital and Computational Cytology: What Is in the Horizon

There is both hope and hype around the potential of artificial in-
telligence (AI) and machine learning to transform the discipline of
cytopathology. On one extreme, there are claims that medical pro-
fessionals will no longer be required to analyze pathology slides.
On the other extreme, there are claims that AI‘s role has limited or
no clinical value. The truth is somewhere in the middle, and AI will
likely become a valuable companion to the cytopathologist who
knows how to use and interpret it correctly.

This special issue is a first step to educate our readers to become
just such a cytopathologist. It includes a mixture of review and
original research of application of AI systems for the cytological
diagnosis of various organ systems. While primarily of interest to
cytopathologists and cytotechnologists, it will also be interesting
reading for pathologists of all fields and to those working in AI
and health care.
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