CERES-EGC Training Principles for gaseous N emissions Spatialisation and application at the France Scale
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CERES-EGC Training
Principles for gaseous N emissions
Spatialisation and application at the France Scale
Massad Raia Silvia
Gabrielle Benoit
N cycle and gaseous N emissions in
agriculture
N2 atmosphérique
Fixation
biologique
Nr
Nr
Volatilisation
(NH3, NOx)
Nr
lessivage
Nr Nr
N2O and NO emissions by soils
N2
Dénitrification
Organic N N2O
Mineralisation
NO
Assimilation
NH4+ NO2- NO3-
Nitrification
CERES-EGC-NOE
Denitrification: Fct (soil water content, soil
temperature, [NO3-])
Dn = PDR × fWFPS × fT × f NO −
3
Nitrification: Fct (soil water content, soil temperature,
[NH4+])
N i = Vmax × NWFPS × NT × N NH +
4
N2O Flux:
Henault et al. 2005
FN 2O = r × Dn + c × N i
NO Flux: Laville et al., 2005
FNO = a × N iNr emissions: denitrification
Denitrification rate (Dn) 0 ,8 5
0 ,8
= PDR x f(WFPS) x f(T)x f(NO3) 0 ,75
0 ,7
0 ,6 5
0 ,6
Ni t rat e fact or
0 ,5 5
0 ,5
0 ,4 5
0 ,4
0 ,3 5
1 0 ,3
0 ,2 5
0 ,9 0 ,2
0 ,1 5
0 ,8
0 ,1
Moi st ure fact ore
0 ,7 0 ,0 5
0
0 ,6
0 20 40 60 80 100
0 ,5
Ni t rat e concent rat i on (m g N kg soi l )
0 ,4
0 ,3
2 ,5
0 ,2
2 ,2 5
0 ,1
2
Tem perat ure fact or
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 1 ,75
Wat er-fi l l ed pore space (%) 1 ,5
1 ,2 5
1
0 ,75
0 ,5
PDR: potential denitrification rate (kg N/ha/day) 0 ,2 5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Tem perat ure (°C)Nr emissions: nitrification
0,95
0,9
Nitrification rate (Ni) 0,85
0,8
= MNR x f(WFPS) x f(T)x f(NH4) 0,75
Am monium factor
0,7
0,65
0,6
0,55
0,5
0,45
1 0,4
0,35
0,9
0,3
0,8 0,25
0,2
Moist u r e f a ct or
0,7
0,15
0,6 0 10 20 30 40 50
0,5 Amm onium concentration (mg N/kg soil)
0,4
0,3
2,4
0,2
2,2
0,1
2
0
Tem per atur e factor
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1,8
Wa t er -f illed p or e sp a ce (%) 1,6
1,4
1,2
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
MNR: maximum nitrification rate (kg N/ha/day) 0,2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Soil tem per atur e (°C)Integration of nitrous oxide emissions in
CERES-EGC
--- Simulated
o Observed
Haplic calcisol
Redoxic luvisol
Haplic luvisol
Simulation by CERES with two different N2O emission modules for a wheat
crop in the Beauce region (Gabrielle et al. 2006)Parameterization and uncertainty
List of model parameters
Symbol Description Range Unit
PDR Potential denit. rate 0.1-20 kg N/ha/day
MNR Maximum nit. rate 1 - 10 kg N/ha/day
Q10_d1, Q10_d2 T response (denit.) 2 - 80 Unitless
d WFPS response (denit.) 0 - 2 Unitless
W0D WFPS response (denit.) 50 – 80 % Unitless
threshold WFPS
KND Half saturation (denit.) 5 - 120 mg N-NO3/kg soil
KNN Half saturation (nit.) 1 - 50 mg N-NH4/kg soil
W0N WFPS response (nit.) ? Unitless
Q10_N T response (nit.) ? UnitlessParameterization and uncertainty
List of model parameters (cont'd)
Symbol Description Range Unit
r Ration of N2O/N2 0-1 Unitless
c Ratio of N2O/Ni 0.01 - 1 %
a Ratio of NO/Ni ? Unitless
Parameter sets available for a range of soils (in France)
Mostly the potential rates are soil-specific
Response parameters are cross-correlated
Uncertainty analysis was done on denitrification parameters
(remains to be done for the rest !)NH3 emissions by soils
fixation déchets
engrais
volatilisation émissions
animaux plantes
d’ammoniac de N0 et N20
physico-chimique biologiques
N2
Azote minéral diazote
NH4+ NH3 NH3
ammonium ammoniac ammoniac N2O
en solution en solution gazeux protoxyde
d’azote
NO
NO2- oxyde
nitrite NO3- nitrique
nitrate
nitrification dénitrificationNH3 emissions by soils in CERES-EGC
(Volt’air, Genermont & Cellier 1997)
Calculated according
to Shuttleworth and
Wallace (1985) χ Met.
a
adapted by (Brisson
et al., 1998) F conditions
Ra
Soil
NH4s↔NH4l↔NH3l↔NH3g Soil
Ts temperature
θs and water
pH
Plant Soil
Approach not fully tested…CERES-EGC-France
Preparing Spatialised output
Simulating N2O
Spatialised Input N2O fluxes weighed
fluxes using
data = simulation by simulation
CERES-EGC
polygons polygonsLL: liquid limit; DUL:
drained upper limit ;
SAT: Saturation point;
OC: Organic Carbon;
AGRESTE: pH; da: apparent
cultural practices density, initial [NH4+],
(irrigation, [NO3-]
fertilisation,
sowing, harvest) +
Culture
partitionnig / unit
Daily Tmax, Tmin, Rg, P,
ETP, UAGRESTE: LL: liquid limit; DUL:
Daily Tmax, Tmin, Rg, P, cultural practices drained upper limit ;
ETP, U (irrigation, SAT: Saturation point;
fertilisation, OC: Organic Carbon;
sowing, harvest) + pH; da: apparent
Culture density, initial [NH4+],
partitionnig / unit [NO3-]
Donesol:
soil types
(18 types /
1:250 000)
Agregated into
12 different soil
types distibuted
over FranceAGRESTE: LL: liquid limit; DUL:
Daily Tmax, Tmin, Rg, P, cultural practices drained upper limit ;
ETP, U (irrigation, SAT: Saturation point;
fertilisation, OC: Organic Carbon;
sowing, harvest) + pH; da: apparent
Arable land Culture density, initial [NH4+],
partitionnig / unit [NO3-]
Corinne Land Cover
Donesol:
soil types
(18 types /
1:106)
Administrative
regions (cantons)
Agregated into
12 different soil
types (files)
distibuted over
FranceAGRESTE: cultural LL: liquid limit; DUL:
Daily Tmax, Tmin, Rg, P, practices (irrigation, drained upper limit ; SAT:
ETP, U fertilisation, sowing, Saturation point; OC:
harvest) + Culture Organic Carbon; pH; da:
partitionnig / unit apparent density, initial
Arable land
[NH4+], [NO3-]
Corinne Land Cover
Donesol:
soil types
(18 types /
1:106)
Administrative
regions (cantons)
CarboEurope,
Safran Agregated into
12 different soil
types distibuted
over FranceCERES-EGC-France
Preparing Spatialised output
Simulating N2O
Spatialised Input N2O fluxes
fluxes using
data = simulation weighed by
CERES-EGC
units simulation units
Soiltypes
Landuse N2O fluxes
administrative regions Daily N2O fluxes
projected on
(cultural practices) (g N-N2O /ha ) for
each culture
Chimère grid
meteo
Total N2O flux per
Total N2O flux per
12120 simulation simulation unit
simulation unit
units over FranceExample output
Example output
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