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BREXIT BRIEF
BRIEF
BREXIT
Brexit Brief Issue 79: 22 January 2020
Introduction
The Brief seeks to provide up-to-date information on the progress and content of the UK-EU negotiations, and
bring together relevant statements and policy positions from key players in Ireland, the UK and EU.
The Brief is part of a wider communications programme covering the work of the IIEA’s UK Project Group –
including commentaries, speeches, texts and event reports – which are highlighted on the Institute’s website.
(www.iiea.com)
Section One: State of Play our laws and our trade policy.” He further said that once the
Withdrawal Agreement had been ratified, the Government
Withdrawal Agreement Bill Passed by House of Commons would “proceed swiftly to the completion of a free trade deal
with the EU by the end of December 2020 […] bringing the
The European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Bill was supremacy of EU law to an end and restoring permanently
approved by the House of Commons on 9 January. The the sovereignty of this place.” He concluded:
Government secured a vote of 330-231, a majority of 99.
The newly elected SDLP and Alliance Party MPs joined the Three years ago, Parliament entrusted the decision
other opposition parties in voting against the Bill while the of our relationship with the EU to the British
people. By passing the Bill, we will send a clear
eight DUP MPs abstained. The Bill was then delivered to the message that we have listened, and we have acted.
House of Lords for further scrutiny. In doing so, we will restore trust in this House and
in our democracy. Once Brexit is delivered on 31
The Brexit Secretary, Steve Barclay, made the concluding January, we can turn our eyes towards our other
speech for the Government, urging the House of Lords to national priorities: education and skills; making
our country safer; investing in the future of our
pass the Bill, on the basis of the “resounding message from the much-loved NHS; and levelling up all parts of the
British people on 12 December” and the “sizeable majorities in United Kingdom. This is what people care about.
the Committee votes”. He outlined that the Bill would “secure It is what this people’s Government cares about.
our departure from the European Union with a deal that gives Passing the Brexit Bill will unlock the time and
energy to make those priorities a reality.
certainty to business, protects the rights of our citizens and
ensures that we regain control of our money, our borders,
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During the Commons debate, all eleven Northern Ireland For the opposition Labour Party, Lady Hayter remarked:
MPs joined forces to seek changes in the legislation to “Before us we have a very poor Bill, and one that is being
guarantee “unfettered access” for Northern Ireland businesses rushed through Parliament. The Government are determined
to the rest of the United Kingdom. Their amendment was to allow no change whatever, even if deficiencies are identified.
strongly supported in statements by Sinn Féin, the Ulster This is both stupid, as corrections will have to be made later,
Unionist Party and Northern Ireland business leaders. The and arrogant, with scant regard to our normal, democratic
amendment was defeated by 337 votes to 262. method of law-making.”
The DUP spokesman, Sammy Wilson – the only Northern European Parliament
Ireland MP allowed to speak on the amendment – said that:
To enter into force, the Withdrawal Agreement between
Every Northern Ireland MP in the House of the European Union and the United Kingdom needs to be
Commons supported this proposal, such is the approved by the European Parliament by a simple majority
degree of concern about the impact on the Northern
of votes cast under the terms of Article 50 (2) of the Treaty
Ireland economy if we do not have such access to our
largest market. The Government’s own assessments on European Union. Parliament will vote on the Withdrawal
state that there will be an impact on the Northern Agreement after the ratification process in the UK has been
Ireland economy from the withdrawal agreement. completed. The vote is expected to take place on 29 January.
The Director of CBI in Northern Ireland, Angela McGowan,
The UK departure from the EU will be marked in the
commented that “given the unprecedented support from the
European Parliament in a low-key ceremony shortly after the
Northern Ireland political parties and business community it
formal vote on the Withdrawal Agreement. The heads of the
is clearly disappointing that reassurances haven’t yet translated
British political party delegations will be invited to contribute
into clear legal commitments.”
a few words. The UK flag will be lowered by parliament staff
House of Lords Scrutiny and sent to the Brussels House of History Museum.
The House of Lords dealt with the Second Reading and The Parliament’s Brexit Steering Group will be disbanded.
Committee stages of the Withdrawal Bill in the week of A UK coordination group will be established to keep MEPs
13-16 January 2020. The Bill was subjected to line-by-line abreast of the negotiations on the future EU-UK relationship.
examination and a number of amendments were proposed
but not adopted. The Report Stage was scheduled to begin on President von der Leyen in London
20 January and the Government expect the Bill to return to
The Commission President, Ursula von der Leyen, visited
the House of Commons for its final adoption, ensuring that
London on 8 January 2020 for discussions with Prime
Brexit will take place on 31 January.
Minister Boris Johnson on the issues arising from the UK‘s
Introducing the Bill, Lord Callanan, for the Government said: imminent exit from the European Union.
“I am delighted that we have been able to secure our departure
Downing Street issued a memorandum on the discussions:
from the EU with a deal that gives certainty to businesses,
protects the rights of citizens and ensures that we regain On Brexit, the PM stressed that his immediate
control of our money, our borders and our laws. Passing this priority was to implement the Withdrawal
Bill will allow us to honour the result of the 2016 referendum, Agreement by January 31. They discussed the
progress of ratification in the UK and in the
get Brexit done and focus on our other national priorities.” European Parliament. He said the UK wanted a
positive new UK and EU partnership, based on
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT
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friendly cooperation, our shared history, interests unprecedented in scope. Everything from climate
and values. The PM reiterated that we wanted action to data protection, fisheries to energy,
a broad free trade agreement covering goods and transport to space, financial services to security.
services, and cooperation in other areas. And we are ready to work day and night to get as
much of this done within the timeframe we have.
The PM was clear that the UK would not extend
None of this means it will be easy but we start this
the Implementation Period beyond 31 December
negotiation from a position of certainty, goodwill,
2020; and that any future partnership must not
shared interests and purpose.
involve any kind of alignment or ECJ jurisdiction.
He said the UK would also maintain control of UK
UK Chief Negotiator Selected
fishing waters and our immigration system. The PM
made clear that we would continue to ensure high Prime Minister Boris Johnson has appointed David Frost,
standards in the UK in areas like workers’ rights,
animal welfare, agriculture and the environment. his Europe Adviser both as Foreign Secretary and Prime
Minister, to head Taskforce Europe at the Cabinet Office
The PM said the UK was ready to start negotiations
on the future partnership and Canada-style FTA as and to lead the upcoming negotiations on future relations
soon as possible after January 31. between the UK and the EU. David Frost is seen as one of
the few senior Foreign Office diplomats who has supported
President von der Leyen delivered a major keynote speech
Brexit. The EU has established its Taskforce, led by Michel
at the London School of Economics. She spoke of Brexit
Barnier, and the Council will adopt a formal mandate for the
day as “a tough and emotional day” and said that the EU is
negotiations in February.
ready to negotiate “a truly ambitious and comprehensive new
partnership” and “will go as far as we can.” She also addressed
As preparations are made for opening negotiations in February
the complexity of the negotiations ahead and spoke of the
or March the stated position of the UK Government that
cost of divergence from Single Market regulation:
an agreement must be reached by the end of the Article 50
But the truth is that our partnership cannot and Transition Period on 31 December 2020 constitutes a major
will not be the same as before. And it cannot and challenge. This UK position has been written into law in the
will not be as close as before – because with every Withdrawal Agreement Bill. Michel Barnier has commented
choice comes a consequence. With every decision
that failure to meet this UK red line would mean that “the
comes a trade-off. Without the free movement
of people, you cannot have the free movement of transition period will end on 1 January 2021 without any
capital, goods and services. Without a level playing arrangements for a new future relationship […] it would
field on environment, labour, taxation and state mean the return of tariffs and quotas: a total anachronism for
aid, you cannot have the highest quality access to
interconnected economies like ours.”
the world’s largest Single Market.
The more divergence there is, the more distant the EU sources suggest that consideration is being given to
partnership has to be. And without an extension of negotiating separate, limited arrangements in a number of
the transition period beyond 2020, you cannot expect
to agree on every single aspect of our new partnership. key areas – trade, fisheries, transport, aviation, security –
We will have to prioritise. The European Union’s within the limited timeframe. President von der Leyen said
objectives in the negotiation are clear. We will work in London that “The transition time is very, very tight. So, it
for solutions that uphold the integrity of the EU, its is basically impossible to negotiate all […] so we will have to
single market and its Customs Union. There can be
no compromise on this. prioritise.” She then made the case for an extended transition
period. “We might want to make a reconsideration of the
But we are ready to design a new partnership
with zero tariffs, zero quotas, zero dumping. A time frame before 1 July.”
partnership that goes well beyond trade and is
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT
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It is reported in London that Boris Johnson intends to wide range of policy areas and institutional arrangements. In
formally open trade talks with the US before the opening particular, the Commitments dealt with the implications of
of discussions with the EU on long term relationships. It is the UK Withdrawal Agreement for the island of Ireland.
argued that speaking to the US first will show that “we mean
business and we’re not messing around.” The UK Government recognised
Chancellor of the Exchequer: ‘no alignment’ with EU the importance for Northern Ireland of the negotiations with
the European Union on a new trading relationship, and on the
In an interview with the Financial Times, the Chancellor of implementation of the Protocol to the Withdrawal Agreement
the Exchequer, Sajid Javid delivered a hard message to UK on Northern Ireland and Ireland. We have already committed
business leaders hoping for close relations with EU systems, to ensuring that there is a New Deal for Northern Ireland as
structures and rules, telling them that “There will not be we leave the European Union, maximising trade opportunities
alignment, we will not be a ruletaker, we will not be in the and investment. The Government is determined to get the
Single Market and we will not be in the Customs Union right deal for Northern Ireland and the whole of the United
— and we will do this by the end of the year.” He made it Kingdom and would welcome close engagement with a restored
clear that there could be no prospect of Treasury support for Executive on Northern Ireland’s priorities in the next phase.
big manufacturing sectors — which include cars, aerospace,
pharmaceuticals, and food and drink — that favour alignment In recognition of this, the Government will ensure that
with EU regulations. Mr Javid urged companies to “adjust” to representatives from the Northern Ireland Executive are invited
the new reality. to be part of the UK delegation in any meetings of the UK-EU
Specialised or Joint Committees discussing Northern Ireland
The UK car industry responded to the Chancellor’s message specific matters which are also being attended by the Irish
by warning that splitting from European regulations will cost Government as part of the European Union’s delegation.
billions of pounds and damage British manufacturing and
consumer choice. The Food and Drink Federation said that We will aim to negotiate with the European Union additional
the proposals were likely to cause food prices to rise later in the flexibilities and sensible practical measures across all aspects of
year. The CBI argued that, for many firms, keeping existing the Protocol that are supported by business groups in Northern
EU rules would support jobs. Ireland and maximise the free flow of trade. The Government
commits to ensuring that Northern Ireland’s businesses benefit
Section Two: The Evolving Debate from the UK’s new Free Trade Agreements signed with other
countries, and to consulting a restored Executive along with
Northern Ireland Assembly and Executive Re- the other devolved administrations on our wider trade policy.
established
The Irish Government believes “that the North South
On Saturday 11 January 2020 the five Northern Ireland
Ministerial Council can take forward important action-
political parties reached an agreement paving the way for
oriented dialogue in the context of the implications of
the recalling of the Northern Ireland Assembly and the re-
Brexit, as well as other strategic challenges for these islands,
establishment of the Northern Ireland Executive, with the
including all-island cooperation and coordination to tackle
DUP’s Arlene Foster as First Minister and Sinn Féin’s Michelle
climate breakdown. The North South Bodies are a vital part
O’Neill as Deputy First Minister.
of delivering all-island cooperation as an integral part of
As part of the overall agreement the UK and Irish the Good Friday Agreement. The Government is ready to
Governments published detailed Commitments across a immediately resume discussions with the Executive on the
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT
BRIEF BREXIT BRIEF 079 | JAN 2020
next period of corporate planning guidance for the North is fair competition. We are open to keeping the
South Bodies and on necessary resourcing within wider United Kingdom as close as possible to us. But the
budgetary parameters.”
truth is that our partnership cannot and will not be
as close as before – because with every choice comes
a consequence. With every decision comes a trade-
Commission President von der Leyen in Dublin off. We all know that the negotiations will not be
easy. But I am very confident that Phil Hogan and
Commission President Ursula von der Leyen visited Dublin Michel Barnier will do an outstanding job – good
on 15 January 2020. Following talks with the Taoiseach, that we can count on them! And I am convinced
Leo Varadkar, she said that formal talks with the UK, which that the European Union and Ireland will continue
to thrive.
would begin at the end of February or early March, would
simultaneously cover a range of issues and remarked that “We EU Preparatory Arrangements
are in a very good spirit to go as fast as possible to work as hard
as possible day and night to move forward quickly.” An Ad Hoc Council Working Party assists the Council and
Coreper (Committee of Permanent Representatives) in
The Commission President addressed a State Dinner in all matters related to the UK’s withdrawal from the EU. It
Dublin Castle on 15 January 2020, recalling that, when has a permanent chair and meets in an EU27 format. The
Ireland joined the EEC in 1973, the country was seeking to role of the Council (and its preparatory bodies) is to ensure
achieve a standard of living comparable to that of the other that the Brexit negotiations are carried out in line with the
nations of Western Europe. European Council guidelines and the Council negotiating
directives, as well as to provide continuous guidance to the
This was less than 50 years ago, but it feels like
ages. Ireland is a different country today – peaceful, Union negotiator.
prosperous, confident about the future. Your success
is partly linked to European funds and the power The European Commission has established a Task Force for
of the Single Market. But the European Union has Relations with the United Kingdom, headed by the former
been much more to Ireland. Your membership of the Chief Negotiator Michel Barnier. The Task Force will be
European Union paved the way to the Good Friday
Agreement – through years of diplomacy, increased in charge of coordinating all the European Commission’s
trust with the United Kingdom, and the removal work on strategic, operational, legal and financial issues
of customs posts from the border. And when Brexit related to the United Kingdom’s withdrawal and its future
put the Good Friday Agreement under threat, the relationship with the European Union. The Task Force
European Union stood firmly on the side of peace.
will bring together resources from across the Commission
The United Kingdom has committed to a Protocol involving EU High Representative, Josep Borrell and Trade
that makes sure that a hard border will never ever
come back again, neither physically, nor mentally. Commissioner, Phil Hogan.
We now expect the Withdrawal Protocol to be
implemented in full and we will invest in ensuring The Task Force has initiated internal preparatory discussions
that. We will not let anyone turn the clock back with the Council Working Party with the production of a series
to those dark days – you have my word. And for of Slides for presentational and information purposes covering,
that I am very happy to note the recent agreement
to date, areas including Free Trade Agreement, Personal Date
on restoring of power sharing government in
Northern Ireland. Protection, Level Playing Field and Sustainability, Fisheries,
Last week I was in London to meet Prime Minister Transport, Energy, Law Enforcement, Foreign Policy, Security
Boris Johnson. I have made clear that we want the and Defence.
closest possible relations with the UK – our British
friends. It is the story about old friends and new
beginnings. Our goal is zero tariffs and zero quotas
on our mutual trade. But the precondition for this
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT
BRIEF BREXIT BRIEF 079 | JAN 2020
Conference on Future of Europe Angela Merkel in Financial Times
The concept of a Conference on the Future of Europe In a rare interview with the Financial Times, Angela Merkel
featured in the strategic agenda proposed by the incoming spoke of Brexit as a “wake-up call” for the EU. She said
Commission President, Ursula von der Leyen, arguing that that Europe must respond by “upping its game”, becoming
Europeans must be given a stronger role in EU decision- “attractive, innovative, creative, a good place for research and
making. The European Council, on 12 December 2019 education” which is why, she argues, the “EU must continue
published Conclusions on the Conference: to reform.”
The European Council considered the idea of a She also spoke of her “firm conviction”, which guides her
Conference on the Future of Europe starting in
to work towards “the best win-win situations […] when
2020 and ending in 2022. It asks the Croatian
Council Presidency to work towards defining a partnership of benefit to both sides are put into practice
Council position on the content, scope, composition worldwide.” She is determined to “preserve and defend
and functioning of such a conference and to engage, multilateralism” a concept which the article described
on this basis, with the European Parliament and
as embattled, in an age of Trump, Brexit and a resurgent
the Commission.
Russia. She described Europe as “Germany’s anchor” saying
The Conference should build on the successful
that “I see the European Union as our life insurance […]
holding of citizens’ dialogues over the past two years
and foresee broad consultation of citizens in the Germany is far too small to exert geopolitical influence
course of the process. It needs to involve the Council, on its own, and that’s why we need to make use of all the
the European Parliament and the Commission, in benefits of the Single Market.”
full respect of the interinstitutional balance and
their respective roles as defined in the Treaties. Section Three: Background Material and
The European Council underlines the need for an Further Reading
inclusive process, with all Member States involved
equally. There should be shared ownership by EU
institutions and Member States, including their Background Material
parliaments.
Hansard European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Bill
The General Affairs Council will take up the issue at the end 2019. https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2020-01-09/
of January. debates/D0792D24-67D7-484C-B94F-3A7D43685852/
EuropeanUnion(WithdrawalAgreement)Bill
The European Parliament, on 15 January 2020, launched
a debate on the Conference and adopted a Resolution House of Lords European Union Committee. Brexit: the
outlining its initial position. The Resolution argued that the revised Withdrawal Agreement and Political Declaration,
Conference: “should be an occasion to closely involve EU 10 January 2020. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/
citizens in a bottom-up exercise in which they are listened ld5801/ldselect/ldeucom/4/4.pdf
to and their voices contribute to the debates on the future
of Europe” and that the Conference should be composed GOV.UK Joint Statement from President Macron,
of a range of bodies with diverse responsibilities, such as: a Chancellor Merkel and Prime Ministerr Johnson, 6
Conference Plenary, Citizens’ agoras, Youth agoras, a Steering January 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-
Committee and an Executive Coordination Board. It also statement-from-president-macron-chancellor-merkel-and-
emphasised that all bodies at all levels of the Conference prime-minister-johnson-on-the-situation-in-iraq
should be gender balanced.
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT
BRIEF BREXIT BRIEF 079 | JAN 2020
Governments of UK and Ireland New Decade New Financial Times Boris Johnson puts faith in Brexit supporter
Approach, January 2020. https://www.dfa.ie/news-and- David Frost. FT, 16 January 2020. https://www.ft.com/
media/press-releases/press-release-archive/2020/january/new- content/bef4d592-21a4-11ea-b8a1-584213ee7b2b
decade-new-approach-.php
Irish Times EU’s Barnier says it will take more than a year
GOV.UK PM meeting with EU Commission President to agree full deal with UK. IT, 9 January 2020. https://www.
Ursula von der Leyen: 8 January 2020. https://www.gov. irishtimes.com/business/economy/eu-s-barnier-says-it-will-
uk/government/news/pm-meeting-with-eu-commission- take-more-than-a-year-to-agree-full-deal-with-uk-1.4134757
president-ursula-von-der-leyen-8-january-2020
Open Europe Attention turns to the structure of next phase
European Commission Speech by President von der Brexit talks, 9 January 2020. https://www.openeurope.org.uk
Leyen at the London School of Economics on ‘Old friends,
new beginnings: building another future for the EU- Philip Stephens Memo to Brexit Britain – free trade is not
UK partnership’, 8 January 2020. https://ec.europa.eu/ a vote-winner. FT, 16 January 2020. https://www.ft.com/
commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH_20_3 content/be0c198a-3791-11ea-a6d3-9a26f8c3cba4
European Commission Remarks by Michel Barnier at the Financial Times Boris Johnson to seek fast-track EU
European Commission Representation in Sweden, 9 January trade talks. FT, 6 January 2020. https://www.ft.com/
2020. https://www.ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/ content/4e9246d6-2fd7-11ea-9703-eea0cae3f0de
detail/en/STATEMENT_20_13
The Guardian Brexit: Boris Johnson to open trade talks with
RTE Johnson describes Von der Leyen meeting as Ursula von der Leyen. Guardian, 6 January 2020. https://
‘positive’. RTE, 8 January 2020. https://www.rte.ie/ www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/jan/06/johnson-to-
news/2020/0108/1104978-brexit open-post-brexit-trade-talks-with-ursula-von-der-leyen
Financial Times Ursula von der Leyen: three takeaways The Telegraph Boris Johnson says he is ready to
from her Brexit speech. FT, 9 January 2020. https://www. negotiate Canada-style Free Trade Agreement with the EU.
ft.com/content/76624cac-3238-11ea-a329-0bcf87a328f2 Telegraph, 9 January 2020. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/
politics/2020/01/08/boris-johnson-says-ready-negotiate-
RTE EU chief vows ‘day and night’ talks on post-Brexit canada-style-free-trade-agreement
trade deal. RTE, 15 January 2020. https://www.rte.ie/news/
politics/2020/0115/1107709-von-der-leyen-dublin. Irish Times Johnson signals ‘no alignment’ with European
Court of Justice. IT, 9 January 2020. https://www.irishtimes.
Denis Staunton Johnson’s withdrawal agreement secures com/news/world/uk/johnson-signals-no-alignment-with-
firm backing of House of Commons. IT, 10 January 2020. european-court-of-justice-1.4134270
https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/uk/johnson-s-
withdrawal-agreement-secures-firm-backing-of-house-of- The Guardian Brace yourself: the next phase of Brexit is
commons-1.4135265 going to get messy. Guardian, 7 January 2020. https://www.
theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jan/07/next-phase-
Politico Von der Leyen: EU to pursue ‘unprecedented’ deal brexit-messy
with UK. Politico, 8 January 2020. https://www.politico.eu/
article/von-der-leyen-eu-to-pursue-unprecedented-deal-with-uk
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT
BRIEF BREXIT BRIEF 079 | JAN 2020
Financial Times Forget staying close to EU after Brexit, Centre for European EU Sticking to Tried and Trusted
chancellor tells business. FT, 17 January 2020. https://www. Approach to Brexit Talks, 15 January 2020. https://www.cer.
ft.com/content/18ddc610-3940-11ea-a6d3-9a26f8c3cba4 eu/in-the-press/eu-sticking-tried-and-tested-approach-brexit-
talks
BBC Brexit: ‘No alignment’ with EU on regulation, Javid
tells business. BBC, 18 January 2020. https://www.bbc. The Telegraph Boris Johnson expected to open trade talks
com/news/uk-politics-51157933 with US before negotiating with the EU. Telegraph, 18 January
2020. https://www,telegraph.co.uk/politics/2020/01/17/
Irish Times Britain’s chancellor says ‘no alignment’ with EU boris-johnsonexpected-open-trade-talks-us-negotiating-eu
after Brexit. IT, 17 January 2020. https://www.irishtimes.
com/news/world/uk/britain-s-chancellor-says-no-alignment- Financial Times Boris Johnson tees up fight over fishing
with-eu-after-brexit-1.4144234 in talks with EU leaders. FT, 9 January 2020. https://www.
ft.com/content/a0190f9a-3206-11ea-a329-0bcf87a329f2
Financial Times Carmakers say diverging from EU
regulation will cost ‘billions’. FT, 18 January 2020. Financial Times CBI urges government to include business
https://www.ft.com/content/10ec1b28-39f4-11ea-b232- in post-Brexit trade talks. FT, 14 January 2020. https://
000f4477fbca www.ft.com/37b1c9b8-33c0-11ea-9703-eea0cae3f0de
BBC Brexit: Price rises warning after chancellor vows EU The Telegraph Boris Johnson on collision course with big
rules divergence. BBC, 18 January 2020. https://www.bbc. business groups as aides plan to ditch two-year hiatus before
com/news/uk-politics-51161808 new immigration rules. Telegraph, 18 January 2020. https://
www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2020/01/18/boris-johnson-
Politico Salami tactics loom for Brexit trade talks. Politico, collision-course-big-business-groups-aides-plan
9 January 2020. https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-uk-deal-
salami-tactics-loom-for-brexit-trade-talks Will Hutton Remainers aren’t going to vanish on 31 January.
We fight on, sure of our cause. Guardian, 12 January 2019.
Euractiv Parliament kicks off debate on the Future of https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jan/12/
Europe Conference, 18 January 2020. https://www.euractiv. remainers-arent-going-to-vanish-on-31-we-fight-on-sure-of-
com/section/future-eu/news/parliament-kicks-off-debate-on- our-cause
the-future-of-europe-conference
The Telegraph Brexit is a ‘wake-up call’ for the EU, says
European Parliament Resolution of 15 January on the Angela Merkel. Telegraph, 16 January 2020. https://www.
European Parliament’s position on the Conference on the telegraph.co.uk/politics/2020/01/16/brexit-wake-up-call-eu-
Future of Europe. https://www,europarl.europa.eu/doceo/ says-angela-merkel
document/TA-9-2020-0010_EN.html
Centre for European Reform Flexibility does not come for
RTE UK’s Brexit bill set for final parliamentary free, 16 January 2020. https://www.cer.eu/insights/flexibility-
hurdle. RTE, 7 January 2020. https://rte.ie/news/ does-not-come-free
world/2020/0107/1104721-brexit
As an independent forum, the Institute does not express any opinions of its own. The views expressed in the article are the sole
responsibility of the author.BREXIT
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The Guardian Brexit: no union jack-lowering ceremony in Irish Times EU will not be rushed into trade deal ‘just
European parliament. Guardian, 16 January 2020. https:// because Britain passes law’, says Coveney. IT, 14 January
www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/jan/16/brexit-no- 2020. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/eu-will-
union-jack-lowering-ceremony-in-european-parliament not-be-rushed-into-trade-deal-just-because-britain-passes-
law-says-coveney-1.4137383
The Federal Trust Scotland’s European Choices as UK
exits the EU, 14 January 2020. https://www.fedtrust.co.uk/ Tony Connelly Brexit talks: Goodbye Canada, hello
scotlands-european-choices-as-uk-exits-the-eu Switzerland? RTE, 11 January 2020. https://www.rte.ie/
news/brexit/2020/0110/1105666-brexit-talks
European Council on Foreign Relations. Boris’s revenge:
The coming assault on Britain’s democracy, 16 December Irish Times North’s MPs fail in bid to alter British
2019. https://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_boriss_ government Brexit law. IT, 9 January 2020. https://www.
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