BANANASIssue: 54 | DECEMBER 2018 - WHO DARES WINS DIVERSIFYING TO STAY AHEAD - Australian Banana Growers' Council
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
BANANAS
Issue: 54 | DECEMBER 2018
WHO DARES WINS
DIVERSIFYING TO STAY AHEAD
SHARING BANANA SCIENCE PAGE 7
THE WAY FORWARD PAGES 12–13
TAKING ON TURKEY PAGES 16–17
abgc.org.au
1
Collect EDITORIAL
Sonia Campbell
0428 038 330
the Pair.
sonia@abgc.org.au
ART DIRECTION & DESIGN
Impress Art Graphic Designs
0438 176280
impressart.com.au
PUBLISHER
Australian Banana
Stop the suckers and borers wherever they’re Growers’ Council Inc.
hiding in your banana crop, with the innovative ABN: 60 381 740 734
combination of the two active ingredients of CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Jim Pekin
Movento Energy insecticide:
®
INDUSTRY STRATEGY MANAGER
• Controls actively feeding larvae of banana weevil borer. Michelle McKinlay
For those who
• Controls early nymph stages of rust thrips. R&D MANAGER
22
• When used as directed does not cause mite flare. Dr Rosie Godwin
understand the
Always ensure the product is handled appropriately
and in accordance with the Precautions and Safety
EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Leanne Erakovic
ADVERTISING
importance of
CONTENTS
Directions on the Movento Energy label. Hilary Opray
info@abgc.org.au
To learn more visit: BOARD OF DIRECTORS
or talk to your localsoil health.
Issue: 54 | DECEMBER 2018
crop.bayer.com.au/moventoenergy Chairman
Bayer representative. Stephen Lowe
Deputy Chairman
REGULARS BANANA FEATURE Leon Collins
You love the land, and we do too. CEO’s Report 4 Grow Time: Diversifying the farm 10-11
Treasurer
Stephen Spear
That’s why we’re introducing Serenade® Prime, and using Chair’s Report 5 Panama TR4 business plan 12 Directors
beneficial bacteria to help nurture. Sustainable, flexible Jade Buchanan
and effective, it provides opportunity for:
QBAN list 30 Congress 2019: Program sneak peak 24-25
Ben Franklin
• Healthier soil, naturally
Marketing update 34-35 Feral Pig update: The TR4 boar war 26 Tom Day
Paul Inderbitzin
• Better use of soil resources Growers giving back with Foodbank 27
ALL MAIL TO
• Improved growth response Banana ambassador Billy Slater 36 PO Box 309
• Higher yields and high quality produce INDUSTRY NEWS Profile: South East Queensland grower Ray Nelson 37 BRISBANE MARKET
EPPR Levy Proposal 4 QLD 4106
So if you love your land, speak to your Bayer
AUSTRALIAN BANANAS
representative today, or for more information Fresh ‘better’ vending birthday 6
and offers, visit biologics.bayer.com.au
LEAD Program 6
RESEARCH Australian Bananas is published three times a year
by the Australian Banana Growers’ Council Inc. as
Co-ordination of the R&D Project 13 manager of the Banana Industry Communications
Banana Scientific Symposium 7 Project. This project is funded by Horticulture
New variety trial at South Johnstone 14 Innovation Australia (Hort Innovation) using
David Peasley retires 7
Lessons from the Philippines 15 the banana levy and funds from the Australian
Funding for BMP delivery 8 Government.
ProMusa 2018 in Turkey 16-17
Peter Kenny Medal winners 8 DISCLAIMER
The Banana Nitrogen dilemma 18 Horticulture Innovation Australia (Hort Innovation)
Coffee Bean Weevil update 8 and ABGC make no representations and expressly
The banana microbiome 19
Get the facts on Chlorpyrifos dust 8 disclaim all warranties (to the extent permitted by
Bunchy Top project update 22 law) about the accuracy, completeness, or currency
Meet the new Plant Health Officer 9 of information in this magazine. Users of this material
Under the Microscope: Bunchy Top 23
Matt Abbott’s Nuffield report into branding 28 should take independent action to confirm any
Innovation field trial 29 information in this magazine before relying on it in
MIP update: High Efficiency Basin installed 30 any way. Reliance on any information provided by
Spotlight on tissue culture nurseries 31 Hort Innovation and ABGC is entirely at your own risk.
The Panama TR4 diagnostic team 32 BANANA EVENTS Hort Innovation and ABGC are not responsible for,
and will not be liable for, any loss, damage, claim,
Check your plants for TR4 33 Murwillumbah Show 38 expense, cost (including legal costs) or other liability
arising in any way (including from Hort Innovation’s
ABGC Annual General Meeting 39 and ABGC’s or any other person’s negligence or
2018 Banana Hurl 39 otherwise) from your use or non-use of the magazine,
Pictured front page: Tablelands banana grower Andrew Serra
or from reliance on information contained in the
magazine or that Hort Innovation and ABGC provide
to you by any other means.
Bayer CropScience Pty Ltd
ABN 87 000 226 022
YEAR
of the
GROWER 19 27 36
Bayer CropScience Pty Ltd ABN 87 000 226 022.Level Level1,1, 88 Redfern
Redfern Road,
Road Hawthorn East, VIC 3123, Australia. Technical Enquiries: 1800 804 479 enquiries.australia@bayer.com
Movento® is a registered trademark of the Bayer Group. crop.bayer.com.au
Hawthorn East
VIC 3123, Australia
*Conditions apply, see www.yearofthegrower.com.au. Must be 18+ or a growing/farming business in AU to enter. Starts: 12/3/18 Ends: 7/3/19. Retain receipt/s. Draws:
crop.bayer.com.au
18/9/18 and 11/3/19 at 11am at Engage Australia, L8, 56 Clarence Street Sydney NSW 2000. Winners published at www.yearofthegrower.com.au on 21/9/18 and
14/3/19. Prize: Polaris Ranger 570 HD off-road vehicle valued at $16,490 (1 per region, 5 per draw, 10 in total, see full terms for details). Promoter: Bayer Cropscience Pty
Serenade is a registered trademark of the
/abgc | /abgc | abgc.org.au 3
®
Ltd (ABN 87 000 226 022) Level 1, 8 Redfern Road, Hawthorn East, VIC 3123. NSW Permit No.Bayer Group.
LTPS/18/21472, ACT Permit No. TP18/00072, SA Permit No. T18/51 Robert Hinrichsen, Kalfresh
COMMENT COMMENT
2018 YEAR IN REVIEW MAPPING FUTURE PLAN FOR TR4
Jim Pekin, CEO Stephen Lowe, ABGC Chair
2018 ABGC has worked with Biosecurity Queensland control. We are certainly the envy of other banana Five-year In the meantime, ABGC has devised a Business begun the process of consulting with growers
(BQ) on all elements of the TR4 program. That industries across the globe and we applaud the Case for a Five-Year TR4 Control and Containment nationally to seek feedback on the case for both
The major issues joint approach is now developing into a formal Future TR4 Program, which is explained in greater detail industry and government investment in this
work that is being carried out in the R&D space.
handled by ABGC over partnership for future governance, strategy and Plan on Page 12 of the magazine. By now, growers program.
the past year were
Panama TR4 (which
delivery. Reef Water Quality Many growers would
nationally should have also received notification of While ABGC will not be making any commitment
this Business Case and the way forward, via mail, to funding until this consultation process has been
dominated strategy, Feral Pigs ABGC is also dealing with the challenges of reef be aware that the sent out earlier this month. completed, it does believe that it is appropriate for
advocacy and our main water quality. Most banana growers are doing a recently released
activities), research Separately, ABGC continues to lead and fund a very ABGC believes that in order to continue to contain industry to eventually provide partial funding to the
ACIL Allen report -
successful aerial shooting program to contain feral great job keeping sediment and nutrients where TR4, industry needs to establish a clear way program. One possible source of funding that has
and development (R&D) commissioned to review
projects and environment/profitability issues. pig populations in the Tully Valley. This program has they are best kept – on farm. It is of course not forward, with any future management plan to been identified is the existing PHA levy, however
Biosecurity Queensland’s Panama TR4 Program
assisted greatly in reducing plague proportions of profitable to lose these to waterways that head out continue to be a collaborative approach between we believe it would only be appropriate if industry
– highlighted the need for future funding of the
TR4 Recap the pests, recognised as a vector of Panama Tropical to the reef. program to be a shared responsibility between industry and government. had an element of control over the allocation of this
Race 4. funding.
Three farms detected with TR4 in three years is both The Queensland Government is likely to table a government and industry. The aim of the TR4 Program is to provide a cohesive
A shared funding and operational agreement for
a reflection of good containment and perhaps a bit Levies reef-related regulation in Parliament in March ABGC is fully supportive of the Program. In fact, response strategy, which will capitalise on the
the governance of the program is also proposed.
of good luck. While this is considered a success, successful work of the past three years and provide
ABGC has recently proposed to the Australian 2019. Details of this will be contained in new codes there is little doubt that without it, TR4 would have This is likely to take shape in a Memorandum of
compared to other places that have TR4, it’s no a program with enhanced efficiencies through to
Government that it reduce the Emergency Plant Pest under the regulation. spread a lot further and much more rapidly in the Understanding (MOU), which also will be guided
comfort to the farm owners who have infected June 2024.
(EPP) Response levy from 0.75c/kg to zero, as at 1 Tully Valley, since the first detection in 2015. by growers’ views of this document and would
properties (IPs).
July 2019. We estimate that at that date the industry Congress However, ABGC is also well aware that after three
The objectives of the Program are: underpin a solid 3-5 year plan for the TR4 Program
ABGC continues to manage the first IP, where we would have paid back all but a small amount of going forward.
shut down all operations after purchasing that farm The 2019 Congress on 22-24 May on the Gold Coast years of poor prices, the significant cost to upgrade 1. T o limit the area infested by Panama
this debt for the Banana Freckle Response. We I would encourage all growers nationally to consider
in October 2016. On 8 February 2018, a third farm each farm’s biosecurity, not to mention two existing disease tropical race 4; and
certainly don’t want a surplus in that levy account is shaping up to be the best yet. Sonia Campbell
industry levies to pay, growers simply have very the value and benefits of the TR4 program and
returned a positive diagnosis for TR4, the property because it can only be used for any future formal and the Congress Committee have developed a very 2. T o slow the spread of TR4 by control
little capacity to contribute to any further funding provide any feedback to ABGC by emailing or
was in the same area as the other two IPs. EPP responses. interesting program. Please put it in your diaries and containment activities so as to buy
needs at this stage. phoning Jim Pekin - jim.pekin@abgc.org.au or
The attitude and commitment of these IP owners and don’t forget to register soon to take advantage time for the industry to incorporate new 07 3278 4786 .
is to be congratulated and commended. A special
R&D The ABGC has advised government of this research outputs and for the industry and
of the great early bird deals.
mention must go to Gavin and Stephen Mackay, On the R&D front, the industry is fortunate to and subsequently has asked the Queensland community to adjust to changes brought Merry Christmas
on by TR4.
who have assisted industry greatly over the past have such a large and diverse pool of scientists Lastly Government as a matter of urgency to continue On a final note, l’d like to take this opportunity on
year, by sharing their experiences and explaining and research groups working on a range of to fund the TR4 program until the end of the There is also a need to ensure funding is available behalf of ABGC to wish everyone a Happy Christmas
to groups of growers, how they are managing projects, aimed at assisting growers with improved Thanks to everyone for their support during the 2018/2019 financial year. for the program for the next five years. ABGC has and a safe and prosperous New Year.
operating with TR4. profitability, growth, sustainability and disease year.
CALLING ALL LEVY PAYERS
A PROPOSAL TO END THE EPPR (FRECKLE) LEVY
ABGC recently proposed to the Australian This debt is expected to be paid off by 1 July 2019, or shortly thereafter. The
ABGC has recently written to the Federal Minister for Agriculture and Water
Government that it reduce the Emergency Plant Resources proposing that the EPPR levy be deactivated as at July 1, 2019. He
Pest Response (EPPR) levy from was advised that any small debt remaining at that point is to be paid by the
0.75c/kg to zero, as at 1 July 2019. Plant Health Australia (PHA) levy. Both the Department of Agriculture and
Water Resources and PHA have agreed to this approach.
This would save growers 0.75c/kg or
The other option for the industry would be to continue the EPPR levy, which
11.25c per 15kg carton. would mean a significant surplus by September 2019. However, the industry
The banana industry’s contribution to the National Banana Freckle does not want a surplus in that levy account because it can only be used for
Eradication Program is now estimated by the Australian Banana Growers’ any future formal Emergency Plant Pest responses.
Council (ABGC) to be $12.2 million. The debt for this has been paid through ABGC is seeking feedback on this proposal, especially if there are any
the banana industry’s EPPR levy, since July 1, 2015. objections to it. The objection period is to finish on January 31, 2019.
For your input, objections or to ask any questions, please phone or email ABGC CEO Jim Pekin at jim.pekin@abgc.org.au or 07 3278 4786. ABGC board (from left) Chair Stephen Lowe, Treasurer Stephen Spear, Deputy Chair Leon Collins, Ben Franklin, Paul Inderbitzin and Jade Buchanan.
You can also send objections to the Department of Agriculture and Water Resources via response.policy@agriculture.gov.au. (Tom Day absent).
4 AUSTRALIAN BANANAS MAGAZINE | DECEMBER 2018 /abgc | /abgc | abgc.org.au 5
INDUSTRY NEWS INDUSTRY NEWS
FIVE YEARS OF FRESH, SHARING THE SCIENCE
OF BANANAS
END OF AN
ERA AS
HEALTHY VENDING DAVID
The team behind fresh ‘better’ vending
marked their fifth birthday with a party
“In the past, as soon as the shops shut, you were
back to confectionary food. Now, people have
PEASLEY
any five-year-old would be proud of:
delicious cake, snacks to take home and a
another option.” RETIRES
The birthday party was held on November 20 at One of the industry’s strongest
resounding ‘Happy Birthday’.
Royal Brisbane Women’s Hospital, the site of the advocates, David Peasley, will retire
But while a traditional party might feature chips first ‘City Pantry’. at the end of 2018.
and chocolate, this one showcased their healthy,
Mr Peasley spent almost 50 years working
accessible products including, of course, bananas.
tirelessly for the banana industry, including
Even the cake, created by Brubecks Boutique Foods, on preventing imports, trialing new varieties
was a tasty banana and carrot cake with coconut and fighting Bunchy Top.
cream icing.
In 2015, the Australian Banana Growers’
The fresh vending concept includes BananaBar, Council (ABGC) presented him with the
FruitBar, Neuvo Foods and the ‘emporium’ style ‘Award of Honour – for outstanding service to
George Knezevic and Daniel Mackay, part of the The City Pantry at the Royal Brisbane Women’s the industry.’
City Pantry, which encompasses multiple vending fresh ‘better’ vending team. Hospital.
options and a customer kitchen. The ABGC extends its deepest appreciation
Created by the Mackays and initially launched Mr Mackay said there was a real push towards a to Mr Peasley on behalf of the Board and
in 2013, their first machine was a BananaBar in better eating style, particularly fresh meals. growers.
Brisbane city. They have now expanded to 35 Of course, fresh fruit remains key to this project, Look out for an in-depth feature on David
machines across 14 sites. including their Smart Bananas. Peasley’s career in the next edition of
Australian Bananas.
“We started out doing the banana vending by itself, “We’ve spoken about bananas being a fast food, but
before moving onto other fruits,” explained Vending they are very hard to purchase for that purpose. We
Business Manager Daniel Mackay. counted all the places you could buy a banana in
Brisbane city - there were only 20 where they were
“Overall it’s just become all about fresh food. It
available as a fresh, fast food option.”
BENCHMARKING
wasn’t necessarily about vending as much as it was
about healthy snacking and giving people better The fresh vending team saw that as a challenge, and
REPORT
options. The vending side just made sense, in that sought to make bananas and other ‘better’ products What is a birthday party without a cake cutting?
PUBLISHED
we can do it 24 hours a day.” more accessible.
A unique insight into the Australian
Researchers and scientific minds from Production Systems, Stewart Lindsay said. banana industry is now available
through the benchmarking program’s
YOUNG GROWERS LEADING THE WAY across the country convened in Cairns on
November 27-28 to discuss the latest in
“We’ve had people presenting their science,
we’ve had networking activities, and hypothetical
final report.
industry research and development. Published by Howard Hall, of Pinnacle
The second round of the national As with the first round of the program, the scenarios to make people think about how they
Leadership Exploration and banana industry was well represented - with Far The Banana Scientific Symposium was a chance for would collaborate and respond, if a new situation Agribusiness, the Hort Innovation funded
Development (LEAD) program was held Northern growers Shayne Cini and Mick Horsford presenters and other participants to share ideas, in the banana industry arose. It’s about building project involved data collection throughout
in Canberra on November 11-12. in attendance - along with Australian Banana network and deliver up-to-date information on a more cohesive R&D team that supports the 2015/16 and 2016/17.
Growers’ Council Communications Manager current projects and research activities, as well as industry.” For the first time, a breakdown of
Sonia Campbell who presented an insight into future R&D trials. environmental management and farm
More than 50 delegates attended including
effective communication through media - titled Far northern banana farmers Shayne Cini biosecurity is also included.
Organized by the Department of Agriculture and Australian Banana Growers’ Council Research
‘Influencing through Communications’. (left) and Mick Horsford.
Fisheries (DAF), the program included updates and Development Manager Rosie Godwin. Other The participant group represented more
The LEAD program involves growers from a on a range of topics including Panama TR4, soil researchers and scientists came from Queensland than 30% of the total Australian production
range of horticulture industries. Participants characteristics, banana varieties and diagnostics. DAF, NSW DPI, NT DPI&R, the University of of bananas, and over 300 participants have
learn from and collaborate with a range of key Queensland, other universities and industry. received personalised, confidential reports to
“There were three things we wanted to achieve
stakeholders, designed to improve their business Almost 30 speakers presented over two days. help their businesses.
out of the symposium. It was about improving
and make a positive difference to industry. Topics
networks and linkages between researchers; “We’ve got people here, who in the normal course The report – Banana Enterprise Comparison
include effective lobbying, decision making,
Participants in the second national LEAD program fostering improved collaboration on current of their work don’t actually meet, but who all 2016/17 – is available through Hort
came from a range of horticulture industries including organisational governance and change; and Australian Banana Growers’ Council
banana, melons, avocado, pineapple, lychee, and future research; and essentially to provide work in bananas. So they have really enjoyed the Innovation’s website: https://horticulture.
workplace culture. Communications Manager Sonia Campbell.
passionfruit, strawberry and mango. a forum for an exchange of ideas in research opportunity to be brought into the same room to com.au/resources/final-report-order-form/
and development,” DAF Team Leader, Banana share their ideas.”
6 AUSTRALIAN BANANAS MAGAZINE | DECEMBER 2018 /abgc | /abgc | abgc.org.au 7
INDUSTRY NEWS INDUSTRY NEWS
BMP BACK FOR COFFEE BEAN
WEEVIL NO
CARL LANDS AT ABGC
ROUND TWO LONGER PEST WITH A HOP, SWIM AND JUMP
IN WA
Funding has been secured for a further four years of Best Management Practice Coffee Bean Weevil Araecerus fasciculatus has
delivery through the Queensland Department of Environment and Science. been removed from the list of quarantine
pests for WA.
The second phase of the project will focus on
The beetle is now considered a permitted
delivering extension to growers to help them organism and all previous regulations have
improve their farming practices and profitability. been revoked after the pest was found in
multiple locations in the Perth area.
Reef Extension Officer Rob Mayers will be making
This means that although banana loads
contact with growers who haven’t yet completed the entering WA will still undergo an import
self assessment checklist to deliver BMP training. verification inspection, WA authorities will no
He will also encourage them to revisit and update longer be looking for coffee bean weevil and
even if they are found, bananas will not be
their BMP action plan if necessary.
subject to fumigation and can no longer be
On top of that, Rob can provide training in the rejected.
New ABGC Plant Health Officer Carl Rickson is excited to be joining the team.
use of BetterBunch – a great record keeping app Any questions can be directed to Dr Rosie
designed specifically for the banana industry. Godwin, ABGC R&D Manager, via rosie.
godwin@abgc.org.au. Carl Rickson has certainly taken the road a few times, or ten! I’ve built up a good rapport with good crack and look forward to the challenge.”
“Investing an hour or so with Rob will put growers less travelled on his way to becoming a them over the years, which I am thankful for as it’s
When Carl isn’t roaming banana farms, you’ll find
on the front foot for the water quality regulations Plant Health Officer. made my transition to ABGC so much easier.”
him with his kids and close family.
that are likely to start in the next couple of years,” GET THE The newest face in the Australian Banana Growers’ He’s now looking forward to building on those
“My three children all live in Cairns, so I spend
Council office has played NRL, skippered boats, relationships and helping growers with their pest
Australian Banana Growers’ Council Strategy FACTS ON worked on a ski mountain in Japan and even in rail. and disease issues. every opportunity with them at all their sporting
Manager Michelle McKinlay said. CHLORPYRIFOS But it’s clear he brings a passion for bananas to his “I am learning on the run and will gain valuable
activities. We are all members of the Cairns Surf Life
“Growers will find out if they need to improve DUST new role. experience from growers and the ABGC team,” he
Saving Club, so we spend most winter weekends at
said. the beach.”
ABGC Reef Extension Officer Rob Mayers.
elements of their farming practices – and exactly Organophosphate insecticides are commonly His first job in the banana industry was as a team
how to go about that.” used to control insect pests in bananas, leader for the Panama TR4 biosecurity program, “Many people have told me I have big shoes to fill, And if you didn’t guess from his time spent playing
including thrips, caterpillars and borers. which he took up after moving back to the ‘Good and that I have. professionally, he’s just a little into footy.
Country’ following two years in England.
A NATURAL EVOLUTION TO Chlorpyrifos dust is a common option, but
it can poison humans as well as insects “I’ve visited nearly all growers in North Queensland
“Louis Lardi is a size 12, and I’m a size 10, so they’re
going to take some filling. But I’m going to give it a
“I’m a mad Broncos supporter and an even bigger
Queensland Maroons fan. Live for it!”
AWARD WINNING BUSINESS if absorbed through the skin, inhaled or
swallowed. Under state laws, businesses are
Walkamin growers, Rob and Krista Watkins (Natural Evolution), were awarded the
prestigious Peter Kenny Medal in November.
therefore required to ensure the health and
safety of their workers and others while at
BANANA
The Medal, which includes a prize of $3000, is Natural Evolution produces a range of products
work.
The permit for use (PER14240) is held by
SPRINKLER
awarded annually to an individual or organisation including green banana flour and gold sweet
the Australian Banana Growers’ Council and SUPERNET ™ SPRINKLER
who has made an outstanding contribution to potato flour.
is current until 30 SEP 2020. It includes all 9 Flow Rates: 20, 30, 35, 40, 50, 58, 70, 90 & 110 L/ph.
Queensland’s agriculture, fisheries and/or forestry registered products containing 500 g/kg
sector in terms of innovation leading to profitability
and sustainability.
Chlorpyrifos as their only active constituent.
SuperNet™ Nozzle Cross Sectional Area (mm²) up to
30% larger than our competitors. NETAFIM
The Australian Banana Growers’ Council Press Fit Inlet Connectors allowing for easy retrofitting. SUPERNET ™ SPRINKLER
Minister for Agricultural Industry Development and has recently updated its fact sheet online, BANANA SPRINKLER
Long Range, Medium Range and Short Range swivel
Fisheries, Mark Furner, paid tribute to both the to include the latest information on this options available.
Watkins and Emerging Leader Award winner Jesse insecticide. It is very important the product Floating Silicon Diaphragm, for continuous self-flushing
Moody. is used according to the label, Safety Sheet throughout the irrigation cycle.
and permit instructions, including the use of A more robust and highly visible 6mm red fibreglass rod.
“I congratulate Rob and Krista Watkins and Jesse
personal protective equipment.
Moody who beat a strong field of nominees to NETAFIM AUSTRALIA
claim these awards which identify and support Rob and Krista Watkins won the 2018 Peter Find the fact sheet at www.abgc.org.au in the Tel: 1300 307 407
Email: au.net.info@netafim.com
Kenny Medal. Image: Department of Agriculture Bunch Pests section.
leaders and innovators in the agriculture sector,” and Fisheries
Web: netafim.com.au
he said.
8 AUSTRALIAN BANANAS MAGAZINE | DECEMBER 2018 /abgc | /abgc | abgc.org.au 9
INDUSTRY NEWS INDUSTRY NEWS
WHO DARES WINS
INVESTING IN MORE THAN BANANAS
It’s a much touted old saying: don’t put all your eggs in one basket.
And it seems banana growers have taken heed, filling their baskets not only with
bananas, but with avocados, sugarcane, cattle and more.
For a variety reasons including risk and disease management, many growers around
Australia have diversified.
Amy Spear spoke to three of them, to find out a little more.
Andrew Serra
Bananas, Avocados
Tablelands grower Andrew Serra has 85 hectares
each of bananas and avocados.
“Where we go to from here will depend on how
the bananas perform over the next few years,”
he said.
“It’s been a tough few years for bananas and
Dennis Howe
we’re keeping an eye on the spread of TR4.”
Bananas, Avocados, Sugarcane, Coffee, Blueberries
Mr Serra started packing bananas in 2012, and
“Pick a crop you can grow, and grow well.”
avocados followed in 2013. The bananas were
designed to be an income stream while avocados This simple advice – which can actually require a great deal of experience and skill – is at
Leon Collins got off the ground, as the latter take up to five
the heart of Walkamin-based grower Dennis Howe’s business.
Bananas, Avocados, Sugarcane, Cattle years to go into production. The respected, long-time grower is currently farming bananas, accounting for roughly
Leon Collins runs one of the largest banana operations in the country, so it comes as no 70 per cent of the business, with another 20 per cent to avocados and the rest divided
surprise that he knows how to read his crops. He’s now well established – and well regarded between cane, coffee and blueberries.
Overseeing roughly 1150 acres of bananas, 90,000 tonnes of sugar, 200 head of cattle and - in bananas, but will be keeping a close eye on Over the years he’s also grown other crops including peanuts and potato, but planted his
10,000 avocado trees would certainly keep anyone busy – and he’s got another 12,000 the industry over the next 2-3 years to plan the first bananas in 1995 – and things took off from there.
avocado trees going in next year. next move. “They’re an interesting crop,” he said. “You never stop learning.”
For Mr Collins, also the Australian Banana Growers’ Council’s Deputy Chair, it’s about risk
“We’re currently at a level we’re comfortable The bananas have also contributed to his decisions when it comes to diversifying. While
management – be it storms and cyclones, or the threat of plant disease.
with. We’re just focusing on profit per hectare he’s certainly not afraid of an experiment, generally whatever else he’s gone into has had
“Most of our properties are duel cropping,” Mr Collins explained. “It’s about looking at what to be “sizeable enough to maintain the banana business.”
land’s available and making the right decisions.” – maximum production at minimum cost – the
things we can have an influence over.” “Profits are good when prices are good in bananas, but you don’t want to spread
“It’s also really important to take advice from the right people and have good people on
yourself too thin.”
the ground. They’re your real asset – particularly those who are long-term and build that When it comes down to it, transitioning from one
background.” While bananas get a little quieter in winter, it’s certainly a year round job. Avocados,
crop to another is not an easy thing to do.
When it comes to avocados, Mr Collins travelled as far afield as South Africa to seek on the other hand, run from February to May, while blueberries run from May to
knowledge, and spoke to a range of experts and nurseries closer to home. “It’s costly. And for avocados it could be 7-10 years September – they work in well together.
He believes Lakeland - where he’ll plant the additional 12,000 avocado trees next year - is before you see a return on your investment.” In making decisions about the business, he’s conscious of the threat of Panama TR4 –
likely to be a successful new growing area. “we’re hoping for something miraculous” - and natural disasters. But it isn’t something
For now Mr Serra’s strategy – like many others – he dwells on.
The challenges of juggling various operations come in different forms – his properties are
spread across the Wet and Dry Tropics and the remoteness can make things more difficult. is about diversifying and spreading the risk.
Instead, his reasons for trialing different crops are more about the produce itself –
Mr Collins is always looking for his next opportunity – “You never stop looking,” he said. “For some growers, it may be planting bananas finding things that suit the Far North Queensland growing conditions.
“But you need to know the crop – and know what you can and can’t get away with, especially in another region, or it may be looking to plant “We’re trying papaya at the moment,” he adds. “They’re beautiful eating, but we need to
in a new growing region.” avocados or another crop instead,” he said. get them looking better.”
Bananas, Avocados farmer Andrew Serra
10 AUSTRALIAN BANANAS MAGAZINE | DECEMBER 2018 /abgc | /abgc | abgc.org.au 11
TR4 R&D
THE WAY FORWARD... PANAMA TR4
DEVELOPING A FUTURE TR4 PLAN
All growers nationally are being asked to “Nonetheless, ABGC believes that it is appropriate
R&D PROJECT SUCCESS
In August 2018 the three-year funded BA14012 ‘Coordination of the Banana Industry R&D Panama TR4)’ project was completed. The
have their say on a proposed Five-Year for industry to eventually fund part of the Program. purpose of this project was to coordinate and build knowledge and capacity within the Australian banana industry to manage and
TR4 Control and Containment Strategy, A possible source of funding could be via the contain Panama Tropical Race 4 (TR4) fungal disease and ensure tangible outcomes are delivered to banana growers.
to guide industry’s future response and existing PHA levy. The use of levy funds would only
decide how it will be funded. be appropriate after grower consultation and the The project was delivered by the Australian coordination and development of the industry’s
Sonia Campbell reports development of an agreement whereby industry Banana Growers’ Council and its Research and major R&D investments. This included the
has an element of control over the allocation of its Development (R&D) Manager, Rosie Godwin. Fusarium wilt TR4 Research projects, Improved
It is well recognised that Queensland’s banana funds.”
Why was the project needed? Plant Protection Program, the National Industry
industry has had unprecedented success in
Development and Extension Program, and the
containing Panama Tropical race 4, to the extent When TR4 was confirmed in the NQ production
that is has, since initial detection of the disease in
the state’s far north, in March 2015.
ABGC and area in March 2015 - and the nature of the disease
transition of ‘QBAN’ (the banana industry’s clean
planting material scheme), from Biosecurity
became apparent (that it cannot be eradicated
It’s an achievement attributed to the extensive BQ co-agreement and is easily spread) - it was vital to establish a
Queensland (BQ) across to a third party accredited
scheme in partnership with the Nursery and
biosecurity controls implemented by individual containment management program and investigate
Garden Industry Australia (NGIA). The project was
growers, as well as the broad containment strategy The ABGC is currently working ways to minimise its spread.
also key in the development of the new Banana
executed by the Department of Agriculture and with the Queensland Government This made the role of R&D Manager critical to the Industry Strategic Investment plan 2017-2021,
Fisheries (DAF), led by Biosecurity Queensland (BQ) industry. It was also important that the banana
to develop a Memorandum Of which represents the interests of the entire industry
- and supported by the Australian Banana Growers’
Council (ABGC) and Agri-Science Queensland, in
It includes discussion on the ACIL Allen Review
of the existing TR4 Program, which is now on the
Understanding to deliver a co-led WHAT’S NEXT FOR industry had technical and R&D adoption expertise
to provide advice to the banana industry R&D
and is the blueprint for decision-making in levy
investments.
collaboration with industry.
Government website: www.bit.ly/ACILAllenReview and co-funded TR4 Program into the R&D PROJECT program and to work closely with Hort Innovation.
Significant contributions were also made to the
To date, the Queensland Government has injected as well as a clear mandate moving forward, future. The future of the Banana Industry R&D This project (BA14012) was primarily targeted at the
almost $30 million into the TR4 Program, to which extension of R&D projects (particularly on TR4)
to ensure industry has a solid jointly-led TR4 Coordination project is in safe hands, with banana-growing region of North Queensland where
growers and the ABGC have applauded. However, Containment Strategy. It is hoped the MOU will be signed to growers and other industry stakeholders. For
Dr Rosie Godwin recently signing on to lead TR4 had been confirmed. It also targeted the entire example, the development of a series of On-Farm
industry is also aware that future departmental off on by March 2019 and active from the initiative for another three years. Australian banana industry in TR4 preparedness
“Over the next five years, this disease is expected Biosecurity resources for TR4 infested farms which
funding of the program is not guaranteed. and through the provision of technical and R&D
to spread, but hopefully this will be minimised July 1, 2019. “There is no doubt there are some assist farmers in their TR4 preparedness and, the
“The TR4 Program has been extremely important, in through continued containment efforts,” Mr Lowe challenges facing the industry at the adoption expertise. One of the greatest advantages
development and delivery of the R&D scientific
fact it has been vital to our industry, and for that we said. The MOU will set out funding moment, but we’ve got world class the Australian Banana Industry has over overseas
program at 2017 Banana Industry Congress which
are extremely grateful,” ABGC Chair Stephen Lowe counterparts, is a well-coordinated effort in
“It is important to note that the objective of contribution expectations for each researchers, scientists and innovative included a new session of ‘Science Speed Talks’.
explains. growers who are more than up to the task,” the area of R&D. Fostering good collaborations,
containment is to buy time until there are research party and a way forward together, to avoiding duplication of R&D effort and ensuring The R&D Manager role provided input to the
“Without BQ surveillance and its regulatory Dr Godwin said.
and development options for TR4-infested deliver the TR4 program. levy investments meet the needs of growers, are entire banana R&D program through membership
compliance work for TR4, the disease would spread farms. A main part of that containment strategy is The project (BA17002) was identified the main approaches employed by this project to of project reference groups and the Banana
much quicker. However, there is an urgent need maintaining existing biosecurity protocols.” as imperative due to low banana prices achieve a well coordinated R&D Program. R&D Strategic Investment Advisory Panel (SIAP).
for the Program to continue. There is also a need to over the last three financial years and the
COST SHARING Is the industry on track? Considerable technical advice was provided by
ensure funding is made available for the next five
years of the Program.”
Feedback sought threat of Panama TR4. The project will also
consider challenges including other areas the R&D Manager to the banana industry on key
It is clear – particularly following the ACIL Allen The containment management program in place
pest and disease issues e.g. TR4, clean planting
“Consequently, ABGC has requested the report – that the banana industry is expected ABGC is keen to hear feedback from of biosecurity, fruit quality and improving for Panama TR4, has been successful in slowing
to increase its financial contributions to the TR4 profitability. material, Bunchy Top Virus, Banana Freckle, leaf
Queensland Government, as a matter of urgency, growers nationally on the business the spread of TR4 in the banana industry. It is still
spot, plus chemical usage, reviews and permits.
continue to fund the TR4 Program for the remainder Program over the next five years. Dr Godwin will act as the central point of contained to just three farms in close proximity in
case for the 5-Year TR4 Control and
of 2018/19, as it has for the first two quarters of the “ABGC has advised government that growers contact for industry R&D, while working in the Tully Valley. This has been unheard of in most Does project success rely on strong
financial year.” Containment Program and the future collaboration with Hort Innovation and other other countries where TR4 has quickly reached collaboration?
are already contributing significantly to the TR4
In the meantime, ABGC is seeking input from response. Growers are also paying off two debts, funding of this program. For your relevant parties. epidemic proportions. The achievement of the
The R&D Manager role would not have been
via two different levies, for the Banana Freckle input, or to ask any questions, please containment program is a result of a coordinated
growers on a way forward post 2018/2019, Among the project outcomes are increased successful without effective collaboration and
cost-shared response (EPPR Levy) and the PHA Levy response between multiple parties, effective
including future joint government/industry phone or email ABGC CEO Jim Pekin awareness of banana R&D projects and
extension of knowledge to industry and its working relationships with the diverse stakeholders
investment in the TR4 fight. for the purchase of the first-infested farm at Tully enhanced extension and communication of associated the project. This included listening and
Valley,” Mr Lowe said.
at jim.pekin@abgc.org.au or 07 3278 stakeholders, adoption of new biosecurity practices,
any new developments. talking with growers, federal and state government
The ABGC recently sent all growers a letter with a 4786. A full version of the business all of which are underpinned by relevant high-
link to its business case for a proposed 5-Year TR4 “We also advised that as a result of these debts, “I’m looking forward to continuing to work quality science. departments, researchers, service providers and
Control and Containment Program. The business combined with the cost of individual farm case can be found on the ABGC with growers and industry representatives to industry groups. Gaining an understanding of the
biosecurity expenditure and poor prices over the website at https://abgc.org.au/ get the best outcomes for our industry,” Dr What did the project achieve? needs of each group and the problems they face
model discusses the rationale for both industry and
the State Government to continue to invest in the last three financial years, growers have very little panama-tr4-business-case/ Godwin added. BA14012 achieved many things for the banana was the first step in assisting each group to find
TR4 Program to ensure a healthy and viable future. capacity to contribute further, at this stage,” he said. industry particularly in facilitating the establishment, solutions that met the needs of industry.
12 AUSTRALIAN BANANAS MAGAZINE | DECEMBER 2018 /abgc | /abgc | abgc.org.au 13
RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL TOUR
NEW VARIETY EVALUATION LESSONS FROM THE PHILIPPINES
GOES IN AT SOUTH JOHNSTONE ON TR4 MANAGEMENT
Happy days
Several new varieties shown to be resistant to TR4 overseas are being assessed for agronomic performance in a new trial commenced By Tony Pattison
for banana
recently at South Johnstone Research Facility. Queensland DAF gives an overview of what’s in store. On-farm
growers who
Filipino banana growers differ greatly in how effectively biosecurity
manage the TR4 and
Jeff Daniells, Katie Ferro and Massimo Bianco - DAF Queensland they manage Fusarium Wilt (Panama Disease) of banana. are able to get good
implemented, strictly
enforced and
quality bunches
Trial Objectives In a nutshell, the farms that were most effective in managing the disease into the shed for
monitored.
were typically those with more resources to allocate to the problem. packing.
Theme 1 in the banana plant protection project is These stark contrasts in disease severity between farms became apparent
about importing varieties and evaluating for pest/ during a recent visit to Mindanao as part of an Australian Centre for
disease tolerance and agronomic traits in a range of International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) project focussing on integrated
production environments, with particular emphasis management of Panama Disease.
on Fusarium wilt TR4. As part of this theme a Bunches
Plant
variety trial was planted at South Johnstone on 26 The Philippine banana industry is the second largest hygiene
produced with Successful managed all the
September, where 32 varieties will be evaluated for banana exporting nation and includes large good agronomic
TR4 way through the
agronomic performance over three crop cycles, plus multinational and national farms that supply characteristics from tissue culture process
around 70% of export bananas from partially resistant management until the plants are in
a leaf spot screening in the fourth cycle. This is a cultivars like the ground.
first look at many of these varieties to see how they approximately 80,000 ha, with small-holder banana GCTCV218.
perform under north Queensland conditions. In growers or cooperatives, supplying the remaining 30%.
addition some preliminary postharvest assessments The Philippines banana industry was first affected by Tropical
will be carried out. Race 4 (TR4) in 2005, but since 2013, the disease has spread rapidly.
An estimated 15,000 ha of land is now believed to be infested with TR4
In conjunction with this agronomic evaluation many on Mindanao, the country’s main production area.
of these varieties will be screened against TR4 in All residue of
the NT to determine or confirm resistance. The NT In response to TR4, Philippine growers are now starting to plant infected plants Plants monitored
field planting will commence in December this year. GCTCV218 (Formosana), which is a partially resistant cultivar from destroyed and the for symptoms of
infected area cordoned TR4 and killed early
The varieties are also being evaluated for Race 1 Taiwan. Critically, our visit revealed stark differences in the success of off to reduce further to reduce inoculum
Panama disease and agronomic performance in the GCTCV218 on farms with and without effective biosecurity and inoculum spread of infection. production.
New variety trial established at South Johnstone in September
subtropics at Duranbah, NSW. management.
Overview of varieties Things I learnt about TR4 while in Sad times for growers
• We have included the full suite of Taiwanese selections of Cavendish present in Australia. Also the Philippines who don’t have the resources On-farm
and knowledge of how to manage biosecurity present
included are two selections made in Australia from the older introductions. Tony Pattison, Researcher, DAF TR4 with as much as half of the plants but not implemented,
“Management of disease inoculum is essential to producing bananas in that do produce a bunch not making not enforced or
• The agro-biotechnology company Rahan Meristem imported into Australia four of their elite the requirements for export monitored.
TR4 infected areas, but we still don’t know how to do this effectively”
Cavendish selections – Gal, Jaffa and two selections of Adi. Their main features include reduced markets.
plant stature and large well-structured bunches. These selections are proving popular in various Stewart Lindsay, Researcher, DAF
export production zones around the globe. However, these selections are not claimed to have “Seeing the different performance for the same resistant Cavendish variety
any resistance to TR4. North Queensland producers that have seen them growing overseas on different farms has reinforced for me that any working solution for
have been keen to see them evaluated by DAF for some time. Rahan Meristem own these growers wanting to keep growing Cavendish is more than just changing
varieties and have agreed that results of our evaluations can be made publicly available. the variety” Plant hygiene
Partially
Paul Dennis, Researcher, resistant cultivars present, but not
• Four hybrids from the breeding program of CIRAD in the French West Indies. Overseas these Unsuccessful implemented allowing
University of Queensland like GCTCV218
have shown resistance to leaf disease and race 1 of Panama disease. We are all eager to see unable to produce TR4
infection points, such as
“Gowers need more information about how to leaving banana plantlets on
how they fare against TR4 in the NT trials. bunches due to high
management the ground before planting
reduce pathogen load and avoid it building up in TR4 inoculum.
(note bananas in the
• Two Cavendish selections from the Canary Islands. These selections of Dwarf Cavendish form the first place” background).
the basis of their 400,000 t/yr export industry to mainland Europe. Jim Pekin, CEO ABGC
• A new dwarf Lady Finger selection. “It is essential to keep TR4 fungal levels low in order to profitably grow
any currently available and market acceptable banana variety”
Four leaf disease resistant hybrids from the Stay tuned for the dates of planned field walks in 2019 Leon Collins, Banana Grower, Tully
breeding program of CIRAD in the French West
Indies are included in the trial. and beyond to inspect progress in the trial. “If you are 1000 km away from this disease you are too close” Plant residue
ineffectively Plants not
Irene Kernot, Research Program Manager ACIAR destroyed, monitored for TR4
The Improved Plant Protection for the Banana Industry project with plant residue
“Farmers can’t afford to follow advice not grounded in good science and remaining and regrowth
allowing plants to
(BA16001) is funded by Hort innovation using the banana R&D become heavily infected
that science must provide answers relevant to the whole banana farming from the infected prior to destruction.
levy and contributions from the Australian Government, with
in-kind contributions from Queensland DAF. Hort Innovation is system. In some ways the key thing the industry needs is hope that a plant.
the grower-owned, not-for-profit research and development solution is within reach”
corporation for Australian horticulture.
14 AUSTRALIAN BANANAS MAGAZINE | DECEMBER 2018 /abgc | /abgc | abgc.org.au 15
INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL
TAKING ON TURKEY:
PROMUSA 2018
Australia’s subtropical banana experience was shared with experts from across the world at
ProMusa 2018.
The conference, part of the 30th International Horticultural Congress, was held in Turkey and
featured presentations from Matt Weinert, of the New South Wales Department of Primary
Industries, and Doriana Mangili, from the Sweeter Banana Co-Operative in WA.
The theme of Promusa 2018 was ‘growing and Mr Weinert also presented a keynote address, on from many nations as diverse as Uganda, Ghana,
marketing bananas under subtropical conditions’ behalf of Mr Peasley, looking at banana diversity in Israel, Pakistan, Lebanon, India and Brazil and
– a perfect fit for both Western Australia and the subtropics. finding that many had the same challenges in
Northern New South Wales. getting markets for their product and grower
Growers and researchers expressed interest in a
Mr Weinert presented a paper on a cold tolerance couple of varieties from Australia including FLF and collaboration.”
test that David Peasley (Peasley Horticulture) had Little Gem. ProMusa 2018 also included a field trip to a banana
begun to develop as part of the variety trials at growing region of Alanya on the Mediterranean
“On top of that, there are several varietal evaluation
Duranbah, NSW. coast.
programs around the world, so we’ve started to talk
Mr Peasley had noticed that, when cutting plants with researchers doing similar work to ensure we’ve Mr Weinert described the topography as similar to
during the middle of winter, Cavendish types had got international consistency for this work,” he said. Coffs Harbour – slopes leading down to the ocean
no sap flow. Others, such as Lady Finger and FLF, – but with a climate closer to Carnarvon.
“International researchers in particular were
had quite good flow.
impressed with the varietal evaluation process at “As well as outdoor cultivation, they also grow
“David started counting the number of drops as an Duranbah, from importing new varieties to disease bananas in greenhouses which have quite high
indicator of that, so I presented some preliminary and agronomic testing right through to ripening, yields of 60-80 tonnes per hectare. That’s about
data and talked about the need to find a way to handling and consumer acceptance testing.” double North Queensland and probably 3-4 times
quantify this information,” Mr Weinert said. “Since
Ms Mangili’s presentation focused on the marketing what we achieve in Northern NSW.
the congress I’ve been discussing the work with
success of the Sweeter Banana Co-Operative, and “It’s an expensive way to grow bananas, but in
Brazilian researchers to further develop this simple
sparked a range of questions from participants.
technique to test for cold tolerance in banana Turkey there’s quite high import duties so it’s
cultivars.” “It was a great experience meeting with researchers economically viable.”
Ms Mangili added that it was interesting to look at trials implemented by Biosecurity Queensland, counterparts to trial some of the varieties and
the whole supply chain by visiting farms, packing QDAF and ABGC were held up as the gold standard techniques developed overseas, in sub-tropical
sheds and wholesale markets, and learning about for managing TR4 and varietal evaluation. areas in Australia.”
the local market.
Both Mr Weinert and Ms Mangili felt there were Mr Weinert noted there were some great
“With very little grading and limited cool chain, the some valuable lessons to bring back home too. presenters looking at the stresses bananas
visual quality was similar to the Carnarvon industry undergo, particularly in Pakistan where they grow
“The sub-tropical industry is small in Australia
20 years ago,” she said. in deserts with 50 degree summers and freezing
so much of our research is directed to tropical
“Government subsidies for greenhouses and growing areas where the majority of our bananas winters.
The slopes leading down to the ocean resembled Those involved in ProMusa had the opportunity to import duties support the industry, helping are produced,” Ms Mangili said.
Coffs Harbour, with a Carnarvon climate. check out local produce and packing processes. “They still manage to get good yields through
growers to be profitable. The taste of the local crop manipulation, and the thermal netting being
“It was very exciting to hear all of the incredible
product was very good - good texture with a sweet trialed in Israel produced amazing results too,
research and development that is undertaken in
taste, very similar to our Carnarvon bananas.” significantly reducing cold and frost damage.”
other nations focusing on sub-tropical varieties
She noted that the welcome from local and sub-tropical conditions. ProMusa was held from August 12-16. Matt traveled
government, industry representatives and to ProMusa 2018 with support from Better plant
“Meeting so many passionate scientists working
researchers was ‘incredible.’ protection for the banana industry (BA16001), part of
on sub-tropical bananas has certainly broadened
Congress attendees also took part in a workshop my horizons and I look forward to our Australian Hort Innovation banana fund and industry funds and
on Panama TR4, where biosecurity protocols and researchers working with their international ProMusa.
Australian banana industry representatives Doriana
(L-R) Matt Weinert, Hadi Leghari, of Pakistan, ProMusa delegates take a tour of a banana Mangili (right) and Matt Weinert (middle) were
and Doriana Mangili. growing region in Turkey. Bananas growing in a greenhouse.
among those taking in the banana sights.
16 AUSTRALIAN BANANAS MAGAZINE | DECEMBER 2018 /abgc | /abgc | abgc.org.au 17
RESEARCH RESEARCH
THE BANANA NITROGEN DILEMMA:
BALANCING PRODUCTION AND SOIL HEALTH?
UNRAVELLING THE MYSTERY
OF THE BANANA MICROBIOME
By Hazel Gaza and Tony Pattison is important for proper cell wall formation, which Having a diverse soil microbial community can
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, protects the plants from pathogen penetration. increase the likelihood that there will be more Tony Pattison, Hazel Gaza, Paul Dennis Importantly, in North Queensland we have found
South Johnstone. microorganisms that are antagonistic to Fusarium and Henry Birt that non-disease causing populations of Fusarium
Nematodes are good indicators of changes in soil
spp., resulting in a decrease in Panama disease oxysporum dominate all tissue types of Cavendish
Nitrogen application is an environments due to their abundance and diversity. The microbes in our bodies, and
severity. This was tested using a bioassay to grow and other banana varieties, irrespective of the soil
important component to profitable Under three years of high N, the nematode the discoveries of how important
Race 1 susceptible Ducasse banana plants in the in which the plants are grown. The extent to which
banana production. community decreased in diversity. In addition,
experimental field soils. The results from the these are for our wellbeing, TR4 can compete with locally established Fusarium
the high N treatment caused an increase in the provide us with new insights for
The nitrogen applied to soil is taken up by the bioassay revealed that plants grown in soils that oxysporum strains for space within the plants and
proportion of root-feeding nematodes, a decrease
roots and used to produce chlorophyll in the in microbe-feeding and predatory nematodes. Root had a history of high nitrogen had a higher disease agriculture and banana research. cause disease remains to be determined. It is
leaves, giving them their green colour. The more damage caused by root-feeding nematodes can rating compared to plants grown in low nitrogen. likely though, that this will be strongly influenced
Our bodies host an incredible 30 trillion microbial
chlorophyll in the leaves, the greater the plants reduce banana production, but also increase the However, the effect of three years of low N, resulted cells that help to keep us strong and healthy! To put by the biological health of our soils as this affects
ability to photosynthesise, that is, to use the sun’s plant’s susceptibility to soil-borne pathogen like
Tissue cultured banana plants are planted directly
in a 10% decrease in banana production compared this in perspective, 30 trillion seconds is equivalent the resistance and resilience of banana production into banana field soils to determine the differences
energy to produce sugars and starches. The sugars Fusarium wilt.
with the high N. Bananas require the N for plant to 960 thousand years, the time before modern systems to TR4 and other stresses. soils make to the banana microbiome.
and starches are used in plant growth, with a
response that sees increasing nitrogen application Investigating the soil microbial dynamics further, growth and good production. This means more humans, lower sea levels and when Australia was
connected to Papua New Guinea! By understanding what makes up the banana
increasing plant growth. the high N decreased the soil microbial functional efficient fertiliser practices, such as application
diversity. When soil microbes were provided with microbiome in the various banana tissue,
Nitrogen is also used in the soil by organisms to frequency, forms, and the continual monitoring Like us, banana plants also host trillions of
different carbon sources, such as simple sugars, including the soil, it is possible to find groups of
break down organic matter to release the carbon of leaf nitrogen are required if a balance between microbial cells that contribute to their well-being.
carboxylic acid and amino acid, the microbes in the production and a disease suppressive soil microbial Occasionally, disease-causing microbes can organisms that occupy the same space as Fusarium
that is present. The carbon is used in the growth
soil that had three years of high N application were community is to be developed. infiltrate these communities with devastating and thereby target competitors through better
of the soil organisms. Banana soils tend to be
not as efficient at degrading those food sources consequences for the plant. One such intruder is soil management and strategic addition of the
relatively rich in organic matter, as the crop residue
compared to the soil organism with three years A comprehensive monitoring of the soil organisms into environments where we know they
like leaves and pseudostems are returned to the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race
of low N+E. A similar result occurred when soil environment under different nitrogen management 4 (TR4), which is the fungus that causes Panama
soil, but require nitrogen to decompose it. The will survive.
microbial enzyme activity was compared. It was was mapped (Fig 1), which demonstrates that high
more nitrogen available in the soil the faster the Disease in Cavendish bananas. Dr Paul Dennis (the University of Queensland) and
decomposition rate of soil organic matter, which observed that the soils with three years of high N nitrogen application has a flow on effect to the soil The unravelling of the banana microbiome has Paul DeBrincat (LMB Nerada) sample soils and
always had lower enzyme activity compared to low biological community. It exemplifies that in the long In humans, various diseases have been linked with a long way to go to catch up with human health banana plants to determine their microbiomes
leads to changes in the microbial composition in
N and low N+E. It could be viewed that three years run, managing nitrogen inputs may be beneficial imbalances in the microbial communities on and services, but we can use the advances made in
the soil. *Article compiled by Tony Pattison and Hazel Gaza, from the
of high N had made the soil microbes “lazy”, as they within our bodies. For bananas though, research
for the environment, but for banana growers, it can human health to quickly advance the knowledge Department of Agriculture and Fisheries South Johnstone; and Paul
What happens to soil organisms and banana no longer had to scavenge for nitrogen to access is in its infancy. Initial results indicate that soil type Dennis and Henry Birt, from the School of Earth and Environmental
production when nitrogen applications are increase the plants resilience and the soil’s disease and management tactics used to improve the
carbon in soil organic matter. and farm management practices have big impacts Science, University of Queensland. This project was funded by
manipulated was investigated in a research suppressive characteristics. health of banana plants. Early results indicate that Hort Innovation, using the Hort Innovation banana research and
on the organisms present within the plants. It is development levy, co-investment from Queensland Government and
experiment at the Department of Agriculture and also evident that different microbial species live there are more opportunities to understand the contributions from the Australian Government. Hort Innovation is the
Fisheries, South Johnstone Research Station. Three in different plant tissues (e.g. roots, shoots, and banana microbiome and manipulate it to suppress grower-owned, not-for-profit research and development corporation for
nitrogen management systems based on urea were leaves). Panama disease. Australian horticulture.
tested on non-Cavendish bananas; 350 kg N/ha/
FRUIT RIPENING MADE SAFE & EASY...
yr (High N), 220 kg N/ha/yr (Low N) and 220 kg N/
ha/yr applied as Entec®, a nitrification inhibiting
product to keep the nitrogen in the ammonium
form (Low N+E).
Fertilizer Banana production
After three years and three crop cycles the results
showed that high N resulted in a decrease in
soil pH making it acidic, dropping pH 5.6 to 4.9 pH Nutrients
under the high N, but remaining constant in the
low N treatments. Acidic soils alter the solubility
of nutrients, such as aluminium, which increases
in availability. The available aluminium doubled AUSTRALIA
Dangerous ethylene application systems are a thing of
under the high N. Excessive aluminium in the soil Nematodes Enzymes Carbon use
the past. Our Ethylene Generators and Ethy-Gen® II
can retard root growth and restrict plant’s access Ripening Concentrate quickly produces small, controlled
to water and other nutrients like phosphate and amounts of ethylene, allowing for safe* and easy ripening
calcium. Calcium was, reduced by a third following Fig 1. Impact pathways from the application of nitrogen fertiliser to banana production and disease
suppression through the soil environmental ecosystem. of bananas, avocados, mangoes and other fruits. This project was funded by Hort Innovation, using the Hort Innovation
three years of high N compared to low N. Calcium Call or click for more information banana research and development levy, co-investment from
catalyticgenerators.com.au Queensland Government and contributions from the Australian
*Follow label directions
Government. Hort Innovation is the grower-owned, not-for-profit
This project was funded by Hort Innovation, using the Hort Innovation banana research and development levy, co-investment from Queensland
Government and contributions from the Australian Government. Hort Innovation is the grower-owned, not-for-profit research and development Carrum Downs, VIC • +61 03 9708 2540 research and development corporation for Australian horticulture.
corporation for Australian horticulture.
18 AUSTRALIAN BANANAS MAGAZINE | DECEMBER 2018 /abgc | /abgc | abgc.org.au 19You can also read
