All About Diabetes November 2020
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All About Diabetes
November 2020
© Virgin Pulse 2020. All Rights Reserved.
AGENDA 1. What is diabetes? 2. How common is diabetes? 3. Types of diabetes 4. What is prediabetes? 5. Long-term health effects of diabetes 6. Diabetes symptoms 7. How insulin works 8. Risk factors for diabetes 9. Tests to detect diabetes 10. Lower your risk for type 2 diabetes
WHAT IS DIABETES?
• Diabetes is a disease that occurs when your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is
too high. Blood sugar is your main source of energy and comes from the food you
eat.
• Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps glucose from food get into your cells
to be used for energy. Sometimes your body doesn’t make enough – or any – insulin
or doesn’t use insulin well. Glucose then stays in your blood and doesn’t reach your
cells.
• Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause serious health
problems.
HOW COMMON IS DIABETES? • 34.2 million people in the U.S. have diabetes, or 10.5% of the population (Centers for Disease Control). • 7.3 million people (21.4%) of people with diabetes are undiagnosed.
THREE TYPES OF DIABETES Type 1: Type 2: Gestational Diabetes: Develops when the cells in the Develops when the body’s cells High blood sugar during pregnancy pancreas that produce insulin are aren’t able to respond to insulin as that develops in the 2nd or 3rd destroyed, and the body is unable well as they should (insulin trimester of pregnancy and can be to make insulin. People with type 1 resistance). It’s the most common passed on to the child (about 4%). diabetes need to take insulin every form of diabetes (90% - 95% of all day to stay alive (5-10% of all cases). cases).
WHAT IS PREDIABETES?
A condition where blood
sugar levels are higher
than normal, but not yet
8 OUT OF 10
AMERICANS WITH
high enough to be
PREDIABETES DO NOT diagnosed with type 2
KNOW THEY HAVE IT
diabetes.
Could it be you?
U.S. ADULTS WITH PREDIABETES
1 3 Out
Of
Without taking
action, many
people with
prediabetes could
develop type 2
diabetes within
5 years
• Heart disease
• Stroke
LONG-TERM
• Kidney disease
• Eye problems
HEALTH
• Dental disease
EFFECTS OF
• Nerve damage
DIABETES
• Foot problems
DIABETES SYMPTOMS
• Increased thirst and urination • Numbness or tingling in feet or
• Increased hunger hands
• Fatigue • Sores that do not heal
• Blurry vision • Unexplained weight loss
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can start quickly, in a matter of
weeks. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly, over
the course of several years. Symptoms can be so mild they go
unnoticed. Some people have no symptoms until they have
diabetes-related health problems such as heart disease.
HOW INSULIN WORKS • After digestion, sugars are absorbed into the blood stream. In response to this increase in blood sugar level, the pancreas secretes insulin, which binds with cells in the body and allows them to absorb and use the sugar properly. • People with type 1 diabetes need to get insulin into their bodies themselves, either through injections or insulin pumps. • People with type 2 diabetes can often control their diabetes with diet and exercise in addition to oral medication and insulin.
RISK FACTORS FOR DIABETES
TYPE 1 DIABETES TYPE 2 DIABETES
• Family history (having a parent or • Obesity
sibling with type 1 diabetes) • Physical inactivity
• Age (more likely as child, teen or • Smoking
young adult) • Unhealthy diet
• It is unclear if there are any lifestyle • Have a parent or sibling with type 2
diabetes
related risk factors for type 1
diabetes
Obesity is the single greatest risk factor for type 2 diabetes
© Virgin Pulse 2020. All Rights Reserved.DO YOU KNOW YOUR DIABETES RISK?
TESTS TO DETECT DIABETES Fasting blood glucose test • Under 100 mg /dL - Normal • 100 to 125 mg / dL - Prediabetes • 126 mg/dL or higher on two separate tests - Diabetes HgA1C • Average blood sugar level for the past 2-3 months • A1C 5.7% to 6.4% is considered prediabetes • A1C over 7% shows poor blood sugar control and high risk for complications Oral glucose tolerance test • Blood is drawn 3 times: before, one hour after, and two hours after drinking a dose of glucose.
LOWER YOUR RISK FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES
LIFESTYLE CHANGES TO DELAY OR PREVENT TYPE 2 DIABETES
• Control your weight – even losing 5-7 percent of your starting weight can
make a difference
• Get moving – get at least 30 minutes of physical activity 5 days a week
• Tune up your diet – watch portions, reduce unhealthy fats (trans and
saturated), eat less sugar and processed foods and more protein, whole
grains, fruits, vegetables and healthy fats
• Don’t smoke – it can add to insulin resistance
© Virgin Pulse 2020. All Rights Reserved.STUDY ON HEALTHY LIFESTYLE Diabetes Prevention Program Results
AND REDUCED TYPE DIABETES
Treatment Risk of diabetes Comments
Participants were assigned to one of three groups: group reduced by:
1. Group 1 received intensive training on a healthy
Group 1: Lifestyle 58% for entire Half of the lifestyle
diet (low-fat and low-calorie, moderately intense (healthy diet and group groups lost 7% or
physical activity (brisk walking) for 150 minutes a moderately 71% for those age more of their
intense physical 60 and older weight within 6
week, and behavior modification. They aimed to activity) months
lose 7% of their weight. Group 2 31% (overall, Metformin was
Metformin (oral about half as most effective in
2. Group 2 took 850 milligrams (mg) of an oral drug for diabetes, effective as the people age 25 to
850 mg twice a lifestyle group 44 years and in
diabetes drug called metformin (Glucophage) day) results) those at least 60
twice a day. pounds
overweight. It was
almost ineffective
3. Group 3 took inactive pills (placebos) instead of a in people 60 years
drug. and older or those
who were less
overweight.PICTURE YOUR LIFE IMPROVED WHEN YOUR MIND, BODY AND SPIRIT WORK AT THEIR BEST • A healthy body weight • Eating foods that nourish your body • A strong heart and organs that function well • Being productive and able to handle day-to-day activities • Improved quality of life • Peace of mind in knowing your body is much healthier • Less stress
PICTURE YOUR LIFE IMPROVED
TAKE ACTION Get Screened for Diabetes
| DISEASE PREVENTION
Do you know if you're at risk of
developing type 2 diabetes?
• Take the one-minute quiz to see if you're eligible
• CDC-recognized diabetes prevention program
offered entirely online
• Receive a 12-month healthy lifestyle education as
well as a digital scale & activity tracker (taxable)
to help you monitor your progress
• Personal dedicated health coach for a whole
yearHOW TO SCHEDULE COACHING
1 Click Health 2 Choose from topics 3 Pick Date / Time 4 Confirm appointment
Then Coaching Input Phone numberRESOURCES • American Diabetes Association. American Diabetes Association Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2016. Diabetes Care. 2016; 39 (Suppl. 1); S13-S22. • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Awareness of prediabetes in United States, 2005 – 2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2013; 62(11): 209-212. • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Statistics Report: Estimates of Diabetes and Its Burden in the United States, 2014. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services; 2014. • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes Report Card 2014. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services; 2015. • Collazo-Clavell, Maria. M.D., Mayo Clinic on Managing Diabetes. (2006). 2nd Edition. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. • Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group, “Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin,” The New England Journal of Medicine, Feb. 7, 2002 • Diabetes symptoms. American Diabetes Association website. http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/symptoms/ Accessed June 15, 2016. • Statistics about diabetes. American Diabetes Association website. http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes- basics/statistics/?referrer=https://www.google.com/ Accessed June 15, 2016.
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