Advances in Observational Methodology (I) - Esdeveniments ...
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9th European Congress of Methodology (EAM2020-2021)
Valencia, July 21-23, 2021
Pre-Congress Workshops (July 19-20, 2021)
Advances in Observational Methodology (I)
CHAIR(S): Gudberg K. Jonsson1 and M. Teresa Anguera2
1 Human Behaviour Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland,
Reykjavik, Iceland
2 Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona,
Barcelona, Spain
Email: gjonsson@hi.is
State of the art Observational methodology is characterized by the objective study of
spontaneous behaviour in natural settings, with no external influence. It as a scientific
method used in a wide spectrum of research and professional investigations. Systematic
observation has not only been consolidated during the last decades, but the scope of
application has been considerably expanded, revealing itself as flexible, useful, and of
great rigor, characteristics that constitute its fundamental virtues.
Contributions In this Symposium five papers are presented, which refer to several
fields (workers’ behaviour of manual material handling, autist children, and sport), and
methodologically a special emphasis is made on: (1) combination of systematic self-
observation and hetero-observation, (2) mixed methods approach to analise the
interference control of users during and after an educational intervention, (3) bivariate
analysis, (4) generalizability theory in order to control the quality of data, (5) obtain T-
Patterns, as regular structures of behaviour, (5) lag sequential analysis in order to detect
patterns of behaviour, and (6) polar coordinate analysis, as a map of interrelations
between behaviours.
Research / practical implications In this 9th European Congress of Methodology we
are interested in highlighting that we are situated within the framework of mixed
methods, which are currently in a phase of incessant growth throughout the world, and
we emphasize that observational methodology, according to the profile that
characterizes it, can be considered as mixed method itself. This consideration opens up a
relevant space, which allows an intensification of interest in quantitizing within the
observational methodology, deriving a wide spectrum of practical implications in many
substantive areas.
Simplified acknowledgements
[PGC2018-098742-B-C31] (2019-2021), supported by MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE
Keywords: Direct observation, Categorical data, Coding, Observational instruments,
Mixed Methods9th European Congress of Methodology (EAM2020-2021)
Valencia, July 21-23, 2021
Pre-Congress Workshops (July 19-20, 2021)
TITLE: SsObserWork intervention: methodological complementarity to assess
manual material handling training in the work context
Authors: Anna M. Señé-Mir1, Mariona Portell2, M. Teresa Anguera3, Salvador Chacón-
Moscoso4,5, Albert Prat6
1
Universitat de Vic- Universitat Central de Catalunya
2
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
3
Universitat de Barcelona
4
Universidad de Sevilla
5
Universidad Autónoma de Chile
6
Superior Technician in Occupational Risk Prevention
Purpose: This paper focuses on presenting a new multicomponent training program
based on the observational methodology, called SsObserWork, aimed at educating and
improving workers’ behaviour of manual material handling.
Method: The SsObserWork intervention combines systematic self-observation and
hetero-observation. Self-observation is a component addressed towards increasing
workers’ competence in identifying their risk-related behaviour and encouraging
healthy posture. Hetero-observation has a dual function: (1) to assess changes in
behaviour, and (2) to produce the basis for creating feedback and feedforward that
workers will receive on their own postural behaviour.
A methodological complementarity perspective was adopted to design and assess the
intervention, combining elements of the experimental design and the observational
methodology. The observational methodology acquires an essential role in the present
study and is key for the justification and construction of the instruments linked to self-
observation, for behavioural assessment and for planning the data collection. According
to observational designs, an intensive, nomothetic and multidimensional follow-up
design was adopted. The assessment of the components’ effect linked to self-
observation on the behaviour of the workers was based on an experimental design with
pre-test and follow-up.
Results: Sixty-one blue-collar workers from a food processing company in Catalonia
(Spain) were randomized into intervention (N=31) and control (N=30) groups. Both
groups were observed according to the mentioned observational design. The training
consisted of two sessions with three weeks of follow-up between sessions. The MMH-
SsObserWork tool was used to assess the workers’ behaviour. Lince software was used
as the recording tool. ThemeTM was used to detect the temporal structure of the
workers’ behaviour patterns.9th European Congress of Methodology (EAM2020-2021)
Valencia, July 21-23, 2021
Pre-Congress Workshops (July 19-20, 2021)
Conclusions: Results suggest that data derived from the observational design has
allowed us to contribute a greater wealth in the characterization of the change in the
workers’ behaviour. This leads us to defend methodological complementarity as the
most appropriate approach for the assessment of interventions in the work context.
Keywords: Performance assessment, observational designs, manual material handling,
training, methodological complementarity.9th European Congress of Methodology (EAM2020-2021)
Valencia, July 21-23, 2021
Pre-Congress Workshops (July 19-20, 2021)
TITLE: Interference control in autism: educational assessment
Authors: Marian Acero-Ferrero1, Elena Escolano-Pérez1, María Luisa Herrero-Nivela1, M.
Teresa Anguera2
1
University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
2
University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Purpose: There is strong evidence that individuals with autism spectrum disorders
(ASD) have interference control deficits, causing serious difficulties in their daily
functioning. Interference control is considered the ability to ignore irrelevant
information and it is directly related to school performance being necessary in everyday
situations, where distractors are a constant. The exclusive use of traditional behavioural
tasks these types of tasks have been increasingly questioned for their scarce ecological
validity which cannot explain the complexity of the natural context. In this line, studies
have shown the suitability of mixed methods to assess in a natural context the changes
that children with autism show during interventions. Observational methodology
(allowing the capture of spontaneous behaviours in the natural environment) is a mixed-
method since it integrates qualitative and quantitative elements in QUAL-QUAN-
QUAL macro stages. The aim of this study was to implement a mixed-methods
approach to analise the interference control of 8 autism children during and after an
educational intervention.
Method/Design: A nomothetic, follow-up and multidimensional observational design
was used. In the analysis, data were grouped according to the severity of their
symptoms: group 1 (requires support) and group 2 (requires substantial support). A
polar coordinate analysis was applied choosing as focal behaviour the categories related
to inhibition.
Results: Results obtained had allowed to determine the most effective intervention
strategies to improve inhibition in ASD.
Conclusions: Natural context of interaction allows to capture the real deficits in
cognitive functioning of the children with autism and their needs, as well as the most
effective intervention strategies for its improvement, providing an ecologically valid
measures of interference control in autism.
Keywords: Mixed methods, observational designs, educational assessment, interference
control, autism.9th European Congress of Methodology (EAM2020-2021)
Valencia, July 21-23, 2021
Pre-Congress Workshops (July 19-20, 2021)
TITLE: Technical analysis of high-performance women's soccer goals. An
observational study
Authors: Rubén Maneiro1, José Luís Losada2, Claudio A. Casal3, Antonio Ardá4
1
Pontifical University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
2
University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
3
Catholic University of Valencia, San VicenteMártir, Valencia, Spain
4
University of A Aoruña, A Coruña, Spain
Purpose: Women's football is experiencing significant growth in recent years. The
number of federative files and interest in this sport is growing exponentially. In contrast,
the scientific literature focused on women's football is still scarce. The available studies
allow us to verify that a very important percentage of the works are relatively recent,
from 20 years ago to this part. Although the existence of studies prior to this date is
corroborated, they have mainly attended to a small plot of the game, such as the
physical benefits of the players, or the physiological aspects. However, an analysis of
the performance of the players taking as a reference only the physical and physiological
parameters does not provide all the information necessary to understand the dynamics
of the game. Due to the particularities of a sport such as soccer (collective sport,
collaboration-opposition, shared space and simultaneous participation), it makes this an
eminently tactical Sport. The objective of this study is to analise the goals scored in the
last two FIFA Women's World Cup, held in Canada 2015 and France 2019.
Method: Using the observational methodology, the goals scored in the 104 matches
held in both competitions have been analysed.
Results: Through different descriptive and bivariate analysis, it has been possible to
describe how goals are achieved in these championships, as well as to find statistically
significant criteria associated with success.
Conclusions: These results can help teams to improve their performance in front of the
goal, and also allows to know what mechanisms the teams carry out to achieve these
results.
Keywords: soccer female, football female, high performance, observational designs,
direct observation.9th European Congress of Methodology (EAM2020-2021)
Valencia, July 21-23, 2021
Pre-Congress Workshops (July 19-20, 2021)
TITLE: Observation system of an intervention proposal for the development of
computational thinking in Early Childhood Education by means of a ground robot
with programmed directionality controls
Authors: Daniel Lapresa1, Marta Terroba1, Juan Miguel Ribera1, M. Teresa Anguera2
1 University of La Rioja, Spain
2 University of Barcelona, Spain
Purpose: With the use of the observational methodology, an observation system has
been designed that allows the analysis and interpretation of the behaviour displayed in
the performance of an intervention proposal that seeks to develop computational
thinking in Early Childhood Education, by means of a ground robot with controls of
programmed directionality.
Method and results: Regarding the quality of the data, evidence is provided for the: a)
reliability of the observation system designed in the form of inter-observer concordance,
calculated through Cohen's Kappa coefficient; b) reliability of precision of
generalization of the results, within the generalizability theory.
Conclusions: The operation of the observation system is demonstrated by: a) the
records corresponding to each data package that allow the representation of the child's
behaviour and their interaction with the teacher in a linear -temporal- and schematic
way; b) the regular structures of behaviour (T-patterns) detected by means of the
THEME software; c) a lag sequential analysis using GSEQ software; and d) an analysis
of polar coordinates by means of the HOISAN software.
Keywords: Program evaluation; observational designs; categorical analyses.9th European Congress of Methodology (EAM2020-2021)
Valencia, July 21-23, 2021
Pre-Congress Workshops (July 19-20, 2021)
TITLE: Application of Mixed Methods in Basketball: Behaviour and analysis of
pick and roll in a Spanish ACB League team
Authors: Hermilo Nunes1, Xavier Iglesias1, and M. Teresa Anguera3
1
National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona,
Barcelona, Spain
2
Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona,
Spain
Purpose: The goal of this study is to analyse pick and roll actions and their
effectiveness for a basketball team in the ACB league (1st division Spain).
Method: For the study we proposed a multidimensional, punctual and nomothetic
observational design. The observational instrument ad hoc (VTP&R) was designed by
Nunes (2020) and validated by a panel of twenty senior experts. The images were
encoded and recorded through Dartfish TeamPro v.4.5 software. The data analysis was
carried out using lag sequential analysis, quantitative descriptive statistics, and a polar
coordinate analysis, which completed the descriptive statistic of the study.
Results and Conclusions: The ability to determine which actions are to be performed
at any given moment of the game and how to execute and establish tactical response
patterns depending on the various factors involved in the game, proves the usefulness of
the results obtained here and clearly illustrates the importance of incorporating different
analytical techniques of observational methodology to the analytical processes of
basketball.
Keywords: Basketball; pick and roll; observational instruments; polar coordinate
analysis; direct observationYou can also read
