Addressing the COVID-19 pandemic - Main report Lessons and good practices from Indian states: Round 4
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Main report Addressing the COVID-19 pandemic Lessons and good practices from Indian states: Round 4 July, 2020
This report is divided into the following five parts:
Dummy Text 1 Background and approach
Size-14 Bold)
2 Key observations and recommendations based on the COVID-19
Readiness and Response assessment
3 Lessons and good practices from Indian states
Insights from MSC’s evaluation of the Indian government’s response to COVID-19
4 and states analysis based on the COVID-19 Readiness and Response framework
5 Use of emerging technologies in COVID-19 management
2 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.
Background and approach
Background and context of the study
Context and key objectives
MSC is conducting a comprehensive assessment to understand the preparedness and responsiveness of Indian states to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The study assesses the response of states and the on-ground impact of social assistance programs and other measures taken to address the
COVID-19 crisis.
The study highlights good practices adopted by the states to create a cross-learning platform. This will enable the states to learn from each
other.
Approach
MSC adopted the multi-phase approach discussed below to attain the key objectives of the study:
Phase 1 (April, 2020–June, 2020): In this phase, MSC produced three reports on the assessment of states using the COVID-19 Readiness and
Response Index. The assessment was based on the announcements of the central and state governments to manage the COVID crisis.
Phase 2 (May, 2020–July, 2020): This phase includes a validation of the response of the states to the pandemic. This is done by gathering on-
We are at ground evidence through telephonic surveys on the impact of different social assistance programs and other measures of the central and
this stage state governments. It also incorporates other elements such as economic recovery once the lockdown is lifted. This is the fourth report and
includes 17 States and 1 Union Territory.
Phase 3 (August, 2020-March, 2021): This phase would include mixed-method research to gather on-ground evidence of the impact of
different social assistance programs of the central and state governments.
Key components
Integration of on-ground
Continuous evolution of A dashboard to track the A cross-learning platform
evidence with state
the COVID-19 Readiness performance of states to share good practices
performance, dashboard,
and Response Index and and visualize key among states to address
and the cross-learning
state assessments indicators the COVID-19 pandemic
platform
4 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.A comprehensive assessment has been conducted to understand the preparedness and
responsiveness of Indian states to address the COVID-19 pandemic based on four key pillars
Robustness of the essentials chain Assistance to the poor and vulnerable
Assesses factors such as ease of access to Assesses the in-kind and cash support
essential services (utilities, financial provided to the poor, women, vulnerable
services) and essential items (grocery, and disadvantaged groups, and migrant
fruits & vegetables, and dairy) workers
Assessment
framework
Economic recovery Health readiness
Assesses initiatives by the states to boost Assesses the availability of healthcare
their local economies, such as fiscal infrastructure, testing coverage, COVID-
stimulus, reforms, employment support, 19 management, and government
and targeted outreach initiatives to curb the transmission of
COVID-19
Note : Please refer to the appendix for details on the sub-pillars within each pillar
5 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Key observations and recommendations based on the COVID-19 Readiness and Response framework
Key observations
Most states continue their efforts to balance economic recovery with health readiness and provide support to the
vulnerable. However, the states are yet to initiate power sector and ULB reforms to avail enhanced borrowing limits
A majority of the states took concrete steps towards economic recovery. They provided or facilitated subsidized loans to
01 MSMEs, implemented reforms towards “ease of doing business”, allowed farmers to sell crops to private players, and
provided employment to migrant workers through MGNREGA.
Though the states continue to provide cash-transfers to the needy, these transfers have become more targeted at
02 specific occupational groups affected by the lockdown. Cash assistance has been extended to auto-rickshaw and taxi
drivers, barbers, washermen, cinema workers, street vendors, construction workers, etc.
More than a month after the announcement of the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY), only 41% of the
03 beneficiaries were aware of the benefits under this package. Among PDS beneficiaries, 68% of households claimed to have
received free ration under PMGKY during the lockdown.
Many states have started or are already conducting door-to-door screening to identify at-risk patients and check for
04 community transmission. States have also taken proactive initiatives to promote the use of Ayurvedic and home-based
remedies to boost the immunity of front-line workers and the general population.
7 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Key recommendations
The central and state governments can jointly implement the suggestions provided below.
Transition to a smart DBT architecture Outreach and training of village officials
1 Awareness and communication appear to one of the biggest 4 Continuous engagement and training of gram panchayats
challenges in DBT. The priority should be an integrated smart and community leaders could be effective to safeguard
DBT architecture to create transparency across the fund flow rural India. The training can include ways and approaches
process that includes ministries, PFMS, banks, and end-point to curb the spread of COVID-19 and the generation of
channels. This should be coupled with a grievance resolution awareness of various government programs and their
mechanism that allows beneficiaries to check their status for benefits. The National Institute of Rural Development could
free through multiple channels including the web, mobiles, a be engaged for this task.
helpline, * 99#, or USSD.
2 Integrate the state’s apps with Aarogya Setu 5 Recognize the role of ASHA and ANM workers
Mobile apps of different states could be hosted within the Given their crucial role in health systems and reduced
Aarogya Setu app. The latest trends in mobile app income during this period, a cash transfer program,
deployment such as micro-services and decentralized similar to the one implemented in Karnataka, could be
bundling can be harnessed to address the impending rolled out for ASHAs and ANMs. This could also boost their
issues such as duplicity of efforts, data privacy, and morale and public recognition and ensure the cadre built
confusion among users. over the past so many years does not disintegrate.
3 Offer refurbished plants to foreign firms 6 Pay special attention to divyang or the disabled
Recognizing the difficulty of foreign manufacturing firms to A dedicated helpline and initiative to manufacture and
shift to India, the states could offer immediate access to distribute transparent masks, like in Tamil Nadu, could be
land and refurbished plants. Customized incentives can also launched at the national level. The local authorities
be offered to facilitate a smooth transition. This is could also be sensitized to help disabled people access
currently being planned in Uttar Pradesh. essential items and services.
8 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Lessons and good practices from Indian states based on the COVID- 19 Readiness and Response framework
Robustness of the essentials chain: Key lessons and good practices from states
Combining safety Tariff rebates for Innovative home Financial services
and accessibility weaker sections delivery models in remote areas
Gujarat, Kerala Punjab, Gujarat Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar Uttar Pradesh, Odisha
The use of digital payments is The Punjab State Electricity The women self-help groups (SHGs) India Post partnered with local
mandatory for all home Regulatory Commission has under “Mission Shakti” in Odisha administrations in Uttar Pradesh
deliveries in Ahmedabad. The reduced the tariff for domestic operated dry ration and vegetable to organize camps to disburse
Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation consumers with loads of up to 50 shops and mobile vans to provide cash through the Aadhaar-enabled
sensitized the shop owners who KW. The tariff is slashed by 50 essential items to lakhs of payment system (AePS) in remote
sell essential items to use digital paise/unit for the consumption of households affected by the areas in 20 districts.
payment platforms such as up to 100 units and by 25 lockdown.
Uniifed Payments Interface (UPI). paise/unit for consumption The district administration of
between 101 to 300 units. The The Government of Andhra Pradesh Kendrapada (Odisha) facilitated
The Kerala State Electricity tariff rebate will be applicable has partnered with e-commerce the roll-out of dedicated mobile
Board (KSEB) has created a from 1st June, 2020 to 31st March, players Zomato and Swiggy for ATM operated by the HDFC Bank to
consumer-number-based 2021. home delivery of fruits and provide cash withdrawal services
timetable to avoid over- vegetables from the Rythu in rural parts of the district.
crowding while making payments As part of the Gujarat Bazaars. This initiative also helps
at the KSEB counters. Atmanirbhar package, the state farmers sell their produce in a Many states launched similar
government has announced rebate timely manner. mobile ATM initiatives in
on the first 100 units for coordination with the local
domestic electricity consumers The Fishery Directorate of the administration.
who use less than 200 units per Government of Bihar has launched
month. a mobile app for home delivery of
fish within the state.
10 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Assistance to the poor and vulnerable: Key lessons and good practices from states (1/2)
Easy access to ration Targeted cash Easy movement of Proactive support
for the excluded transfers migrant workers to women
HR, UP, Rajasthan, Kerala AP, Karnataka, TN, Assam Uttar Pradesh, AP TN, Telangana, J&K
Haryana launched a “distress Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka Uttar Pradesh appointed nodal Tamil Nadu and Telangana
ration token” facility to provide are providing cash assistance of officers to proactively allocated dedicated vehicles and
ration to poor households that do INR 10,000 and 5,000, coordinate with multiple states ambulances for the transportation
not have ration cards. These respectively, to barbers, and register migrants entering of pregnant women. ASHA and
tokens can be issued by the local washermen, and auto and taxi and leaving the state at the “Jan ANM workers in Telangana are
committees during household drivers. Sunvayi” portal for better keeping a track of expectant
surveys or through a call on the allocation and distribution of mothers and their delivery dates.
helpline. The Government of Tamil Nadu tickets.
extended relief assistance of INR The UT of Jammu and Kashmir has
Uttar Pradesh has been proactive 1000-2000 to hairdressers, Many states, including Haryana a 24X7 helpline to provide end-
in issuing ration cards to migrant weavers, platform vendors, cine- and Rajasthan, launched similar to-end assistance to pregnant
workers. Rajasthan is also workers, and ration-card holders portals and helplines to enable the women.
proactive in providing ration to during the lockdown. movement of migrant workers.
migrant workers. Many states have launched a
Assam has made a one-time Andhra Pradesh set-up food dedicated helplines to curb
Kerala has started a facility of “e- payment of INR 25,000 to counters at every 50 km on domestic violence.
ration cards” that can be issued residents who are suffering from highways to provide food and
by Akshaya centers (CSCs). critical diseases and are water to migrants.
stranded in other states.
11 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Assistance to the poor and vulnerable: Key lessons and good practices from states (2/2)
Caring for the elderly Helping hand to Being sensitive to Recognizing the
& chronic patients disabled & destitute children’s needs transgender
Kerala, Rajasthan, Telangana Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh Delhi, Tamil Nadu, Odisha J&K, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
Under Kerala’s “Prasanthi” The state of Tamil Nadu is The Department of Women and Jammu and Kashmir included
program, the elderly who live distributing transparent face Child Development, the transgenders in the Integrated
alone can call and request for masks for people with hearing Government of Delhi provided Social Security Scheme. This will
essential medicines, food, impairments. It is planned that milk packets, nutritious biscuits, help resolve around 2,000 pending
treatment, and counseling. nearly 81,000 masks will be and food supplements to pension cases of transgenders
distributed to 13,500 people with children. within the state.
Rajasthan has extended the impaired hearing and speech
availability of prescription-based difficulty as well as their parents, The Government of Tamil Nadu The Tamil Nadu government is
medicines to senior citizens and family members, caregivers, etc. distributed rehabilitation kits and providing essential commodities to
chronic patients until July 31, special nutrition kits to children transgender citizens who do not
2020. Uttar Pradesh is providing cash with autism who are attending possess the family card (needed to
assistance of INR 1000 to the early intervention services. The get ration).
Telangana has added 17 more destitute and arranging for their kits would help parents manage
palliative health and home care treatment. these children at home. The Karnataka government, under
vehicles to provide door-step the Mythri Yojana, provides cash
services to immobile patients in Odisha’s “Bharosa” helpline helps assistance of INR 600 per month
16 more districts. students cope with stress amid to trans women above the age of
COVID-19. 25.
12 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Health readiness: Key lessons and good practices from states (1/2)
Pool and mobile Expansion of random Door-to-door Strong focus on
testing testing & fever clinics screening contact tracing
UP, Punjab, TN, Delhi Kerala, Bihar, MP Karnataka, Assam, Others Karnataka, Kerala
Uttar Pradesh was the first state The Kerala government has started Karnataka conducted a statewide Karnataka has trained more than
to start pool testing. It has also sentinel surveillance or random door-to-door survey to check for 10,000 field staff to conduct
extended its testing coverage testing to detect community community transmission. This comprehensive contact tracing.
through the installation of transmission. Samples are collected helped identify households with The state has widened the
TrueNAT* machines in every from high-risk groups, such as high-risk individuals, such as the definition of “contact” to include
district. healthcare professionals and other elderly, people with co- high-risk and low-risk contacts of
individuals with high social exposure morbidities, pregnant women, and patients with COVID-19. Karnataka
Many other states, such as Kerala, which include delivery persons and lactating mothers. also has a contact tracing mobile
Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, police officers, etc. app and web application that
Assam, and Karnataka, among Assam conducted a door-to-door supports on-ground contact tracing.
others, have also started pool Bihar conducted random testing on surveillance exercise to check for
testing. migrant workers who returned to community transmission and Kerala has adopted a
the state to check the extent of identify cases of fever, influenza, comprehensive contact tracing
Punjab and Tamil Nadu have COVID-19 transmission. and respiratory infections in the strategy based on flow charts, in-
launched mobile testing labs to community. depth interviews, and effective
collect swab samples from rural Madhya Pradesh runs fever clinics in outreach through the field teams.
and remote areas. every district to conduct community Other states, such as Punjab, Delhi, The state uses both the Aarogya
screening and identify people with Rajasthan, and Odisha have also Setu app and its mobile application
Delhi has deployed mobile the symptoms of COVID-19. initiated door-to-door screening to for contact tracing.
testing vans to collect samples Karnataka and Maharashtra are also check for community transmission.
in Central Delhi district. running fever clinics.
* TrueNAT systems are originally used for TB testing. After successful validation, ICMR has allowed its usage for screening and confirmation of COVID-19 cases.
13 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Health readiness: Key lessons and good practices from states (2/2)
Creativity in public Engaging panchayats Boosting the Other notable
awareness and local committees immunity interventions
Maharashtra, WB, J&K UP, Telangana, AP, Karnataka Rajasthan, UP, Punjab, TN Multiple states
An innovative community The Uttar Pradesh government Rajasthan distributed a decoction The Karnataka government
awareness program is underway created local surveillance of ashwagandha and giloy to about announced a cash assistance of INR
in Maharashtra. Under this committees in all villages and 20 lakh (2 million) citizens to boost 3,000 to all ASHA workers.
program, pre-recorded cities for community surveillance their immunity.
announcements are made and monitoring of home Tamil Nadu created human milk
through auto-rickshaws and quarantine of migrant workers. Uttar Pradesh launched a mobile banks to help infants separated
tempos. Artists have recorded The committee comprises app called “Ayush Kavach” to from their mothers who tested
songs in local languages to make panchayat officials, ASHA workers, spread awareness on enhancing positive for COVID-19. This will
the announcements more and ward councilors, among immunity through homemade help improve nutrition in the first
effective. others. products. The app also facilitates few weeks of the infants’ birth.
live yoga sessions.
The local district administrations The state governments of Many states, such as Kerala, West
of West Bengal use folk songs Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and The Punjab government distributed Bengal, Jammu and Kashmir,
and street plays to increase the Karnataka partnered with the Ayurveda medicines to boost the Madhya Pradesh, and Bihar offer
awareness of COVID-19. National Institute of Rural immunity of frontline workers. counseling and psychological help
Development and UNICEF to train through helplines.
Jammu and Kashmir launched a rural community leaders on The Tamil Nadu government also
tele session program called controlling the spread of COVID- distributed a herbal concoction
Sukoon on YouTube to spread 19 in villages. called “Kabasura Kudineer” to
information on COVID-19 and families located in containment
help people handle stress. zones.
14 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Economic recovery: Key lessons and good practices from states (1/3)
Comprehensive Attracting foreign Enacting the Doing Integrated services
packages for MSMEs investments Business reforms for the industry
Kerala, Andhra Pradesh TN, Maharashtra, UP
MP, UP, Punjab, Karnataka, Haryana, UP, Kerala
The Government of Kerala Tamil Nadu signed MoUs with 17
launched a special package worth foreign companies with The Madhya Pradesh government The Haryana government launched
an INR 3,434 crore (INR 34.34 investments worth INR 15,128 decided to issue registrations or a Haryana Udhyam Memorandum
billion) for MSMEs. The package, crore (INR 151.28 billion) to licenses under different labor laws Portal (HUM) to provide unique
called “Vyasasaya Bhadratha,” manufacture heavy vehicles, in a single day through an online identification (UID) to all
covers interest subvention on electronics, footwear, energy, system. A provision to maintain a enterprises and grant all
term loans and working capital medical equipment, etc. single register under the labor permissions and services in an
loans, waiver of rental and facility laws and self-certification for filing integrated manner.
charges, etc. Maharashtra signed MoUs with 12 returns has been proposed.
Indian and foreign firms with The Government of Uttar Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh came up with an investments worth INR 16,000 Uttar Pradesh set up a nodal agency integrated the services of the
INR 1,110 crore (INR 11.10 crore (INR 160 billion) in IT and called “Invest UP” to clear all State Industrial Development
billion) “ReSTART” policy to IT-enabled services, automobiles, investment proposals in 15 days. Authority with the “Nivesh Mitra”
provide support to MSMEs. The oil and gas, chemicals, and FMCG portal. This would enable
policy includes the release of sectors. The Punjab government decided to additional one-stop accessibility of
pending incentives, waiver of fixed grant Consent to Establish (CTE) or services to all entrepreneurs.
demand charges, and working Uttar Pradesh proactively Consent to Operate (CTO) to green
capital loans. reached out to foreign category industries in a single day, The Department for Promotion of
companies. It is currently in based on self-certification. Industry and Internal Trade in
Many other states offer short-term discussion with a South Korean Kerala set up a control room to
loans at lower interest rates along electronics major to set up a monitor and address issues that
with moratoriums on existing plant worth more than INR 5,000 the industry faces.
loans. crore (INR 50 billion) in the state.
15 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Economic recovery: Key lessons and good practices from states (2/3) 40
Employment for Promotion of self- Support for urban Sustaining self-help
migrant workers employment poor and weavers groups (SHGs)
Uttar Pradesh, Others Haryana, Gujarat Kerala, Odisha AP, West Bengal, TN
Uttar Pradesh is mapping the skills The Haryana government will Odisha launched an INR 100 crore The Government of Andhra
of its almost 32 lakh (~3.2 million) facilitate loans of up to INR (INR 1 billion) urban wage Pradesh announced interest-free
migrant workers. The state has 15,000 through small business employment initiative. This would loans worth INR 1,400 crore (INR
launched a Labour (Employment banks. Around 3 lakh (300,000) provide livelihood opportunities to the 14 billion) to the 8.78 lakh
Exchange and Job) Commission for poor who want to start their own urban poor by engaging them in (878,000) SHGs that operate in the
migrant workers to promote businesses will benefit from various urban infrastructure building state.
employment at the local level. these loans and the state initiatives.
Uttar Pradesh has also signed MoUs government will an interest rate The West Bengal government has
with four industrial bodies to subsidy of 2% on these loans. The Kerala government sanctioned decided to double the coverage of
employ around 11 lakh (1.1 INR 41 crore (INR 410 million) to SHGs to nearly 10 lakh (1 million)
million) migrant workers. The Gujarat government is “Ayyankali Urban Employment in FY 21. The loan target to SHG
offering an interest rate subsidy Guarantee Scheme (AUEGS)”. The groups has been increased to INR
Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and of 4% for loans up to INR 2.5 lakh program provides 100 days of 15,000 Crores (INR 150 billion) in
Odisha have also launched portals (INR 250,000) for business and employment to an urban household FY 21.
and mobile apps to connect shop owners. whose adult members volunteer to
migrant workers to employers. perform unskilled manual work. The Government of Tamil Nadu has
decided to offer short-term loans
West Bengal, Telangana, and The Odisha government is providing with a duration of approximately
Assam plan to start skilling interest-free loans to the Odisha one year to members of SHG at an
programs for migrant workers. State Handloom Weavers interest of 10.4%.
Cooperative Society and others for
the procuring goods from weavers.
16 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Economic recovery: Key lessons and good practices from states (3/3) 40
Reforms in the Income support to Promotion of the Increase in wages
agriculture sector farmers allied sectors under MGNREGA
MP, UP, Gujarat Haryana, Karnataka, WB Odisha, J&K, Tamil Nadu, Odisha
Madhya Pradesh was the first Haryana has decided to provide an The government of Odisha The Government of Tamil Nadu
state to amend the Mandi Act incentive of INR 7,000 per acre announced the setup of 2,000 increased the wages provided
during the lockdown. This to farmers for the cultivation of hectares of new fish ponds, under MGNREGA to INR 256 per
allowed farmers to sell their non-paddy crops to address the 4,500 broiler farms, and 750 day.
produce to private traders from shortage of labor and the layer farms in the cage system
their homes. groundwater crisis. The incentive to support the fisheries and The district administration of
will be provided in two animal husbandry sectors. Keonjhar district in Odisha
As per the amended act, private installments. increased the wages under
godowns and cold storages can The UT of Jammu and Kashmir MGRENGA to INR 298 per day. The
operate as sub-markets and The Karnataka government is announced a subsidy package additional burden will be met
farmers can also directly sell their providing cash assistance of INR worth INR 50 crore (INR 500 through the District Mineral Fund.
crops to food processors, 5,000 to maize farmers. million) to establish broiler or
exporters, and others to realize layer farms and for allied New enrollments for work under
the maximum price. The West Bengal government has activities to support the poultry MGNREGA have increased
increased the coverage of Kisan sector. significantly in Uttar Pradesh,
The states of Uttar Pradesh and Credit Card (KCC) to 46 lakh (4.6 Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and
Gujarat have also introduced the million) farmers. The state has Rajasthan, among others.
agriculture marketing reforms also increased the quantum of
mentioned above. loans for Kharif crops to INR
10,000 crore (INR 100 billion).
17 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Insights from MSC’s evaluation of the Indian government’s response to COVID-19 and states analysis based on the COVID-19 Readiness and Response framework
The southern states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana were front-runners in
utilizing multiple channels to facilitate the home delivery of grocery items
% of respondents who received home delivery of grocery*
States adopted numerous channels, such as mobile vans
for the delivery of fruits and vegetables as well as
100%
helplines, mobile apps, and dashboards to facilitate
80%
home delivery of groceries.
60%
40% In the tele-survey, a few respondents observed a
marginal inflation in the prices of essential items.
20%
0%
Status of home delivery of vegetables in 18 states*
Andhra Pradesh
Maharashtra
Rajasthan
Kerala
Haryana
Gujarat
Punjab
Tamil Nadu
Uttar Pradesh
Delhi
Bihar
Madhya Pradesh
Assam
Odisha
Telangana
West Bengal
Karnataka
Jammu and Kashmir
Number of states % of respondents who
receive the home
3 delivery of vegetables
6 40-50%
30-40%
20-30%
In Karnataka, community interventions, such as assisted home-delivery by 5
10-20%
panchayat officials and local workers, combined with dedicated mobile
0-10%
apps ‘such as ‘Homeline’ ensured the wider delivery of essential items.
3
1
* Based on MSC’s evaluation of Indian government’s response to COVID-19. The tele survey was conducted between May 1-10, 2020
19 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Banks were the preferred channel, especially for lower-income groups. Trust in banks and
beneficiaries needing to seek help in enquiring about status of cash transfers are likely reasons
Cash withdrawal preferences of the respondents during the lockdown*
100% Bank Branch ATM Bank Agent/Common Service Centre agent
80%
% of respondents
60%
40%
20%
0%
Jammu & Kashmir
Haryana
Delhi
Punjab
Rajasthan
Bihar
Gujarat
West Bengal
Kerala
Karnataka
Odisha
Andhra Pradesh
Assam
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Maharashtra
Uttar Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
In Karnataka, respondents in the In Tamil Nadu, respondents in the The tele survey data* indicated
tele survey (qualitative) said that tele survey (qualitative) pointed that cash withdrawal from Indian
the banks sent Micro-ATMs to the that they preferred bank agents as Post Payments Bank/ Post Office
villages to withdraw cash. the banks are located far away. was only 2%-3%.
* Based on MSC’s evaluation of Indian government’s response to Covid-19. The tele survey was conducted between May 1-10, 2020
20 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Most states have gone the extra mile to provide cash assistance to the poor and vulnerable,
especially the segments that have been traditionally excluded
State cash transfers1 % of NSAP beneficiaries who received pensions2
100%
6%
31%
80%
60%
63%
40%
Received cash transfer from the state govt.
Not received any cash transfer from the state govt.
20%
Not aware
0%
Many states such as Haryana, Uttar Pradesh,
West Bengal
Uttar Pradesh
Maharashtra
Delhi
Jammu and Kashmir
Haryana
Rajasthan
Punjab
Karnataka
Gujarat
Kerala
Odisha
Bihar
Andhra Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
Assam
Telangana
Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu,
among others, rolled out cash transfer programs
for BPL households, workers in the unorganized
sector, stranded migrant workers, etc.
1. Based on MSC’s evaluation of the response of the Indian government to COVID-19. The tele survey was conducted between May 1-10, 2020.
2. NSAP provides financial assistance in the form of pensions to widows, disabled, and the elderly. The data includes beneficiaries who received at least one pension under NSAP and were able to withdraw it.
21 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Kerala, Karnataka, and Punjab used strict preventive measures, such as contact tracing and isolation
effectively to keep COVID-19 positivity rate in tested samples below 2%. This was achieved despite
conducting less than the average number of tests among the selected states*
Maharashtra needs to expand its testing
30000
coverage to lower the COVID-19 positivity rate Kerala’s proactive approach towards
17.0%
15.1% in tested samples. Eventually, it will also help contact tracing and quarantine helped it
curb the number of new cases. achieve a lower COVID-19 positivity rate in
24000 the tested samples.
12.4%
18000
Average tests per million = 7635 8.3%
12000
6.5%
5.2%
4.5% 4.1%
6000 3.4% 3.1%
1.9% 2.1% 1.7% 2.0% 1.7% 2.1% 1.7%
1.2%
0
Kerala
Rajasthan
Haryana
Telangana
Andhra Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Delhi
Tamil Nadu
Punjab
Bihar
Madhya Pradesh
Assam
Odisha
West Bengal
Gujarat
Jammu and Kashmir
Total test done per million COVID-19 Infections / tested sample (%)
* Based on COVID-19 cases and tests done until June 16, 2020More than 90% of beneficiaries under the Public Distribution System (PDS) received ration either
through their regular entitlement or both regular and PMGKY entitlement or only PMGKY entitlement
% of PDS beneficiaries who received both regular and PMGKY entitlement*
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Kerala
Telangana
Andhra Pradesh
Rajasthan
Haryana
Assam
Karnataka
Madhya Pradesh
Delhi
Bihar
Uttar Pradesh
Maharashtra
Tamil Nadu
Punjab
Odisha
West Bengal
Gujarat
Jammu and Kashmir
* Based on MSC’s evaluation of the response of the Indian government to COVID-19. The tele survey was conducted between May 1-10, 2020
23 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Use of emerging technologies in COVID-19 management
States continue to utilize emerging technologies to deploy innovative solutions to address the
COVID-19 pandemic
Open-source architecture Geotagging and GIS Analytics and artificial intelligence Tele-ICU
Creation of an open-source public Use of geotagging in the Partnership with SAS to deploy high- Partnership with Cloud physician
platform called the Corona Safe delivery of pensions to bring end analytical tools in COVID-19 to deploy India’s indigenously
Network. The software is designed more transparency and avoid dashboards. This would help developed 24*7 tele-ICU in the
by innovators and volunteers leakages. (Andhra Pradesh) implement epidemiological models to Gulbarga Institute of Medical
working to support the state predict the timing and magnitude of Sciences (GIMS).
government. the infection and the resources
Use of geospatial mapping to The tele-ICU enables remote
required. (Odisha, Uttar Pradesh,
The open-source platform has provide information on monitoring of patients through
Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Assam)
been used to develop, test, and containment zones, hotspots, audiovisual tools and internet
deploy multiple applications on location of patients, primary sensors.
contact tracing, telemedicine, Partnership with IBM for the
and secondary contacts,
availability of hospital beds and deployment of a chatbot based on
testing and collection
quarantine facilities, and artificial intelligence and natural
centers, isolation centers,
ambulance services, among language processing to answer queries
fever clinics, etc. (Karnataka)
others. (Kerala) on COVID-19 in multiple languages.
(Andhra Pradesh)
States such as Kerala have used open-source architecture to build healthcare applications on the principle of
“Technology as a public good”
25 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.State governments have used mobile apps and other IT applications widely as a public
engagement tool during the COVID-19 pandemic
State Application name Category Purpose Downloads
Andhra COVID-19 Andhra Informative • Provides information about the status of the district, mandal, or village 100k+
Pradesh Pradesh as well as dos and don’ts, announcements, and media bulletins
Assam COVAAS Informative • Brings together all initiatives of the state under a single platform 10k+
• Provides information on donations, e-pass, volunteer, emergency support
Bihar No info available N/A • N/A N/A
Delhi Delhi Corona Informative • Provides information on donations, lockdown services, such as ration, 100k+
shelter, e-pass, etc.
Gujarat SMC COVID-19 Monitoring/Tracing • Initially launched by the Surat Municipal Corporation and later adopted 100k+
tracker by the entire state. Primarily used to track quarantined individuals
Haryana Jan Sahayak – Informative • Provides services, such as telemedicine, movement passes, assistance in 10k+
HelpMe App procurement, delivery of dry ration and cooked food, education etc.
Jammu and No info available N/A • N/A N/A
Kashmir
Karnataka • Corona Watch Informative, • Provides information on the nearest hospitals, sample collection centers 100k+ (CW)
• Quarantine Tracking/ Monitoring and testing labs, and locations of the cases 50k+ (QW)
Watch • Self-reporting by individuals quarantined at home and their families
(Quarantine Watch)
Kerala GoK Direct Informative • General awareness, quarantine protocols, advice to citizens and NRIs 100k+Around two-thirds of the various mobile apps and dashboards that the states use are to
disseminate information while the rest are used to monitor and track COVID-19 cases
State Application name Category Purpose Downloads
Madhya Sarthak Lite Informative • Provides information about the nearest treatment facility, collection 50k+
Pradesh centre, or fever clinic as well as a health bulletin, etc.
Maharashtra Mahakavach Tracing/Monitoring • A digital contact tracing app that helps citizens contribute and assist 50k+
in tracing contacts with the potential risk of COVID-19
Odisha • Odisha COVID Informative, • Provides services like general information, e-pass application, and 50k+ (OCD)
Dashboard Monitoring/Tracing self-assessment (Odisha COVID-19 Dashboard) 10k+ (CO)
• COVID-19 Odisha • Enables quarantine registration and quarantine reporting (COVID-19
Odisha)
Punjab COVA Informative • Provides information on preventive care, travel instructions, self 1m+
screening, general awareness, nearby hospitals and the helpline etc.
Rajasthan RajCovidInfo Tracing/Monitoring • Provides COVID-19 guidelines and health advisory, location-based 100k+
push alerts, list of hospitals, dos and don’ts, helpline etc.
Tamil Nadu COVID-19 Care Tamil Informative • Provides real time COVID-19 outbreak info, statewide and district- 100k+
Nadu wise spread, emergency contacts, containment zones etc.
Telangana T COVID'19 Informative • Provides information on government and private hospitals with 50k+
isolation wards, labs, telemedicine, helpline, Annapurna food
location, essential services, announcements, etc.
West Bengal COVID-19 West Bengal Monitoring/Tracing • Monitors individuals in home isolation and quarantine 100k+
Uttar Pradesh Ayush Kavach – COVID Informative • Provides updates for a healthy lifestyle and measures to boost 1m+
immunity, based on locally and easily available home remedies etc.Appendices
For the fourth and current version of the study, we revamped the index to integrate the on-ground
evidence and reflect the evolving response of the state governments to the COVID-19 pandemic
Pillars in phase 1
(3 rounds) Robustness of the Vulnerability assistance Health readiness Industry and livelihood
sustenance chain support
Income support for poor Medical infrastructure
Access to food Support for migrant Availability of ventilators Waiver of compliance
Access to fuel and utilities Availability of testing labs requirements
workers, homeless, and
Access to essential goods and kits Ease of working capital
Sub-pillars the destitute
Access to financial COVID-19 cases/tested requirements
for the Support for the disabled,
sample + CFR Unorganized and organized
initial study instruments elderly, children, women,
Screening, contact tracing, sector benefits
and trans people
surveillance, and IEC
Pillars in Assistance to the poor and
Robustness of the essentials vulnerable Health readiness Economic recovery
phase 2
chain
Feeding the poor Medical infrastructure Impacted GDP
Ease of access to utilities Testing strategy Fiscal stimulus
Cash assistance to the poor
Ease of access to essential COVID-19 management Reforms
Support to women and the
items Government initiatives and Employment and livelihood
disadvantaged
Ease of access to financial IEC support
Sub-pillars Support for the movement of
services Public engagement and
for the migrant labors
current Public engagement and communication
Public engagement and
study communication
communication
Rationale More attention on the ease of Adequate focus on the poor Evolving priorities for COVID- National and state focus to
for revision access to essential items and vulnerable 19 management revive the economy
29 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.The COVID-19 Readiness and Response assessment framework
Maximum
Pillar 1: Robustness of the essentials chain normalized 10
score
Ease of access to utilities
01 Covers the supply situation and ease of access to
electricity and water utilities. It also looks at
Assesses factors, such as the ease of access to essential the financial exemptions and support provided
services (utilities, financial services) and essential items by states on electricity and water bills
(grocery, fruits and vegetables, and dairy)
MSC’s tele-survey weightage of 30% is given to two sub-
pillars: a) Ease of access to essential items and b) Ease
of access to financial services Ease of access to essential items
02 Covers access to grocery, fruits and
vegetables, dairy, and other essentials
Public engagement and communication
Covers channels and outreach efforts to 04 across the state
inform, educate, gather feedback, and
resolve complaints related to essential
items, utilities, and financial services
Ease of access to financial services
Covers the operational timings of bank
branches and any other physical and
03
digital initiatives to improve the
accessibility to financial services
31 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Maximum
Pillar 2: Assistance to the poor and vulnerable normalized 30
score
01 Feeding the poor
Covers food-related support provided to vulnerable
groups. This includes PDS distribution to both NFSA and
non-NFSA beneficiaries, community kitchens, and other
Assesses the in-kind and cash support provided to the poor, initiatives such as distribution of food kits.
women, vulnerable and disadvantaged groups, and migrant
workers
MSC’s tele survey weightage of 30% is given to three sub- 02 Cash assistance to the poor
Covers all cash transfers by the
pillars: a) Feeding the poor; b) Cash assistance to the poor;
state government to the registered
and c) Support to women and the disadvantaged BPL population, unregistered BPL
households, and occupational
groups, among others.
Public engagement and communication
Covers initiatives of the states to establish
05
effective communication with the vulnerable
population through various channels intended
to help them enroll or avail the entitled
benefits
03 Support to women and the
disadvantaged
Covers the support and benefits provided
Support for the movement of migrant labors 04 to women and disadvantaged groups,
Covers initiatives of the states to arrange free such as the elderly, children, differently-
transport of migrant workers and in-transit abled, and the trans population
support, such as food, shelter, etc.
32 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Maximum
Pillar 3: Health readiness normalized 30
score
01 Medical infrastructure
Covers the per capita availability of doctors and
per capita availability of isolation beds and
ventilators in COVID-19 care centres and hospitals
Assesses the availability of healthcare infrastructure, testing
strategy, COVID-19 management, and government initiatives
to curb the transmission of COVID-19
Testing strategy
02 Covers COVID-19 tests (RT-PCR)
done per million and COVID-19
Government Initiatives and IEC
Covers the initiatives of the states on
04 positivity rate of the tested
samples
screening, contact tracing, surveillance,
and IEC (aimed at increasing public
awareness of COVID-19)
COVID-19 management
Covers the doubling rate 03
and deaths per million
33 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.Maximum
Pillar 4: Economic recovery normalized 30
score
Impacted GDP
01 Taken as projected per capita GDP of Indian
states for FY 21 released by the State Bank
of India in the Ecowrap Issue No. 22, FY 21
Assesses initiatives by the states to boost their local
economies, such as fiscal stimulus, reforms, employment Fiscal stimulus
support, and targeted outreach to the industry and the
02 Covers public investments in
infrastructure and other sectors as well
workers as capital subsidy and other direct
financial support to the private sector
(MSMEs, industry, startups)
Public engagement and communication
Covers the channels and outreach efforts of
05
the states to address any concerns of Reforms
companies, workers, and employees and the 03 Covers the implementation of reforms
facilitation of access to government services linked with conditional assistance to
states under the Atmanirbhar Bharat
package
Employment support One Ration One Card
Covers the support given by the states to Ease of doing business
MSMEs, the agriculture sector, among
others. Also covers employment support
04 Power distribution (AT&C losses)
Urban local body revenues
provided to migrant workers, the and any other reforms
organized labor force, SHGs, and self-
employed individuals, etc.
34 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.MSC is recognized as the world’s local expert in economic, social, and
financial inclusion
Some of our partners and clients
International financial, 180+ staff in 11 Projects in ~65
social & economic inclusion offices around the developing countries
consulting firm with 20+ world
years of experience
Our impact so far
550+ >850
clients publications
Assisted development of digital
Implemented
G2P services used by
875 million+ people
>850 DFS projects
Developed
275+ FI products Trained 9,000+
and channels now used by
leading FI specialists globally
55 million+ people
35 All rights reserved. This document is proprietary and confidential.MSC corporate brochure | Contact us at info@microsave.net Asia head office Africa head office 28/35, Ground Floor, Princeton Business Park, Shelter Afrique House, Mamlaka Road, 16 Ashok Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India 226001 P.O. Box 76436, Yaya 00508, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +91-522-228-8783 | Fax: +91-522-406-3773 | Email: manoj@microsave.net Tel: +25-420-272-4801 | Fax: +25-420-272-0133 | Email: anup@microsave.net
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