Act 171: Drug Information and Current Trends - Updated June 2021

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Act 171: Drug
Information and
Current Trends
Updated June 2021
 DR. BARZANNA WHITE, S.S.P., PH.D.

 DISTRICT SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGIST, PREVENTION
 COORDINATOR, AND SCTG AND BJA GRANT DIRECTOR

During the COVID-19 Pandemic…                 2
                 Early Research has shown…
▪   Mental health issues such as suicide, depression,
    anxiety are increasing.
▪   For those already diagnosed with a mental illness,
    the degree of illness has been exacerbated.
▪   For those not previously diagnosed with a mental
    illness, the illness is manifested
▪   Domestic violence has increased.
▪   Child abuse cases have risen.

With COVID-19…               3
      Research continues to show… (continued)

▪   Stress has caused fear, anxiety, and social isolation.
▪   Individuals with alcohol and substance use disorders
    are more vulnerable …cravings, consumption, and
    risk of relapse are high (NIAAA, 2020).
▪   Researchers suggest that valid & reliable data will
    not be available until possibly 2022 for the time
    during the pandemic crisis.

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Early Results of 2020 AMERICAN STREET DRUG
USAGE Due To PANDEMIC PROTOCOLS
DECREASED USAGE
   MDMA/ECSTASY – usage dropped 41% (*absence of
        festivals/nightclubs/raves)
   COCAINE – usage dropped 38%*
   KETAMINE – usage dropped by 34%

INCREASED USAGE
   CANNABIS – most popular, 46% increase
   PSYCHEDELICS (magic mushrooms, LSD, etc.) – considered to remain
         steady with only a 20% increase

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STREET DRUGS to WATCH for in 2021
 ❖   CANNABIS – 46% increase in use during 2020 (Americans)
     •   Continued legalization in numerous states

 ❖   MDMA/Ecstasy
     •   Returning post-pandemic (Raves, clubs, parties recurring*)

 ❖   FANTASY (GHB)
     •   Returning post-pandemic *

 ❖   PHENIBUT
 ❖   FLAKKA (ALPHA-PHP)
 ❖   KRATOM
 ❖   FENTANYL & CARFENTANIL
 ❖   GABAPENTIN
                                                                      This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

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    MARIJUANA - CANNABIS
   Intake: Smoked in a cigarette or in a pipe or bong, smoked
    in blunts, mixed with food (edibles)or other drugs, brewed as tea
   Slang: Aunt Mary, BC Bud, Chronic, Dope, Gangster, Ganja, Grass,
    Hash, Herb, Joint, Mary Jane, Mota, Pot, Reefer, Sinsemilla, Skunk,
    Smoke, Weed, Yerba
   Effects: Impaired judgment, reduced coordination, hallucinations,
    difficulty thinking and problem-solving, effects memory and learning,
    causes relaxation, disinhibition, increased appetite, sedation,
    increased sociability, confusion, distorted perception, anxiety,
    drowsiness, dizziness, nauseas, tachycardia, respiratory problems

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    Marijuana (Depressant,
    Hallucinogen, & Stimulant)
 Intake: Orally or smoked (buds, leaves,
  sticky, black hashish oil)
 Slang: Bud, Herb, Grass, Green, Mary
  Jane, Reefer, Weed, Shatter, Ear Wax,
  Budder, 710, Dabs
 Effects: Bloodshot eyes, intense anxiety,
  panic attacks, dry mouth and throat,
  lack of concentration, lack of
  coordination, impaired learning,
  impaired judgement, difficulty problem
  solving, and loss of memory.

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    LEGALIZATION OF MARIJUANA

❖   Currently, 27 states and Washington, D.C. have implemented legislation
    decriminalizing minor amounts of marijuana possession, according to
    the National Conference of State Legislatures. (June 6, 2021)

❖   MEDICAL-USE UPDATE: As of May 18, 2021, 36 states and 4 territories allow
    for the medical use of cannabis products.

❖   ADULT-USE UPDATE: As of April 14, 2021, 17 states, two territories and the
    District of Columbia have enacted legislation to regulate cannabis for adult
    use.

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Monthly retail sales of recreational marijuana amid the coronavirus outbreak
                                                                                10
in the United States in 2020*(in million U.S. dollars) Published July 2020 -Statista.com
DECREASED , expected to drop to 380+ million by April 2020 (results not in). May be found to be
NOT TRUE ONCE THE DATA IS IN. This may be skewed due to the fact that – MORE STATES
HAVE LEGALIZED ITS USE.

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 In LOUISIANA…2019
As of 2019 LA had one of the most restrictive Medical
use laws: Limited to: Cancer, Epilepsy, HIV/AIDS,
Cachexia/Wasting Syndrome, MD, Crohn’s, MS, Parkinson’s,
Glaucoma, PTSD, Severe muscle spasms, and severe pain.
Autism included in the list, but with specific criteria : Avoidance
of others if the individual’s health is compromised; Self-
stimulatory or repetitive behavior severe enough to put the
victim in danger, self-destructive or physically aggressive

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In LOUISIANA…2020
 In 2020, legislature passed & Gov. John Bel
 Edwards signed HB 819: allows doctors to
 recommend medical cannabis for any medical
 condition the physician “considers debilitating to
 an individual patient” that the physician is
 qualified to treat. Added several conditions,
 including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, ALS, traumatic
 brain injury, and chronic pain associated with
 sickle cell anemia or fibromyalgia.

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    In LOUISIANA…2021
   As of June 2021, patients can now vaporize cannabis
    preparations via “metered-dose inhaler,” but cannot access
    whole-plant flower and smoking is not allowed.
   Recreational use: currently illegal –However, the marijuana
    legalization bill, HB699 which decriminalizes marijuana has
    now (June 6, 2021) passed and is awaiting the Governor’s
    action.
   Can buy and use CBD oil and its derivatives as long as it is
    sourced from industrial hemp and has less than 0.3% THC.

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In LOUISIANA…2021... Notes
   Louisiana has only two state-licensed cultivators — Louisiana
    State University and Southern University — and the state has
    authorized only nine locations to dispense medical marijuana.

   Prohibiting whole-plant (flower) and smoking drives up costs,
    making medical cannabis inaccessible to most low-income
    and middle-income patients, and can result in cannabis
    businesses not being economically viable.

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DABBING AND
 VAPING ARE
TWO TEEN TRENDS
THAT CONTINUE TO
   ESCALATE

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    MARIJUANA DABBING
   Marijuana dabbing, a relatively new form of marijuana use that has been used for over 20
    years, but gained popularity in recent years, refers to the process of inhaling HIGHLY
    CONCENTRATED THC marijuana concentrates, known on the street by many names
    such as dabs, butane hash oil (BHO), honey oil, shatter, wax, and budder. Dab tabs
    are measured portions of cannabis (50mg of THC or CBC or both). When heated, they are not
    chemically modified, but by extracting marijuana’s psychoactive ingredient
    tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) by a method of butane extraction, thus, the result is a high
    dose of THC with instantaneous effects.
   The end product is a thick brownish-green substance, resembling ear wax, or honey.
    Marijuana dabbing or ‘blasting dabs’ is when the concentrate is processed by using
    a blowtorch heated delivery system or heated device such as a nail or modified
    water pipe and the released vapors are inhaled. The device is commonly referred
    to as a dab rig (Parents Opposed to Pot, 2020).

MARIJUANA DABBING                                              17

                 continued…..
   Just six years after marijuana was legalized in Colorado, teens report an
    alarming increase in use of ultra-potent pot products. More than half
    who use marijuana now dab to get high.
   Students vaping marijuana increased 69%. Will that continue elsewhere?
   For MOTHER’S DAY 2021 - SPECIALS FOR DAB RIGS were on the
    internet!
What Might You See….

Have You Seen Any of These Items at   18
School or Walking Down the Street?

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SIGNS SOMEONE MAY BE DABBING

   Increased use of perfumes/colognes to hide the smell.
   Paraphernalia: vape pens, glass water pipes, dab rigs, nails (hollow
    metal rod where the nail is heated and the dab is placed on the hot
    surface).
   Use of gum, mints, and eye drops.
   Changes in behavior consistent with marijuana use, but intensified
    throughout the entire day (unusual talkativeness, sleepiness,
    bloodshot eyes, disorientation).
   Increased positive attitude about marijuana use and interest in
    marijuana(movies, characters, clothing).

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VAPING
   Prior to COVID-19, teen vaping and related lung issues were growing at an alarming
    rate. This has intensified since the pandemic.
   The U.S. Surgeon General officially declared e-cigarettes an epidemic with young
    Americans.
   Originally, vaping was a way to get a buzz from the nicotine and was a method of
    hiding usage in neatly contained devices (JUULs/devices or Puff Bar and Zyn/disposable
    nicotine pouches).
   1 in 5 high school seniors vape (2018) and these numbers are rising each year.
   Nicotine, alcohol, and marijuana are gateway drugs and increase the likelihood of using
    other substances later in life. Using substances is an ineffective coping mechanisms, it
    increases trouble with law enforcement (poor decision making, driving under the
    influence), and it limits effective problem-soling (poor choices, suicide), etc.

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    VAPING –vs- SMOKING
VAPING VS SMOKING: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?
   The main difference between smoking and vaping stems from how nicotine is
    delivered. The burning end of a cigarette reaches temperatures of 900 C or
    1652 F which creates tobacco smoke. The process of combustion is what
    generates carcinogenic chemicals, and this is why smoking cigarettes is
    dangerous.
   On the other hand, vaping does not burn chemicals, and instead, it heats the
    ingredients into an aerosol aka vapor.
   Before we start comparing the differences between vaping and smoking in
    detail, let’s go through the similarities between the two.

SMOKING/NICOTINE/TOBACCO                                                                 22

     & E-CIGARETTES
E-cigarettes, AKA vapes or vaping devices, are classified by the FDA as a tobacco product. A critical
similarity is that the main ingredients in e-juices are also in cigarettes as additives to improve the
smoking experience.
   What are the E-liquid Ingredients, Commonly referred as E-liquid or Vape juice? Four main
    ingredients: Propylene Glycol (PG) , Vegetable Glycerin or Glycerol (VG) , often Nicotine
    (which can increase the carcinogenic effects of tobacco smoke), Flavoring Concentrates. (PG &
    VG are preservatives to prevent it from drying out.) The 4 main ones are Generally Recognized As
    Safe (GRAS)”
Many compare nicotine to caffeine for its stimulant-like properties, high risk for addiction, and
lethally toxic when ingested in high concentrations or its pure form. E-juice bottles are child-proofed
to prevent accidental nicotine overdose. NOT all e-juice contains nicotine as you can order 0 mg
nicotine.
There are many internet sites to purchase these items. MUST BE 21 - they say.

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HEALTH EFFECTS of VAPING/SMOKING

   The danger of smoking cigarettes is caused by the combustion process. In e-
    cigarettes, the danger is in the toxicants which are vaporized.*
   Real danger lies in the harmful chemicals released when tobacco goes through
    combustion. The ingredients include 500 other ingredients used in cigarettes which are all
    surprisingly FDA approved as additives to put in your food.
   *Comparable amounts of toxicants (Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, and Metals)
    in vapor were also found in FDA-approved Nicorette Inhaler, an NRT product
    However, burning these chemical compounds paint a different story, and some of these
    chemicals are known to have carcinogenic effects.
   With over 4000 chemicals in cigarette smoke, 250 are known to be harmful chemicals and
    at least 60 can cause cancer.
   Metals found in vapor may leach from the metal coil used to heat the e-juice

WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE HEALTH       24

EFFECTS OF VAPING/SMOKING continued
   Harmful chemicals released in the vaping process are also found in tobacco smoke. Compared to
    the 250 known harmful chemicals & more than 60 cancer-causing compounds in cigarette
    smoke, researchers have found 31 potentially toxic compounds in vapors.
   The levels of toxic chemicals found in vaping are dependent on the device used (Power), e-liquid
    contents (varies by flavor and brand), and user behavior (puff topography).
Furthermore, every vape juice will test differently due manufacturing process with each brand.
     ▪   the flavorings used (Diacetyl, Vanillin, etc.)
     ▪   the production environment (Contaminants)
     ▪   the purity of the ingredients (specifically when testing for NNN and NNK)
     ▪   the device used (higher wattages, wicking system, and type of coil used)
     ▪   how the user interacts with the device (Dry Hits)

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 WHAT WE DON’T KNOW…
▪ the long-term health impact (Cancer, Respiratory and
  Cardiovascular diseases).
▪ if the trace amounts of harmful chemicals found in vaping
  is enough to do substantial damage to the human health.
 Everyone who vapes is now part of a greater toxicological
 experiment and only time will tell. Until then, scientists will
    continue to produce new studies that will ultimately
   determine how e-cigarette products will be regulated.

COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF VAPING                            26

REPORTED (Not everyone experiences these)
 VAPING    W/NICOTINE-    VAPING WITHOUT NICOTINE
  RELATED SIDE EFFECTS:    EFFECTS:
  can occur when vaping  Chest Pain
  at high intensity.        Coughing
 Vomiting                  Throat irritation
 Nausea / Dizziness        Wheezing
 Eye irritation            Dehydration - dry mouth, skin, nose
 Stomach Aches             Headaches
 Increased blood pressure  It may further intensify Asthma
                             symptoms
 Increased heart rate

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     PUFF BARS
   Designed in Los Angeles by two 20-year-olds.
   At first - Flavor mixing labs are in Malaysia; production occurs
    in China. Now produced in California.
Puff Bar vape devices are non-refillable disposable devices with
flavored nicotine offering 200-800 puffs, depending on battery charge
and amount of nicotine . It is for one-time use as it raises its own
bar. The PUFF BAR DISPOSABLE POD Device is a compact,
lightweight, and portable pod system that comes with 1.3 ml of e-
liquid with each pod. The disposable pod device requires no
maintenance, charging, or refilling and has a built-in 280mAh battery.
It is very compact, portable and lightweight.

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JUUL – one kind of puff bar/pod
          Designed for adults, JUUL products, like other Puff
          devices, deliver nicotine (with flavor if desired). It is
          illegal to sell the products to minors. They are an
          alternative to traditional cigarettes. Like some other
          devices, the JUUL Device is a vaporizer that has no
          buttons or switches, and uses a regulated temperature
          control, and allows you to set your
          strength and flavor.

         Juul CRÈME BRULEE –
              refill pods –

Youth e-cigarette Epidemic Continues with                             29
    Other DISPOSABLE POUCHES & LOZENGES

• one in five high school students used e-cigarettes in 2020
• a new type of flavored nicotine product is gaining popularity and raising public
  health concerns. Oral nicotine pouches and lozenges; brands such as Zyn, On!
  and Velo, Dryft, are in many flavors, which have proven to appeal to youth
• sales data show that nicotine pouches are increasing in popularity
• Nielsen data reported Zyn nicotine pouch dollar sales in
   convenience stores increased 470% in the first half of 2020.
• Truth Initiative tracking shows that 13% of 15-24 year olds
    surveyed in Fall 2020 used pouches in the past 30-days.

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ALCOHOL – on the increase
   Alcohol-related deaths jumped to highest level during Covid
    pandemic
   Alcohol killed more people in 2020 than in any of the previous 20 years
   The 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey5,6 found that among high school
    students, during the past 30 days 29% drank alcohol, 14% binge drank,
    5% of drivers drove after drinking alcohol; 17% rode with a driver who
    had been drinking alcohol.
   Males historically had higher rates, but data in 2019 showed that
    female high school students were more likely to drink alcohol and
    binge drink than male high school students.6

ALCOHOL –                                                                             31

Dangers of Underage Drinking
Youth who drink alcohol are more
likely to experience6,8-10
➢   School problems, such as higher rates       ➢ Physical and sexual violence.
    of absences or lower grades.                ➢ Increased risk of suicide and homicide.
➢   Social problems, such as fighting or lack   ➢ Motor vehicle crashes and other
    of participation in youth activities.         unintentional injuries (burns, falls, drowning)
➢   Legal problems, such as arrest for
    driving or physically hurting someone.      ➢ Memory problems.
➢   Physical problems, such as hangovers        ➢ Misuse of other substances.
    or illnesses.
                                                ➢ Changes in brain development that may
➢   Unwanted, unplanned, and                      have life-long effects.
    unprotected sexual activity.
                                                ➢ Alcohol poisoning
   Disruption of normal growth or sexual
    development.

INTENTIONAL ADVERTISING to Youth                                                   32

Tobacco and Alcohol – in America
   LOCATION IS EVERYTHING ..Retail-based marketing starts outside of stores, colorful ads for
    tobacco products beckon those passing by, items placed near check-out areas.
   across the U.S. spend roughly $25 billion every year on ads for tobacco products such as
    vape pens & cigarettes, and alcohol.
   The ads specifically gain the attention of teens through the use of celebrities, humor,
    current music, and attractive young models. 25% of music videos depict smoking.
    Alcohol remains the most prevalent, with an average drinking scene shown every 22
    minutes on tv; primetime rates are higher- 70 percent of these shows depict alcohol use.
   The ads make smoking and drinking seem like casual everyday activities
   Alcohol-related ads are often aired during primetime tv shows &; thus, teens are 400
    times more likely to see an ad for alcohol than a PSA that discourages underage
    drinking.

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    IN THE NEWS
   Binghampton, NY mayor introduces new “social host” law to reduce underage drinking.
    The law will help those who host and serve substances to minors accountable.
   Coke bought the Topo Chico seltzer brand and will be adding alcohol to it. It will be
    available in Latin America in select cities.
   A Lynnwood, Washington couple was arrested for having $19 million dollars worth of
    fentanyl in their home.
   Drug-driving could soon exceed drunk driving!
   Baton Rouge, LA – Approximately $4000 of fentanyl laced praline candy was seized along
    with other items in a drug arrest.

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IN THE NEWS continued….
   CDC reports in July 2020
     •   93K Americans die from alcohol-related causes each year
     •   5,306 homicides related to alcohol use each year,
     •   injuries sustained during falls accounted for 2,645 of the alcohol-related deaths each year,
     •   Overdose Deaths Accelerating During COVID-19 | CDC Online ...
     •   Over 81,000 drug overdose deaths occurred in the United States in the 12 months ending in May
         2020, the highest number of overdose deaths ever recorded in a 12-month period (Dec 17, 2020
         · CDC Press Release) Deaths continue with forced excessive alcohol drinking during hazing on college
         campuses.

   RECOVERY WORLD-WIDE ADDICTION CENTER reports November 2020
•   the largest annual increase of deaths from alcohol-related problems is for non-Hispanic
    Caucasian women

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ECSTASY or MDMA aka Molly

   Intake: Orally swallowed
   Slang: Candy, Clarity, Beans, Adam, E. X, XTC, Happy
    Pill, Molly, Skittles, Smarties, Vitamin E, Vitamin X, Hug
    Drug, Vowels
   Effects: Reduced appetite, paranoia,
    blurred vision, hallucinations, tremors,          muscle
    tension, extreme thirst, fainting,                and
    increased heart rate.

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FANTASY - GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid)
   Intake: Often added to drinks in liquid or power form,
    swallowed or taken orally
   Slang: Date Rape Drug, G, Georgia Home Boy, grievous
    Bodily Harm, Liquid Ecstasy, Sleep 500, or Scoop
   Effects: Tremors, impaired motor skills, difficulty breathing,
    seizures, respiratory depression, comas, nausea, and death

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       PHENIBUT
➢   chemical similar to a brain chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA); used as a
    recreational drug and as a medicine.
➢   used for anxiety, insomnia, a type of anxiety that often develops after a terrifying event (post-
    traumatic stress disorder or PTSD), alcohol use disorder, etc. There is no good scientific evidence
    to support these uses. .
➢   In USA it is legal to possess, but not approved as a licensed pharmaceutical drug by the Food and
    Drug Administration (FDA). Can purchase online as a nutritional supplement, FDA has ruled that
    phenibut does not meet the definition of a dietary ingredient. Once sold in GNC & Walmart!
    Brand names Anvifen, Fenibut, and Noofen – sold on line.
➢   When taken by mouth: side effects, include hangover effect, dizziness, nausea, poor balance,
    and fatigue. In large doses can cause trouble breathing, unconsciousness, and death.
➢   Phenibut can cause dependence when taken regularly. People who use phenibut regularly and
    then stop taking it may experience withdrawal symptoms which can include decreased appetite,
    nausea, muscle aches, fast heart rate, anxiety, agitation, trouble sleeping, and seizures.

FLAKKA (alpha-PVP)                                           38
    “The Zombie Drug”

   Similar to the street drug commonly referred to as bath salts.
   Intake: eaten, snorted, injected, or vaporized in e-cigarettes
   Slang: Gravel
   Effects: Hallucinations, paranoia, violent aggression, self-injury,
    overdose, death

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KRATOM
   Leaves from the Kratom tree (southeast Asia; causes stimulant and sedative effects.
   Intake: Pill, crushed and smoked, chewed, brewed as a tea
   Slang: Thang, Kakuam, Ketum, Biak
   Effects: Psychoactive and euphoric effects – raves and concerts Increases alertness,
    talkativeness, and physical energy (low doses), sedation (high doses),hallucinations,
    confusion, delusions, itching, nausea, dry mouth, sweating, increased urination, loss
    of appetite, wight loss, anorexia, insomnia
   Not illegal at federal level DEA has under review for
    controlled substance
   Some states have banned. CAN BUY IN SHREVEPORT & BOSSIER
   Used for overcoming opiod addiction

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FENTANYL (Synthetic Opioid)/CARFENTANIL

   One hundred times stronger than morphine; developed for pain management
    with cancer patients
   Intake: Needle                                                                   Prince
   Slang: Apace, China Girl, China Town, China White, Dance Fever, Goodfellows,
    Great Bear, He-Man, Poison, and Tango and Cash
   Effects: Intense, short-term high, euphoria, slowed respiration, reduced blood
    pressure, nausea, fainting, seizures, death

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CELEBRITY DEATH – Fentanyl related

 Lil Peep    American     Overdose of    Prescription   2017   21
             rapper and   fentanyl and   drugs
             singer       Xanax
 Tom Petty   American     Accidental     Prescription   2017   66
             singer and   overdose of    drugs
             songwriter   prescription
                          drugs
                          including
                          fentanyl and
                          oxycodone
 Prince      American     Accidental     Prescription   2016   57
             singer and   fentanyl       drug
             songwriter   overdose

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GABAPENTIN

   USE: Gabapentin is used with other meds to prevent & control seizures, treat
    alcohol and cocaine withdrawals, restless leg syndrome, types of neuropathy,
    fibromyalgia, epilepsy adjunct treatment, & relieve nerve pain following shingles
   Brand Names: Neurontin · Gralise · Gralise 30-Day Starter Pack · Neuraptine · Gabarone
   Street names are “gabbies” or “johnnies.”
   Drug Class: Anticonvulsant - GABA Analogs · Dermatological - Miscellaneous Single Agents
    · Postherpetic Neuralgia Agents
   Availability: Prescription Required
   Side Effects: drowsiness, tremors, coordination problems, suicidal thoughts, forgetfulness
   Researchers attribute the tighter prescription restrictions on opioid painkillers as one of the
    reasons for the spike in gabapentin use.
   Often combined with opioids to get greater high.

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Other Drugs From A to Z
         AMPHETAMINES
   Prescription stimulant used to treat ADHD (Concerta, Adderall, Dexedrine, Focalin,
    Metadate, Ritalin).
   Often used as a study aid to keep people awake or used to suppress appetites.
   Intake: Used orally or injected. Ice or crystalized methamphetamine hydrochloride is
    smoked.
   Slang: Bennies, Bumble Bees, Black Beauties, Dexedrine, Footballs, Hearts, Speed, Uppers,
    Vitamin R
   Effects: Similar to cocaine, but slower onset and longer duration. Causes increased body
    temperature, blood pressure, irritability, aggression, insomnia, loss of appetite, physical
    exhaustion. Chronic abuse can lead to psychosis, paranoia, hallucinations, violent and
    erratic behavior.

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    Barbiturates (Depressants)

➢ Intake: Pill or injecting a liquid.
➢ Slang: Barbs, Block Busters, Christmas Trees, Goof Balls, Pinks, Red Devils, Reds and
  Blues, Yellow Jackets
➢ Effects: Paranoia, suicidal thoughts, lack of inhibition, sleepiness, impaired memory &
  judgment & coordination, irritability, clammy skin, dilated pupils, weak & rapid pulse,
  coma.
    Bath Salts: MDPV, 4MMC (Synthetic Stimulants)
➢ Intake: Orally, smoked, snorted, or injected
➢ Slang: Cloud 9, Bliss, Energy 1, White Rush, Purple, Wave
➢ Effects: Aggression, Confusion, Hallucination, Paranoia, Alters Mood,
   Dilation of Pupils, Sweating, Seizures, and Suicidal Thoughts
   Human-made stimulants related to cathinone, found in the khat plant.

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BENZODIAZEPINES (Depressants)

➢   Intake: Orally or crushed and snorted
➢   Slang: Benzos, Downers, Nerve Pills, Tranks
➢   Effects: Calming, euphoria, vivid, disturbing dreams, amnesia, irritability,
    hostility, clammy skin, shallow reparation, dilated pupils, weak and rapid pulse,
    and coma.
    COCAINE
➢ Intake: Orally swallowed, smoked, snorted, or injected
➢ Slang: Coke, Flake, Coca, Nose Candy, Snow, Soda Cot, White, Blanco, Big C,
      Blow
➢ Effects: Anxiety, insomnia, hallucinations, paranoia, heart attack, seizures, and
  possible infected diseases if injected.

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CRACK (Stimulant)

   Intake: Heated in a pipe then smoked
   Slang: Freebase, Apple Jacks, Rocks, Pebbles, Nuggets, Half Track, Baseball, Roxanne
   Effects: Anxiety, insomnia, hallucinations, paranoia, heart attack, seizures, and
    possible infected diseases if injected

      DXM - Dextromethorphan (Cough Suppressant)
    Intake: Orally swallowed
    Slang: CCC, DXM, Dex, Red Devils, Robo, Skittles, Triple C, Tussin, Velvet
    Effects: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, confusion, hallucinations, high
     blood pressure, numbness of fingers and toes, and irregular heartbeat

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   HEROIN (Depressant)

      Intake: Snorted, smoked, or heated into a liquid and injected
      Slang: Black Tar, Brown sugar, Big H, China White, Dope, H, Junk, Smack, Dragon, or Horse
      Effects: Euphoria, sleeping/drowsiness, nodding off, vomiting, dry/itchy skin, impaired mental
       functioning, slow movement and breathing, needle marks, boils, extremely small pupils, clammy skin,
       and reduced appetite
Chris Kelly       Rapper (Kris Kross)   Fatal overdose, cocaine and       Illegal drug    2013    34
                                        heroin

Cory Monteith     Actor (Glee) &        Toxic mix of heroin and alcohol   Illegal drug and 2013   31
                  singer                                                  alcohol

Whitney Houston   American singer,      Drowning; complications of        Illegal drug    2012    48
                  actress               cocaine and heart disease;
                                        Flexeril, marijuana, Xanax and
                                        Benadryl also found in body but
                                        did not contribute to death

48
HYDROMORPHONE

   Usually Prescribed as Dilaudid; 2-8 times more likely than
    morphine.
   Intake: orally or by injecting tablets dissolved in solution
   Slang: D, Dillies, Dust, Footballs, Juice, Smack
   Effects: relaxation, euphoria, sedation, changes in mood,
    nervousness, restlessness, constipation, vomiting, nausea, poor coordination,
    rash, heartbeat changes, loss of appetite, changes in blood pressure,
    depression, poor muscle tone, constricted pupils, clammy skin, coma
   Brand names: Dilaudid · Exalgo ER · Dilaudid-hp · Palladone · Dilaudid-5
   Drug classes: Opioid · Narcotic analgesics

49
     INHALANTS (Depressant-like)

▪ Intake: Vapors are inhaled
▪ Slang: Huffing, Laughing Gas, Poppers, Rush, Whippets, Bagging, Gluey
▪ Effects: Dizziness, slurred speech, drowsiness, passing out/loss of
  consciousness, sudden sniffing death, heart failure, hearing loss,
  and permanent damage to the liver, lungs, and kidney
▪ Deaths: National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that as many as 200
  people die from inhalant abuse each year.

▪ Household and industrial chemicals whose volatile vapors or pressurized
  gases can be concentrated and breathed in via the nose or mouth (acetone,
  freon, gasoline, toluene, trichloroethylene, nitrous oxide which is used in contact
  cement, permanent markers, & some glue; but, do not include drugs that are
  sniffed after burning or heating.)

50
KETAMINE (Used as an anesthetic & pain)

   Intake: Orally swallowed, smoked, or snorted (pills, powder, or liquid)
   Slang: Cat Valium, Jet, K, Kit Kat, Purple, Special K, Super Acid, Super C, Super K,
    Vitamin K
   Effects: Amnesia, delirium, impaired motor functioning, respiratory problems
   Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic used in human anesthesia and veterinary
    medicine. An hallucinogen that causes a person to feel
    detached from reality. Much of the ketamine sold on the
    street has been diverted from veterinarians’ offices.
    Ketamine’s chemical structure and mechanism of action
    are similar to those of PCP.

51
KHAT (Stimulant)
                      Made from leaves and twigs of the
                       evergreen shrub (Active ingredients:
                       cathine and cathinone)
                      Intake: chewed, used as a tea or
                       chewable paste, smoked, sprinkled on food
                      Slang: Abyssinian Tea, African Salad,
                       Catha, Chat, Kat, Miraa, Oat, Qat, Quaadka
                      Effects: Manic behavior, depression,
                       suicide, delusions, hallucinations, paranoia,
                       nightmares, euphoria, increased blood
                       pressure and heart rate , insomnia, gastric
                       disorders, cardiac complications

52
LSD
   Intake: Orally swallowed, or placed on the tongue (pill, liquid, gelatin,
     blotter paper)
   Slang: Acid, Blotter, Lucy, Purple Haze, Microdots, Trips, Window Panes,
    Tabs
   Effects: Elevated body temperature, decreased appetite, increased
    blood pressure, insomnia, tremors, flashbacks, chronic recurring
    hallucinations, psychosis
   Use INCREASE – significant, even prior to COVID; greater among.
    Researchers found LSD use increased the most among those aged 35 to
    49, whose interest in the drug shot up 223 percent in the three-year period.
    The 50+ age group saw a 45 percent increase in LSD use as well, while use
    among people aged 26 to 34 increased by 59 percent. However, the
    youngest potential acid-droppers, those aged 18 to 25, were the only age
    group whose LSD use saw a decrease, dropping 24 percent. (July 2020)

53

54
      METHADONE

   Synthetic opioid prescribed as Dolphine or Methadose
   Intake: Swallowed as a liquid or pill or it’s injected
   Slang: Abyssinian Tea, African Salad, Catha, Chat, Kat,
    Miraa, Oat, Qat, Quaadka
   Effects: highly addictive, clammy skin, convulsions,
    coma, death, weak pulse, shallow breathing, stomach
    spasms, itchy skin, sweating, sleepiness
➢   Treatment for Drug Addiction: A methadone clinic is a
    place where a person who is addicted to opioid-based
    drugs, such as heroin or prescription painkillers, can
    receive medication-based therapy. Patients receive
    methadone, or the brand name version known as
    Dolophine, which is an opioid analgesic. This drug
    treatment is often referred to as replacement therapy.

METHAMPHETAMINE                                                                 55

      (Stimulant)
   Desoxyn   Methamphetamine Hydrochloride Tablets–   used to treat obesity and
    ADHD.
    Adderall,vyvanse,ridlin,and concerta all contain amphetamine similar to
    the street drug methamphetamines (speed).
   Intake: Orally, smoked, snorted, or injected smoked form (crystal meth
    resembles crushed ice)
   Slang: 417, Beanies, Crank, Crypto, crystal, Fired, Glass, Ice, Meth, Quartz,
    Speed, White Cross, Shards, Bikers Coffee, Stove Top, Tweak, Yaba, Trash,
    Chalk, Crystal, Crank, Shabu
   Effects: Paranoia, convulsions, stoke, scratching, skin sores, hyperthermia,
    sensation of bugs crawling under their skin, hallucinations, heart attack,
    death, and poor dental health

56
MORPHINE

   NON-SYNTHETIC NARCOTIC (OPIOID) MADE FROM OPIUM.
   BRANDS: AVINZA, KADIAN, MS CONTIN, MSIR, ORAMORPH SR, ROXANOL,
    ROXANOL-T, RMS MORPHINE,
   INTAKE: ORAL SOLUTIONS, INJECTED, TABLETS, CAPSULES,
    SUPPOSITORIES
   SLANG: DREAMER, EMSEL, FIRST LINE, GOD’S DRUG, HOWS, MS,
    MISTER BLUE, MORPHO, UNKIE
   EFFECTS: SLEEPINESS, COLD AND CLAMMY SKIN, EUPHORIA,
    PAIN RELIEF, LOWERED PULSE/BLOOD PRESSURE, POSSIBLE
    DEATH

57
OPIUM

  Non-synthetic narcotic extracted from the poppy
   plant.
  Intake: Pill, smoked, injected, used in combination
   with other drugs
  Slang: Aunti, Aunti Emma, Big O, Black pill, Chandu,
   Chinese Molasses, Dopium, Dream Gun, Fi-do-nie,
   Gee, Guma, Midnight Oil, Zero
  Effects: Relaxation, euphoric relief, coma, death,
   highly addictive

58
OXYCODONE/HYDROCODONE (Depressant)

   Intake: Orally swallowed, snorted, or injected (tablets, caplets, or crushed)
   Slang: Cotton, 40/80, Hillbilly Heroin, Kicker, Killers, OC/O, Oxy, OxyContin, Roxy,
    Percs, Pills
   Effects: Bloodshot eyes, major anxiety, panic attacks, dry mouth and throat, lack of
    concentration, lack of coordination, impaired learning, impaired judgement,
    difficulty problem-solving, and loss of memory
   Hydrocodone is not widely available outside of the U.S., so has limited use
    internationally. Oxycodone appears to have a higher abuse liability potential
    compared with hydrocodone. Hydrocodone is also combined with antihistamines
    as an effective cough suppressant. Acetaminophen & other pain medications,
    may be added to oxycodone to make a specific narcotic analgesic. Norco -
    Lortab · Vicodin. This type of combination medication can calm a person’s mood,
    which gives the painkiller time to work.

59
PCP (Phencyclidine)

   Synthetically produced hallucinogen.
   Intake: Power form (snorted), tablets/capsules, leafy materials
    sprayed or dipped in liquid and smoked.
   Slang: Angel Dust, Boat, Crystal, Embalming Fluid, Hog,
    Ozone, Rocket Fuel, Shermans, Supergrass, Tic Tac, Wack,
    Zoom
   Effects: Distortion, feelings of being detached from the world,
    slurred speech, sedation, amnesia, numbness, disorientation,
    feeling invincible, shallow breathing, immobility

60
PEYOTE CACTUS &
MESCALINE

   Small spineless cactus with an active ingredient of
    mescaline.
   Intake: Fresh or dried buttons can be chewed or smoked
    with marijuana/tobacco, capsules, soaked in water and
    drank
   Slang: Buttons, Cactus, Mesc, Peyoto
   Effects: Altered perceptions of space and time,
    hallucinations, nausea, vomiting, rise in body temperature,
    impaired motor coordination, anxiety, euphoria
   For thousands of years, American Indians have used
    peyote for ritual and healing purposes. The plant has been
    traditionally used for pain (e.g., toothache), rheumatism,
    colds, blindness, and alcoholism. Peyote use is illegal in the
    United States, except for religious use by the Native
    American Church.

61
PSILOCYBIN (Mushrooms)

   Intake: Brewed as tea, added to food to mask bitter flavor,
    ingested orally
   Slang: Magic Mushrooms, Shrooms, Mushrooms
   Many species/hybrids with varying amounts of Psilocybin (the
    hallucinogenic
   Effects: Panic attacks, psychosis, hallucinations, nausea,
    vomiting, weakness of muscles, poor coordination, psychosis,
    death

62
    ROHYPNOL (Date Rape Drug)

   It’s a depressant and benzodiazepine is not approved for medical use in the U.S.
   It is sometimes used by cocaine users to relieve side effects.
   Intake: Tablet, swallowed, crushed or snorted, can be dissolved in liquids (colors
    light drinks a pale blue).
   Slang: Circles, Forget Me Pill, La Rocha, Lunch Money Drug, Mexican Valium,
    Pingus, R2, Roach 2, Ruffies, Rophies, Wolfies
   Effects: addictive, impaired mental functions, slurred speech, loss of
    concentration, drowsiness, sleepiness, amnesia, relaxes muscles, decreases
    anxiety
   DATA: Over 86% of the time – the rape is caused by a boyfriend, an
    acquaintance, or another trusted individual.
   GOOD NEWS: There are now some cups, straws, nail polish, The SipChip, pd.ID
    sensors that are reusable, and other devices that can indicate the presence of a
    date rape drug. Additionally, bar coasters are made with two testing strips that
    can detect GHB and Ketamine. All of this can be ordered on-line.

63
    SALVIA DIVINORUM

   Plant from the mint family that is used for its hallucinogenic
    effect.
   Intake: Chewing fresh leaves, drinking extracted juices,
    smoking/inhaling vapors
   Slang: Maria Pastora, Sally-D, Salvia
   Effects: hallucinations, loss of coordination, dizziness,
     slurred speech, uncontrollable laughter, panic, fear,
     body and object distortions, wild perceptions
In 2005, Louisiana was the first state to ban for consumption

64
                 SPICE/K2, SYNTHETIC
                 MARIJUANA

   Synthetic version of THC. Active ingredients are synthetic chemicals (cannabinoids) sprayed onto
    the plant material, over 700 research chemicals found. A Schedule II drug in Louisiana. Spice and
    K2 will not be detected in a standard drug test, such as a 5 Panel or 10 Panel.
   Typically labeled “not for human consumption.” In most countries around the world, including the
    United States, synthetic cannabis is illegal. Spice use is also banned for U.S. Military personnel. In
    2013, the DEA formally banned as a Class I drug. The action only covered a small number of
    chemicals, leaving dealers to use different chemicals. Thus, Legislation cannot keep up with the
    rapid change of chemicals.
   Intake: Smoked (joints, pipes, e-cigarettes), added to tea
   Slang: Over 600 names including Bliss, Black Mamba, Blaze, Bombay Blue, Fake Weed, Legal
    Weed, Genie, Zohai, Red X, Dawn Scooby Skunk, Snax, Mojo, Scooby Snax, Black Mamba and
    Annihilation.
   Effects: MORE DANGEROUS than real marijuana. Addictive, increases blood pressure and heart
    rate, causes paranoia, hallucinations, panic attacks, possible organ damage and death

65

66
STEROIDS

     Synthetically produced versions of testosterone; promotes muscle
      growth and enhances appearance and athletic performance.
     Intake: gels, creams, transdermal patches, tablets/capsules,
      injections
     Slang: Arnolds, Gear, Gym Candy, Juice, Pumpers, Roids,
      Stackers, Weight Gainers
     Effects: can stunt growth, enlarge breasts, and shrink
       testicles in males; can increase facial hair, body hair,
       acne, and deepens voice in females; mood swings,
       increases aggression, heart disease, liver damage,
       addiction

67
U-47700

   Synthetic opioid somewhat pink in color, NOT used
    medically
   Intake: Snorted, swallowed, injected
   Slang: Pinky, Pink, or U4
   Effects: cold and clammy skin, coma, sedation,
    numbness, respiratory failure/death (U-47700 was
    found in combination with fentanyl during the autopsy of the
    American guitarist Prince in 2016)

68
TEEN TRENDS

2020 University of Michigan survey of students in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades on their
behaviors and attitudes about substance use results the previous 12 months:
   2017 to 2019 - vaped nicotine almost daily for             2020 *-
         8th graders 7.5% to 16.5%,                                    8th graders - 16.6%
       10th graders from 15.8% to 30.7%                               10th graders - 30.7%
       12th graders from 18.8% to 35.3%                               12th graders - 34.5%
* February 11 through March 14, 2020, the MTF survey investigators collected 11,821 surveys in 112
schools before data collection stopped prematurely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The surveys from early
2020 represent about 25% of the sample size of a typical year’s data collection, gathered from a broad
geographic and representative sample, so the data were statistically weighted to provide national numbers.
The University of Michigan researchers are working with schools to deploy the survey in early 2021 to
gather data that will reflect substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic and related periods of social
distancing. NIH – National Institute on Drug Abuse 2021

69
TIK TOK BENADRYL CHALLENGE

     Benadryl is used normally as an antihistamine and blocks the cholinergic nervous
      system (responsible for saliva production, tear production, and facilitates
      functions like urination, heart rate, body temperature, brain functioning,
      and eye functioning.
     This challenge asks people to take more than 12 Benadryl tablets
      in order for them to “get high”.
     Can cause: High body temperature, blurred vision, unsteadiness,
      nausea/vomiting, confusion, high blood pressure, hallucinations, brain
      damage, seizures, heart attack, and even overdose.
     Benadryl is especially dangerous when it is taken in combination with pain
      relievers.

70
DANGEROUS TIK TOK SKULLBREAKER CHALLENGE,
CEREAL CHALLENGE, PENNY CHALLENGE

71
    DANGEROUS TEEN TRENDS
     continued…….
   Purple Drank or Sizzurp – mixture of cough syrup (codeine), jolly ranchers, and soda. When used with other drugs, it
    can be fatal.
   Huffing – putting cleaning fluids on a cloth or in a bag and breathing them. Effects the CNS and brain functioning. Can
    also cause liver and kidney damage and possibly death.
   Alcohol enemas/ Butt chugging – alcohol poured into the colon through the rectum. It delivers the alcohol directly to
    the bloodstream and can lead to blood poisoning and death.
   Drunkorexia – consuming small amounts of food during the day in order to leave room for consuming large amounts of
    alcohol later. It can lead to strong intoxication, blood sugar issues, serious hangovers, and lack of nutrients.
   Planking – competitive exercise that can ruin your health according to Harvard Health Publishing. Teens will lie on an
    object face down and trying to keep your balance for as long as possible, such as train tracks, escalators, tall rocks or
    carved statues, etc.
   Bath salts – contain MDPV and mephedrone. Snorting, injecting, or smoking bath salts can cause chest pain,
    hallucinations, paranoia, psychosis, etc.
   Vodka eyeballing

72
TRENDS continued

➢   Tide pod challenge - films themselves biting
    into one of the laundry detergent pods.                ➢ Duct tape challenge – taping to a pole and
                                                             person must get away
➢   Cinnamon challenge - requires someone to
    swallow a spoonful of cinnamon in 60 seconds           ➢ Choking game - limited strangulation to reduce
    without taking a drink of water (caustic)                oxygen to the brain, causing the participant to
                                                             faint
➢   Salt and ice challenge - the participant pour
    salt in their hand, add some ice cubes and see         ➢ Trunking – hiding underage kids in the trunk so
    how long they can hold the salt and ice together         not to violate curfew
    in a closed fist. Some require friends to hold the     ➢ Condom snorting
    salt and ice mixture against the participant’s skin.
    Whoever can endure the most pain — “wins.”             ➢ ChatRoulette – teens participating in
➢   Dipping and Juuling                                      anonymous online chatroom that reveals a
                                                             random person on the other side of the webcam,
➢   Online porn                                              unknown that they are being watched
➢   Sleeping with a smartphone – danger lies in            ➢ Vampire biting - biting each other, can
    notifications, radiation, limited sleep
                                                             purchase prosthetics

73
TRENDS continued

                   Sky walking - basically involves a photographer making his way to a
                   death-defying height, snapping a photo .. Many photographers are in their
                   teens, and unfortunately, with no sign of safety equipment
                   Car surfing - riding on the outside of a moving vehicle being driven by
                   another person. It has resulted in numerous deaths, predominantly caused
                   by head injuries.

                   Edibles - CannaHoney, MariButter, MariOil, Pot Chocolates, 420PCH
                   Chocolate Bar, Pot Roll, MJ Gummy, Ultra Chews, Ultra Gummies, Pot
                   Chips, Potle, MJBD Baking Products, CBDY, MEDSOD, Cannabol, A1 Oils,
                   Hermosa Farm, CBDerm and Presto Patch CAN ALL BE ORDERED ONLINE.
                   Others are cannabis suckers, gumdrops, and gummy bears, cookies,
                   “Healthy” pot granola, pot tea, and cannabis punch; Cannabis milk
                   chocolate, dark chocolate, and toffee chocolate; flavored CBD oil; Cannabis-
                   infused popcorn, candy corn, and popcorn toppings. Sublingual edibles are
                   made to move quickly into the bloodstream, creating a fast high.

FIRST RESPONDERS CAN SAFELY ADMINISTER                     74
NALOXONE

  Opioid Overdose Reversal with Naloxone (Narcan, Evzio)
 • A medication designed to rapidly reverse opioid
   overdose
 • It is an opioid antagonist—meaning that it binds
   to opioid receptors and can reverse and block the
   effects of other opioids.

 • Quickly restores normal respiration if breathing
   has slowed or stopped as a result of overdosing
   with heroin or prescription opioid pain
   medications.

CADDO SCHOOLS CONTACT             75
 for additional information

Dr. Barzanna White
Caddo Schools
  System Psychologist
318-603-6484
bwhite@caddoschools.org

                              IRELAND

76
    REFERENCES

➢   CDC Wonder, 2020                     ➢ National Institute on Alcohol Abuse
➢   Department of Justice/Drug             and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
    Enforcement Agency/ dea.gov
                                         ➢ National Institute on Drug Abuse
➢   Dr. Andrew Mendonsa, Psy. D., MBA,
    IME clinical and forensic            ➢ Safesupportivelearning.ed.gov
    psychologist                         ➢ Sprout Health Group
➢   Dr. Francis Rienzo, MD, East Coast
    Medical Director for Sprout Health   ➢ Statista.com
    Group
                                         ➢ Tall Cop
➢   Dr. S. Sroka
                                         ➢ Truth Initiative.org
➢   Get Smart About Drugs
                                         ➢ United States Department of Health and
➢   Getty Images                           Human Resources
➢   Harvard Health Publishing Medical
    School                               ➢ Newport Academy Teen Treatment Center

➢   Justthinktwice.gov                   ➢ Washington State University Department
                                           of Nursing
➢   Louisiana Legislature
    legiscan.com                         ➢ Youth.gov