A short history of funding and accomplishments post-Deepwater Horizon - The Water ...
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
A short history of funding and accomplishments
post-Deepwater Horizon
By
Jessica R. Henkel1 and Alyssa Dausman2
1) Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council, New Orleans, Louisiana; jessica.henkel@restorethegulf.gov
2) Water Institute of the Gulf, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; adausman@waterinstitute.org
I
t has been a decade since BP’s Deep- settlements in research and restoration in agreements related to criminal penal-
water Horizon (DWH) oil rig ex- the Gulf. For example, the $500 million BP ties between BP ($2.394 billion) and
ploded and sank on 20 April 2010, voluntarily dedicated to research through Transocean ($150 million) and the U.S.
killing eleven workers and spreading at the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Department of Justice. Provisions within
least 3.19 million barrels of crude into (GOMRI); the $500 million awarded to the the plea agreements directed a total of
the Gulf of Mexico (Graham et al. 2011; National Academy of Sciences, Engineer- $2.544 billion to NFWF over a five-year
Trustees Council 2016). In response to ing, and Medicine, Gulf Research Program period to be used to support natural re-
the spill, an estimated 1.84 million gal- (NASEM-GRP) resulting from two crimi- source projects in the five Gulf of Mexico
lons of dispersant was utilized (OSAT-1 nal settlements; the $100 million to the states (Figure 1).
2010). Initial efforts to stop the spill failed, North American Wetlands Conservation
Accomplishments
and the DWH oil spill lasted for 87 days, Fund related to fines from violation of the
Since 2013, NFWF-GEBF has awarded
resulting in the largest spill in United Migratory Bird Treaty Act; as well as other
over $1.4 billion for 164 projects (NFWF-
States history, the contamination of more settlements for billions in restoration to the
GEBF 2020). NFWF has worked closely
than 43,000 square miles of Gulf waters, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation’s
with state and federal resource agencies
and the oiling of at least 1,300 miles of Gulf Environmental Benefit Fund (NFWF-
to focus their restoration investments
coastal shoreline from Texas to Florida GEBF)(Figure 1).
where they would do the most good for
(US DOJ 2015).
With these dollars, the DWH tragedy fish, oysters, birds, marine mammals, sea
As a result of the DWH spill, Gulf has given way to an unparalleled oppor- turtles and other wildlife populations.
of Mexico ecosystems were devastated tunity to research, restore, and preserve
The awards NFWF-GEBF have made
and coastal economies were disrupted. the ecosystems of the Gulf of Mexico. This
to date are expected to enhance more
For example, natural resources such as paper provides a short review of the his-
than 100,000 acres of coastal habitats, that
coastal wetlands, sandy beaches, fish and tory and accomplishments of the largest
shellfish, sea turtles, birds, deep-sea cor- include more than 40 miles of shoreline,
funding allocations for research and res-
als, and other living coastal and marine 800 acres of oyster beds, 2,750 acres of
toration that have been made as a result of
life were greatly injured (Baker et al. 2017; each and dune habitat, and more than
the DWH oil spill. This history provides
NCRL 2019). As many as 105,400 sea 36,000 acres of marsh habitat (NFWF-
an important context for the publications
birds, 167,000 sea turtles, and 8.3 billion GEBF 2018). These activities have worked
included in this 10-year commemoration
oysters were lost and over 5,000 vertical to conserve coastal habitats and artificial
issue dedicated to Deepwater Horizon.
feet of water column was exposed to oil reef systems important to many species
RESTORATION FUNDING of Gulf fish, address light pollution and
and/or dispersant. Investigations into
National Fish and Wildlife protect important sea turtle nesting
public health effects on coastal residents
Foundation Gulf Environmental habitats, and protect critical rookery
and responders are ongoing (US DOJ
Benefit Fund (NFWF-GEBF) islands and beach nesting sites for birds.
2015; Trustees Council 2016).
Background In addition to the wildlife benefits of the
The oil spill triggered several criminal The National Fish and Wildlife Foun- NFWF-GEBF investments, these projects
and civil suits (Figure 1), including the dation (NFWF), a nonprofit “dedicated to also have generated immediate and long-
largest environmental settlement in U.S. sustaining, restoring and enhancing the term benefits to coastal communities
history — $20.8 billion — on 4 April 2016 nation’s fish, wildlife, plants and habitats that rely on the natural resources that
(Cruden et al. 2016), termed the “Global” for current and future generations,” has were impacted by the spill. For example,
settlement. The 2016 Global settlement been a conservation leader in the Gulf several NFWF-GEBF projects provide
ended all civil and criminal penalty claims of Mexico for more than two decades. restoration and protection for barrier
against the owners and operators of the Following the DWH oil spill, NFWF islands, beaches and marshes that protect
rig — BP, Anadarko, TransOcean and responded quickly, investing nearly $23 coastal communities from the effects of
Halliburton — under the Clean Water Act million between 2010 and 2012 through hurricanes (NFWF-GEBF 2018).
and the Oil Pollution Act. It also included the Recovered Oil Fund for Wildlife to
The NFWF-GEBF represents one of
economic damage claims submitted by the benefit the natural resources of the Gulf
the first major conservation and restora-
five Gulf states and their local governments Coast (NFWF-GEBF 2018). NFWF then
tion funding sources that arose as a result
(US DOJ 2015). The 2016 Global settle- launched the Gulf Environmental Ben-
of the DWH spill. Many of the activities
ment, to be paid out by BP over 15 years, efit Fund (GEBF) in 2013 in response
funded by the NFWF-GEBF since 2013
was in addition to other investments and to remedial orders contained in plea
Shore & Beach Vol. 88, No. 1 Winter 2020 Page 11government fund established in 1986 to
aid in oil spill removal and damage as-
sessment.
In addition to creating the Gulf Coast
Restoration Trust Fund, the RESTORE
Act established a new federal entity —
the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration
Council (RESTORE Council or Council).
The Council includes the governors of
the states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana,
Mississippi, and Texas, and the secretaries
of the U.S. Departments of Agriculture,
Army, Commerce, Homeland Security,
and the Interior, and is currently chaired
by the administrator of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
A total of $5.33 billion dollars resulted
from 80% of the CWA penalties going to
the Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund
(from a total penalty amount of $6.659
billion [plus interest], based on CWA
penalties of $1 billion [plus interest] from
Transocean Deepwater Inc. and related
entities; $159.5 million from Anadarko
Petroleum Corporation; and $5.5 billion
[plus interest] from BP). These funds are
dedicated to five priorities, commonly
referred to as “funding buckets”. Details
of each of these buckets are listed below:
Figure 1. This figure depicts n A “Direct Component,” managed
a timeline showing the date,
by the U.S. Treasury, for natural resource
amount and location of funding allocations
restoration or economic improvement
resulting from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH)
oil spill. Abbreviations: GOMRI = Gulf of efforts in the five Gulf states (35%, $1.86
Mexico Research Initiative; NRDA = Natural billion) (Bucket 1);
Resource Damage Assessment; CWA = n A “Council Selected Restoration
Clean Water Act; NFWF-GEBF = National Component” for a region-wide restora-
Fish and Wildlife Foundation Gulf tion effort to restore, protect and revi-
Environmental Benefit Fund; NASEM-GRP =
talize the Gulf Coast according to the
National Academies of Sciences,
RESTORE Council’s Comprehensive Plan
Engineering and Medicine, Gulf Research Program; OSLTF = Oil Spill
Liability Trust Fund; NAWCF = National Wetlands Conservation Fund; (Council 2016) (30%, $1.6 billion + 50%
GCRTF = Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund. interest) (Bucket 2);
n A “Spill Impact Component” for
will serve as a springboard for larger coast (Mabus 2010). Congress ultimately
planning and implementing approved
restoration investments and ecological passed the Resources and Ecosystem
state projects, programs, and activities
improvement in the Gulf in the years to Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities and
(30%, $1.6 billion) (Bucket 3);
come. Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast
States Act (RESTORE Act) in 2012. The n The “NOAA Restore Science Pro-
RESTORE Act: Restoration
RESTORE Act dedicates 80% of any civil gram” for research to support the long-
Background term sustainability of the Gulf ecosystem,
and administrative penalties paid under
On 5 October 2010, President Barack and the recreational, commercial, and
the CWA, after the date of enactment, by
Obama established the Gulf Coast Eco- charter fishing industry in the Gulf of
responsible parties in connection with the
system Restoration Task Force at the Mexico (2.5%, $133.3 million + 25%
Deepwater Horizon oil spill to the Gulf
recommendation of Ray Mabus, then interest) (Bucket 4); (Discussed under
Coast Restoration Trust Fund (GCRTF)
Secretary of the Navy and former Gov- “Research Funding”) and,
for ecosystem restoration, economic
ernor of the State of Mississippi (Mabus recovery, and tourism promotion in the
2010). Secretary Mabus also recom- n Establishing “Centers of Excellence”
Gulf Coast region (RESTORE Act 2012).
mended that Congress dedicate Clean in each Gulf state through competitive
The remaining 20% (or $1.33 billion)
Water Act (CWA) civil penalties collected subawards to nongovernmental orga-
went to the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund
as a result of the DWH spill to the Gulf nizations and academic institutions in
(listed as “OSLTF” in Figure 1), a general
Page 12 Shore & Beach Vol. 88, No. 1 Winter 2020the Gulf for science, monitoring, and “framework agreement” which BP termed matic damage assessment and restoration
technology (2.5%, $133.3 million + 25% “Early Restoration” (Figure 1). BP made plan and programmatic environmental
interest) (Bucket 5) (Discussed under $1 billion available for restoration projects impact statement in 2016 to restore the
“Research Funding”). and planning to begin restoring injured Gulf and allocate funds from the settle-
resources while injury and damage assess- ment with BP (Trustees Council 2016).
Accomplishments
ment was ongoing (with no agreement yet This document set five goals:
The variety of funding types available
on a final settlement). This was the first
through the RESTORE Act has resulted in n Restore and conserve habitat: $4.7
agreement of its type in the history of the
multiple areas of restoration accomplish- billion
damage assessment in the United States.
ments, but is also limited by the 15-year
Seven trustees — the five Gulf states, the n Restore water quality: $410 million
timeline of the BP payout (e.g. not eligible
U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) and
for large lump-sum investments). The n Replenish and protect coastal living
the National Oceanographic and Atmo-
U.S. Treasury has awarded more than resources: $1.8 billion
spheric Administration (NOAA) — col-
$335 million to activities in the five Gulf
laboratively worked together, with public n Provide and enhance recreational
states via Direct Component funding
involvement, to select and implement opportunities: $420 million
(Bucket 1) (U.S. Department of Treasury
projects with the $1 billion from Early
2019). These funds have gone towards the n Monitoring, adaptive management
Restoration funding resulting in five draft
planning and implementation of activi- and oversight: $1.5 billion
and final Early Restoration plans. (The
ties such as stormwater and wastewater
Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] Since the Global settlement, each TIG
improvement, county resiliency planning,
and the U.S. Department of Agriculture has been working to finalize restoration
coral reef restoration, as well as several
[USDA] were later added as trustees.) plans and implement projects that will
education and economic development
projects. In April 2016, there was a final DWH restore the natural resources injured by
consent decree where BP agreed to pay the DWH spill. As of December 2018, the
The RESTORE Council has awarded TIGs had expended approximately $555.3
the DWH Trustee Council up to $8.8 bil-
more than $250 million for projects and million for restoration activities (Trustees
lion (US DOJ 2016, this includes the $1
programs across the five Gulf States Council 2019a). The Trustees have been
billion allocated in Early Restoration, and
through its two funding buckets (Bucket working to implement similar restora-
$7.1 billion for restoration to be paid out
2 and 3) (Council 2019a). To date, these tion type projects across the broad ge-
over 15 years). In addition, up to an ad-
activities have resulted in the conserva- ographies of the Gulf of Mexico through
ditional $700 million will be provided for
tion of almost 7,500 acres of coastal coordinated and leveraged restoration
adaptive management and to respond to
habitat, the restoration of more than activities.3 In addition, the Trustees con-
natural resource damages unknown at the
1,800 acres of wetlands, and provided tinue to develop project-level guidelines
time of the consent decree. Following the
funding for multiple restoration plan- for monitoring and adaptive manage-
Global settlement, the Trustee Council
ning studies, monitoring coordination, ment of their funded projects (Trustees
established seven restoration areas of fo-
and education and engagement activities Council 2019b). Assessment and restora-
cus, and a Trustee Implementation Group
(Council 2019b). tion data generated by NRDA TIGs are
(TIG) for each area. The restoration areas
include each of the five Gulf states, plus available through the Data Integration,
Natural Resources Damages
region-wide and the open ocean.2 Visualization, Exploration, and Reporting
Assessment and Restoration Program
(DIVER) and Environmental Response
Background
Accomplishments Management Application (ERMA Ⓡ )
The oil spill also triggered a multi-
Early Restoration activities under tools. 4 A Cross-TIG Monitoring and
agency, multi-government regulatory
NRDA were intended to accelerate the Adaptive Management work group with
administrative process known as a natural
restoration of natural resources injured by representation by the nine Trustees was
resource damages assessment (NRDA).
the DWH spill, but not fully compensate established in part to synthesize and
Under the Oil Pollution Act, the NRDA
the public for all resulting injuries and evaluate monitoring information across
process has the goal of restoring natural
losses. Sixty-five projects with a total TIGs (Trustees Council 2019c).
resources and services to the condition
cost of approximately $877 million were
they would have been had the oil spill not RESEARCH FUNDING
selected by Early Restoration, intended
occurred (H.R. 1465 1990). This process Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative
to partially address injuries to nearshore
involves assessing the extent of harm (GOMRI)
resources, birds, fish, sea turtles, and
to natural resources, and the amount Background
recreational (Trustees Council 2016).
of money necessary to fund projects to Approximately one month after the oil
These projects included coastal habitat
replace or restore those resources and the spill began, while oil was still pouring into
restoration, resource-specific restoration,
services they provide (H.R. 1465 1990). the Gulf of Mexico, BP voluntarily com-
education, and infrastructure projects.
The natural resource damage assessment mitted $500 million over 10 years to initi-
and restoration process is implemented Following a five-year evaluation of the ate a research program primarily focused
by federal, state, and tribal natural re- damage, the Trustees issued a program- 3) Project level information, reports, and download-
source “trustees”1 acting on behalf of the 1) Trustees are selected by the President and the able data are available at www.gulfspillrestoration.
public. governors of the relevant states. 33 U.S.C. 2706(b). noaa.gov.
On 20 April 2011 (one year after the 2) Details regarding funding allocation and restora- 4) Additional information and searchable data avail-
tion areas are available at https://www.gulfspillres- able at https://www.diver.orr.noaa.gov, and https://
date of the spill), the government came to a toration.noaa.gov/restoration-areas. erma.noaa.gov/gulfofmexico/erma.html.
Shore & Beach Vol. 88, No. 1 Winter 2020 Page 13on funding researchers in the five Gulf In addition to establishing an un- the program granted approximately $25
states (Figure 1). The program, the Gulf precedented source of research data and million through 25 awards as well as 19
of Mexico Research Initiative (GOMRI), analysis for Gulf of Mexico habitats, fellowships, and in 2018 the program
administered by the Gulf of Mexico GOMRI has also funded public outreach funded 50 grants totaling almost $20
Alliance, has 20 board members and is efforts to translate and communicate re- million with 30 fellowships. Since its
completely independent of BP. GOMRI search findings to local communities, and inception, the program has funded over
objectives include the investigation of trained the next generation of scientists $62 million total in research and fellow-
the impacts of the oil and dispersants across the Gulf and beyond. ships (DWH Project Tracker 2020). In
on the ecosystems of the Gulf within the addition, the NASEM-GRP has funded
National Academies of Sciences,
context of improving our fundamental several consensus studies to help inform
Engineering and Medicine Gulf
understanding of the dynamics of oil their work and advance their goals. In
Research Program (NASEM GRP)
spills and the associated environmental 2018, the program funded studies to
stresses and public health implications Background improve understanding of community
(GOMRI 2019a). The National Academies of Sciences, resilience, chemical dispersant use in oil
Engineering and Medicine Gulf Research spill response, effective mentoring, the
Accomplishments Program (NASEM-GRP) was funded coupled natural-human system, and the
Moving into 2020, the 10-year re- $500 million total from two criminal Gulf of Mexico Loop Current System
search program will be sunsetting in the settlements in 2013 (Figure 1) to enhance (NASEM-GRP 2018).
near future. GOMRI has made significant offshore energy system safety, human
accomplishments in eight Core Areas: health, and environmental resources Because of the diverse nature of the
in the Gulf of Mexico region and other program, the NASEM-GRP supports
n Core Area 1: Plume & Circulation interdisciplinary research and engages
U.S. outer continental shelf regions that
Observations & Modeling a wide variety of researchers from aca-
support offshore energy production. The
n Core Area 2: Fate of Oil & Weath- settlement funds are to be expended over demic, industry, government, and non-
ering: Biological & Physical-Chemical a 30-year time period. profits. The program also has robust data
Degradation management and delivery requirements
Four initiatives advance the Gulf Re- ensuring that all funded grants make
n Core Area 3: Ecological/Ecosystem search Program: all data publicly available in approved
Impacts repositories. Given the 30(+) year life-
n Healthy Ecosystems
n Core Area 4: Human Health and span of the NASEM-GRP, the program
n Thriving Communities will continue to play a critical role in
Socioeconomic Impacts
n Safer Offshore Energy Systems training future scientists and supporting
n Core Area 5: Ecosystem Services, interdisciplinary research and activities
Human Health and Socioeconomic n Capacity Building that advance oil systems safety, commu-
Impacts nity resilience, and healthy ecosystems in
The NASEM-GRP advances these
n Core Area 6: Microbiology, Metage- initiatives through grant opportunities, the Gulf for several decades.
nomics & Bioinformatics fellowship programs, consensus studies, RESTORE Act: Research
and collaboration and outreach efforts. Background
n Core Area 7: Integrated/Linked
The NASEM-GRP includes an Advisory As mentioned above, a total of $5.3
Modeling System
Board of 20-25 appointed experts that billion dollars resulted from 80 percent
n Core Area 8: Knowledge Exchange provide intellectual and strategic leader- of the CWA penalties going to the Gulf
with User Communities: Lessons Learned ship to the NASEM-GRP staff and fellows Coast Ecosystem Restoration Trust Fund.
and Operational Advice (NASEM-GRP 2018). In addition to on-the-ground restora-
GOMRI has funded almost $400 mil- Accomplishments tion planning and implementation, the
lion in research, brought together over In 2014 the NASEM-GRP developed RESTORE Act allocated funding for
2,500 scientists, has produced over 1,000 a strategic vision to guide its future in research and innovation via the NOAA
peer-reviewed journal publications, and implementing the program (NASEM- RESTORE Science Program and Centers
resulted in over 2,100 datasets all made GRP 2014). By 2015, the program began of Excellence funding (Buckets 4 and 5):
publicly available through the Gulf of implementing the vision and granted The NOAA RESTORE Science Pro-
Mexico Research Initiative Information over $6.5 million through investments gram for research to support the long-
and Data Cooperative (GRIIDC) (GOM- in capacity building and exploratory, term sustainability of the Gulf ecosystem,
RI 2019b). GOMRI founded GRIIDC synthesis, capacity building, research- and the recreational, commercial, and
with the requirement that all GOMRI- practice, and research and development charter fishing industry in the Gulf of
funded research data is uploaded and grants. The program continued increas- Mexico (2.5%, $133.3 million + 25%
available to other researchers and the ing research investments in 2016, includ- interest) (Bucket 4); and
public, becoming a resource to many ing a joint venture with the Robert Wood
around the Gulf of Mexico and the world. Johnson Foundation to enhance commu- Establishing “Centers of Excellence”
GRIIDC also accepts data from other nity resilience, as well as 20 fellowships to in each Gulf state through competitive
funded research programs. GRIIDC is advance early career scientists. In 2017, subawards to nongovernmental orga-
currently a repository for almost 2,700 5) Additional information and searchable data nizations and academic institutions in
datasets from 292 research groups.5 available at https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org. the Gulf for science, monitoring, and
Page 14 Shore & Beach Vol. 88, No. 1 Winter 2020technology (2.5%, $133.3 million + 25% realized. These collaborative efforts have ment Inventory of Existing Water Quality
interest) (Bucket 5). been particularly active in working to Monitoring, Habitat Monitoring, and
align monitoring and data management Mapping Program Metadata in the Gulf
Accomplishments efforts in the Gulf. Below we highlight a of Mexico. This inventory integrated and
Beginning in 2015, the NOAA RE- few of these efforts. expanded upon existing monitoring da-
STORE Science Program has conducted tabases (i.e. Ocean Conservancy, Global
three funding competitions which have The Gulf of Mexico Restoration and
Change Monitoring Portal, and GOMA)
provided $35 million to 26 teams of Science Program Coordination Forum
to develop a more comprehensive direc-
researchers and resource managers for (GRSP), chaired by the NOAA RESTORE
tory of active and inactive monitoring and
activities aimed to support the science Science Program, serves as a venue for
mapping programs in the Gulf of Mexico.
and coordination necessary for a bet- Gulf science programs to communicate
Ultimately the information collected will
ter understanding and management of on-going and future activities and pro-
be made publicly accessible via a geo-
the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem (NOAA mote coordination of joint activities that
referenced, quality assured and controlled
RESTORE 2019). These teams and their address shared issues across program
inventory of key water quality and habitat
projects were selected using a competitive (NOAA RESTORE 2018). The Coor-
monitoring metadata for Gulf programs.
selection process that includes review by dination Forum also publishes an an-
This feature is planned for completion in
panels of outside experts, and feedback nual funding calendar that consolidates
2020 (NOAA and USGS 2019).
from resource managers and other end planned funding opportunities across all
users (NOAA RESTORE 2018). Col- DWH programs.6 CONCLUSIONS
lectively, these awards demonstrate the According to the Deepwater Horizon
The DWH Long Term Data Manage-
NOAA RESTORE Science Program’s Project Tracker Tool8 which tracks all
ment (LTDM) Coordination working
commitment to producing timely and reported restoration, conservation, and
group was established in 2017 to foster
high-quality scientific findings and science funding investments since the
collaboration, data sharing and best
products to support the management DWH oil spill, over 1,200 projects have
management practices among the many
and sustainability of the Gulf of Mexico been implemented totaling over $4 bil-
groups working in coastal restoration
ecosystem, including its fisheries. lion and leveraging over $500 million
and research in the Gulf of Mexico. This
(DWH Project Tracker 2020). This is a
The RESTORE Act Centers of Ex- working group is facilitated by the Coastal
significant investment considering the
cellence (COE) have research grant Research Response Center at the Univer-
“Global” settlement was in 2016 and is
programs stood up in Texas, Louisiana, sity of New Hampshire in partnership
limited by a 15-year payout from BP (the
Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. While with National Oceanic and Atmospheric
final payment is scheduled in 2032). By
each state is allocated $26.66 million in Administration (NOAA).7
2032 it is expected that more than $17.5
settlement funds for the COE (subject
In 2015, the RESTORE Council billion will have been made available for
to the BP payout), every state’s COE is
funded the Council Monitoring and restoration, conservation, and science to
slightly different, for example there are
Assessment Program (CMAP). CMAP, the Gulf of Mexico (this number does
two established in Texas. The research
which is administered jointly by NOAA not include the economic settlements).
grant programs are set up to essentially
and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), While much has been accomplished 10
support each state in filling research
funded activities that include the develop- years post-spill, the Gulf of Mexico is still
gaps related to their restoration and
ment of basic, foundational components at the early stages of post-DWH recovery.
management decisions around the Gulf
for Gulf-wide monitoring to measure Significant governance challenges – mul-
of Mexico. Up until now, 50 grants have
beneficial impacts of investments in tiple responsible parties, settlements, and
been funded in the five states totaling
Gulf restoration by the Council (Council decision-making entities — have been
more than $14.5 million and leverag-
2015). The program, in coordination with met with a willing community around the
ing more than $350,000 (DWH Project
the Gulf of Mexico Alliance (GOMA) Gulf of Mexico to coordinate and be good
Tracker 2020).
and through collaboration with the Gulf stewards of the funding and opportunity
SCIENCE COOPERATION AND states, federal and local partners, aca- presented. Continued accomplishments
COORDINATION ACROSS demia, non-governmental organizations, in restoration and science are expected
FUNDING STREAMS AND and business and industry, has leveraged to be significant over the coming 10 years
ORGANIZATIONS existing resources, capacities, and exper- as funds are made available, moving the
While each of the organizations and tise and builds on existing monitoring Gulf of Mexico towards recovery from
agencies funded as a result of the DWH data and programs. One of the highlights the spill. In addition, the lessons learned
oil spill settlement are addressing differ- of the CMAP project is the development in research, restoration and multi-agency
ent research and restoration needs in the of the Council Monitoring and Assess- coordination through DWH funded
Gulf of Mexico, all of the funding agencies 6) Available at https://restoreactscienceprogram.
activities can provide lasting benefits to
described here have taken part in active noaa.gov/funding-opportunities/funding-oppor- other large-scale, multi-agency efforts,
cooperation and collaboration efforts to tunities-2019-2021. restoration or otherwise, in the Gulf
ensure DWH funds are leveraged, and 7) Additional information on this working group region and beyond for decades to come.
the potential for this funding is fully available at https://crrc.unh.edu/data_management
as well as elsewhere in this Journal issue. 8) Available at: https://dwhprojecttracker.org/.
Shore & Beach Vol. 88, No. 1 Winter 2020 Page 15REFERENCES
Baker, M.C., M.A. Steinhoff, and G.F. Fricano, 2017. Term Recovery Plan After the Deepwater sub-surface oil and dispersant detection:
“Integrated effects of the Deepwater Horizon Horizon Oil Spill.” Accessed 5 September Sampling and monitoring.” (TREX-012237).
oil spill on nearshore ecosystems.” Marine 2019; http://www.restorethegulf.gov/sites/ Prepared for Paul F. Zukunft, Federal On-
Ecology Progress Series. 576, 219-234. https:// default/files/documents/pdf/gulf-recovery- Scene Coordinator, Deepwater Horizon
doi.org/10.3354/meps11920. sep-2010.pdf MC252. Accessed 17 December 2019; http://
Council (Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration National Academies of Science, Engineering and www.dep.state.fl.us/deepwaterhorizon/files2/
Council), 2015. “Resources and Ecosystems Medicine, Gulf Research Program (NASEM- osat_report_17dec.pdf
Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities, and GRP), 2014. “The Gulf Research Program, A Resources and Ecosystem Sustainability, Tourist
Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Strategic Vision.” Washington, DC: The Na- Opportunities and Revived Economies of the
Act (RESTORE Act) Initial Funded Priori- tional Academies Press. Accessed 12 October Gulf Coast States Act (RESTORE Act), 2012.
ties List.” Accessed 15 January 2020; https:// 2019; http://www.nationalacademies.org/gulf/ Pub. L. No. 112-141, §§ 1601–1608, 126 Stat.
www.restorethegulf.gov/council-selected- vision/index.htm 405, 588–607. 6 July 2012 (partially codified
restoration-component/initial-2015-funded- National Academies of Science, Engineering and at 33 U.S.C. § 1321(t) & note).
priorities-list Medicine, Gulf Research Program (NASEM- Trustees Council (DWH NRDA), 2016. “Final
Council (Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration GRP). 2018. The Gulf Research Program Programmatic Damage Assessment and Res-
Council), 2016. “Comprehensive Plan Up- Annual Report 2018. Washington, DC: toration Plan and Final Environmental Impact
date.” Accessed 5 September 2019; https:// The National Academies Press. https://doi. Statement (PEIS).” Accessed 5 September
restorethegulf.gov/sites/default/files/CO- org/10.17226/25459 2019; https://www.gulfspillrestoration.noaa.
PL_20161208_CompPlanUpdate_English. National Fish and Wildlife Federation Gulf En- gov/restoration-planning/gulf-plan
pdf. vironmental Benefit Fund (NFWF-GEBF), Trustees Council (DWH NRDA), 2019a. “Deepwa-
Council, 2019a. “Agency Financial Report Fiscal 2018. “Five Year Report 2013-2018.” Ac- ter Horizon Trustee Council Annual Financial
Year 2019.” Accessed 9 October 2019; https:// cessed 4 October 2019; https://www.nfwf. Summary Report.” Accessed 14 October 2019;
restorethegulf.gov/reports/performance-and- org/whoweare/mediacenter/Documents/ https://www.gulfspillrestoration.noaa.gov/
accountability-reports gebf-five-year-report-2018.pdf sites/default/files/2019_05_TC_Deepwa-
Council, 2019b. 2019 “Annual Report to Congress.” National Fish and Wildlife Federation Gulf Environ- ter%20Horizon%20Trustee%20Council%20
Accessed 9 October 2019; https://restoretheg- mental Benefit Fund (NFWF-GEBF), 2020. 2018%20Financial%20Summary%20Report.
ulf.gov/reports/annual-reports-congress “Gulf Environmental Benefit Fund Projects.” pdf
Cruden, J.C., S. O’Rourke, and S.D. Himmelhoch, Accessed 9 January 2020; https://www.nfwf. Trustees Council (DWH NRDA), 2019b. “Updated
2016. “The Deepwater Horizon oil spill liti- org/gulf/pages/gulf-projects.aspx Monitoring and Adaptive Management Man-
gation: proof of concept for the manual for NOAA Central Library (NCRL), 2019. NCRL ual, Appendix E.” Accessed 14 October 2019;
complex litigation and the 2015 amendments “Mesophotic and Deep Sea Corals in the https://www.gulfspillrestoration.noaa.gov/
to the federal rules of civil procedure.” 6 Mich. Gulf of Mexico -- Impacts from Deepwater sites/default/files/2019-08%20MAM_Manu-
J. Envtl. & Admin. L. 65. http://repository.law. Horizon,” Bibliography. Compiled by Shinn, al_Updated%202019_Attachment_E_Com-
umich.edu/mjeal/vol6/iss1/3 H. Accessed 10 January 2020; ftp://ftp. plete.pdf)
DWH Project Tracker, 2020. “Project Tracker library.noaa.gov/noaa_documents.lib/OAR/ Trustees Council (DWH NRDA), 2019c. “Accessing
Download, January 2020.” Accessed 10 Janu- NCRL/NCRL_subject_guides/NCRL_sub- Project Information, June 2019.” Accessed 14
ary 2020; https://dwhpt-duinc.hub.arcgis.com ject_guide_2019-10.pdf October 2019; https://www.gulfspillrestora-
Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GOMRI), 2019a. NOAA and USGS, 2019. “Council Monitoring tion.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/2019-06%20
“GOMRI History.” Accessed 14 October 2019; and Assessment Program (CMAP): Inven- TC%20TIG%20Factsheet%20Website%20
https://gulfresearchinitiative.org/about- tory of Existing Habitat and Water Quality and%20Data_508.pdf
gomri/gri-history/ Monitoring, and Mapping Metadata for Gulf U.S. Department of Justice (US DOJ), 2015. “U.S.
Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GOMRI), 2019b. of Mexico Programs.” National Oceanic and and five Gulf states reach historic settlement
“GOMRI Synthesis and Legacy.” Accessed 14 Atmospheric Administration and U.S. Geo- with BP to resolve civil lawsuit over Deepwater
October 2019; https://gulfresearchinitiative. logical Survey. NOAA NOS NCCOS Technical Horizon oil spill.” Accessed 5 September 2019;
org/gomri-synthesis/ Memorandum 262. Silver Spring, MD. 155 pp. https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/us-and-five-
Graham, B., W.K Reillym, F. Beinecke, D.F. Boesch, https://doi.org/10.25923/ gwpx-ff30 gulf-states-reach-historic-settlement-bp-
T.D. Garcia, C.A. Murray, and F. Ulmer, NOAA RESTORE Science Program, 2018. “Science resolve-civil-lawsuit-over-deepwater
2011. “Deep Water: The Gulf Oil Disaster to Action in the Gulf of Mexico -- NOAA U.S. Department of Justice (US DOJ). 2016. District
and the Future of Offshore Drilling. National RESTORE Science Program, 2013-2018.” Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana
Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Accessed 9 October 2019; https://cdn.coast- (USDC). In re: Oil Spill by the Oil Rig “Deep-
Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling.” Accessed 5 alscience.noaa.gov/restore/Restore_Scienc- water Horizon” in the Gulf of Mexico, on
September 2019; http://permanent.access. eToAction_2013-2018.pdf April 20, 2010. MDL No. 2179. Accessed 14
gpo.gov/gpo2978/DEEPWATER_Report- NOAA RESTORE Science Program, 2019. “Funded October 2019; https://www.justice.gov/enrd/
tothePresident_FINAL.pdf Projects.” Accessed 9 October 2019; https:// file/838066/download
H.R.1465, 1990. “Oil Pollution Act of 1990.” Ac- restoreactscienceprogram.noaa.gov/funded- U.S. Department of Treasury. 2019. “Direct Compo-
cessed 14 October 2019; https://www.con- projects nent.” Accessed 9 October 2019; https://www.
gress.gov/bill/101st-congress/house-bill/1465 Operational Science Advisory Team (OSAT-1), treasury.gov/services/restore-act/Pages/Di-
Mabus, R., 2010. “America’s Gulf Coast: A Long 2010. “Summary report for sub-sea and rect%20Component/Direct-Component.aspx
Page 16 Shore & Beach Vol. 88, No. 1 Winter 2020You can also read
