A comparison of UAE telecom brands, from a brand intimacy perspective - MBLM

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A comparison of UAE telecom brands, from a brand intimacy perspective - MBLM
A comparison of UAE telecom brands,
  from a brand intimacy perspective
A comparison of UAE telecom brands, from a brand intimacy perspective - MBLM
Testing the spectrum

Goal
When it comes to building and        With the rise of social media
creating brand intimacy, the         and increasing demand for
telecom industry is challenging.     mobile data, this local duopoly
Our research has shown telecom       was challenged to create
consumers are price- and offer-      new offerings that are cheap,
driven, meaning brands have          convenient and attractive for
few opportunities to cultivate       the growing demographic of
intimacy based on unique factors.    the young and tech savvy. In
In addition, every small detail      2017, Etisalat launched swyp,
beyond basic functionality can       and Virgin Mobile entered the
dilute the customer experience,      market building on du’s network.
exponentially impacting the          These newcomers claim to
strength of a brand’s bond with      offer a new way forward for the
customers.                           mobile telecom industry in the
As our annual study continues to     UAE. But which brand, if any,
reveal, the greater the intimacy     has really captured the hearts
between brand and consumer,          of consumers and created an
the less likely consumers are        authentic emotional connection?
to switch. In a price and feature
dominant industry, we wanted to      Challenge & methods
examine the UAE telecom brands
to see who performs best and         MBLM is an agency comprised
why.                                 of many digital natives, and the
                                     nature of our work demands that
                                     we stay connected constantly.
Context
                                     We examined each of the four
The UAE has embraced the digital     telecom brands’ prepaid services
revolution, building connectivity    to find out if there really is a
and accessibility to international   better mobile experience in
digital networks and transitioning   UAE—and whether, or not, any
towards e-government services        of the brands could forge a more
to support the growth of its         intimate relationship with us.
economy. Known for its high          To do this, we purchased
per-capita GDP, and with an          products and services at each
abundance of youth and expat         brand to experience first-hand
consumers, the UAE’s telecom         how well they delivered on their
services have been at the            promise and positioning.
forefront of the latest and best.
The industry has been dominated
since the inception of mobile
by Etisalat, with competitor du
acting as a foil since 2007.
                                                                        Did you know?
                                                                        Globally, the UAE ranks:
                                                                        • First in the total population covered by at least a 3G
                                                                          mobile network (100% coverage)[1]
                                                                        • Second in the number of mobile broadband
                                                                          subscriptions (156 subscriptions per 100 people)[2]
                                                                        • Eleventh in the number of Internet users in the total
                                                                          population (90.6%)[2]

UAE telecom brands field notes                                                                                                     2
A comparison of UAE telecom brands, from a brand intimacy perspective - MBLM
The brands

Established                         Established                          Established                      Established
February 2007                       September 2017                       January 2017                     October 1976

Tagline                             Tagline                              Tagline                          Tagline
Add Life to Life                    The New Mobile Experience            Mobile Made Simple               Together Matters

Brand promise/vision                Brand promise/vision                 Brand promise/vision             Brand promise/vision
To Enhance Your Life Anytime,       Your Lifestyle Companion             The Future of Mobile             Driving the Digital Future
Anywhere

The review criteria
For our field notes review, we focused on how each brand delivered on its promise
through its essence, story and experience. Specifically we reviewed:

Registration                        Purchase and usage                   Mobile applications              Customer service
Sign-up requirements, ease of       Sign-up costs, plan value and        Complexity of sign-in, design,   Ease of contact, clarity of
registration, sign up costs, time   flexibility, over use and add-on     breadth of functionality         communications, issue
for SIM activation                  charges, network connectivity                                         resolution

Marketing campaigns                 Website content                      Social media                     In-store experience
A selection of the brands’ latest   Following the steps to get a         Brand presence and               Overall impressions and
campaigns across different          prepaid line via the website         communications on Twitter,       customer service at the store,
channels                                                                 Facebook and Instagram           where available

UAE telecom brands field notes                                                                                                             3
A comparison of UAE telecom brands, from a brand intimacy perspective - MBLM
Ranked 10th overall in the telecom industry
in our most recent Brand Intimacy Study,
Etisalat is the UAE’s incumbent provider.
Its promise of innovation is compelling, yet it
may be too ambitious to implement across
products and channels.

Essence                              Experience
Etisalat’s influence is visible      Etisalat’s consumer-driven
everywhere in the UAE,               message is replicated in its
from its infrastructure to its       physical and digital channels                                                           Etisalat      Etisalat

sponsorships and consumer            with consistent visual branding
advertising. The brand’s promise     and a uniform voice throughout
invokes the power of digitizing      materials. However, in a city                                                           Etisalat      Etisalat

communities and businesses.          inundated with convenient online
It is currently ranked as the 12th   services, a key digital strategy
most intimate brand across           should be online registration, but
                                     Etisalat has yet to implement
                                                                                                                             Etisalat      Etisalat
all industries in the 35-64 age
category. With millennials,          this for prepaid customers.          ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQSTUVWXYZ          ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQSTUVWXYZ
                                                                          abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz         abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
however, Etisalat is ranked
                                     Within their brick and mortar        !@#$%ˆ& 1234567890                 !@#$%ˆ& 1234567890
in the 45th position.
                                     stores, Etisalat representatives
The Etisalat brand offers a          helped address our needs,
compelling promise, it has a         asking about our usage patterns
clear purpose and its identity is    to provide tailored service
distinctive. The brand is clearly    and information. However,
delineated and has an ownable        this industry is very much
force of attraction implemented      offer-driven, and customer
across its digital and physical      representatives focused more
environments.                        on upselling than on the
                                     services that would make life                                        Etisalat                             Etisalat

Story                                easier. The brand also has a
                                     dedicated street sales team
Etisalat’s brand narrative           across the city, but their
leverages its legacy as a premier    knowledge of Etisalat’s offerings
national brand–one that has          is restricted to the specific
shaped the communications            product they are promoting.
landscape and is determined
to helping consumers across          The brand’s mobile application
the UAE. Occasionally, this          and website are designed
message adopts a feature driven      to cover its wide range of
approach that covers every           services and functions. While
digital need, underlined with the    comprehensive, site navigation
brand’s vision of empowering         and information hierarchy suffer,
people. Etisalat delivers on its     as a result, making it difficult
promise through its breadth of       to find information and
offerings, but how its messaging     challenging the brand’s promise
differentiates between its           of a digital future.                                                                                      Etisalat

wide range of prepaid plans is
                                     The experience of using

                                                                                       +
convoluted, and its distinction
                                     Etisalat’s network was seamless,
between types of data (social
                                     with excellent connectivity
and general-use) is confusing:
                                     throughout Dubai. But when
both are at odds with the                                                 • A wide range of home and            • No online registration and
                                     it came to post-sale service
message of empowerment.
                                     interactions, representatives          mobile solutions                      SIM delivery for prepaid
                                     gave us different solutions                                                  mobile services
                                                                          • Strong nation-wide mobile
                                     or could offer no immediate
                                     resolution. The experience             connectivity                        • Limited flexibility due to a
                                     was time-consuming and                                                       clear distinction between
                                                                          • Consistent store design and
                                     frustrating, creating barriers to                                            social media and general use
                                                                            experience administered
                                     communication and indifference                                               data
                                                                            by store customer
                                     towards the brand.
                                                                            representatives                     • Weak customer service
                                                                                                                  communication and lack
                                                                                                                  of issue resolution

UAE telecom brands field notes                                                                                                                            4
A comparison of UAE telecom brands, from a brand intimacy perspective - MBLM
This new contender differentiates through a
                                                                        focus on a lifestyle proposition.

                                                                        Essence                              Experience
                                                                        Positioning itself as the            swyp’s mobile application is
                                                                        “companion brand to your             multi-functional and user-
                                                                        lifestyle”, swyp promises users      friendly, save for some minor
                                                                        a rewarding experience and a         bugs. The app experience
                                                                        sense of belonging; however,         was worthy of the brand’s
                                                                        its product is only available to     ‘companion’ identity.
                                                                        consumers ages 15 to 29. swyp
                                                                        entered the UAE market in 2017,      swyp’s online registration and
                                                                 swyp
                                                                        so we don’t yet have data on its     SIM delivery seemed convenient
                                                                        brand intimacy with consumers        and helpful, but our SIM card
                                                                        in the target group.                 took two weeks to arrive, and
                                                                                                             customer care wasn’t helpful.
                                                                        Catering to the young modern         And while swyp’s membership
                                                                        customer, the brand provides a       plan offers value and provides an
                                                                        prepaid-only, social media- and      enhanced social experience,
                                                                        lifestyle-focused product. As        it comes at a cost: other services
                                                                        Etisalat’s youth-only brand, it is   such as minutes, SMS and
                          swyp                                   swyp
                                                                        reliant on Etisalat’s product and    general data are all treated
                                                                        service infrastructure.              as add-ons.

                                                                        Story                                Our interactions with customer
                                                                                                             service started with a warm
                                                                        swyp adopts a youthful and           greeting by name, but we faced
                                                                        quirky tone across its brand         long call holds and follow-ups
                                                                        narrative. It also connects          that never occurred. Speaking
                                                                        and creates dialog with its          to swyp’s alternate Etisalat
                                                                        audience through social media        helpline was even worse, as the
                                                                        engagement. Similar to other         Etisalat team couldn’t find our
                                                                        brands, its overarching message      registration details at all. We
                                                                 swyp   hinges on the concept of             expected superior service to
                                                                        empowering users and helping         align to the promise of being
                                                                        them get what they need, but the     a companion, and the brand

                    +                                                   underlying details of its various
                                                                        offers sometimes become
                                                                                                             didn’t deliver.

                                                                        unclear and difficult to discern     Overall, swyp offers some
   • The low-cost membership      • Call minutes and general
                                                                        through the tone of voice.           attractive features for users
     plan is accessible for its     data offerings are treated
                                                                                                             in its target demographic, but
     target audience                as add-ons
                                                                        swyp’s principal offering is its     flaws like lost registration details
   • A wide range of customer     • Lack of balance between             monthly “membership plan” with       and a two-week wait for a SIM
     experiences in the form of     fun youthful language, and          5GB of social data and “perks”       card drastically reduced the
     perks, reward system and       clarity in describing the           (discounts and buy-one-get-          brand’s opportunities to build
     competitions that come         brand’s offering                    one offers) at multiple retail       intimacy with us.
     with the membership                                                and F&B outlets. The service
                                  • Reliance on Etisalat
   • Option to use Etisalat         prevents swyp from having           is differentiated, has a clear
     recharge cards is a            a clear and distinct brand          audience in mind, and aligns with
     welcome feature for                                                the brand’s ‘lifestyle companion’
     teenagers with no bank                                             promise, offering plenty of
     accounts                                                           advantages for those who truly
                                                                        care to track and use discounts.

UAE telecom brands field notes                                                                                                                      5
A comparison of UAE telecom brands, from a brand intimacy perspective - MBLM
This global player has brought its digital-first
approach to the UAE, with online registration
and SIM delivery.

Essence                                Experience
Promising the “future of mobile”,      Virgin Mobile’s story of total
Virgin Mobile takes cues from          user control is evident in the
its family of brands, claiming to      sign-up experience: users can
deliver a different experience         immediately search for and
than what customers have               choose their own numbers,
become used to. This promise           and DIY mobile plans make
hinges on customizability,             choosing data, minutes and SMS
flexibility and the immediacy          configurations incredibly flexible,
of services, offered through           while still staying transparent
digital app-only registration          and straightforward. While the        Virgin Mobile
and account servicing. Because         six and twelve-month payment
Virgin Mobile is a newcomer            periods offer great value, the
to the UAE market, we don’t            story of control does falter
yet have brand intimacy data           a little, as there is no refund
on the brand; however, we              offered upon cancellation.
anticipate that it will score highly
with millennial users, who are         Virgin Mobile’s investment in
typically digital-first themselves.    its digital medium is evident,
                                       providing a simple, fast and
Story                                  hassle-free experience while          Virgin Mobile                                                 Virgin Mobile

                                       registering for, ordering and
Virgin Mobile concentrates its         maintaining our service.
messaging on social and digital        Interesting details included
channels in an attempt to appeal       live tracking of our quick and
to millennials and tech-savvy          efficient SIM delivery and
consumers. Virgin Mobile’s             straightforward usage and
narrative is centered around how       billing views.
its mobile plans and application
offer total user control. The          At the time of our review, the
brand’s story focuses less on          only way to contact help was
user lifestyle and places more         through the in app-chat function.
emphasis on value-based                This option was only offered
                                                                             Virgin Mobile
benefits and convenience.              during business hours on
Occasionally, this narrative           weekdays—a major downside.
ties into other Virgin Group           However, we did find replies to
offerings present in the UAE,          be quick and straight forward.

                                                                                             +
helping a brand with various           The customer care was also
disparate verticals create             consistent, with representatives
a more unified voice.                  prompt in understanding and            • DIY plans ensure you pay for      • Lack of refund policy
                                       addressing our issues, whether           what you want                       and up-front payments
                                       live or through follow-up emails.                                            don’t align with the ‘no
                                                                              • One hour delivery means you
                                                                                                                    commitments’ messaging
                                       Overall, the brand offers UAE            get a sim immediately with
                                       consumers a fresh experience.            no need to go to a store          • No process for customers
                                       With a strong essence and story,                                             to generate invoices for past
                                                                              • Distinct identity from du
                                       and with many aspects of the                                                 months
                                                                                that is built on the innovative
                                       experience aligned, the potential        Virgin brand narrative
                                       of developing an intimate bond
                                       with users seemed much higher
                                       than with any other brand.

UAE telecom brands field notes                                                                                                                             6
A comparison of UAE telecom brands, from a brand intimacy perspective - MBLM
Ranked 9th overall in the telecom sector of
                                                                            our most recent Brand Intimacy Study, du
                                                                            is the UAE’s second oldest mobile brand. It
                                                                            pledges to delight customers and enhance
                                                                            their lives, but faces challenges similar to that
                                                                            of its larger competitor.

                                                                            Essence                                   Experience
                                                                            du was launched to break a                du’s message of consumer
                                                                            monopoly and facilitate growth            convenience is realized through
                                                  du              du

                                                                            within the telecom sector by              its online registration and SIM
                                                  du              du
                                                                            giving customers more choice.             delivery, while its website and
                                                                            The brand promises to “enhance            app offer a full suite of functions
                                                                            your life anytime” by delighting          that track all requisite services.
                                                  du              du        customers and improving quality           However, rather than delighting
                                                                            of life at every moment with a            us, the website’s breadth
      ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQSTUVWXYZ
      abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz                                            broad suite of telecom services.          of information and complex
      !@#$%ˆ& 1234567890                                                                                              hierarchy made navigation
                                                                            In our Brand Intimacy Study,              challenging. The mobile app
                                                                            du ranks 7th among all brands             imposed unexpected redirects
                                                                            across industries within the              to the website and suffered from
                                                                            35-64 years old category. With            bugs that slowed us down. Our
                                                                            millennials, it tumbles to 31st.          registration experience also
                                                                            While its original launch in 2007         weakened the brand narrative.
                                                                            may have brought exciting new             A timed page prompted us
                                                                            changes to how the industry               to change our chosen number
                                                                            worked, such as seconds-based             multiple times, and we
                                                                            call billing and data-plan flexibility,   were forced to purchase
                                                                            its prepaid offering in 2018              recharge cards.
                                                                            doesn’t match that promise.
                                                                                                                      Our interactions with customer
                                                                            Story                                     care failed to deliver on the
                                                                                                                      promise of enhancement: du’s
                                                                       du
                                                                            du’s consumer messaging                   service team left us feeling
                                                                            focuses on empowerment and                helpless with long wait times
                                                                            enhancing consumers’ lives                and a lack of clear solutions.
                                                                            through transparency, ease of             We found the Interactive
                                                                            services and the latest digital           Voice Response (IVR) system
                                                                            solutions. The brand utilizes             complicated to navigate, and the
                                                                            friendly narratives and imagery           email form kept resetting
                                                                            that consumers can identify with          due to glitches.
                                                                            to speak about its offerings.
                                  du                                   du
                                                                                                                      Overall, we experienced du
                                                                            The brand offers a set of voice-          to be very similar to Etisalat:
                                                                            only or voice-and-data plans,             bringing a strong message

                   +
                                                                            which are renewable monthly,              and infrastructure to support
                                                                            weekly and daily, which du                continuous growth, which with
                                                                            describes as the “future of prepaid”.     careful delivery on the promise
 • Customer enhancement                • Complex purchasing and             These plans are similar to Etisalat’s     can create greater intimacy with
   realized through online               maintenance processes              offerings, and like its competitor,       its customers.
   registration and sim delivery         across digital channels            the brand separates its data into
   via the website                                                          social and general-use.
                                       • Outdated and complex
 • A wide range of offerings in          segregation of product
                                                                            While du describes the offerings
   the realm of mobile, home             offerings
                                                                            clearly, the breadth of choice
   and digital services
                                       • Weak, non-uniform customer         and data segregation don’t align
 • Tailored service offerings for        care guidelines                    with the simplicity expected
   various ethnic groups                                                    from the future of prepaid.

UAE telecom brands field notes                                                                                                                              7
A comparison of UAE telecom brands, from a brand intimacy perspective - MBLM
With our data exhausted
and dead batteries, we
identified our top choice…
Over a year into its operation,    swyp comes in second,             While these two brands offer       to create stronger bonds, and
Virgin Mobile is a breath of       delivering a no-frills            great flexibility, they are        there’s also an opportunity for
fresh air with its intuitive and   experience. Given that swyp       new to the market and only         the newer players to break into
easy to use app, its efficient     is not available to anyone age    offer prepaid services. du         other service territories.
delivery and registration          over 29 however, a large share    and Etisalat have dominated
processes, and its unmatched       of UAE customers are out of       the market for some time
flexibility. The brand really      luck, and those who do sign up    and offer a wider range of
does deliver on providing a        enjoy Etisalat’s infrastructure   offerings from home services
new mobile experience.             but may have to endure            to business lines. There’s still
                                   customer service issues.          room for these larger brands

UAE telecom brands field notes                                                                                                            8
A comparison of UAE telecom brands, from a brand intimacy perspective - MBLM
Opportunities
Throughout our testing, common insights
emerged

Applications drive the                 The eSIM revolution
brand experience                       With three of the four brands
Virgin Mobile managed to check         offering the option to deliver our
all the boxes with the most user-      SIMs, convenience seems to be
friendly app of the four brands.       at the front door. It’s clear that
There are many things that can         delivery is the future: a quick
go wrong when creating a mobile        way to activate services like
application, from deep sitemaps        mobile telecom subscriptions.
and infinite subsections to slow       Moreover, the arrival of the
load times and website redirects.      eSIM will place even more
It’s essential for brands to clearly   focus on digital registration
define a digital strategy for a        experiences. Given the
component that is going to be          importance of online ordering,
so core to users’ experience.          it is vital that brands perfect the
Repeated frustrations across           process, avoiding complications
digital channels, especially           as much as possible.
when mobile applications drive
brand experience, lead to lost         The changing mobile
opportunities for brand intimacy.      landscape
                                       Virgin Mobile and swyp
Good customer care is
                                       are Mobile Network Virtual
lacking                                Operators – independent
Stellar customer care is critical      operators dependent on
to forming intimate bonds with         du and Etisalat for network
customers, though service              infrastructure. This allows both
brands always struggle to get the      companies to concentrate
formula right. During our review       their efforts on building
in this industry, we were largely      stronger brands, while network
met with inaction and uncertainty      infrastructure is managed by
when dealing with customer             others. As the average customer
representatives. Telecom brands        becomes more global and data-
need to take a hard look at how        hungry, brands that pair truly
they train their service reps–the      differentiated offerings (such as
face and voice of the brand–as         free roaming and uncapped data)
well as the guidelines and core        with a strong essence, story
principles they hold to heart to       and experience, will start to rise
support the brand narrative.           to the forefront.

UAE telecom brands field notes                                               9
A comparison of UAE telecom brands, from a brand intimacy perspective - MBLM
Which carrier is right for you?
Facing a tough decision between telecom brands in the
UAE? Let our chart help!

                           Start

                    Need more than                       Interested in a
                                            Yes
                    just prepaid and                    family, business   Yes
                        lifsetyle?                        or enterprise
                                                              plan?

                                 No

                                           No
                 Age 29 and under?

                                 Yes

UAE telecom brands field notes                                                   10
Insights from Brand Intimacy

Brand Intimacy is a new             becomes more significant and
paradigm in marketing which         committed. However in the most
leverages and strengthens the       intimate stage, fusing, where
emotional bonds between a           a user and a brand become
person and a brand. Every year,     co-identified, both brands
MBLM conducts the world’s           underperformed against the
largest study on brands and         industry average, highlighting the
emotion, and 2018’s report          difficulty these brands are facing
analyzes the responses of 6,000     in creating lasting emotional
consumers and 54,000 brand          relationships.
evaluations across 15 industries
                                    Telecom services is a cutthroat
in the U.S., Mexico and the
                                    industry, and every small
UAE. The study reveals that top
                                    detail above and beyond basic
intimate brands deliver superior
                                    functionality leads to a superior
results related to revenue
                                    outcome, and can increase
and profit growth by creating
                                    the chance of customers not
deeper relationships with their
                                    jumping ship based on minor
consumers.
                                    price differences. swyp and
While looking into the              Virgin Mobile are capitalizing on a
experiences that create             niche in the market with younger
differentiators between these       customers, but it remains to
telecom competitors, we also        be seen if they can effectively
looked into the emotional           leverage the archetypes of Brand
connections between the brands      Intimacy to create deep long-
and their customers. In our 2018    lasting bonds.
study, du and Etisalat ranked
                                    With a more competitive
ninth and tenth respectively
                                    landscape offering greater
within the tech and telecom
                                    choice than ever before,
industry, but they continue to
                                    consumers have the last word
face competition from larger
                                    on which brand they choose to
international brands that focus
                                    partner with. For telecom brands,
on devices and suites of digital
                                    taking a closer look at their
services.
                                    essence, story and experience
The depth and degree of intensity   to form stronger emotional
of an intimate brand relationship   connections with customers will
can be measured by the stages       play an enormous role in moving
of Brand Intimacy. From least       customers through the stages of
to most intimate, these are:        intimacy.
Sharing, bonding and fusing. In
our 2018 study, du and Etisalat
both had a higher number of
users in the bonding stage than
the industry average (10%).
Bonding is when an attachment
is created and the relationship
between a person and a brand

UAE telecom brands field notes                                            11
Emotion drives our decisions and behaviors. Brand Intimacy is the new paradigm that examines,
            measures and builds the bonds we form with the brands we use and love.

                                                                    Experience

                                   Story

 Essence
  Architecting a brand             Crafting a strong narrative      Orchestrating an
  for greater impact by            that connects audiences          elevated experience that
  creating an ownable              to a brand in emotionally        focuses on delivering more
  force of attraction              driven ways while                personalized, memorable,
  and connection.                  fostering engagement             and well-considered
                                   and relevance.                   moments in more places
                                                                    across more devices.

                            Learn more on
                                    mblm.com/lab
Credits
Written in collaboration with:
Ashwin Kulothungun
Arcangelo Anthony
Lisa England
Saneesh Sukesan

Brand intimacy advisor:
Mario Natarelli

Partner in charge:
William Shintani

Sources
1.   Vall, I.V. (2018), ITU Regional Workshop on ICT Statistics: Telecommunication indicators. [e-book] Bahrain: International
     Telecommunications Union, p.19. Available at: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Regional-Presence/ArabStates/Documents/
     events/2018/ICT-Statistics/Presentations/Session_5_7_ITU_admin_data.pdf

2.   Steele H. (2018), Arab World Competitiveness Report 2018, [e-book] Geneva: World Economic Forum, p.145. Available at: https://
     www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/fdeefc9a-1283-402c-8845-e9f5e7d5eb73/AWCR+2018.post-launch+updates.180824_1442.
     pdf?MOD=AJPERES

3.   Burke C., (2015, April 22), 100 Customer Service Statistics You Need To Know, Available at: https://www.insightsquared.
     com/2015/04/100-customer-service-statistics-you-need-to-know/

4.   Nagraj A. (2017, Monday 06). What Will Virgin Mobile’s Entry Mean for The UAE Telecom market. Available at: http://gulfbusiness.com/
     what-will-virgin-mobiles-entry-mean-for-the-uae-telecom-market/

5.   Oxford Business Group Editorial Team, (2015), Growing Market Saturation in Dubai Telecoms Increasing Competition for High-Quality
     Content. Available at: https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/growing-market-saturation-dubai-telecoms-increasing-competition-
     high-quality-content

6.   Everington J. , (2017, January 31) Du Owner To Bring Virgin Mobile Brand To UAE, Available at: https://www.thenational.ae/business/
     du-owner-to-bring-virgin-mobile-brand-to-uae-1.53343

7.   Du, Etisat, swyp and Virgin Mobile logotypes, ads, wordmarks and imagery are copyright by their respective brands. Other imagery
     sourced from Getty Images.
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