2021 MSRS Presentation - PENSION - Minnesota State ...
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Who we are Minnesota State Retirement System State Employee Health Care Deferred Pension Plans Savings Plan Compensation Plan (HCSP) (MNDCP)
Sky’s the limit What do you imagine for your retirement? • Travel • Hobbies • Enjoying time with friends & family • Volunteering • Starting your own business
Stages of Retirement Each stage has its own characteristics and costs EARLY YEARS MIDDLE YEARS LATER YEARS
Click to edit Master title Be Prepared style Consider the realities health care • High cost of health care
High cost of health care Amount needed to cover health care costs in retirement Blank this is an empty field For a 50% chance For a 90% chance of covering of covering $79,000 $144,000 65-year-old man $104,000 $163,000 65-year-old woman $183,000 $301,000 65-year-old couple* FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute Issue Brief, May 16, 2019 Excludes long-term care *For a couple with median prescription drug expenses
Click to edit Master title Be Prepared style Consider the realities life expectancy • High cost of health care • We’re living longer
Life expectancy – we’re living longer 65-year-old man 65-year-old woman 65-year-old couple* 50% Chance Age 87 Age 90 Age 94 25% Chance Age 93 Age 96 Age 98 FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY Source: Society of Actuaries RP-2014 Mortality Table projected with Mortality Improvement Scale MP-2014 as of 2015 *At least one surviving individual.
Be Prepared Consider the realities inflation • High cost of health care • We’re living longer • Inflation
Inflation – what money will buy The effect of inflation over 20 years FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index, U.S. City Average Price Data (12/1999 – 12/2019)
Be Prepared Consider the realities stock market volatility • High cost of health care • We’re living longer • Inflation • Market Volatility
Expect stock market volatility Market volatility over the past 20 years S&P 500® Index –monthly returns Dot-com bubble collapse Mortgage meltdown FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY Past performance is not a guarantee or prediction of future results. You cannot invest directly in a benchmark index. The S&P 500 ® Index measures the performance of the domestic large-cap equity market and is used as a proxy of the stock market in general. The S&P 500 ® is a registered trademark of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC. Source: CBOE ®, Chicago Board Options Exchange ® Data from 1/1/1998 – 1/1/2018 www.cboe.com/products/stock-index-options-spx-rut-msci-ftse/s-p-500-index-options/s-p-500-index/spx-historical-data
Keep perspective It has paid to stay invested in U.S. stocks during troubled times Subsequent 5-year return FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY Past performance is not a guarantee or prediction of future results. You cannot invest directly in a benchmark index. U.S. stock market returns represented by total return of S&P 500®, which is an index used as a proxy for the stock market in general. Source: Fidelity Investments. https://institutional.fidelity.com/app/item/RD_13569_23965.html With data provided by Ibbotson, Factset, FMR Co., Fidelity Asset Allocation Research Team (AART) as of 3/31/2015. .
Be Prepared Prepare your retirement budget How much will you need to maintain your standard of living? Review your financial situation to determine: • all your sources of retirement income • how your expenses will differ in retirement
Consider your income Take into account all of your assets, including: • Projected Social Security benefit At different • Projected Pension benefit ages • Money saved in retirement plan accounts MNDCP 457(b) plan, 403(b) plan, 401(k) plan, IRAs • Money saved in Health Savings Plans HCSP, HRA, HSA, VEBA • Spouse’s retirement plan accounts
Consider your expenses Retirement expenses may decrease • Housing • Payroll taxes (e.g., FICA) • Transportation • Retirement plan contributions Retirement expenses may increase • Health Care • Travel
Median consumer expenses Entertainment,Clothing, 2.7% Ages 65-74 6.1% Pension & SS, 6.6% Housing, 33.3% Other , 10.9% Health Care, 11.6% Transportation, Food, 12.6% 16.2% 1 Includes cash contributions, alcohol, tobacco, personal care products and services, reading, education, life and personal insurance, and miscellaneous expenses Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditures in 2015 Report 1066, April 2017
Take action retirement readiness Consider how the Prepare a following factors could retirement affect your retirement budget savings • Higher health care costs • Increasing life expectancies • Inflation • Stock market volatility
Pension
Pension benefit factors Service High-5 Benefit Possible Credit Salary Multiplier Reduction
What you receive credit for • Every month that deductions from pay are taken Part-time ( 7-1-2010
Combined service annuity (CSA) Service with another MN public plan (e.g., TRA or PERA) Service Credit Requirements: • Minimum six months with each plan • Must terminate from all plans • Must collect from all plans within one year
Average monthly salary • Highest five successive years’ wages (High-5) • Includes gross salary High-5 • Excludes unused vacation & sick Salary leave payouts • NOT reduced by contributions to your MNDCP or HCSP account
A set multiplier The formula dictated by Minnesota law used to calculate your benefit Benefit Multiplier 1.7%
Reduction factor Depends on age Full Retirement Age if hired prior to 7-1-1989 • Age 65, or • Rule of 90 Possible Reduction Full Retirement Age if hired after 7-1-1989 • Age 66 Apply reduction if you collect pension benefit before your FULL RETIREMENT AGE
Meet Anita & Sarah Each began employment at the same time Each earn the same salary Anita Plans to retire at age 66 With 30 years at DNR Sarah Plans to retire at age 62 With 26 years at DOT
Benefit comparison = MONTHLY BENEFIT SERVICE HIGH-5 BENEFIT POSSIBLE CREDIT SALARY MULTIPLIER REDUCTION Anita retires age 66 30 years X $5,000 X 1.7% X N/A = $2,550 Sarah retires age 62 26 years X $4,619 X 1.7% X 0.7090 = $1,447 FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY Your actual results will vary based on your retirement date.
Benefit deferral comparison = MONTHLY BENEFIT SERVICE HIGH-5 BENEFIT POSSIBLE CREDIT SALARY MULTIPLIER REDUCTION Sarah retires age 62 26 years X $4,619 X 1.7% X 0.7090 = $1,447 Sarah retires age 62 BUT DEFERS TO AGE 66 26 years X $4,619 X 1.7% X N/A = $2,042 FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY Your actual results will vary based on your retirement date.
Joint & Survivor benefit options • Irrevocable election Your Survivor Bounce Benefit Type • Survivor(s) doesn’t have Benefit Benefit Back to be a spouse Single Life $2,550 N/A N/A • Younger age survivor(s) = Joint & Survivor (retiree & survivor both age 66) smaller benefit 100% Option $2,238 $2,238 $2,550 • Non-spouse survivor(s) between 10 and 19 years 75% Option $2,308 $1,731 $2,550 younger may select 75% 50% Option or 50% option $2,384 $1,192 $2,550 Life Income 15-Year Certain • Non-spouse survivor(s) more than 19 years $2,385 $2,385 N/A younger may only select 50% option FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY Your actual results will vary.
Value of pension benefit Sarah Anita Example Retirement age 62 66 Contributions to MSRS $65,927 $80,471 (6% of salary) Monthly benefit $1,447 $2,550 Total benefit paid in retirement $598,736 $876,186 (live to age 90) NET GAIN $532,015 $795,715
Plan for taxes Your pension benefit is taxable • Withhold federal & state tax (for MN only) • Adjust tax withholding at any time • Receive tax form 1099-R each January
Post retirement benefit increase Retirees receive an annual pension benefit increase each January • First increase pro-rated
Working after retirement If you return to MSRS eligible position ONLY: • Notify MSRS of re-employment • 30 day break in service is required • No retirement deductions taken • When under Social Security’s full-retirement age, pension benefit suspends at earnings limit ($18,960 - 2021) • Restarts at end of employment or January 1st of next year • May affect eligibility to access your MNDCP & HCSP assets
Death prior to retirement Surviving Spouse Benefit • 100% Joint & Survivor lifetime monthly benefit, or • Monthly payment for 10, 15 or 20 years, or • Lump-sum payment of employee contributions only plus 3% interest Non Spouse Benefit • Lump-sum payment of employee contributions only plus 3% interest • If no surviving spouse, minor child benefit
Pension benefit Application process Forms needed 1. Application for Retirement Benefit 2. Direct Deposit form 3. Birth records 4. Copy of Marriage Certificate (if applicable) 5. Certified copy of Divorce Decree or Contact your pension plan Domestic Relations Order provider when applying for (if applicable) your pension benefit
Take action pension Review Understand the your estimated impact of retiring pension benefit before your full retirement age • Annual statement Further you are from your • Online account full retirement age, greater the benefit reduction • Schedule an appointment with an MSRS Representative
Income Gap Income GAP
What is an income gap? You might have an income gap if: your savings does not meet your retirement income needs you retire early and need more retirement savings or you fear you will outlive your savings
How much income will it take? You may need $60,000 annual salary $48,000 80% to 100% FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY Figure represents 80% of $60,000 salary of your current income to maintain your lifestyle in retirement
Bridge any income gaps
Pension & Social Security may not be enough Income your MN public pension replaces1 • 10 years service = 17% • 20 years service = 34% • 30 years service = 51% Income your Social Security replaces2 • Average MN public employee recipient = 31% 1 Based on the years of service of MSRS pension recipients. Assumes full retirement age of 66. A TRA recipient replacement percentage would be higher. 2 Based on the collecting an unreduced social security benefit at age 66 and a final average salary of 2016 retirees from MSRS, PERA, TRA public pension plans. Does not assume future earnings. Salary Source: MSRS, PERA and TRA 2016 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report. Social Security Source: SSA Benefit Calculator.
Case study income replacement Sarah Anita Retirement Age 62 66 High-5 monthly salary $4,619 $5,000 Pension replacement 31% 51% Social Security replacement 25% 30% TOTAL INCOME 56% 81% REPLACEMENT FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY Your actual results will vary.
Case study savings needed Sarah Anita Retirement Age 62 66 TOTAL INCOME 56% 81% REPLACEMENT Savings needed to replace $257,100* $0 80% Savings needed to replace $470,500* $198,500* 100% FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY Your actual results will vary. Based on a 5% annual rate of return (not guaranteed) and 2% inflation. Assuming annual withdrawals to reach stated income replacement lasting until age 90.
Calculate how much retirement income you will need Do your own calculation www.msrs.state.mn.us/toolbox#mndcp
Take action Ways to bridge the income gap MNDCP account assets HCSP account assets Increase your annual Use your HCSP account contribution if possible assets Pension & Social Security Defer, if possible, the date of your retirement
Minnesota Deferred Compensation Plan
What is the MNDCP? A voluntary savings Available to all MN State sponsored plan to supplement public employees 457(b) Plan your pension & Social Security income
Make the most of the MNDCP Maximize your contributions Save more each paycheck Minimize stock market volatility Take advantage of lower fees
Maximize your contribution Within 3 years of Age 50 & over normal retirement age $26,000
The impact of saving more Ramping up contributions by $200/paycheck can add up 3 years $17,075 5 years $30,291 10 years $71,186 What you contribute What you may earn FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY Figures represent the growth of bi-weekly contributions at 6% rate of return (not guaranteed) compounded monthly, reinvestment of earnings with no withdrawals. The tax-deferred amounts shown do not reflect any charges, expenses or fees.
Minimize market fluctuation impact Investment diversification Spreading your investments over multiple asset classes FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY Diversification does not ensure a profit or protect against loss in declining markets.
How diversification works Sample asset allocation of Diversification within an investment portfolio the stock allocation FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY Diversification does not ensure a profit or protect against loss in declining markets.
Sample asset allocation models Aggressive Portfolio Best year…………… 29.1% Worst year………… -31.7% Average…………….. 8.7% Conservative Portfolio Best year…………… 20.0% Worst year………… -16.4% Average…………….. 6.8% FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY The models shown illustrate hypothetical investment allocations for Aggressive & Conservative risk profiles. Index returns were used to provide calendar year returns from 1/31/1991 to 9/30/2017 based on asset allocations used for each model. Results are hypothetical and are not based on the performance of actual portfolios. Intended to illustrate possible investment portfolio allocations that represent an investment strategy based on risk and return. Investing involves risk, including possible loss of principal. (See last slide for additional information) Source: State Street Global Advisor with data provided by Factset.
Click to edit Master title Investment Disclosure style Please consider the investment objectives, fees and expenses carefully before investing. The prospectus and/or disclosure documents contain this and other important information about the investments offered through your plan. To obtain a prospectus or disclosure document, or to learn more about the investment options, visit www.msrs.state.mn.us or call 800-657-5757. Read such materials carefully before investing.
Avoid rollover regret Upon separation of employment: • You are not required to close or rollout your 457(b) or 403(b) account to an IRA • Consider consolidating your retirement plan accounts • Discuss rolling money from one account to another with your financial advisor/planner and consider any potential fees and/or limitations of available investment options
Rollover remorse One final point! Once all assets are out of the plan, you may not rejoin
Fees can erode your gains Assumptions • Starting balance: $65,000 $77,460 $79,330 • No contributions $60,670 • 5% annual rate of return • Annual 4% withdrawal of account balance • After 25 years Account balance with a 1.12% advisor fee1 MNDCP account with a 0.10% administrataive fee2 For illustrative purposes only This hypothetical No account fee illustration is not intended as a projection of future investment results, nor is it intended as financial planning or investment advice. Rates of any return may vary. The illustration does not reflect other associated charges, expenses of fees. The tax-deferred 1 Source: 2017 Advisory HQ study; Average Financial Advisor Fees accumulation shown would be reduced if these fees had based on assets under management for a $100,000 account been deducted. 2 MNDCP administrative fee as of 1/1/2021 capped at $125/year
Withdrawal Considerations Goals • Number of years savings should last • Leave savings to heirs • Philanthropic wishes Realities • Meet fixed expenses • Allow for discretionary expenses • Cover emergency expenses Other • Coordinate withdrawals with the use of other assets • Tax efficient withdrawals
How to generate income from your retirement plan Flexible Withdrawal Options
How long will your savings last? No data Savings Balance Gross Withdrawal $50,000 $100,000 $150,000 $500/month 11 yrs 4 mos >50 yrs >50 yrs $1,000/month 4 yrs 9 mos 11 yrs 4 mos 22 yrs 3 mos $1,500/month 3 yrs 6 yrs 8 mos 11 yrs 4 mos FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY Your actual results will vary. This hypothetical example assumes a 6% annual rate of return. Rate of return not guaranteed.
Calculate how long your savings will last Do your own calculation www.msrs.state.mn.us/toolbox#mndcp
Understand the tax landscape Withdrawals are taxable Pre-tax 20% mandatory federal withholding, except savings • Withdrawal schedules lasting 10 or more years • RMD payments Withdrawals are tax-free if: Roth • Withdrawal made after age 59½ after-tax (death or disability) savings AND • Roth account established at least five tax years Withdrawals made prior to age 59½ that are attributable to rollovers from another type of plan may incur a 10% early withdrawal IRS penalty
Click to edit Master title style Fulfill your RMD RMDs are mandated by the IRS once you reach age 72 or retire, whichever is later Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs)
Click toCalculation edit Master title style RMD rules to remember 1. MNDCP account balance as of previous December 31 $______ Required Minimum Distribution 2. Life expectancy factor (see table) • Age 72 The age you will turn this year _______ • Every year thereafter • Not required if employed 3. RMD Amount (line 1 ÷ line 2) $______ Uniform Lifetime Table III Life For use by: Age Expectancy • Unmarried owner Factor Excess accumulation penalty • Married owner whose 72 25.6 spouse is not more • 50% of amount not than 10 years younger 73 24.7 distributed as required • Married owner whose 74 23.8 spouse is not the sole 75 22.9 beneficiary Factors change in 2022
Keep beneficiary What designations up to date happens if something happens to you? A beneficiary will inherit your money Plan ahead AVOID PROBATE
Take action Maximize Keep in mind your contributions you are not required to roll out or close your MNDCP account Minimize account fluctuations with a diversified investment strategy Consider a withdrawal plan that is right for you
Health Care Savings Plan
Sample health care costs Amount needed to cover retiree health insurance1 to age 90 Retiree Only Retiree & Spouse Anita retires $144,000 $288,000 age 66 Sarah retires $175,236 $374,196 age 62 For illustrative purposes only SOURCE: MSRS 2020 1Based on SEGIP health insurance cost of $701/month retiree; $2.061 retiree & spouse from age 62 to age 65 and $355 SEGIP supplemental insurance and $145 Medicare Part B / month for retiree & spouse from age 65 to age 90
What is the HCSP? A tax-free savings account Tax-free contributions Tax-free potential growth Tax-free reimbursements No Social Security, Medicare or income taxes Reimburse post-employment health care expenses for employee, spouse, legal tax dependents, and children up to 26th birthday. NOTE: Your Social Security benefit may be slightly reduced because no FICA tax is collected on contributions
Tax-free matters Taxable Cash Payout Tax-Free HCSP Payout Severance payment $10,000 Severance payment $10,000 Federal Income Tax 2,200 Federal Income Tax 0 State Income Tax 680 State Income Tax 0 FICA Tax 765 FICA Tax 0 Net cash payment $6,355 Net cash payment $10,000 For illustrative purposes only This hypothetical example assumes a 22% federal withholding rate + 6.80% state withholding rate + 7.65% FICA (Social Security and Medicare) tax rate. Individual tax rates will vary based on total taxable income and filing status for the year.
Eligibility for participation Participation MUST be… Participation CANNOT be… negotiated in union contract individual choice—group or participation must be specified in union contract included in personnel policy or personnel policy for non-union employees
Investment Default Money Market Fund Seeks to maintain the value of a participant's original investment Seeks to earn interest that is competitive with short-term interest rates Plan expenses may exceed earned interest You could lose money by investing in a money market, it cannot guarantee it will do so. An investment in the fund is not insured or guaranteed. Although the fund seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1 per share by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. The fund’s sponsor has no legal obligation to provide financial support to the fund, and you should not expect that the sponsor will provide financial support to the fund at any time.
Click to edit Master title Higher Risk style Potential Reward Investment options T. Rowe Price Small Cap Stock Fund Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Vanguard Mid Cap Index Fund Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund Vanguard Balanced Index Fund Dodge & Cox Income Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund Stable Value Fund Lower Risk Potential Reward FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY The chart reflects the expected relative risk/return potential over the long-term. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.
Investment Disclosure Please consider the investment objectives, fees and expenses carefully before investing. The prospectus and/or disclosure documents contain this and other important information about the investments offered through your plan. To obtain a prospectus or disclosure document, or to learn more about the investment options, visit www.msrs.state.mn.us or call 800-657-5757. Read such materials carefully before investing. No investment is 100% risk free. You can incur loss of principal by investing. There is no assurance that investing will ensure a profit or protect against loss. Foreign investments involve special risks, including currency fluctuation, taxation differences and political developments. Equity securities of small and mid-sized companies may be more volatile than securities of larger, more established companies. Asset allocation and balanced investment options and models are subject to the risks of the underlying funds, which can be a mix of stocks/stock funds and bond/bond funds. A bond fund’s yield, share price and total return change daily and are based on changes in interest rates, market conditions, economic and political news, and the quality and maturity of its investments. In general, bond prices fall when interest rates rise and vice versa.
Click to edit Master title style When can you request reimbursements? Upon termination of employment… at any age Once retired If collecting a disability benefit from a MN public pension plan Returning to work? You may have limited or no access
What is reimbursable Eligible medical/dental expenses, including: Insurance Premiums • Health, Medicare, Dental, Long-Term Care Dental costs Eye-care costs Co-payments & prescription drugs Over-the-counter drugs with prescription For other eligible expenses, see IRS Publication 502
What cannot be reimbursed Life insurance premiums Teeth bleaching Cosmetic surgery Finance charges on bills Fees for health club membership Funeral expenses Vitamins
Reimbursement requests Patient Billed Paid directly to participant, not to insurer or provider Pay Bill Out-of-pocket expenses Request • Minimum payout $75 Reimbursement from HCSP • Maximum limit: $36,000 in 2021 Eligibility Verification Monthly insurance premiums • Medical, dental, long-term care, Medicare REIMBURSED • Set up direct deposit to bank account
HCSP/HSA compatibility If a contribution is made to an HSA on your behalf in same year you are eligible to access your HCSP: Your HCSP account becomes “limited-use” May request reimbursements for dental & vision expenses only during the year. Complete a Reimbursement Suspension Election form each calendar year that you or your employer contribute to an HSA
What happens if you die? Spouse or legal dependent Spouse or legal dependents1 Account balance transfers to HCSP account for spouse OR, if no spouse Account balance transfers to HCSP account for dependent(s) Spouse or legal dependent reimbursements remain tax-free 1Legal dependent is someone you can claim on your federal tax return.
What happens if you die? If no spouse or legal dependents If NO spouse or legal dependents1 Account balance transfers to HCSP account for your designated beneficiaries Reimbursements taxed as ordinary income (MSRS will issue IRS Form 1099-MISC) 1Legal dependent is someone you can claim on your federal tax return.
Receive an HCSP Welcome Packet in approximately 4 weeks: after your first contribution is received after your termination date is entered or your employer remits severance payment
Take action Review Remember your investments post-employment account The Money Market for health expenses only Fund is the investment default Do not report reimbursements from your account on your federal/state tax return since the HCSP is a tax-free plan
Time table
Pre-retirement timetable PRIOR TO RETIREMENT ACTION • Maximize contributions to your MNDCP account in your final working years 5 years • Calculate your retirement budget • Adjust your MNDCP & HCSP investment allocation as appropriate • Explore your retirement income & expenses 1 year • Prepare your retirement budget Contact your pension plan provider to request 6 - 12 months an audited pension estimate 3 months Contact Social Security, if retiring at age 62+ • Complete pension application 1 - 2 months File with pension plan • Contact H.R. about insurance & HCSP eligibility
Post-retirement timetable AFTER RETIREMENT ACTION Immediately ENJOY ENJOY ENJOY ENJOY Up to 6 weeks Receive pension authorization letter & first payment 30 days after receipt of pension authorization Your joint & survivor benefit option is irrevocable letter 1st week of the next month Receive monthly pension payment December Receive notification of post-retirement increase Receive tax Form 1099-R for pension & MNDCP January payments
Contact us Receive more details about the information you just saw or Make an appointment to speak to one of our retirement counselors www.msrs.state.mn.us Locations: St. Paul - 60 Empire Drive · Suite 300 1.800.657.5757 or 651.296.2761 St. Cloud - 4150 Second Street S · Suite 330 Mankato - 11 Civic Center Plaza · Suite 150 Detroit Lakes - 714 Lake Ave · Suite 100 Duluth - 625 East Central Entrance
Important Today’s workshop was designed to: Notes Provide you with fundamental information on your MSRS retirement plans Core securities, when offered, are offered through GWFS Equities Inc. Objectively highlight your and/or other broker dealers. investment options Outline other sources of information GWFS Equities Inc., Member for your decisions FINRA/SIPC, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company. Please read all investment-related information prior to investing GWL&A and/or its subsidiaries are not responsible for, have not reviewed and This presentation is for general education do not endorse the content contained on msrs.state.mn.us. purposes only and does not, nor is intended to constitute legal, tax, investment or financial advice of any kind. • Please consult your own advisors for such advice AM553491-07.18
Asset Allocation Model Disclosure from slide 54 The hypothetical illustrations are for informational and educational purposes only. They are not intended to be a recommendation of a specific investment or investment strategy. In applying a particular asset allocation model to your individual situation, you should consider other assets, income, and investments in addition to the account you are considering for investment, to the extent the model does not consider these additional assets. Index returns shown are not those of an actual fund or portfolio, and are used to provide calendar year returns back to 1995 based on hypothetical asset allocations used for a Conservative and Aggressive model, respectively. They are not backtested returns and do not reflect the changes to glide paths over time. A benchmark index is not actively managed, does not have a defined investment objective, and does not incur fees or expenses. You cannot invest directly in a benchmark index. For calendar year return calculations, the following index data from 9/30/2017 to 1/31/1991 was used, reflective of the underlying indices used for the asset allocations. US Large Cap Equities: S&P 500 Index; Global REIT: FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Index; Commodities: Bloomberg Roll Select Commodity Index; US Core Bonds: Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate; and International Equity: MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI Index. For returns back to 1991 for indices with insufficient track records, used current indices for existing track records and replaced with equivalent indices with longer track records for the periods prior to index inception. Small/Mid Cap US Equities: Russell Small Cap Completeness Index from 4/1/1999-9/30/2017 and the MSCI Small/Mid Cap Index from 3/31/1999 to 1/31/1991; US Intermediate TIPS: Bloomberg Barclays US Treasury Inflation Protected Notes (1-10 Y) from 7/1/2001-9/30/2017 and the Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Index from 6/30/2001 to 1/31/1991 (TIPS returns were not available prior to 2001); US Short Term Government/Credit: Bloomberg Barclays Capital 1-3 Yr Government Credit Index from 5/1/2004-9/30/2017 and the Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Government & Credit (1-3 Y) from 4/30/2004 to 1/31/1991; US High Yield Bonds: Bloomberg Barclays High Yield Very Liquid from 2/1/1994-9/30/2017 and the Bloomberg Barclays US Corporate High Yield Index from 1/31/1994 to 1/31/1991; and Long Government Bonds: Bloomberg Barclays Long Government Bond Index from 1/1/1997-9/30/2017 and the Bloomberg Barclays Long Treasury Index from 12/31/1996 to 1/31/1991.
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