2020 KEY ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS - Ministry of ...
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KEY
ENVIRONMENTAL
STATISTICS
2020Clean Air
2020
Air Quality
Target for
Pollutant Averaging time 2017 2018 2019 Singapore1
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) (µg/m3) 24-hour2 59 65 57 50
Annual 12 9 8 15
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) (µg/m3)
1-hour2 158 147 156 200
Annual 25 26 23 40
Ozone (O3) (µg/m3) 8-hour2 191 150 125 100
24-hour3 57 59 90 50
Particulate Matter (PM) 10 (µg/m3)
Annual 25 29 30 20
24-hour3 34 32 62 37.5
Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 (µg/m3)
Annual 14 15 16 12
Carbon Monoxide (CO) (mg/m3)
1-hour2 2.3 2.5 2.3 30
8-hour2 1.7 2.0 1.7 10
1 Singapore’s 2020 air quality targets are benchmarked against the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) Interim Targets and Air Quality Guidelines, except for the SO2
and PM2.5 annual targets. There is no WHO SO2 annual guideline value, and our PM2.5 annual target is more stringent than WHO’s interim target.
2 Maximum 24-hour, 8-hour or 1-hour
3 99th percentileAir Quality in terms of PSI
(%) of days in the year
Legend:
2007 100 Good & Moderate
Unhealthy
Very Unhealthy & Hazardous
2008 100
2009 99 1
2010 98 2
2011 99 1
2012 99 1
2013 96 2 2
2014 97 3
2015 87.5 11.0 1.5
2016 99 1
2017 99.5 0.5
2018 100
2019 97 3
Note: PSI includes Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Particulate Matter (PM10), Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Ozone (O3).
Figures are rounded to the nearest 0.5. Air quality was affected by transboundary smoke haze from land and forest fires in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2019.Solid Waste Management
(Mil tonnes/yr) 2017 2018 2019 Total non-domestic waste
disposed of3 1.37 1.416 1.44
(Mil tonnes/yr)
Total waste generated 1
7.70 7.70 7.23
Total non-domestic waste
Total waste recycled2 4.72 4.736 4.25 disposed of
(Tonnes a day/GDP
9.2 9.16 8.9
% 61 61 59
[$billion])
Total waste incinerated3 2.75 2.746 2.74 Non-domestic recycling rate2 76 756 73
% 36 36 38 (%)
Total waste landfilled4 0.22 0.23 0.24
% 3 3 3 Total energy produced from incineration
(MWh)
1,215,906 1,162,408 1,173,302
Total domestic
waste disposed of3 1.61 1.56 1.55
36years
(Mil tonnes/yr) Lifespan of landfill5
Total domestic
waste disposed
of per capita
0.81 0.79 0.78
(Kg a Day/person)
Domestic recycling rate2 21 22 17
(%)
1 Total waste generated = Total waste recycled + Total waste incinerated + Total waste landfilled
2 Sustainable Singapore Blueprint target for 2030 is 70% for overall recycling rate, 30% for domestic recycling rate and
81% for non-domestic recycling rate.
3 Figures exclude metals recovered from Incineration Bottom Ash.
4 Total waste landfilled includes non-incinerable waste such as construction and demolition waste, used slag and treated
sludge etc. and excludes incineration ash generated from waste disposed through incineration.
5 Measured from the start of the lifespan of Semakau landfill, i.e. 1999.
6 Figures were revised following a review of the waste and recycling statistics in 2019.Solid Waste Management
Amount of Amount of Recycling Rate
Waste Generated Waste Recycled (%)
Waste Stream (Mil tonnes/yr) (Mil tonnes/yr)
Construction & Demolition 1.44 1.43 99
Ferrous metal 1.28 1.27 99
Paper/Cardboard 1.01 0.45 44
Plastics 0.93 0.04 4
Food 0.74 0.14 18
Wood 0.44 0.29 66
Horticultural 0.40 0.29 73
Ash & sludge 0.25 0.03 10
Textile/Leather 0.17 0.01 4
Used slag 0.13 0.13 98
Non-ferrous metal 0.13 0.12 99
Glass 0.08 0.01 14
Scrap tyres 0.03 0.03 94
Others(stones, ceramics, rubber etc.) 0.21 0.02 7
Total 7.23 4.25 59
The figures may not add up to the total due to rounding off.
Wood and horticultural waste recycled include 458,000 tonnes sent to facilities (e.g. biomass power plants and Sembcorp’s Energy from Waste plant)
for use as fuel.Environmental Health
Vector Control 2017 2018 2019
No. of local dengue (DF1 and DHF2) cases
45.1 54.4 275.2
per 100,000 population
1 Dengue Fever (DF) is caused by infection with a dengue virus [Source: Ministry of Health].
2 Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a severe form of dengue fever that could result in death [Source: Ministry of Health].Food Safety and Supply Resilience
Food Supply Resilience 2017 2018 2019
No. of the 5 key food items (fish, eggs,
3 3 3
chicken, pork and leafy vegetables) that has
less than 50% of supply from a single country (Achieved for key food items: pork, chicken and fish)
2017 2018 2019
Food Safety
Foodborne illness cases related to
foodborne outbreak per 100,000 population1 - - 20.1²
(≥15 people affected per outbreak)
No. of SFA-licensed local farms (land-based
and sea-based)
222 223 222
No. of SFA-licensed food establishments³ 35,169 36,175 38,373
(non-retail and retail)
No. of SFA-licensed hawkers
(hawker stalls4 and street hawkers) 13,865 13,921 13,882
1 This food safety indicator harmonises former AVA and NEA’s food safety indicators, to cover foodborne illnesses across the whole food supply
chain from farm-to-fork, including retail.
2 As of 25 June 2020, there are four foodborne outbreak incidents pending conclusion of investigations. These cases have not yet been
included in the current count.
3 Comprises non-retail food establishments (e.g. food manufacturers, cold stores, slaughterhouses); and retail food establishments (e.g. coffee
shops, restaurants, cafes, takeaway shops, supermarkets, and food caterers).
4 Hawker stalls refer to smaller compartmentalised units which are housed within markets/food centres owned by MSE and HDB (excludes
private markets/food centres of other Statutory Boards, e.g. SLA’s Lau Pa Sat and JTC’s Jurong Port Road Food Centre).Grading issued to food establishments and hawkers5
Grading issued
2017 2018 2019
Non-
retail D D C
food 2% 2% 2%
establishments6 36 32 A 30
A A
12% 12%
13% 191
C 189 C c 198
31% 31% B 30%
B 513 B
476 54% 497 55% 56%
825 873 931
C C C
Food Shops7
1% 1% 1%
68 64 90
B B B
21% 20% A 19%
A 2,750 2,725 A
2,747 79% 79% 80%
10,304 10,849 11,221
C C C
Food Stalls8 1% 1% 1%
94 83 113
B B B A
A 61% A 59% 40%
62% 39%
8,215 38% 8,081 7,841 5,369
5,035 5,164
Hawker Stalls C C C
0.2% 0.2% 1%
9 12 10
B A B B A
A 60%
63% 36% 60% 40% 39%
3,095 1,779 3,093 3,107 2,062
2,034
5 There is no grading for private markets, supermarkets and street hawkers. Percentages for the figures may not add up to 100 percent due to rounding off.
6 Non-retail food establishments refer to food processing establishments where food is manufactured, processed, prepared or packed for the purpose of distribution to
wholesalers and retailers.
7 Food shops refer to establishments which are licensed to retail food businesses (e.g. food court).
8 Food stalls refer to smaller compartmentalised units which are housed within a food shop.Water Resource Management
(2017-2019) No. of
Access to Improved Drinking Water Sources 1 reservoirs in
Singapore
17
Access to Improved Sanitation2
100%
Tests meeting WHO drinking water quality guidelines
System Efficiency 2017 2018 2019
Distribution Losses3 (%) 8.1 8.3 8.2
No. of leaks per 100km of potable water pipelines 6.0 4.6 5.3
No. of disruptions per month per 1,000 km of sewers
(average over a year)
10.2 10.3 10.4
Flood-prone areas (Hectares) 29.6 29.0 29.0
Supply (Mil m3) 2017 2018 2019
Sale of potable water in Singapore
– Domestic 294.8 294.2 297.6
– Non-domestic 204.5 201.3 202.6
Sale of NEWater 140.2 140.5 145.5
Sale of Industrial Water 19.9 20.6 17.9
Volume of used water treated 595.4 585.8 577.6
1 As defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO), i.e. water sources that, by nature of construction or through active intervention,
are protected from outside contamination. These include piped water into premises, protected dug well, etc.
2 As defined by WHO, i.e. sanitation facilities that hygienically separate human excreta from human contact. These include flush/pour flush
toilets or latrines connected to a sewer, septic tank, etc.
3 “Distribution Losses” has replaced the “Unaccounted for Water” indicator from 2019 onwards as “Distribution Losses” accounts for all possible
leaks and is therefore, a more holistic indicator on water loss.Water Resource Management
2017 2018 2019
Water Demand and Management
Per Capital Household Water Consumption1 143 141 141
(Litres/day)
Public Outreach
No. of lifestyle events held at reservoirs 426 366 244
and waterways
No. of ABC Waters projects completed 36 41 44
by PUB (cumulative)2
1 A new target of 130 L/day by 2030 was set in 2018.
2 Figures include projects carried out by public agencies and exclude test-bedding projects.Climate Change and Energy Efficiency
Climate Change/Energy 2017 2018 2019
Total greenhouse gas emissions1,2 (KtCO2e) 52,015 52,167 NA³
Energy consumption per dollar GDP2
(% improvement from 2005 levels)
32.7 34.9 NA³
Grid emissions factor2, 4 (kgCO2/kWh) 0.4192 0.4188 NA³
Domestic electricity use per capita4,5 (MWh) 1.30 1.28 NA6
1 Estimated using 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and Global Warming Potential
values from the IPCC 5th Assessment Report. International Bunker fuels are excluded in accordance with United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) reporting guidelines.
2 Figures may be periodically updated as more accurate data (e.g. from the refrigeration and air-conditioning sector) are made available.
3 Data will be available in 2021.
4 Data obtained from Energy Market Authority.
5 Data obtained from Department of Statistics.
6 Data will be available in 2020.Regional and International Collaboration
Environmental agreements that Singapore has ratified/acceded to
10 Mar 76 18 Oct 77
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement
of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)
with a Small Quantities Protocol
5 Jan 89
Vienna Convention Montreal Protocol on 2 Mar 93
for the Protection Substances that Deplete
of the Ozone Layer the Ozone Layer 1990 London Amendment to Montreal Protocol
2 Jan 96 29 May 97
Basel Convention on the Control of United Nations Framework Convention
Transboundary Movements of on Climate Change
Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal
15 Dec 97
Convention on Assistance in the Convention on Convention
Case of Nuclear Accident or Early Notification on Nuclear
Radiological Emergency of a Nuclear Accident Safety
22 Sep 00
1992 Copenhagen 1997 Montreal 10 Nov 01
Amendment to Amendment to Comprehensive Nuclear
Montreal Protocol Montreal Protocol Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) 1
14 Jan 03
ASEAN Agreement on
Transboundary Haze Pollution
24 May 05
12 Apr 06
Stockholm Rotterdam Convention on
Kyoto Protocol to the United Convention the Prior Informed Consent
Nations Framework Convention on Persistent Procedure for Certain Hazardous
on Climate Change Organic Chemicals and Pesticides in
Pollutants International Trade
10 Jan 07
31 Mar 08 1999 Beijing Amendment to the Montreal Protocol
Modified Small Additional Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer
Quantities Protocol for the for the Application
Application of Safeguards of Safeguards 12 Jul 12
ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve Agreement
22 Sep 14 23 Sep 14
22 Oct 14 Convention on Doha Amendment
Amendment to the Convention the Physical to the Kyoto
on the Physical Protection of Protection of Nuclear Protocol
Nuclear Material Material (CPPNM)
21 Sep 16
Paris Agreement under the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change 22 Sep 17
Minamata Convention on Mercury
30 Oct 18
Protocol to amend ASEAN Plus
Three Emergency Rice Reserve Agreement
1 This agreement is not yet in forcePublished by the Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment
40 Scotts Road, Environment Building, #24-00 Singapore 228231
Website: www.mse.gov.sg
Feedback: https://www.mse.gov.sg/top/feedback
MSE Quality Service: 1800-738-4622
Fax: (65) 6731 9456
40 Scotts Road, Environment Building, #13-00 Singapore 228231
Website: www.nea.gov.sg
Feedback: http://www.nea.gov.sg/corporate-functions/feedback
Contact Centre Hotline: 1800-CALL-NEA (1800-2255-632)
Fax: (65) 6235 2611
40 Scotts Road, Environment Building, #22-01 Singapore 228231
Website: www.pub.gov.sg
Email: PUB_One@pub.gov.sg
PUB-One (24-hour Contact Centre): 1800-CALL-PUB (1800-2255-782)
Fax: (65) 6725 8015
52 Jurong Gateway Road, JEM Office Tower, #14-01, Singapore 608550
Website: www.sfa.gov.sg
Feedback: https://csp.sfa.gov.sg/feedback
Contact Centre Hotline: 1800-CALL-SFA (1800 805 2575)
Fax: (65) 63341831
ISSN: 1793-4524
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