PHIL/LING 4510/6510: Deductive Systems - Yuri Balashov
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PHIL/LING 4510/6510: Deductive Systems
Spring 2021
TR: 2:20 – 3:35 pm
Online synchronous: Zoom link will be provided via eLC
01/11/2021
Instructor: Yuri Balashov Office Hours (via Zoom):
E-mail: yuri@uga.edu Wed: 11:30 am – 12:30 pm (Zoom link)
www.yuribalashov.com Thu: 4:00 pm – 5:00 pm (Zoom link)
Prerequisite for undergraduate students
PHIL 2500 (Symbolic Logic) or its equivalent. Please note: PHIL 2020 (Logic and Critical Think-
ing) or its equivalents are not sufficient preparation for this course. This course is very math-
ematical in nature and content. Some familiarity with mathematics would therefore be a plus,
even if not required. The relevant mathematical background, including elements of set theory,
will be introduced as we go along.
Course objectives
This is a second course in symbolic logic. The previous course (i.e. PHIL 2500 or an equivalent)
was focused on logic as art: you learned the basics of sentential (propositional) and predicate
calculi and their connections with natural language. In particular, you know how to formalize
arguments and evaluate them for validity. PHIL/LING 4510/6510 is mostly logic as science driven
by the need to understand how and why the logic learned in the first course works. This requires
a more theoretical perspective.
Gaining this perspective is important for understanding contemporary work in philosophy
and good preparation for more advanced study of logic. It also provides a powerful tool for
knowledge representation. And it can serve as a background for applications of logic in linguis-
tics and computer science, for example, in some areas of natural language processing. For these
reasons, students in philosophy, computer science, linguistics, artificial intelligence, and cogni-
tive science will find the course particularly useful. But it will be of interest and importance to
many other students as well.
Topics to be covered include expressive completeness of sets of truth-functional connectives
in sentential logic and formal semantics for predicate logic with identity. We will use a Fitch-
style natural deduction format. The course will include an accelerated review of the portions
1PHIL/LING 4510/6510: Deductive Systems, Spring 2021
of The Logic Book (see below) normally covered in PHIL 2500 or its equivalents. The review will
be focused on the more theoretical aspects of this material. Everyone should already be familiar
with its more practical aspects.
Required class materials
• Bergmann, Moor and Nelson, The Logic Book, 6th ed. (2014) (978-0078038419). Henceforth
abbreviated as ‘TLB’. Please make sure to get the Sixth Edition. Additional resources, including
answers to selected exercises, are available at www.mhhe.com/bergmann6e
• Additional class materials will be posted on eLC.
Format
• The class will be taught fully online via Zoom in a synchronous mode. As such, it requires
access to a computer and a stable internet connection. Attendance of live Zoom sessions is
required. Active participation in live Zoom sessions is encouraged and will count towards
your final grade.
• Class Zoom sessions may be recorded.
• Three exams will be administered online via email.
Class technology
• This class will use eLearning Commons (eLC) – the online learning management system
for the University of Georgia. To log in to eLC using your UGA MyID and password please
go to https://uga.view.usg.edu/d2l/login. This should be straightforward. A lot of help is
available at https://help.elc.uga.edu/.
• All our class meetings will be conducted online via Zoom – a popular videoconferencing
platform adopted at UGA. To access Zoom, to download a desktop/laptop client, and
to configure your account please go to https://uga.zoom.us and log in using your UGA
credentials (this is required for authentication). Zoom meeting ID and password for our
regular class sessions will be provided separately via eLC or email. Please stay tuned for
announcements.
Work in the course
Learning logic, like leaning math, is cumulative: if you miss an idea early, you should expect
a snowball effect. For this reason, the course is designed with daily work, regular tests, and
self-tests. It is extremely important that you approach the course in the right way.
In our class meetings, we will be moving at a brisk and ever-increasing pace. The text, on the
other hand, is thorough and slow-moving. For this reason, it is essential to study the relevant
portions of TLB very carefully prior to the class for which they are assigned, trying to understand
2/7PHIL/LING 4510/6510: Deductive Systems, Spring 2021
every single step. The most difficult points of the material will, of course, be addressed in the
classroom and you should not hesitate to ask any remaining questions. You should expect to
spend 2–3 hours studying outside of class for each classroom hour.
You should also try to complete as many exercises from TLB as possible on your own and be
prepared to go over any of them in class. The answers to about 50% of the exercises are available
at www.mhhe.com/bergmann6e. Some of the exercises from TBL may be included in the weekly
homework assignments and/or the exams.
Attendance
As in a typical math class, it is safe to say that you will not succeed in this course unless you
master the material to the extent that will allow you to solve any arbitrarily chosen problem.
Continuous practice is the only way to achieve this level. Class attendance is essential to this and
is required. Students who stop attending may be dropped from the class roll.
Grading
• Three exams will constitute 45% of the final grade (please see below).
• The homeworks will constitute 45% of the final grade (please see below).
• Attendance and participation will constitute 10% of the final grade (please see below).
Homework and exams
There will be regular homework assignments. The grades for all the homework assignments will
constitute 45% of the final grade. The homework assignments will be posted on eLC and will
need to be submitted via eLC.
In addition, there will be three in-class exams, including a non-cumulative “final,” which will
be graded on the 1–100 scale. Each in-class exam will contribute 15% to your final grade. I will
assign the class grades based on the appropriately weighted final scores (N) using the following
scale:
N ≥93 90≤ NPHIL/LING 4510/6510: Deductive Systems, Spring 2021
Students with special needs
If you plan to request accommodations for a disability, please register with the Disability Re-
source Center. DRC can be reached by visiting Clark Howell Hall, calling 706-542-8719 (voice) or
706-542-8778 (TTY), or by visiting http://drc.uga.edu.
Mental health and wellness resources
• If you or someone you know needs assistance, you are encouraged to contact Student Care
and Outreach in the Division of Student Affairs at 706-542-7774 or visit https://sco.uga.edu.
They will help you navigate any difficult circumstances you may be facing by connecting
you with the appropriate resources or services.
• UGA has several resources for a student seeking mental health services
(https://www.uhs.uga.edu/bewelluga/bewelluga) or crisis support
(https://www.uhs.uga.edu/info/emergencies)
• If you need help managing stress anxiety, relationships, etc., please visit BeWellUGA
(https://www.uhs.uga.edu/bewelluga/bewelluga) for a list of FREE workshops, classes,
mentoring, and health coaching led by licensed clinicians and health educators in the Uni-
versity Health Center.
• Additional resources can be accessed through the UGA App.
4/7PHIL/LING 4510/6510: Deductive Systems, Spring 2021
Schedule (preliminary and subject to change; updated 01/11/2021)
Week 01, 01/18 – 01/22: Review of the syntax of Sentential Logic (SL) and symbolization in SL.
TLB 1.1–1.3; 2.1–2.3. Class notes.
Week 02, 01/25 – 01/29: Semantics of SL. TLB 3.1–3.6. Class notes.
Week 03, 02/01 – 02/05: Semantics of SL. TLB 3.1–3.6. Class notes.
Week 04, 02/08 – 02/12: Semantic metatheory of SL: math induction. TLB 6.1. Class notes.
Week 05, 02/15 – 02/19: Semantic metatheory of SL: math induction. TLB 6.1. Class notes.
Week 06, 02/22 – 02/26: Semantic metatheory of SL: TF-completeness. TLB 6.2. Class notes.
Week 07, 03/01 – 03/05: Semantic metatheory of SL: TF-completeness. TLB 6.2. Class notes.
Exam 1: Via email, two hours, at the end of February or early March. Date TBA.
Week 08, 03/08 – 03/12: Natural deduction systems SD and SD+ for SL and the elements of their
proof theory. TLB 5.1–5.4. Class notes.
Week 09, 03/15 – 03/19: Natural deduction systems SD and SD+ for SL and the elements of their
proof theory. TLB 5.1–5.4. Class notes.
Week 10, 03/22 – 03/26: Review of the syntax of Predicate Logic (PL and PLE) and symbolization
in PL and PLE. TLB 7.1–7.5. Class notes.
Week 11, 03/29 – 04/02: Review of the syntax of Predicate Logic (PL and PLE) and symbolization
in PL and PLE. TLB 7.1–7.5. Class notes.
Exam 2: Via email, two hours, at the end of March or early April. Date TBA.
Week 12, 04/05 – 04/09: Semantics of PL and PLE. TLB 8.1–8.6. Class notes.
Week 13, 04/12 – 04/16: Semantics of PL and PLE. TLB 8.1–8.6. Class notes.
Week 14, 04/19 – 04/23: Semantics of PL and PLE. TLB 8.1–8.6. Class notes.
Week 15, 04/26 – 04/30: Review and catch-up.
Exam 3: Thursday, May 6, 3:30 – 5:30 pm; via email.
5/7PHIL/LING 4510/6510: Deductive Systems, Spring 2021
Coronavirus Information for Students
Face Coverings:
As a reminder, the University of Georgia—along with all University System of Georgia (USG)
institutions—requires all faculty, staff, students, and visitors to wear an appropriate face cover-
ing while inside campus facilities/buildings where six feet social distancing may not always be
possible. Anyone not using a face covering when required will be asked to wear one or must
leave the area. Reasonable accommodations may be made for those who are unable to wear a
face covering for documented health reasons. Students seeking an accommodation related to
face coverings should contact Disability Services at https://drc.uga.edu.
DawgCheck:
Please perform a quick symptom check each weekday on DawgCheck – on the UGA app or
website – whether you feel sick or not. It will help health providers monitor the health situation
on campus: https://dawgcheck.uga.edu/.
What do I do if I have symptoms?
Students showing symptoms should self-isolate and schedule an appointment with the Univer-
sity Health Center by calling 706-542-1162 (Monday-Friday, 8 a.m.-5 p.m.). Please DO NOT
walk-in. For emergencies and after-hours care, see https://www.uhs.uga.edu/info/emergencies.
What do I do if I test positive?
Any student with a positive COVID-19 test is required to report the test in DawgCheck and
should self-isolate immediately. Students should not attend classes in-person until the isolation
period is completed. Once you report the positive test through DawgCheck, UGA Student Care
and Outreach will follow up with you.
What do I do if I am notified that I have been exposed?
Revised Guidelines for COVID-19 Quarantine Period
Effective Jan. 4, 2021, students who learn they have been directly exposed to COVID-19 but are
not showing symptoms should self-quarantine for 10 days (consistent with updated Department
of Public Health (DPH) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines). Those
quarantining for 10 days must have been symptom-free throughout the monitoring period. Please
correspond with your instructor via email, with a cc: to Student Care Outreach at sco@uga.edu,
to coordinate continuing your coursework while self-quarantined.
We strongly encourage students to voluntarily take a COVID-19 test within 48 hours of the
end of the 10-day quarantine period (test to be administered between days 8 and 10). Students
may obtain these tests at Legion Field https://clia.vetview.vet.uga.edu or at the University Health
Center by calling 706-542-1162 (Monday-Friday, 8 a.m.-5 p.m.). Please DO NOT walk-in the
University Health Center without an appointment. For emergencies and after-hours care, see
https://www.uhs.uga.edu/info/emergencies
If the test is negative, the individual may return to campus, but MUST continue to closely
6/7PHIL/LING 4510/6510: Deductive Systems, Spring 2021
monitor for any new COVID-19 symptoms through 14 days. DawgCheck is the best method for
monitoring these symptoms. If new symptoms occur, the individual must not come to campus
and must seek further testing/evaluation.
If the test is positive at the end of the 10-day period, the individual must begin a 10-day
isolation period from the date of the test.
How do I participate in surveillance testing if I have NO symptoms?
We strongly encourage you to take advantage of the expanded surveillance testing that is be-
ing offered from January 4 – 22: up to 1,500 free tests per day at Legion Field and pop-up
locations. Testing at Legion Field can be scheduled at https://clia.vetview.vet.uga.edu. Walk-
up appointments can usually be accommodated at Legion Field, and pop-up saliva testing
does not require pre-registration. For planning purposes, precise sites and schedules for the
pop-up clinics are published on the UHC’s website and its social media as they are secured:
https://www.uhs.uga.edu/healthtopics/covid-surveillance-testing.
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